Indiana Palladium, Volume 2, Number 51, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, 30 December 1826 — Page 1

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EQUALITY OF RIGHTS IS NATURE'S PLAN AND FOLLOWING NATURE IS THE MARCH OF MAN.Barlovy. Volume II. LAWRENCEBURGf, INDIANA; SATURDAY, DECEMBER 30, 182G. Number 51.

P RUSTED J1XD PUBLISHED SPEJWEH. I). V ( ULI.KYs & co. 0. every Saturday Morning.

. 4.U OLl Of the Pres lent of the United Slates, communicated to the Senate and House of Representatives, nt the commnceuif nt of ihe Second Jvssion of the Nineteenth Con-ress. Fellow Citizens nf the Senate, and of the House of Representatives: ' The assemblage of iiie K nre.enia lives of our Union in both Houses of. Congress at this time-occurs umb-r cumstances calling for the renewed homage of our grateful acknowledgements to the Giver of all Good. With the exceptions incidental to the most felicitous condition of human existence, we continue to be highly favored in all the elements which contribute to individual comfort and to national prosperity. In the survey of our extensive country, we have generally to observe abodes of health and regions of plenty. In our civil and political relations, wo have peace without, and tranquility within, our borders. We are, as a people, increasing with unabated rapidity in population, wealth, and national resources; tie.d whatever differences of opinion exist among us, with regard to the mode and the means by which we shall turn the beneficicnce. of Heaven to the improvement of our own condition there- is yet a spirit, animating us all, which will not suffer (he bounties of Providence to be showered upon us in vain, but will receive them with grateful hearts, and apply them with unwearied hands, to the advancement of the general good. Of the subjects recommended to the consideration of Congress at their last S .i!n,some were then definitively at ted upon. Others left unfinished, but partly matured, will recur to your attention attention, without needing a renewal of notice from me. The purpose of this comrimr.ifaiion will he, to present to your viw, the general aspect of our pub lic iffiirs at this moment, and the meas ure which have been taken to carry into effct the intentions of the Legislature ns signified by the laws then and heretofore enacted. In our intercourse with the other nations of the earth, we have still the happiness of enjoying peace and a general good understanding qualified, however in several important instance, by collision of interest, and by unsatisfieej claims of justice, to the settlement of which, the constiiu;ional interposition of the legislative authority may become ultimate!) indispensable. By the decease of the Emperor Alexander of Russia, which occurred cotemporaucously with the commencement of the last Session of Congress, the United otates have been deprived of a long tried, stead), a id faithful friend. Born lo the inheritance of absolute power, and train ed in the school of adversity, fmm which no power on earth, however absolute, is exempt, that monarch, from his vouth.

had been taught to feel the force andiyears, when the discriminating princi-

and value ! public opinion, and to be; se, -nie that the interests of his own g vernment would best be promoted by a frank and friendly intercourse with tliis republic, as those of his people Would be advanced bv a liberal commera . ....

ci il intercourse with our country. A Congress of the 7th of January, 1 82 1, candid and confidential interchange ofiall discriminating duties in the" U tiled Sentiments between him and the Gov m! States were again suspended, so far as m at of the U. Stales, upon the affairs! related to the vessels and produce of the of Southern America, took nlace at a do-! Netherlands, so lonn- as the rpcinrnr.il

r ? c -.w..... nod not long pre ceding his demise, andjexemption should he extended to the

contributed to lix that course of policy j which left to the other governments of

LuDpeno alternative but that ot soonerjact provides that in the event of a resto-

or 1 iter recog iz;ng the independence of our southern neighbors, of which the example had, by the United State-s, already been set. The ordinary diplomatit: communications between his succe-ssor the Emperor Nicholas, and the United States, have suflcred some interi upfion by the illness, departure, and subsequent decease of his minister re-iding here. xvho enjoyed, as he merited, the entire confidence of his new sovereign, as he had eminently responded to that of his predecessor. But we have had the most satisfactory assurances, that the sentiments of the reigning Emperor towards the United States are altogether confor mable to those which had so long and constantly animated his imperial brother; and we have reason to hope that they will serve to cement that harmony and yood understand g between the two nations, which, founded in congenial in terests, cannot but result in the advance meat of the welfare and prosperity of! com.

