Indiana Palladium, Volume 3, Number 1, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, 13 January 1827 — Page 1

EQUALITY OF RIGHTS IS NATURE'S PLAN AND FOLLOWING NATURE 13 THE MARCH OF MAN. Barlow Volume III. LAWkENCEBURGH, INDIANA; SATURDAY, JANUARY 13, 1327. Number 1.

SPEECH OF Mr. BASSE T71, Oa the Resolution off red by Mr. Craig res. pecting the Governor. Mr. Bass tt, -aid 'hat the importance of the subj -ct before the House would he a sufficient excuse for his asking their attention, while he assigned his reasons, for the vote he was about to give. It is a question of vital interest to the country, and ought to be viewed in that cool and dispassionate manner which its merits deserve. He re retted the wide range which had been indulged in this discussion, and Mill more the feeling and personal references which were manifested in the debates of yesterday, when this question was under consideration. H' totally disclaimed every feeling of a personal nature, in the few observations he should make iu referrence to his vote on

this subject. There are said Mr. Basset l (wo dis tinct propositions, which present them selves for particular examination: First, does a mere appointment by the 1 residentof the United States constitute an office within the meaning of the consfitutionjand secondly, have this house the power crt the subject, supposed by the resolution now before it? To these two propositions he asked the serious attention of the house. la the construction to he given to any public instrument, it is of importance, if possible, to learn the intention of the framers f that instrument ; the objects they had in view, the rights they meant to establish, and the privileges they intended to protect. In order, sir, fully to understand the constitution of this State, and be enabled to comprehend the views of the convention which framed it, referrence must be had to th? time when it whs done, to the history of those days, the situation of the country, both as it respected its characteras an independent state, and its relation to the Federal Government. It will be necessary to examine the Censtiiution of the United Stales, and the political views of the Americafi statesmen at the period when it was formed. Without referring to the man) particulars whicii mark the strong features of the history of that day, it cannot escape the notice of every one who is in theleast degree conversant with it, ihat in the formation of the Federal G overnment, the whole country was divided into the two gre;it political parties. The one for a consolidated government, the other for maintaining iu the fullest extent, the entire independence of the several states, as far as consistent with maintaining u iion and harmony among the several parts. Fortunately for this country and the world, the latter principle prevailed, and to that will posterity attribute, more than to any other feature of the givernment, the purity and duration of its republican institutions. And should ever the liberties of this country he destroyed, it will by gradual undermining the independence of the

states, by the increasing power, and in-'on

direct influence of the national govern ment. But notwithstanding the extreme iealousv of the framers of the U. States'

constitution and the great caution usediplain as language can express, to theiage of the Csrsars, ikJuv'igts Massi!iamcouuTy cannot adopt a greater error,! cmpse and n mate the tee.irgs. 1 his to guard against all encroachments onjprson who holds the office of Governor,- embark for Massilia had became a tnan D' recommending to his patient aj however, is mere matter of speculation; state rights; y et it was unavoidable that so long as you stand aloof from any pa-! proverb to express the extreme of de- triP to "!he $outl of France." The sicka'ld l isar (rom ni) intention to contend extensive power, should be given, and tronage under the General Govenrnent,: baucbery and licentiousness. man, on his arrival, finds the tract of,tna in certaln cases a change of climate

ext-nsive patron.ig; conferred upon the!

chief executive of the nation; a patron-ldiana, hut the moment you accept any abounds in incident. A people naturally a kind of "crra incognita" lying someag; wiiich the greatest patriots dreaded, appointment by the authority of the of a warm temperament, subject to sal-; here between the Pyrennees and the and which they foresaw would endanger United States, your office is vacated, you lies of pasrion, and fond of freedom, have Maritime Alps, but in other respects as

the liberties of their country. . The same spirit ofjealousy and dread ot power, which was so manifest in the framers of the federal compact, appears to have had a powerful operation on the minds of those who composed our state convention and unquestionably gave rise to that clause io the constitution now un der consideration. The members of that convention had witnessed for several year, the operation of the federal government, its steady march to power and frequent triumphs over state sovereignty and state rights. They had witnessed the baneful effect of e xecutive influence and patronage, and beheld with astonishment its active operation in all the departments of both national and state governments, controlling as it were bv mvstery and enchantment the entire political destinies f some of the states. The more dangerous were its operations as they were rilent and unseen by the public eye. It was like the pestilence which walkcthin darkness that it may destroy at noonday. They saw that the numerous appointments within the gift of the President enabled him to keep a host of dependants, and to gratify a numerous swarm of ambitious and aspiring office hunters, whose sole object is to live in the sunshiue of power, at the expense I

