Indiana Palladium, Volume 3, Number 6, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, 17 February 1827 — Page 1

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EQUALITY OF RIGHTS 15 NATURE'S PLAN AND FOLLOWING NATURE IS THE MARCH OF MAN. Barlow. Volume III. LAWRENCEBURGH, INDIANA; SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1827. Number 6.

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PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY M Gregg & D. V. Cullej, ON EVERY SATURDAY.

BIOGRAPHICAL. Amnnrrthft most enterprising and use ful members of the colony of Virginia, Was Captain John Smith. As he acted a distinguished part in the early history of the colony, a brief sketch of his life will be interesting. He was born in Willoughby, in Linolnshire, England, in 1579. From his earliest youth, he discovered a roving and romantic genius, and appeared irreSistably bent on extravagant and daring enterprises. At the age of thirteen, becoming tired of study, he disposed of his satchel and books, with the intention of; escaping to sea. But the death of his lather, just at that time, frustrated his clans for the present, and threw him upon guardians, who to repress the waywardness of his genius, confined him to a counting room. From a confinement ao irksome, however, he contrived to escape not long after,and, with ten shillings in hi pocket, entered the train of a young nobleman, travelling to France. On their arrival at Orleans, he received a diachange from further attendance Upon lord Bertie, who advanced him money to return to England. Smith had no wish, however, to return. TVith the money be had received, he visited Paris, from which he proceeded to the low countries, where he enlisted into the service as a soldier. Having continued some time in this capacity, he was induced to accompany a gentleman to Scotland, who promised to recommend him to the notice of king James. Being disappointed however in this, he return ed to England, and visited the place oil fiis birth. Not finding the company there that suited his romantic turn, he erected a booth in some wood, and in the manner of a recluse, retired from society, devoting himself to the study of military history and tactics, diverting himself, at intervals with his horse and lance. Recovering about this time a part of his fathers estate, which had been in dis pute, in 1596, he again commenced his travels, being then only seventeen years of age. His first stage was Flanders, where meeting with a Frenchman, who pretended to be heir to a noble family, be was prevailed upon to accompany bim to France. On their arrival at St. Valory, in Picardy, by the connivance of the shipmaster, the Frenchman and at tendants robbed him of his effects, and succeeded in making their escape Eager to pursue his travels, he endeav ored to procure a place on board a man of war. In one of his rambles, searching for a ship that would receive him, he ac cidently met one of the villains concerned in robbing him. Without exchanging a word, they both instantly draw their swords. The contest was severe, but Smith succeeded in wounding and dis Arming his antagonist, and obliged him to confess his guilt. Alter this rencounter, having received pecuniary assistance from an acquaintance, the earl Ployer, be travelled along the trench coast to Bayonne, and thence crossed to Marseilles, visiting and observing every thing in his course, which had reference to naval or military architecture. At Marseilles he embarked for Italy, in Company witn a with a number of DilprimB. But here also new troublesawaited him. During the voyage, a tempest arising,! the ship was forced into Toulon, after leaving which, contrary winds so impe ded their progress, that in a fit of rage, the pilgrims, imputing their ill fortune to the presence of a heretic, threw him into jthe sea. Being a good swimmer, he was ena bled to reach the island of St. Mary, offl JNice, at no great distance, where he was taken on board a ship, in which, altering His course, he sailed to Alexandria, in Egypt, and thence coasted the Levant. Having spent some time in this region of country, ne sailed on his return, and on 1 leaving the ship received about two thousand dollars, as his portion of a rich prize, which they had taken during the Voyage. Smith landed at Antibes. He now travelled through Italy, crossed the Adriatic, and passed into Stirria, to the eat of Ferdinand, archduke of Austria. The emperor being at that time at war with the Turks, he entered his army as a volunteer. By means of his valor and ingenuity, -: j J i i. .... . . . . J oiucu uy nis military knowledge and ex-

pfirjcocft, he tootx diitiofluuhed bioielf,jof his misfortune

and was advanced to the command of a company, consisting of two hundred and fifty horsemen, in the regiment of count Meldrick, a nobleman of Transylvania. The regiment in which he served was engaged in several hazardous enterprises in which Smith exhibited a bravery admired by all the army, and when Mel