Our relations. of commerce and navigation with France are, by the operation of the Convention of 24th June, 1 822, with that nation, in a Mate of gradual and progressive improvement. Convinced, I)) all our experience, no less than by the principles of fair and liberal reciprocity, which the United States have constantly tendered to all the nations of the earth, as the rule of commercial intercourse which they would universally prefer, that fair and equal competition is most conducive to the inter

ests of iWh parties, f J UnMed State, it) the negotiation of that Convention ear cii-iucstlv contended for a mutual rcnuncia lion of discriminatiiigduties &. charges it the portsof (he t wo countries. Unable to obtain the immediate recognition of this principle in its full extent, after reducing the duties of discrimination, as far as was found attainable, it was agreed that, a; the expiration of two years from the 1st of October, 1822, when tl.e Convention was to go into effect, unless a note of six months on either side should be siven to the other, that the Convention itself must terminate, those duties should be reduced bv one-fourth; and that this reducHon should be yearly repeated until all discrimination should cease, while the Convention itself sheuld continue it; force. By the effect of this stipulation, three-fourths of the discriminating duties which had been levied by each partv upon vessels of the other in its ports, have already been removed ; and, on the 1st of next October, should the Convention be still in force, the remaining fourth will be discontinued. French vessels, laden with French produce, will be received in our ports on the same term a our own, and ours, in return, will ei.joy the same advantages in the ports of France. By these approximations to an equality of duiies and of charge?;, not only has the commerce h -'.ween the two countries prospered, hut friendly dispositions have been, on both sides encouraged and promoted. They will continue to be cherished and cultivated on tinpart of ihe United Slates. It would have been gratifying to have had it in m power to add, that the claims upon the jusiice of the French Government, involving the properly and the comfortable subsistence of many of our fellovvci: z s, and which have been so long and so earnestly urged, were in a more promising train of adjustment than at your last meeting; but their condition remains unaltered. With the Government of the Netherlands, the mutual abandonment of discriminating duties had been regulated by Legislative acts on both sides. The act of Congress of the 20th of April, 1813 abolished all discriminatiiigduties of Impost and Tonnage, upon the vessels and produce of the Netherlands in the ports of the United States, upon the assurance given by the Government of the Netherlands, that all such duties operating against the shipping and commerce of the United States, in that Kingdom, had been abolished. These reciproc al reg ulations had continued in force several pie was resumed by the Netherlands in a new and indirect form, by a bounty of ten per cent, m the shape of a return of duties to their national vessels, and in which those of the United States are not per mitted to participate. By the act of vessels and produce of the United States and in the Netherlands. But the s ime ration of discriminating duties, to operate against the shipping and commerce of the United States, in any ot the foreign countries referred to therein, the suspen sion of discriminating duties in favor of the navigation of such foreign country should cease, and all the provisions of the acts imposing discriminating foreign tonnage and impost duties in the United SUtes, should revive and be in full force with regard to that nation. Io the correspondence with the Gov ernment of the Netherlands upon this subject, they have contended that the favor shown to their own shipping bv this bounty upon their tonnage, is not to be considered as a discriminating duty. But it cannot be denied that it produces all the same ellects. Had the mutual abolition been stipulated by treaty, such a bounty upon the national vessels could scarcely have been granted consistently w ith good faith. Yet, ns the act of Con gress of 7th of January , 1824, has not expressly authorised the Executive nu-