of the public interest. They could not but rellect also, that the President was

constituted the commander in-chief of the army and navy of the United Stales, and they were about to confer (he same power on their Governor, over the mili lia of this state. Let, then, the President have the power of conferring fa vors upon your executive, and it is easy. to foresee the union that will soon take place. They will go hand in hand in their march to power. Guii and receiving as it may best suit their interest and motives of ambition, until the inde pendence of the states and your liberties are trodden under loot by a gigantic and consolidated power, and in probability a military despotism. Ail this must have passed in review before the framers of your constitution against it they were cautious to guard. They meant at least to preserve, if possible, one department of the government against this deadly poison. For this purpose, and to effect this object, was the 5th section ot the 4th article in our constitution adopted ; which declares that no person, holding an office under the United States, shall exercise the office of Governor. Bui gentlemen have said, that the appointment of Mr. Ray as diplomatic agent to treat with the Indians is not an office within the meaning of the constitution. That to create an office, there must be a commission with the seal of state affixed, and the appointment sanctioned by the Senate. In support of this position several author ities have been cited. This, sir, if it proves any thing, proves too much for the gentleman. The dan ger does not arise from the mariner or form of the appointment. It is from the office itself; the influence it may give, and the power it may confer. Is the danger less, when the appointment is made, at the will of the President, and solely at his pleasure, than when it passes the ordeal of the Senate and receives their sanction? The principle for which the gentlemen contend, would prostrate all your republican institutions, and prove that power lodged in the hands of a single individual, is less to be dreaded, than in that body which has been created, as the representatives of state sovereignty, and as a check upon executive influence. It is preferring power to liberty , monarchy to republicanism. The framers of the constitution have not lefi this subject in the dark-thev have n - plained their own language in a manner not to be mistaken. In the several sections which have been read and which it is unnecessary to repeat, the term office, is applied to every person w ho exercises any public employment, even of minor consequence, without any distinction of grade or mode of appointment, for trustees of towns, are called offices in the language of the constitution. Li the clause under consideration the term is used in its most unqualified sense. If was intended there should be no doubt the subject, no room for quibbling about words, no subterfuge for the most fastidious critic. Irs language is "touch not. handle not." It says in words as you are the Governor of the state of In-t are no longer Governor, you are the servant of another government, and not. of j uie. ireemen ot iouiaua. mere is another position, on which the gentlemen have attempted to support their opposi-

tion to the resolution on the table. They was foremost of the league. In the Jat-jtake up a guide-book, or "set about makrefer to former practice in this state, and ter part of the 16th century a populating oral inquiries he will perceive that in some other states, which have similar leader named Bayou, a native of Corricajno two authorities agree that one comprovisions incorporated m their constitu-'Jike bis still more celebrated successor,'; plains of the scorching dryness of the tions, as precedents in justification of the relieved tru city from the odious duum-(?mira at Marseilles, and another of the conduct of Mr. Ray. Precedent oftcnirate of Ca-auix and Louis of Aix, by dampness of the mcrin or sea-wind at proves too much. Ii shows the extcnt'an act of gallantry and patriotism whichtMontpelier. But what is still worse, the of the evil and that U is continually gain-jacquired for him the title of "Liberator" patient after an actual trial of all the ing strength. It shows an additional ne-jof hi country. The gratitude of his climates of "the South of France," ifincessity of putting a stop to the practice;; fellow-citizens dire cte d his bust to be'jdecd he live to go the rounds and make

and placing a barrier between the con-,

stitution and this torrent of intrigue and, and the king contented with the people corruption. jjn loading his name with honors. His The gentlemen have further said, that fame is still cherished, and his memory should it appear, that the acceptance ofi revered bf his enthusiastic countrymen.

this appointment was unconstitutional, and that Mr. Ray could not subsequently thereto exercise the office of Governor; yet this was not the mode to be pursued in order to determine the question. That he must he impeached before this House could notice the subject. The gentleman are as much mistaken on this point, as on every other assumed. The consti'ution supposes some misdemeanor some delinquency, or corruption in office as the foundation of an impeachment.