drick left the imperial service for that of his native prince, Smith followed. At the siege of Regal he was destined to new adventures. The Ottomans deriding the slow advance of the Transylvania army, the lord Turbisha despatched a messenger with a challenge, that for the diversionofthe ladies of the place, he would tight any captain of the christian troops. The honor of accepting this challenge was determined by lot, and fell on Smith. At the time appointed the two champions appeared in the field on horseback, and in the presence of the armies, and of the ladies of the insulting Ottoman, rushed impetuously to the attack. A short, but desperate conflict ensued, at the end of which Smith was seen bearing the head of the lifeless rurbisha in tri umph to his general. The fall of the chief filled his friend Crualgo with indignation, and roused him to avenge his death. Smith accor dingly soon after received a challenge from him, which he did not hesitate to accept, and the two exasperated com batants, upon their chargers, fell with desperate fury upon each other. Victo ry again followeMhe falchion cf Smith, who sent the Turk headlong to the ground. It was now the turn of Smith to make the advance. He despatched a message therefore to the Turkish ladies, that if they were desirous of more diversion of a similar kind, they should be welcome to his head, in case their third champion could take it. Bonamalgro tendered his services, and haughtily accepted the Christian's chal lenge. When the day arrived the spec tators assembled and the combatants entered the field. It was an hour of deep anxiety to all ; as the horsemen approach ed a deathless silence pervaded the multitude. A blow from the sabre of the Turk brought Smith to the ground, and for a moment it seemed as if the deed of death was done. Smith however was only stunned. He rose like a lion, when he shakes the dew from his mane to the fight, and vaulting into his saddle, made his faulchion k4shed fast atonement for its first delay." It is hardly necessary to adJ, that the head of Bonamalgro was added to the number. Smith was received with transports of joy by the prince of Transylvania, who after the capture oi the place presented him with his picture set in gold, granted him a pension of three hundred ducats a year, and conferred on him a coat of, arms, bearing three x urk s heads in a shield. In a subsequent battle between the Transylvanian army, and a body of Turks and Tartars, the former was defeated, with a loss of many killed and wounded. Among the wounded was the gallant Smith. His dress bespoke his consequence, and he was treated kindly. On his recovery from his wounds he was sold to the Basha Bogul, who sent him as a present to his mistress at Constantinople, assuring her that he was a Bohemian nobleman, whom he had conquered, and whom he now presented to her as her slave. The present proved more acceptable to the lady than her lord intended. As she understood Italian, in that language Smith informed her ol his country and quality, and by his singular address, and engaging manners, won the affection oil her heart. Designing to secure him to herself, but fearing lest some misfortune should befall him, she sent him to her brother, a bashaw, on the borders of the sea of! Asoph, with a direction that he should be initiated into the manners and language, as well as the religion of the Tartars. From the terms of herletter, her brother suspected her design, and resolved to disappoint her. Immediately after Smith s arrival, therefore, he ordered him to be stripped, his head and beard to be shaven, and with an iron collar about his neck, and a dress of hair cloth, he was driven forth to labor among some christian slaves. The circumstances of Smith were now peculiarly afflicting. He could indulge no hope, except from the attachment of i a. i 3? ins mistress, oui as uer aisiance wag great, it was improbable that she would soon become acquainted with the story

In the midst of his distress, an oppor

tunity to escape presented itself, but under circumstances, which, to a person of less adventurous spirit, would have served only to heighten this distress. His employment was threshing, at the dis tance ol a league from the residence of! the bashaw, who daily visited him, but treated him with rigorous severity, and in fits of aneer even abused him with blows. This last was treatment to which the independent spirit of Smith could not submit. Watching a favorable opportunity, on an occasion of the tyrant's visit, and when his attendants were absent, he levelled his threshing instrument at him, and laid him in the dust. He then hastily filled a bag with grain and mounting the bashaw's horse, put himself upon fortune. Directing his course towards a desert he entered its recesses, and continuing to conceal him self in its obscurities for several days, at length made his escape. In sixteen days he arrived at Exapolis on the river Don, where meeting with the Russian garri son, the commander treated him kindly, and gave him letters of recommendation to other commanders in that region. He now travelled through a part of Russia, and Poland, and at length reach ed his friends in Transylvania. At Leipsic he enjoyed the pleasure of meet ing his colonel count Meldrick, and Sigismund, prince of Transylvania, who presented him with fifteen hundred du cats. His fortune being thus in a meas ure repaired, he travelled through Ger many, trance and spam, and having visited the kingdom of Morocco, returned once more to England. Such is a rapid view of the life of this interesting adventurer, down to his ar rival in his native land. At this time the settlement of America was occupying the attention of many distinguished men in England. The life of Smith, united to his fondness for enterprises of danger and difficulty, had prepared him to embark with zeal in a project so novel and sublime as that of exploring the wilds of a newly discovered continent. I TU ...... i 4 it . j : jic wcis buuii diuiuucu 10 me expcuition, about to sail under Newport, and was appointed one of the magistrates of the colony sent over at that time. Before the arrival of the colony, his colleagues in office becoming jealous of his influence, arrested him on the absurd charge that he designed to murder the council, usurp the government, and make himself king of Virginia. He was therefore rigorously confined during the remainder of the voyage. On their arrival in the country he was liberated, but could net obtain a trial, although in the tone of conscious integrity, he repeatedly demanded it. The infant colony was 6oon involved in perplexity and danger. Notwithstanding Smith had been calumniated, and his honor deeply wounded, his was not the spirit to remain idle when his services were needed. Nobly disdaining revenge, he offered his assistance, and by his talents, experience, and indefatigable zeal, furnished important aid to the infant colony. Continuing to assert his innocence, and to demand a trial, the time at length arrived when his enemies could postpone it no longer. After a fair hearing of the case, he was honorably acquitted of the charges alleged against him, and soon after took his seat in the council. The affairs of the colony becoming more settled, the active spirit of Smith prompted him to explore the neighboring country. In an attempt to ascertain the source of Chickahoming river, he ascended in a barge as far as the stream was uninterrupted. Designing to proceed still further, he left the barge ir K keeping of the crew, with str 1 tions on no account to le. with two Englishmen, a left the party. But no out of view, than the ci restraint, repaired on j he ient of rti the barge, and proceeding some stance down the stream, landed at a place where a body of Indians lay w ambush, by whom they were seized. By means of the crew, the rout of Smith was ascertained, and a party of Indians were immediately despatched to take him. On coming up with him, they fired, killed the Englishmen, and wounded himself. With great presence of mind, he now tied his Indian guide to his left arm, as a shield from the ene my's arrows, while with his musket he despatched three of the most forward of the assailants. In this manner he continued to retreat towards his canoe, while the Indians, struck with admiration of his bravery followed with icspectfu caqtitg, Un-