thorit) to determine what shall be sidored as a revival of discriminating

duties by a foreign Government to the disadvantage of the United States, and as the retaliatory measure on our part, however jut and neccssarv, may tend ratherto that conflict of legislation which we deprecate, than to that conceit to which we invite all commercial nations, as most conductive to their interest and our own. I have thought it more consistent with the spirit of our institutions to refer the subject again to the paramount authority" of the legislature 1 decide what measure the emergent may require, than abruptly, by precis. -mation, to carrv into fleet the tnii.atorv provision of the act of 1821. Duri: g the last session of Congress. Treaties of Ami) , Navigation, and Commerce, were negotiated and signed ai il is place with the Government of Denmark, in Europe, and with the Federation of Central America, in this hemis phere. These treaties then received the constitutional sanction of the Senate.! by the advice and consent to their ratification. They were accordingly ratified' on the part of the United Stales, and, during the recess of Congress, have been also ratified by the other respective contracting parlies. The ratifications have been exchai got', they have been published by Proclamations', copies of w hich are herewith communicated to Congress. These Treaties have established bet w een the contracting parti s the principles of equality and reciprccily ii !h ii broadest and most liberal extent: Each party admitting the esseds of the othe r into its pons, laden with cargoes tht - produce: er mai Uiaciure oi r.i.v quai ;ei d

of the globe, upon the pn meet of the'mancnt atiju-trn nt of this interest, to

ssime duties of tonnage ai d impost (ha are thai gt able up"i iheir own. They have further stipulated, that the paities shall hcrcaftci grant no f.uor of navigation or commerce to at v other naiion which shall not, upon the seme terms, be granted lo tach other; and that neither party will impose up n artic h s of merchanefist , if it- pro, hi'e or ni;naactuie ol the; other, any other or highei elulit thai upon the like arth.Je,?, heingthe ptoduce or mnnufai tuie of any othei country. To these piii tipLs there is, in the Convention with Denmark, an exception, with regai d to the Coloi ies of that Kingdom in the Art tic sea, but none with re gard to her Colonies in the West Indies. In the course of the last summe r, the1 term to which our 1.11 Cerumen ial Treaty with Sweden was hmiicd, has e -spired. A continuation ot it is in the contemplation of the Swedish Government, ar e! is believed to be desirable on the part of the United State?, h has been proposed bv the King of Sweden, that nendit g the

negotiation oi renewal, tne rxpireel:?uu ' lJl JM " lj u,,- 11 " u' tJt l u Treaty should be mutually co- sideredlexPfJiit nt to uai( esult of that i.eas still in force; a measure which will 'gotiation, rather than to subscribe imrequire the saction of Congress to be! itJ) to lerms the import of w hie ;! was carried in:o effect on our part, and whichjhot cleai, and which the British authorI therefore recommend lo your consid-j 6 themseU e s, in this hemisphe re, were eration. hf prepared to explain. With Prussia, Spain, Portugal, and in Immediate ly after the close of the last general all the European Powers, be-! Sesion of Congress, one of our most distvveen whom and the United States rchi- ll"r!u,a1; ,! eiliz -ns was despatched a tions of friendly intercourse have existed j Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plentheir condition has not materially variediipote,liiry to Great Britain, furnished since the last session of Congress. re-J with instructions which w e could not gret not to he able to say thesame ofour'dUMt would lead to a conclusion of this commercial intercourse with the Colo-bg controverted interest, upon tern s nial Possessions oi'Great Britain in Amer-'cceptable to Great Britain. Upon his ica. Negoti.ttions of the highest impor-,arriVil, Jl'jd before he had delivered his tance to our common interests have been! letters of credence, he w as met by an for several y ears in discussion between Order of the Biitish Council, excluding, the two Governments; and on the part of frcm ad after the first of December now the United States have been invariably current, the vessels of the United States

pursued in the spirit of candor and con-; ciliation. Interests of greatest magr.i-

tude and delicacy had been adjusted byjon our I -'THores. In answer to his the Conventions of 1815 and 1 BIG, whife'expastulations upon a measure thus 1111that of 1G22, meditated by the late Ern-!eM; ('ted, he is informed that, according peror Alexander, had promised a satis-'0 lne ancient maxims of policy of Eurofactory compromise of claims which the' rf'an nations h.av i: g colonies, their trade Government of the United States in ju?-!3 an exclusive possession of the mother tice to the rights of a numerous dass of country. That all participation in il by their citizens, w as bound to susiain. But ",ner nations, is a boon or favor not

with regard to the commercial in.ercourse between the United Slates and

the British Colonics in Anic-i "::, it has tMe Power owning the colony. That the been hitherto found i!:m:a( li able to' British Government, therefore , declines bring the parties to -in i!aIt'is;a:idingsal-hegotiating concerning it; and that, as iifaetorv to both. Th- relative geograph- the Uuited States did not forthwith acical position, and re 5pective nroducts!crrt purely and simply the terms offered ofnalMie culiiv.iieti by human industry j by the Act of Parliament, of July, 1S25, had t -".stituted ih? elements of a rom-'Gr-eait Britain would not now admit the