Here was no crime in Mr. Rav r.o mis

demeanor. The President had a righ to appoint Mr. Ray had a right to at cept. For what then could this Ii u prefer articles of impeachment?' On what would thev be founded? The high court of impeachment cannot notice any act of Usurpation in onice It has not cogni zance ot the ottence. I he judgment ot the court cannot extend further than re moval from office and disqualification. Should the couit then decide that the acceptance of the appointment by Mr. K..V, Has within the meaning of the con stitution a d an absolute vacation of the office ol Governor: this judgment itself, could show that they would have nothing to do with the subject, Mr. Ray being out of office, and not amenable to the court of impeachment. It he has been guilty of usurpation, he is only amenable to another and different tribunal. What then is the duty of this House? Can they as the guardians of the consti tution, recogniz as Governor a man, whom the constitution has said shall not exercise me duties oi me oincer it is their duty as faithful representatives t preserve inviolate the sacred charter of the rights of their constituents. Extract from Carter's Letters, Published in the New York brateeman. The history of Marseilles i? full of interest. Its origin borders on romance. Six hundred years before the christian area, a band of piratical adventurers from I: dia, in Asia Minor, by dint of superior skill in nav igatirn, pui (I their discoveries to the north of the Rhone. Charmed with the white cliffs, green vales, blue waters, and bright skies, which they here fou. d, they returned to their native country and puruaded a colonv to follow th m to the barbarous shores of Gaul, bearing with them their religion, language manners and customs. On the very day of their arrival, (so says tradition.) the daughter of the native hief was to c hoose a husband, and her affections were placed on one of the leaders of the polished emigrants. The friendship of the aborigines was conciliated by marriage, and their rude manners were softened oy the refinement of their new allies in war, and their new associates in peace. In arts and arms the emigrants soon acquired the ascendency, and the most musical, of all the frrnek rlia lorts f how imliLe 1 hp hn rb:i rniu Patois of the l)reseilt df4, u u beCame thf, prevailing language of the colony. - - - From this little band of adventurers, in the wilds of a remote and unc ivilized country sprung a powerful nation which rivalled Athens itself in the wisdom of its laws, the prudence of its councils, and the elegance of its letters. So celebrated were its schools of learning and phi losophy, accompanied by sober habits) and pure morals, that Rome he l self in the age of Cicero did not disdain to call Mas-ilia a sister city, and to send her Patrician vouth to be educated in one of

her provinces. But as in all other cases,; h) and without a fatiguing journey ; as wealth led to luxury, and luxury toacor-!a,so tnt' waI,t of comfort in the domestic

rnnifi -JC f ni de lino of this nmd tx. tlu.t in th,.! ........... ... ......... v.. . '-ll'l.JIOtll' The modern historv of Marseillpr: ahn frequently manifested a restless spirit; and spumed the yoke of theiropnresors. ft is well known, that for a considerable .time a kind of confederated reoublic was established in Provence, when Marseilles placed in the great hall ofthe town house,1 The part which Marseilles took in the French revolution is too well known to my readers to require a recapitulation. Unfortunate in some respects as was the issue of that great contest for liberty, an intelligent citizen of this town informed me, that the value of property has increased fifty per cent, since the beginning of the present century; that the prostration of overgrown landed estates produced an entirely new era in agriculture, that manufactures and the useful

arts have advanced with unexampled rapidity within the last twenty-five years; and that the revolution, with all its bloodshed and its licentiousness, gave an activity, an impulse to national industry , which the calm of despotism could never have awakened. I find the more satisfaction in recording this opinion, because

it favors the great principles of liberty, and because I have been inclined to the belief, that considering the excesses and the ineffectual struggles of the French revolution, it ought to viewed rather as a misfortune than a blessing to Europe, since the result might discourage any fu ture efforts to be fiee. What prosperity. greatness, and glory would have awaited France, had Napoleon, instead cf aspiring to the imperial purple and thereby reducing his character to the level of other despots, imitated the example of Washington and Bolivar, by directing his ambition to the establishment of the liberties ot his country. In the history of Marseilles, the frequent v isitations of the plague form an interesting item. It has been scourged not less than twenty times by this awful calamity, sometimes losing half of its pop ulation. From July 1720 to May 1721, about forty thousand persons died ot this disease at Marseilles, and as many more in the neighboring villages producing a degree of depopulation, turn whicl the district had scarcely recovered at the commencement of the French re vclution. The sufferings and horrors with whic h the town was afflicted during the prevalence of the pestilence find no parallel in the epidc mics of our country , ne t even in the ravages of the yellow-ftvei at the close of the last century . A thousand persons sometimes died in a day . The living were not sufficient to bury the dead, and the streets were strewed with corses mangled with dogs. Physicians were wholly ignorant of the proper mode of treatment, acd themselves fell victims to the disease. In a word, the vivid picture which Thucvdidcs has drawn of the same scourge at Athens, was here realiz d. The visitation and mortality of the Plague cannot fairly be ascribed to the climate of Marseilles. Iu every instance, its origin was clearly traced to vessels? which brought it from the east. The alarming calamity of 1720 led to the establishment of lazerettoes and quarantine regulations, by which a repetition of the evil has since been averted, although infected ships have been allowed to enter the bay . In general, the climate of this c ity may be consideied healthy , though in my opinion, very unfavorable to person? afliicted with pulmonary affections. The air is e xtremely dry, and during the; prevalence of the jntstral, harsh chilling and piercing. Even the natives are sub ject to pectoral complaints, inflammatory rheumatism, pleurisy, and spitting ot blood. Add to the unfavorableness ef the climate, the difficulty of reaching it by water without a long quarantine, or arrangement of houses, fire ulacss and C I" - carpets and I believe a physician in our!

