Indiana Palladium, Volume 3, Number 50, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, 22 December 1827 — Page 2

recent date, a Minister Plenipotentiary a from the Hunseatic Republic of Hamburg. Lubck. and Bremen, has been re

ceived, charged with a special mission

on principles in relation tor blockades and to neutral navigation, which we could not sanction, and which our command

ers found it necessary to resist. It ap

. - . i . j

for the negotiation or a T reaty oi Amity I pears tnai mey reave uui wen u8ia... nA rnmm0rrp between that ancient and bv the Government of Brazil itself.

,m,,i f .Pamifiand the United States. Some of the vessels, captured under the

This negotiaion has accordingly been assumed authority of these erroneous commenced, aud is now in progress, the principles, have been restored; and we result of which will, if successful, be al- trust that ourjust expectations will be re-

go submitted to the Senate for their con- alszed, that adequate indemnity win De ;HrMtinn made to all the citizens of the U. States

c-mP th accession of. the Emperor who have suffered by the unwarranted

Nicholas to the Imperial throne of all the captures which the Brazillian tribunals

Rdsias the friendly dispositions towards themselves have pronouncea unlawful.

the United States, so constantly manues- m tne dipiomauc discussions ai mo ae ted by his predecessor, have continued Janeiro, of these wrongs, sustained by unabated, and have been recently tea- citizens of the United States, and of othtified by the appointment of a Minister ers which seemed as if emanating immePlenipotentiary to reside at this place. diately from that Government itself, the From the interest taken by this Sover- Charge d'Affaires of the United States, ei":i in behalf of the suffering Greeks, under an impression that his represeutaand from the spirit with which others of tions in behalf of the right and interests the great European Powers are co-oper- of his countrymen we$e totally disregardating vvitU him, the friends of freedom ed and useless, deemed it his duty, w ilhand of humanity may indulge the hope, out waiting for instructions, to terminate that they will obtain relief from that most his official functions, to demand his passunequal of conflicts, which they have so ports, and return to the United States, long and so ejallantly sustained. That This movement, dictated by an honest they will enjoy the blessing of self-gov- zal for the honor and interests of his ernment, which, by their sulTe rings in country ; motives which operated excluthe cause of liberty, they have richly sively upon the mind of the officer who earned; and that their independence resorted to it, has not been disapproved will be secured by trios liberal institu- by me. The Brazillian Government, tions, of which their country furnished however, complained of it as a measure the earliest examples in the history of for which no adequate intentional cause mmkind,and winch have consecrated had been given by them: and upon an! to immortal remembrance the very soil explicit assurance, through their Charge

for which they are now acjain profusely d'AiTuires, residing here, that a successor

pouring fourth their blood. Ihfy syrn- to the late Representative of the United

pathies which the People and Govern- States near that Government, the ap

mr?nt of the United States have so warm- nointment of whom thev desired, should

------- 11 j ly indulged with their cause, have been be received and treated with the respec

acknowledged by their Government, in a due tcr his character, and that indemnity letter of thanks, which I have received should be promptly made for all injuries from their illustrious President, a trans- inflicted on citizens of the United States

lation of which is now communicated to or their property, contrary to the laws

the application of the public funds. The depression upon the receipts of the revenue which had commenced with the year 1 826, continued with increased severity during the two first quarters of the present year. The returning tide began to flow with the third quarter, and, so far as we

can judge from experience, may be expected to continue through the course of the ensuing year. In the meantime, an alleviation from the burden of the public debt will, in three years, have been effected, to the amount of nearly sixteen millions, and the charge of annual interest will have been reduced upwards of one million. But amongf the

maxims of political economy which the

Stewards of the public moneys should never suffer without urgent necessity to be transcended, is that of keeping the expenditures of the year within the limits of

its receipts. The appropriations of the

two last years, including the yearly ten millions of the sinking fund, have each

equalled the promised revenue of the

ensuing year. While we foresee with confidence that the public coffers will be replenished from the receipts, as fast as they will be drained by the expenditures, equal in amount to those of the

current year, it should not be forgotten

that they could ill sutler the exhaustbn

of larger disbursements.

