Indiana Palladium, Volume 1, Number 39, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, 30 September 1825 — Page 1

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Equality of rights is nature's plan And following nature is the march of man. Barlow. Volume l.J LAWRENCEBURGH, INDIANA; FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 1825. Number 39.

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED iu.GR2GG Bl D. V. CUZ.X-EY, OX EVERY FRIDAY.

Slcubenville, in Ohio. So called in honor of the famous Pru ssian, General Steuben, who came over to this country to assist the Americans in their struggle for independence. FayctteAllc, on Cape Fear river, North C a ro 1 i n a , an d Fayettev ille. T e n n e s s e e . Na m -ed in memory of the Marquis de Lafayette, who left France at the age of nineteen, and joined the American army during the revolution. Lexington, in Kentucky. 'When the news that the first"' American hlood hid been shed by the English, at Lexington, Massachusetts, reached a small body of hunters bevond the Alleghenies, they called the place of their encampment Lexington, in order to commemorate the important event.' Waynesborough, in Pennsylvania, and in Georgia, were so called in honor of the brave old General Wayne, so famous in Indian wars. Frank! in Tennessee, was named in memory of Doctor Benjamin Franklin, the famous American philosopher. Grccnsburgh, in Kentucky, Greenville, in Indiana, and Greensboro f in Georgia, received their names in memory of the young man who left the Quaker Society, and he

ft court, instead ofjcamc a general in Washington's army. Ugated by a jud'-'e. Saybrook, in Connecticut. The united nnn in m(nt hie names of two of the first settlers in that

state. Lord Sav and Lord Brook. Raleigh. In memory of Sir Walter Raleigh, who was sent to the southern states of America, by Queen Elizabeth.

MnrJu!, nn . the Tea I 1 1 vcr, in tnc "slate i

of Mississippi. The name is taken from the

Hill of Monticcllo. The residence of the

third President of the United States, Tho

mas Jefferson.

Colunras, on the Scioto, in the state of Ohio. Named in honor of the first discoverer of America, Christopher Columbus. America. The name is taken from Americus Vespucius, a navigator who visited the continent after Columbus, and pretended to the discovery of the country. Washington. The Americans have given this name to the capital of the United States, in honor of their Commander in Chief during the Revolution, and their first President, General George Washington. James tjn-n, in Virginia. It was the first English settlement in the United States, and received its name in honor of James the I., who was then the reigning king of England. Charlestons, gu Charles river in Massachusetts. The town and river were so called in remembrance of Charles the First,

origin of names, phrases, and customs. Barber's pole. It was an old superstition that Rome was once delivered from the plague by the god Esculapius, who it was supposed, came there in the form of a serpent, and hid himself among the reeds in an island of the Tiber. Ev er after that, Esculapius was represented with a staff, round which a serpent was wreathed; and his other hand rested on the head of a serpent. They were particularly sacred to him, not only as ancient physicians used them in their prescriptions, but because they were considered as emblems of that prudence and fbre.Mght, which arc so necessary in the profesf'iom of medicine. In former times, surgeons were likewise barbers; and when a man displayed a stall with a twisted snake at his door, it was a token that he cured diseases, as well as shaved beards. Barbers are no longer physicians, but the old sign of Esculapius is still continued. Duelling. In ancient times, if a man

thought himself injured by another, and cai

ried his complaints into

having his wrongs ihvesii

or jury, he was called upon to meet his ene

my with the lance and spear; and it was supposed that he who was victorious, was declared innocent by the voice of Heaven. This ridiculous custom, by which justice was so often overcome by strength and skill, or eluded by accident, continued in France and England as late as the sixteenth century.

We laugh at the idea of settling cases of conscience by the sword; but military wrongs are, to this day, decided by personal combat, under the name of duels. Days of the rvcek. The Sun, Moon, Tuisco, Woden, Thor, Friga, and Seater, were Saxon gods to each of whom one day in the week was consecrated. Sun's day, Moon's day, Tuiscos day, Woden's day, Thor's day, Frigas day, and Seaters day. J fence the names of Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday.

Massachusetts. The land in this state was

mostly purchased of Massasoit, the chief of

the Mount Haup Indians; and the name was

probably taken from his, and gradually changed to Massachusetts.

Vermont. r rom two r rencu worus sigiu-

fying Green Mountains. Connecticut. The name of this state is

probably derived from Cannonicus, an Indi

an sachem, who owned lands on the Connec ticut.

Pennsuhania. This word means thejans fust tried to speak the word English,

From the Pittsburgh Mercury. Pittsburgh has been so prominent in the history of the settlement of the western country, and is now so distinguished by her extensive manufacturing establishments, and highly advantageous position, as the mart of a great interior trade, that an apology is unnesscssary, for occupying a few columns of a newspaper, in diffusing information respecting this city, and the country with which it is more immediately connected. As the principal object the writer has in view is, to contribute something to the fund of general knowledge, facts will be stated, without regard to their systematic arrangement; hap

py if these remarks should draw the attention of some inquiring mind and ready pen,

to the subject of a general developemcnt of improvement of the town. The old maga

zine, w hose massive walls and arched roof of stone, four feet thick, would defy the efforts of time, will, we suppose, ere long be taken down, and every trace of Fort Pitt will be obliterated. The ground on which Pittsburgh stands is an alluvial plain, about 35 feet above the low w ater mark of the river. The town is somewhat of a triangular form, bounded on two sides by the Monongahela and Alleghe-

itains, the neighborhood of ny rivers; and on the other by an abrupt eles believed, was inhabited nrin- vation, called Grant's Hill, so named after

col. urant, who was uetacned Irorn t ort Ee-

its settlement.