mercial intercourse between the United! States zvd Biltisli America, insular and continental, important to the inhabitants of both countries. But it has been interdicted by Great Britain, upon a principle heretofore practised upon by the ce. Ionizing nations of Europe, of holding the trade of their colonies each in exclusive monopoly to herself. After the termination of the bio w?.r. the interdict ion had

con-jbeen revived, and the British Govern j nation, holding Colonies, negotiate with meet cl f lint d including this portion ofiother nation?, and grant thi n ., fret'!y,nd

our lt.tiicoursr with her gposics?un lithe negotiation of the Convention of 1815. The trade was the n can i. d on i xclusivelv in British vessels, till the act of Congress conrernit g navigation, oft

1818, ai d the supplemental nit ol 1820.;( eloi us ot mi re than one ot them ry i.et the interdict by a cei respondii gj Tieaty. Tbi refusal, how ever of Gicat

met the middle I ny a ceiresf measure on the part of the Unite a State?. These measures not ol retahatn r. but ot necessary slf-deferce, wcie stonsmceede d by an act of Parliament, epei i; g certain colonial ports to the v'st Is of (he- ':.l',rC S:iii'N n.ivh i-. di'eeih inr :! t n ,;-r.u to the impi i tatien ; itr.il: m of certain uith.les el our produc t , cur if red with hcay dutie-, and scludmg some of the most valuahh aniens of oui xpr.rtf. The United S.alea e arned i heir ports to British es.-els front the Colonies, upon terms as exactly i t i n s ponding wth those of the Act of Parliament, ns, m the relative r.o?r.ici oi the partie s, could be made. Ai d a negotiation was commenced by mutual consent, with the hope, on oar part that a reciprocal spirit of accommodation ai d a common sentiment of the importance ot the trade to the interests of the inhabitants of the two countries, bet w e en whom it must be carried on, would ultimately bring the partit - lo a compromise', with which both might be satisfied. With tbi? view, the Gi.ven merit of the United States had determined to sacrifice ?omtihii.g iif that entire leciprocHy which in ail ci n rr-crcial arrange me i ts with For'gn powers, they are' entitled to demard and to r coui- see in some inequalities iisnd'an!a..'et us to oui lvf S, rather than io :o t go me nt-neui ei a inun anu peiihv af !-;:( I ion oi Ureal li i : . i n htiaeif. The nego:iafion, icpeateoly Uspendcd by accidet tnl circumstances, w a, howevit, by muiU I agreement, and express asset)!, considered as pending, anel to be' speeiiiiy resumed. In the meantime, anedhe-r act e.l Parliament, so doubtful and ambiguous in iis import ns to have bej noin derstod by the ( ti'a r in the ( olonit s who were to cam it into e xeeutton, opens again ce-rtain Colonial ports, upon ne w e oi eiifions and terms, with a thre at to close them against any Nation which may ntt accept those tern. s, as nrcsrribed by the British Gov ernment. Thisact pa.cd if July, 1025, not c rr n m icated to tht G ven nientof the United States not u: de rstood by the British Oiiirers of the Customs in the C lorie s v.-lit re it was to be enfoicod, was i t c 1 1 ' 1 1 1 e s submitted to the con- ? idc ration of Corgi ess, at their last session. Wi;h the.hf owiedge ti at a negotiation upon the subject had b i g been in pregn nr-d pledges given oi its ref 1 0:11 a'd the Colonial British ports, exccT'ti. tlne immediately bordering upforming a subject of negotiation, but te ht regulated by the Legislative Acts of, vessels of the United States even upon the terms on which she lias opened them to the navigation of other nations. We have been accustomed to consider the trade which we have enjoyed with the British Colonies, rather as an interchange of mutual benefits, than as a men favor received; that, under every circumstance, we have given an pmple eejuivalent WTc have seen cveryr other