country designated by the foreign phraseimay Ro1 be "'hly conducive to health

vague as the poet s "North "At Iceland, Greenland, cr the Loid knows w here. If in this state of distraction and cm bairassmenk the unhannv invalid shall the experiment, will learn that none of them are free "from obvious objections, and that it requires the strength of a man in full health, to endure the fatigues of a ride from place to place, to resist the changes of weather, and to Bleep in chambers with plastered w alls, naked brick or stone floors, and an apology for a fire. The truth is, that the climate ofthe south of France is only relatively good good m comparison with the winter fogs of England; and hence the error. Our physicians have in too many cases adopted the advice of those of Gieat Britain, without taking the foregoing circumstances into view. After much inquiry and actual or?ervatiozijmy opinion deci

dedly is, that the climate of many parts of our own oiintry, and partii ularly of the West Ii dies, is far more -favourable to invalids than any I have yet found in Europe. As this is a subject of some little importance to our country n en, I shall be excused for citing one or two cases i ut

ot nsanv, in justificatir-n of my opinion. The ciicumstarcs which atttitlrd the recent de ath of on of the most e minent citizens of New Jersey are probably fresh in the minds of many of my readers. After a long and fatiguing passage, he arrived at the port of Marseilles, w here he was compelled to undergo a quarantine of something like forty days, cut clT irorn the society of friends and the comforts of life. At lait permitted to'lar.d he sought in vain for the fountains ol Hygela amidst the arid hills el Provei ce and ihe dusty valley of the Rhone. He pursued the goddess to her cocl retreats in t tie north; but the fatigues of a lor g journey prostiate d hh strength, and at Pari he e xpired amoi g strangers, instead of quietly closing his txisui.ee in the fcogom of his ow n family. Another case, va hich Ihope n av prove Irss fatal, has fallen urdei my ewr observation. On arriving at MaiM illes, we fcuid within two doors of our hotel, . friend frcm N w York, who is travelling for his health. His phy sician advised him to take retuge for the winter in the South of France , whither he hastened tit m Paris by , the way of Lyons. 1 he journey was perfoinied in the cildest veaiher m the month of January, in a reach which travelled day and right. Such a jaunt is enough to kili a well man and it is rtxt to a n ii; cle that an irvalid3 laboring under a severe; aflection of ihe lungs, should survive the icy winds frcm the Alps. He was in truth hut just alive on his arrival; and nothing hut the akill of nn eminent physician, and the unremitted attentions of ore of the kindest families in the w orld, apparently resc ued him frcm the grave. We broke ii upon the solitude ot his chamber, finding him seated before a Frerch fire, making the most of the rugot his hearth, and lamentit g the folly of those w ho adopt such mensuies for the restoration of health. I have almost become so far a sceptic and a fatalist to believe it impossible to escape death by flight to a foreign shore If an invalid can find no remedy for his maladies amidst the comforts and consolations of home, in the air he has been accusumed to breath frcm childhood, in the elements with which his system is familiarized, in the prescription ot physicians who are acquainted with his constitution and te n. arament, in the pleasures of society, and the cheerful faces of his friends what is he to expect frcm the innovations of new climates, ne w modes of living, new physicians, and the external solitude of strange faces? Every medical man well know s how indispensable quietude of mind is to ths convalescence of the body; and it need scarcely be added, that nerves enfeebled and rendered more sensitive by disease, are ill at ease in a strange land, where a hundred . ..... llU,e circustnnecs will daily occur to dis-Four-footed Printers. Wronuerful improvements seem to be making in the art of printing. Mr. Fanshaw, at th? Tract Society Office, has two Jackasses employed as pressmen; and they are now labouring in that capacity with great assiduity and success This we at first thought a great novelty, but we have been since informed that it is by nomeans uncommon for animals of this kiarj to be connected with the press. P. A'. Refiec. The Gtneva P'ad The persons ipl'cated ia the carrying off of tla'am MSan ff0m Ctioatbua jail, were indicted by the Ontario county Grand Jury, last week. There were three indictments Ona for "a cmtpiracy to commit William Morgan One for "assault and false in priaonment and riot." And ona "for liiluapp ing or carrying William Morgan tflf and scrtting him in parti and places unknown. Tne trial will be sit the oyer and terminer, io January. Cotton goods, imported into Mfslco, are to be valued, for duty, at fiur and fivt reals per vara. I he real is 12 1-2 cents & 10S varaa aro qnal to ICO yards 'I hua cottons ore valued at 50 and C2 t-2 cnfs per vara; the duty on importation is 25 per cnt. on the valuation, and 25 per cent, wore is chaiged when they aro sent into the interor duty the o on cotton goucis which cost 12 or 15 cnts per yard in the United States, ia iron25 to 3 1-14 cents per yard C (250 per cent, oa the prime cot. A'iks.

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