Yankees. When the New England Indi

"Woods or Forest of Penn.

Maryland So called in honor of the English queen, Alary. Carolina. So called in honor of the Emrligh queen, Caroline. Georgia. So called in honor of George II, King of England. Louisiana. 1 1 fi r s t b e 1 o n g c d t o t h c F r e n ch , who named it in memory of king Louis. Boston. Mr. Cotton, the first minister in Boston, New-England, came from Boston in old England; and the town was named in

memory of his native place. Sterling, Massachusetts. So called in honor of the gallant Lord Sterling, who generously assisted the Americans in their revolutionary struggle. Piitsjlelrf, Massachusetts, and Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, commemorate the exertion of Mr. Pitt, Lord Catham, who so loop- as he had strength to speak, urged the English goernmcnt not to oppress their American Colonies and told the king that if he lost them, he would lose "the brightest jewel in his erowm." Plymouth. Our forefathers gave this jiame to their first landing-place because Plymouth was their last port when they left England.

Prozvlcncc. So called by Roger Wil

liams, the first settler in Rhode-Island, in fighting against tyranny. With the Span

a 1 alt. i

lards, at a very early period, with the Swiss,

and with the Americans, it has successively been a popular badge of freedom. The

French,, during their revolution, wished to

establish the Liberty Cap as a national em

blem, but tearful oi imitating the United States too closely, they gave their cap a dif-

tcrent form. Unluckily, they chose the Phrygian cap, which belonged to a people who never knew freedom.'"

they called it Yengees. The white inhabi

tants of the northern states, were soon known to the neighboring tribes by this appellation; and to this day we are distinguished from our southern and western brethren bv the title of Yankees. Liberty Cap. "The Romans devoted a temple to the Goddess of Liberty, in the court of which the Pnetcr emancipated all slaves, who by money, important services.

ccc. had obtained the right of freedom; and as none but freemen were allowed to cover their heads in Rome, an important part of the ceremony consisted in giving a cap, such as was then worn, instead of our modern hats. The person who had been released from slavery, used to parade about the forum for several days afterwards, displaying his head gear with all the pride of freedom. Hence, Liberty and the Cap became associated. Therefore, when medals were struck off in honor of Brutus and to commemorate the death of Cajsar, Liberty was represented with the freeman's cap on one side and two dag.garson the other. Various medals were afterwards made on which Liberty was sometimes shown with the cap in her hand, at others on her head, or by her side. This emblem has since been adopted bv

almost all nations who supposed they were

the extraordinary advantages, as a manu

facturing and commercial city, which Pittsburgh possesses; where, to a pre-eminently

commanding location, has already been added such strength of capital, skill, and in

dustry, as will, for ages, ensure an unequiv ocal supremacy, over all our interior towns At the period of the first military occupan

cy of western Pennsylvania, by the French, who claimed all the country west of the Al

legheny mountair.

Pittsburgh, it i

ci pally by the Shawanese and Delaware

tribes of Indians. It appears, however, to

have been admitted that the right of soil

here and throughout the greater part of

Pennsylvania, was vested in six confederate

Indin" nation, residing principally f the

state of New York. In evidence of this, be

sides the previous cession to the Penn fam

ily, the six nations ceded to the Proprietaries

ot Pennsylvania, at the treaty oi fort Stan-

wix, November the 5th, 17 Go, all the coun

try contained within the chartered limits of

Pennsylvania, lying south east of the Ohio and Alleghenv rivers, and west of the Alle-

gheny mountains, occ. aiad at another treaty

held with the six nations, at Fort Stanwix. October 2 2, 178-1, they ceded to the state of

Pennsyliania, ail the country within her

limits lying and north west of the Ohio and

Allegheny rivers. I he last cession was confirmed in all its particulars, by the WTy-

andotsacd Delawares (residents of the ceded

country) by treaty held at fort M'Intosh,

January 21st 1 7 535.

From these facts it would seem that the Shawanese, Delawares and other Indian

tribes occupied Pennsylvania, by the permis sion and courtesy of the confederate Sene

cas, CayUgas, Onondagoes, Oneidas, Tusca-

roras and Mohawks, who mostly lived on the

it was named Fort Pitt, in compliment to the

minister of Great Britain, under whose administration it was acquired.