fortunate coming to a sunken spot filled)

with mire, while engrossed with eyeing his pursuers, he sunk so deep as to be unable to extrirate himself, and was forced to surrender. Fruitful in expedients, to avert im mediate death, he presented an ivory compass to the chitf, whose attention was arrested by the vibrations of the needle. Taking advantage of the im pression which he had thus made, partly by signs, and partly by language, he ex cited their wonder still more by telling them of its singular powers. Their wonder however seemed soon to abate, and their attention returned to their prisoner. He was now bound, and tied to a tree and the savages were pre paring to direct their arrows at his breast. At this instant the chief, hold ing up the compass, they laid down their arms, and led him in triumph to Pow hatan their king. Powhatan and bis council doomed him to death, as a man whose courage and genius were peculiarly dangerous to the Indians. Preparations were accordingly made, and when the time ar rived, Smith was led out to execution, his head was laid upon a stone, and club presented to Pow hatan, who himself claimed the honor of becoming the executioner. The savages in silence were circling round, and the giant arm of Powhatan had already taised the club to strike the fatal blow, when to his astonishment the young and beautiful Poca hontas, his daughter, with a shriek o terror, rushed from the throng, and threw herself upon the body of Smith. At the same time she cast an imploring look towards her furious but astonished father and in all the eloquence of mute, but im passioned sorrow, besought his life. The remainder of the scene was hon orable to Powhatan. The club of the chief was still uplifted, but a father's pity had touched his heart, and the eye that had at first kindled w ith wrath was now fast losing its fierceness. He looked round as if to collect his fortitude, or perhaps to find an excuse for his weakness, in the pity of the attendants. A similar sympathy had melted the savage throng, and seemed to join in the petition which the weeping Pocahontas felt, but durst not utter, "My father let the prisoner live' Powhatan raised his daughter, and the captive, scarcely yet assured of safety, from the earth. Shortly after Powhatan dismissed Capt. Smith with assurances of friendship, and thu next morning, accompanied with a guard of twelve men, he arrived safely at Jamestown, after a captivity of seven weeks. In 1609, circumstances having arisen to interrupt the friendly dispositions of Powhatan towards the colony, he plotted their entire destruction. His design was to attack them unapprised, and to cut them effaca blow. In a dark stormy night, the heroic

Pocahontas hastened alone to James-,Uliw knew notbiDg of his fate, diurnally fop town and dsclosed the inhuman plot offour wbo!a Vfari in ,pi,e of colJ or wet At

ner iatner. ine colony was thus put on their guard, and their ruin averted. It may be interesting to add concerning Pocahontas, that some time after a r . m l this she was married to an English gentleman, by the name of Rolfe. with whom 6he visited England. She embraced the christian religion, and was baptised by the name of Rebecca. She left one Fon,who had several daughters,

the descendants of whom inherited her!of fha Commonwealth in this place wasdiscov.