mission TO ine n it'i ics o i it-niy ;anu9 s: far are the olhe r celoi lzii g nations of Eurrpe row In rn refusing to negotiate for trade with their Coh l ies, that wo

ourselves have secured access to the Britain to 1 egenate, leave s tc the Ui Med Suites no other .iernatit than ?: t 3S regulating, or ii terdirtirg, altogt her, the trade on their part, according ufl ci t hoi nf asui may idlect ti e interests o nir t wi ( i urm ; i.rd, with that ixexcliisive ebjei t, 1 wtuld iec rrn ci.d the whole snh'p ct lo your ta'm and cai did deliberatioi s. it is t t ied that cur unavailii g arr lioi.b to at ternplish a cordial gt e d understai eiii g r tl is ii teiest, w ill not havo an ur.piopiiioUs t ffi e t upon the other great topics ot discussion between the two governments. Our North-eastern ai d Nonh wesiern b und; ins are still unadjusted. Thect mmissionrrs under tho 7th article ol the rl n aiy of Ghent have neaily come to the close of iheir labors;; nor can we rene.Uoce the expectation, t nfeebled as it is, that ihey may agree upon their He-port to the satisfaction or aequiescei ct of bclh al lies. The cornmissiont r for liquidating ti e claims for indemnity fr slaves carried away after the close of the war, has been sitiii gp wiih doubtful prospects of sue cess. Propositions of compromise have, how ry pa -setl between the tw G ven mei ts, h result tf w hich, we flattei t urselvt s, n.ay vet prove satisfactory. Our own dispositions and purposes toward Great Britin aie all friei elly and conciliatory ; rcr can we abandon, but with strong reluc tr4i.ee, the belief lhat they will, uliin aiei,me t ta return, not of favors, w hich we re itla r ask nor desire, but of equal recipncity at d good will. With the American Goven ments of this hemisphere we continue to maintain an ii ten urse ah-gcther frier dlv, and bet vi een the ir rations and ouis that conimercial inlerchai ge of whicil mutual benefit is the s,.uuc, ar-d HiUtaal oiiiIcrt and harniony the result, is in a con lineal state of improvement. The war between Spain aid them, since the tot, 4! expulsion of the Spanish military force from their continental territories, ha been little more than nominal; and their internal tanquiliiy, though occasionally menaced bv the agitations which civiC wars never fail to leave behind thenip has not been allected by any sericus calamity. The Congress of Ministers from several of those nations w hich asst mbk u at Panama, after a short se ssion there, ad journed to meet again, at a more favora ble se ason, in the neighborhood of iVUxU co. The decease 01 one of our Ministt rs on his way to the Isthmus, and the impediments of the season, which delayed the? departure of li t other, dt piivctl u f the advantage of being represented at tho first meeting of the Congress. There is however, no reason to believe that any of the transi t lions of the Congress were of a naiure to effect injuriously the interests of the U -i -Ti Stat, or to reepiiie the iuierpc-'ition of u ?linisters, had they been present. Their absence has, indeed deprived us of the opportunity of poss -sing precise and anther tic inforrnuiiun of the treaties which were conclude.-! at Panama; and tl.e whole result bus confirmed me in the conviction oi the expediency to the United States of being represented at the Congress. The surviving member of the Mission, appointed during the last session, has ncrordii rrjy proceede d lo his destination, and a sue c.cssor to his distinguished ami lame, i d associate will be nominated to the Senate. A Treaty of Amity, Navigation, and Commerce, has, in the course of the last summer, been concluded by our Minister Plenipotentiary at Mexico, with the United States of that Cot. A deracy, w hich will also be laid before the Senate for their advice with regard to its ratifi cation. In adverting to the present condition of our fiscal concerns, and to the prospects of our Revenue, the first remark that calls our attention, is, that they are less exuberenily prosperous than they were at the corresponding period of the last year. The severe shock so extensively sustained by the commercial and manufacturing interests in Great Britain, has not been without a perceptible recoll upon ourselves. A reduced importation from abroad is necessarily succeeded by a reduced return to the Treasury at home. The net revenue of die present year will not equal that of ?he last. And the receipts of that which lis to corns will fall short of those in ths