Pittsburgh or Pittstown, is within one ot

the manors which, in the state of Pennsvlvania, by act of assembly, passed November

27th, 179, was confirmed to the descend

ants of Wm. Penn. All the other proprieto

ry lands were confiscated, and their title was

vested in the commonwealth. The town

was laid out by order of the Penns, in 173-. Its plan embraces the site of old Fort Pitt. The angular embankment of this fort, w hich extended from river to rher, about fifteen feet high, and 1G00 feet in length, has pre

vented improvement within its circuit. It is now rapidly converting into bricks for the

memory of the great mercies -wherewith

Providence blessed him in his exile. Philadelphia. From the Greek words, meaning the Brotherhood of Love. It was founded by William Penn, the celebrated Quaker, who gave it that name to indicate the harmony and kindness of the Quaker Society. Baltimore. Takes its nameJrom its founder, George Calvert, Lord Baltimorc.-

who was the king of England at the time of line of the New York State Canal. If this

be true, it appears that the natives of Penn

sylvania had, at nn early period, been sub

jected by the superior sagacity and prowess of the natives of New York. Pray God the

erring judgment and limited view s of our

eastern brethren, may not give ultimate as

cendancy and dominion to the same quarter though to a more civilized race. New Yorkers boast of men beneath whose genius, seas were united by a canal of 3G0 miles in length. Philadelphia exultingly promulgates the consoling fact, that their artists were selected to

frame the rich vase bestow ed upon the patron of the mighty project ! ! This superiority is useless. What if the vase had never been formed ? In confirmation of the dominion of the Six Nations over Pennsylvania, we will further state, that, at a general council of Indians, held at Philadelphia 1742, one of their chiefs demanded of the Dalawares, who then lived between the Lehigh and Schuylkill, how they had dared to sell lands, and told them they had no land to sell; that the Six Nations had long since made women of them, (conquered them) and ordered them instantly to quit the council and immediately to remove to Shamokin and the Juniatta. These orders were promptly complied with. The Delawares were afterwards sent to the neighborhood of Pittsburgh, and from thence to the state of Ohio. The remains of their tribes are nowliving on the Wabash, state of Indiana. In 1753, there stood on the bank of the Allegheny, within the suburb of Pittsburgh, a small Indian village called Shanapins; at the junction of the Monongahela and Allegheny, one mile below Shanapins, the French, in the spring of 1754, built Fort Duquesne, which they held until the near

approach of general Forbes, when it was abandoned.and he took possession, November 25th, 1758. The bounds of the fort were greatly enlarged by the British troops, and

gonier, fifty miles east of Pittsburgh, with a Scotch regiment of eight hundred men, to reconnoitre Fort Duquesne. Grant determined to attack the fort. Having reached this hill, before daylight, and disdaining to take advantages, he gallantly beat the Reveilee to awake the dreamers, but not reciprocating his courtesy, the French and Indians, sallied out, and under cover of the woods and bushes, killed three hundred of Grant's men, took him prisoner, and drove the fugitives back to Legonier. Forbes, however, moving forward" with his whole force, 7000 strong, found Duquesne abandoned and took possession as before stated. At Pittsburgh, the Monongahela is about 1400 feet wide. The Allegheny 1 100. The Ohio is about 1800 feet wide through its whole length. The Allegheny river nses in M'Kean county; its head interlocking with the head of the Sinnamahoning branch of the Susquehanna. From its source it flows northward into the state of New-York, then wheeling westward and southward, into Pennsylvania, it unites with the Conewango river at Warren. The Conewango branch of the Allegheny is an important stream. It heads in the Chatauque lake, of which it is the outlet. Maysville, on this lake, is within seven statute miles of lake Erie, near Portland. This is the nearest approach of the really navigable waters, which, on the one side to the south, and on the other to the north, seek the respective gulphs of Mexico and St. Lawrence. Were it not for this isthmus of but seven miles, nineteen of these mighty states would be entirely surrounded with water, would in fact be "on an island. The dividing ridge between these two lakes, at this point, is about SCO feet above lake Erie, and 300 above Chatauque. From the head of the Chatauque, by the Conewango, Allegheny, Ohio and Mississippi, to the ocean, is a distance of 2300 miles. The distance from Pittsburgh to Maysville, by the course of the i h er, is about 250 miles. The descent to Pittsburgh about 100 feet. The low water mark of the Ohio at Pittsburgh is 102 feet above lake Erie, G27 above the Hudson at Albany, 756 feet above the Atlantic ocean, at Cape May. Quere. Can the Hudson at Albany, be as much as 29 feet higher than the ocean at Cape May I and what difference between the ocean at Cape May and tho mouth of the Mississippi? The Monongahela rises in Virginia, and flows north until within ten miles of Pittsburgh, when it takes a direction rather more north of west. ' The Allegheny and Monongahela unite at Pittsburgh. Their blended waters take -the name of Ohio. The earlyFrench settlers very appropriately called it la Belle Rivere, (the beautiful rivcV.) The Allegheny strikes the Moaongahela at nearly right angles, and (as is almost invariably the case) is inflected into the course of the more placid stream. The Ohio flows on in a north west direction to ?Beaver, makes a short turn and passes out of tho s4ate south west. In the spring, the Monongahela is navigable about 150 miles. The country on both sides of this river, in i t course through