The condition of the Army, and of all

the branches of the public service under

sacola, with the view of connecting them pies of honor and justice, with the high

er obligations ot morals, and ct general

together by a caiud;

On surveys of a route for a canal to connect the waters of James and Great Kenhavra rivers; On the survey of the Swash in Pamti-

co Sound, and that of Cape Fear below

the town of Wilmington, in .North Car

olina;

On the survey of the Muscle bhoals,

in the Tennessee river, and for a route for a contemplated communication be

tween the Iliwassee and Coosa rivers, in the State of Alabama.

Other reports of surveys, upon ob

jects pointed out by the several acts ot

iCjongress of the last and preceding ses

sions, are in the progress oi preparation, and most of them may be completed before the cloe of this session. All the officers of both corps of Engineers, with several other persons duly qualified, have been constantly employed upon these services, from the passage of the act of 30th April, 1824, to this tune. Were no' other advantage to accrue to the coun

try from their labours than the fund of

topographical knowledge which they have collected and communicated, that alone would have been a profit to the Union more than adequate io all the expenditures which have been devoted to the object ; but the appropriations for the repair and continuation of the Cumberland Road, for the construction of various

the superintendence of the Secretary of ot"er road, for the removal of obstrucWar. will be seen bv the reuort from tions from the Rivers and Harbors, for

with

Congress, the Representatives of that of nations, a temporary commission as

nation to whom this tribute ot gratitude Charge d'Affdres to that country ha:

was intended to be paid, and to whom it been issued, which it is hoped will en

wa3 justly due. tirely restore the ordinary diplomatic in-

rn the American hemisphere, tne lercourse between the two uovernments

cause of freedom and Independence has and the friendly relations between their

continued to prevail; ana it signanzoa respective nations.

by none of those eptenuid triumphs Fuming from the momentous con

which had crowned with glory some ol cerns of our Union, in its intercourse

the preceding years, it has only been with foreign nations, to those of th(

from the banishment of all external force deepest interest in the administration o

acainst which the struggle had been our internal affairs, we find the revenues

maintained. The shout of victory has of the present year corresponding as

been superseded by the expulsion of the nearly as might be expected to the anti

enemv over wnom it couia nave oeen cinauons oi me lasi, ana presenting an

M I I W

achieved. Our friendly wishes and cor- aspect still more favorable in the pro

dial trood will, which have constantly mise of the next. The balance in the

followed the Southern nations of Ameri- Treasury, on the first of January last,

ca iu all the vicissitudes of their war of was six millions three hundred aud filty

Independence, are succeeded by a soli- eight thousand six hundred and eighty-

citude, equally ardent and cordial, that, six dollars and eighteen cents. I he re by the wisdom and purity of their insti- ceipts from that day to the 30th of Sep

. . a I ll.lt. .1 n

itifions. thev mav secure to tnemseives temner last as near as the returns ol

7 - J J .1.

them vet received can show, amount to

the choicest blessings ot social order

a id the best rewards of virtuous liberty.

Disclaiming alike all right and all inten

iinn nf interfering? in those concerns

which it is the prerogative of their Inde

nendence to regulate as to them shall I - I , I . . . 1

seem ht.we hail Willi joy every maica-

tinn nf their Drosoerttv, of their harmo-

- I nv, of their persevering and inflexible homage to those principles of freedom

and of equal rights, which arearone suit

ed to the genius and temper of the Amer-

iran nations. It has been therefore

with some concern that we have observ

ed indications ot intestine divisions in some of the Republics of the South, and

appearances of less union with one another, than, we believe to be the in-

nrpsis of all. Among the results of

bW vwv J this state of things has been that the Treaties concluded at Panama da not

appear to have been ratified by the contracting paFties, and that the meeting of the Congress at Tacubaya has been indefinitely postponed. li accepting the invitations to be represented at this Congress, while a manifestation was intended on the part of the United States, of the most disposition friendly towards the Southern Republics, by whom it had been proposed, it was hoped that it would furnish an opportunity for bringing all the nations of this hemisphere to the common acknowledgment and adoption of the principles in the regul ition of their international relations, which 'would have secured a lasting peace & harmony between them, iift Kavp. nrom.ted the cause of mutual

benevolence, throughout the globe. But

as obstacles appear to have arisen to the

sixteen millions eight hundred and eigh ty-six thousand five hundred and eighty

one dollars and thirty-two cents. The

receipts of the present quarter estimated at four millions five hundred and fifteen thousand, added to the above, form an

aggregate of twenty-one millions four hundred thousand dollars of receipts.