lands in Virginia, and are among thelercd t0 be 0D fiie' aDd before the 5,Dea cou,d most respectable families in that State. SotMfo ,he P,ace' lb "bofcof thereof abof the collar beams was in fiamet, and very Mtla

Ohio. In 1802, this State was admitted by act of Congress, as an independent state into the Union. Tt;. c derived its name from the iich sweeps the southeasthe state. t was inhabited only by . w Moravian?, and tresspassers on land, elonging to the public. By virtue of her charter, the territory was claimed by Virginia, and held by her, although the original charter of Connecticut, extending west to the Paci fic Ocean, including a great part of U In 1781, the Legislature of Virginia ceded to the United States all her rights to the territory northwest cf the river Ohio, except 6ome few military tracts. In 1788, the first settlement was begun at Marietta, under Gen. Rufus Putnam, from New-England. It had been, the year before, erected into one district, including the present terntori86 of Michigan, Illinois, and Indiana. Until 1795, the settlement of Ohio was retarded by constant wars with the Indians. But at that time, a general peace with the different tribes, being efietUf) Geo Wayne, uuder Waih-J

ington, the population of the territory

rapidly increased by emigrations irom Europe, and still more fromN. England. Mississippi This State was acknowl edged by congress as sovereign and independent, and was admitted to tne Union in 1817. The first European, who visited the present state of Mississippi, appears to have been Ferdinand de Soto, a native of Badajoz, in Spain, who landed on the coast of Florida on the 25th of May. 1539. He spent three years in the coun try searching for gold, but at length died and was buried on the hanks of the Mississippi river, May 1542. In 1683, M. de Salle descended the Mississippi and gave the name of Louisiana to the country. In consequence of this, the French claimed to have jurisdiction over it. In 1716, they formed a settlement at the Natchez, and built a fort, which they named Rosaile. Other settlements were effected in subsequent years, me trencn seuiemeius weref however, seriously distui bed by the In dians particularly by the Natchez once the most powerful of all the southern) tribes. The French retained an acknowledged title to the country, on the east side of the Mississippi,untilthe treaty of 1763, when they ceded their possessions, east of that river, to the English. By the treaty of 1783,Great Britain relii quished the Floridas to Spain, without specific boundaries; and at the same tin.e, ceded to the United Statesall ihe country north of the thirty-first degree oi latitude. The Spaniaids retained possession of the Nalchc z and the ports north of the thirty-first degree of latitude, until 1793, when they finally abandoned them to the United States. In the year lCO,the territory between the Mississippi and the western beui dary oi Georgia w as erected into a ditii.et territorial government. By treaty in 1801, at fort Adams, the Choctaw Indians relinquished to the United States a large body of lai d, and other cessions have since been made. On the 1st of March, 1817, congress authorized the people of the western part of Mississippi territory to forma constitution and state government. A convention met in July 1817, by which a constitution w as formed, Canine FiJdity About the time ef the last persecution of the Protesting in France, ata officer ef that persuasion waa ahut up in lb dungeon at Yiocennea. Ha wished much to have bis dog admitted with him; it wan grey houod, which he bad reared. This innocent request bing refused, the dog, though turned out of the fortress, watched an opportunity or tha fallowing day, and re-entered rci'bin tba innermost court, tha master Has confined ia one of the lower cells, the window vf which, was near the ground, and the animal appeared at it and was recoun ted. He came to th bars and visited hia unhappy truster, whose re length the otlicer was let at liberty, returned home, and died in a few months afterwards. The dog again returned to Vtncmnas, taking up its dwelling with an outer turnkey, and freqaently going to tha window, where it sat fop i hours gazing in tain for iti master, uatd death terminated ita career. Lexington t January 19. On Wednesday morning last, about 9 o'clock, the Branch Hank hope entertained by any of saving the bousa but from the promptness of the firemen, aided by the activity of several citaeos who aicended to the roof on the inside, and opened a way through which the engines could play, the firfc was instantly checked, and ia less than an boot completely controlled. Gazttte Natspapen in Scookk Schoohnaitep near Concord Mass ichusetta, bat introduced Newspapers iuto bis school to form part cf tha studies ot his pupils: This strikes us (say the xN'ew York Enquirer,) at being not only original, but a useful device Something nev and interesting is afforded to the boy, whilst they are exercised in the practical application of their geographical and historic! studies. A boy who can go thro a single newspaper, (advertisements included) and satisfactorily rX plain ita contents, has made no mean advances in various kinds of knowledge. A Rapartee. While Napoleon was yet a subaltern in the army, a Russian lScer with much self-sutikiencv remarked, "that his country fought for glory, and the French for gain." "You are per fectly right," answered Napoleon, for every one fighti that nbiah ho doe not DQgeii'f

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