The expenditures of the year may perhaps amount to twenty-two millions three hundred thousand dollars, presenting a

small excess over the receipts. But, of

these twenty-two millions, upwards of six have been applied to the discharge of the principal of the public debt; the whole amount of which, approaching1

' 1 o

seventy four millions on the first of Jan

uary last, will, on the first day of next

year,.fall short of sixty-seven millions and

hair, l he balance in the treasury.

on the first of January next7it is expect

ed will exceed five millions four hundred and fifty thousand dollars; a sum

exceeding that of the first of January,

1&25, though falling short of that exhibi-

ed on the hrst of January last. It was foreseen that the revenue of the

present year would not equal that of the last, which had itself been less than that of the nxt preceding year. But the hope has been realized which was entertainedthat these deficiencies would in

no wise interrupt the steady operation of

the discharge of the public debt, by the annual ten millions devoted to that ob

ject by the Act of 3d March, 1817.

The amount of duties secured on merchandise imported from the commencement of the year until the 30th of Sep

tember last, is twenty-one millions two

re assembling of the Congress,, one of! hundred and twenty-six thousand, and

the two Ministers commissioned on the part of the United States has returned, to the bosom of his country, while the Minister charged with the ordinary mission to Mexico remains authorized to attend at the conferences of the Congress whenever they may be resumed.. A hope was for a short time entertained, that a Treaty of Peace, actuall v sign

ed between the Governments of Buenos

Ayres aud Brazil, would supersede all

further occasion for those collisions be

tween belligerent pretensious and neutral rights, which are so commonly the result of maratirne war, and which have

the relations between the United States and the Brazillian Governments. At their last session, Gongress were informed that some of the Naval officers of that Enpire bad advanced and practised up-

the probable amount of that which will

be secured during the remainder of the yearis five millions seven hundred and seventy-fenr thousand dollars; forming a sum total of twenty-seven millions. With the allowances for drawbacks, and contingent deficiencies which may occur, though not specifically foreseen, we may safely estimate the receipts of the

ensuing Year at twentv-two millions

three hundred thousand dollars; a revenue for the next, equal to the expenditure of the present year. The deep solicitude felt bv our citi

zens of all classes throughout the Union

unfortunately disturbed the harmony of for the total discharge of the public debt,

will apologize for the earnestness with

which I deem it my duly to urge this topic upon the consideration of Congress of recommending to them again the

observance of the strictest economy ia

that officer, and the documents

which it is accompanied.

During the course of the last summer, a detachment of the Army has been usefully and successfully called to perfoim their appropriate duties. At the moment when the Commissioners appointed for carrying into execution certain provisions of the Treaty of August 19th,

1825, with various tribes of the North

western Indians, were about to arrive at

the appointed place of meeting, the unprovoked murder of several citizens, and

other acts of unequivocal hostility, com

mitted by a party of the Winnebago

tribe, one of those associated in the

Treaty, followed by indications of a me

uaring character, among other tribes of

the same region, rendered necessary an immediate display of the defensive and protective force or the Union in that

quarter. It was accordingly exhibi

ted by the immediate and concert

ed movements of the Governors of the

State of Illinois and of the Territory

of Michigan, and competent levies of mi

litia under their authority, with a corps of seven hundred men of United States

troops, under the command of General

Atkinson, who at the call of Governor Caas, immediately repaired to the scene

of danger, from their station at St. Lou

rs. Their presence dispelledthe alarms

of our fellow-citizens on those borders,

and overawed the hostile purposes of the

Indians. The perpetrators of the mur

ders were surrendered to the authority

and operation of our laws, and every ap-

pearance oi purposed hostility from those Indian tribes has subsided.

Although the present organization of

he Army, and the administration of its

various branches of service, are upon the whole, satisfactory,, they are yet suscep-

ible ot much improvement in partit liars, some of which have been heretofore

submitted to the consideration of Con-

V.I J"

gress, and others are now hist present

ed in the Report ot the Secretary of ar.

The expediency of providing for addi

tional numbers of oflicers in the two Corps of Engineers will, -in some degree,

depend upon the number and extent of

the objects of national importance upon which Congress may think it proper that surveys should be made, conformably to the act of the 30th of April, 1824. " Of the surveys which, before the last session of Congress, had been made under the authority of that act, reports were made: 1. Of the Board of Internal Improvement, on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. 2. On the continuance of the National Road from Cumberland to the tide waters within the District of Columbia. 3. On the continuation of the National Road from Canton to Zanesville.

4. On the location of the National!

Road from Zanesville to Columbus. 5. On the continuation of the same Road to the Seat of Government in Missouri. G. On a Post Road from Baltimore to Philadelphia.

7. Of a survey of Kennebec river, (in

part.) 8. On a National Road from Washington to Buffalo. 9. On the survey of Saugatnck harbor and river. 10. On a Canal from Lake Pontchartrain to the Mississippi river 11. On surveys at Edgartown, Newburyport, and Hyannis harbor. 12. On survey of La Plaisance Bay, in the Territory of Michigan. And reports are now prepared, and will be submitted to Congress: On surveys of the Peninsula of Florida, to ascertain the practicability of a canal to connect the waters, of the Atlantic with the Gulf of Mexico, across that Peninsula; and also, of the countrv between the Bavs of Mobile and of Pen-

the accruing revenues of the nation. To

such objects of permanent improvement to the condition of the country, of real addition to the wealth as well as to the

comfort of the People by whose author ity and resources they have been efTect ed, from three to four millions of the an

nual income of the nation have, by laws

enactedat the three most recent sessions of Congress been applied, without intrenching upon the necessities of the Treasury; without adding a dollar to the

taxes or debts of the community ; with

out suspending even the steady and regular discharge of the debis contracted in

former days, which, within the same three years, have been diminished by

the amount of nearly sixteen millions of

dollars. The same observations are, in. a great degree, applicable to the appropriation? made for fortifications upon the coast?

and harbors ot the United States, lor

the maintenance of the Military Academy at West Point, and for the various

objects under the superintendence of the

Department of the Navy. The Report

of the Secretary of the Navy,, and those

from the subordinate branches of both

the Military Departments, exhibit to Coigres, in minute detail, the present condition of the public establishments dependent upon themr the execution of the acts of Congress relating to them, and the views of the officers engaged in the several branches of the ser ice, concerning the improve-; ments which mv tend to their nerfec-

9 tion. The fortification of the Coasts, and the gradual increase and improvement of the Navy, are parts of a great

system of national defence, which has been upwards of ten years in progress, and which, for a series of years to come, will continue to claim the constant and persevering protection and superintendence of the legislative authority. Among the measures which have emanated from these principles, the Act of the last Session of Congress for the gradual Improvement of the Navy, holds a conspicuous place. Tiie collection of timber for the future construction of vessels of

war; the preservation and reproduction of the species of limber peculiarly adapted to that purpose; the construction of Dry Docks for the use of the Navy; the erection of a Marine Railway for the repair of the public ships; and the im

provement of the Navv lards tor the

preservation of the public property deposited in them; have all received from the Executive the attention required by that Act, and w ill continue to receive it, steadily proceeding towards the execution of all its purposes. The establishment of a Naval Academy, furnishing the means of theoretic instruction to the youths who devote their lives to the service of their country upon the ocean, still solicits the sanction of the Legislature. Practical seamanship and the art of navigation may be acquired upon the cruises of the squadrons which from time to time, are despatched to distant seas; but a competent knowledge, even of the art of ship building, the higher mathematics and astronomy; the literature which can place our oftkers on a level

of polished education with the officers ofl

other maratirne nations; the knowledge of the laws, municipal and national, which in their intercourse with foreign States and their Governments, are continually called into operation; and above

all. that acqunir.tancc with the princi

the erection of Light-houses, Beacons,

Piers, and Buoys, and for the completion of Canals undertaken by individual as

sociations, but needing the assistance of

means and resourc? more comprehensive than individual enterprise can command, may be considered rather as treasures laid up from the contributions of the nreseut age. for the benefit of poster

ity, than as unrequited applications of P"oiul nd iotioiate intercourse betweeo tb - rl rm allin nr i fit mm. ...

laws, human and divine, which constitute the great distinction between the warrior patriot, and the licensed robber and pirate; these can be systematically taught and eminently acquired only in u permanent school, stationed upon the shore, and provided with the teacherc, the instruments, and the books, conversant with and adapted to the communication of the principles of these respective sciences to the youthful and inquir-'

ing mma.

Tba r?port from the Postmaster General ex

hibits the coDditioo oi that dtpartaoeol, ar highly satisfactory for the present, and still more promising for the future. Its receipts for the year ending the first of July las;, amounted to on million four hundred and seventy-three thousand fire hundred and fiftyone dollars, and exceeded its expenditures by upwards of one hundred thousand dollars. It cannot he an over sanguine estimate to predict that, in less than ten years, of which one half have elapsed, the receipts will have been mora than doubled. In the mean time, a reduced expenditure upon established routes has kept

pace nith increased facilities of public accommedstion, and additional services have beeai obtained at reduced rates of compensation. Within the l-sl year the transportation of the mail in stages has been greatly augmented. The number of Post Offices has been increased to seven thousand i and it may be anticipated that, while tbt facilities of intercourse be? tween fellow citizens, in person or by correspondence, will soon b carried to the door of every villager in tb Union, a yearly surplus of revenue w ill accrue which my be applied as the wisdom of Congress, under the exercises of their constitutional powers, may devise fur the further establishment and improvement of the public roads, or by adding still further to the facilities in the transportation of the mails. Of the indications of the prosperous condition) of our country, Lone ean be more pleasing thaa thoe presented by the multiplying relations of

citizens of the Union dwelling at the remotest

distances from each other. Among the subjects which have heretofore occupied the earnest solicitude and attention of Coogruss, is the snauagtoient and disposal of

that portion of the property of the Nation which consists of the public lands. The acquisition of thtaa, made at the expense of the wbola Union, not only in treasure but in blood, marks a right of properly in them equally extensive. B) the report and statements from the General Lnd Office, now communicated, it appears that, under the present Government of the United States, a sum little abort of thirty three millions of dollars has been paid from the common Treasury for that portion of this proper! which has been purchased from Fraoce and $pin.aud for the extinction of the aboriginal tides. The amount of lands acquired is near ttvo hundred od sixty millions of acres, of which, on the first of January, 26. about one hundred and thirty -nine millions of acres bvd been surveyed, and little mor thaa nineteen million of acr-a bad been sold. The amoant paid into the Tress ury by the purchasers of tha lands sold is not yet equal to the sums.

paid for the whole, but leavs e small balance to be refunded; the proceeds of the sales of the

lands have long been pledged to the creditors

of the Nation; a pledge from which we have reason to hope that they will in a very feiv

years be redeemed. The system upon which

this great Rational interest has been managed was tne result ofjlong, anxious, and persevering

deliberation; matured and modified by the pro

gress of our population, and the lessons of ex

perience, it has been hitherto eminently suc

cessful. More than nine-tenths of the land still remain the efticruon property of the Union, the appropriation and disposal of which are

eacred trusts in the bands of Congress. Of

C7 the lands sold, a considerable part were conveyed under extended credits, which in the vieisitudea and fluctuations in the value of lands, and of their produce, became oppressive

ly burdensome to the purchasers. It can never be the interest or the policy of the Nation to wring from its own citizens the reasonable profits of their industry and enterprise, by holding them to the rigorous import of disastrous engagements. In March, 182t, a debt of twenty-two millions of dollars, due by purchasers of the public lands, bad accumulated, which they were unable to pay. An act of Congress, of the 2d of march. 1821, came to their relief, and has been succeeded Ly others; the latest being the act of the 4th of May, 182&, the indulgent provisions of which expired on the 4th of July lest. 1 he efTect of these laws has been to reduce the debt from the purchasers, tct a remaining balance of about four millions three hundred thousand dollars due; more that ihreefiAhs of which are for lands within the state of! Alabama. I recommend to Congress therevival and continuance, for a further term, oT the beneficent accommodation to the pnhlic debtors, of that statute, and submit to their consideration, in the same spirit of equity, the remission, under proper discriminations, of the

forfeitures of partial payments on aecount of purchasers of the public lands, so far as to allow of their application to other payments. There are various other subjects, of deep interest to the whole Union, which have heretofore been recommended tt the consideration of Cengress, as well by ay predecessors, as under the impression of the duties devolving upon me, by myself. Among these are the debt, rather of justice tfran gratitude, to the surviving warriors of the Revolutionary War; the extension of the Judicial Administration of the Federal Government to those extensive end important members of the Union, which, having: risen into existence since the organization of the present Judiciary establishment now constitute at least one-third of its territory, power, and population the formation of a mere effective and uniform system for the govern-, ment of the Militia; and amelioration, in some form or roodirication of the diversified and otter, oppressive eodes relatiog to insolvency

Amidst the multiplicity of topics cf ret c-