Indianapolis News, Indianapolis, Marion County, 19 August 1919 — Page 1
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DIANAPOLIS NEWS -
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TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 19, 1919.
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TWENTY-FOUE PAGES 1
HAIL. BY ZONKS 63c TO *0e A MONTH i
THREE CENTS
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SEPARATE MEASURE, IS PROPOSAL OF THE PRESIDENT
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BORDER IN PURSUIT OF BANDITS WHO CAPTURED AIRMEN
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PEACE TREATY O.K. AS ITSTANDS, DECURES WILSON) ALL AMERICAN RIGHTS SAFEGUARDED, HE ASSERTS
WASHINGTON, August 19.—Preaidant Wilson began his conference with the senate foreign relations committee at the White House today with an opening statement on the peace treaty and the league of
nations. He said:
Mr. Chairman: I am sincerely glad that the committee should have responded in this way to my intimation that I would like to be of service to it. I welcome the opportunity for a frank and full inter-
change of views.
I hope, too, that this conference will serve to expedite your consideration of the treaty of peace. I beg that you will pardon and indulge me if I again urge that practically the whole task of bringing the country back to normal conditions of life and industry waits upon the decision of the senate with regard to the terms of the peace. I venture thus again to urge my advice that the action of the senate with regard to the treaty be taken at the earliest practicable moment because the problems with which we are face to face in the readjustment of our national life are of the most pressing and critical character, will require for their proper solution the most intimate and disinterested co-operation of all parties and all interests, and can not be postponed without manifest peril to our people and to all the national advantages we hold most dear. TRADE CHANNELS BLOCKED. May I mention a few of the matters which can not be handled with intelligence until the country knows the character of the peace it is to have? I do so only by a very few samples. , The copper mines of Montana and Alaska, for example, are being kept open and in operation only at a great cost and loss, in part upon borrowed money; the zinc mines of Missouri, Tennessee and Wisconsin are being operated at about one-half their capacity; the lead of Idaho, Illinois and Missouri reaches only a portion of its former market; there is an immediate need for cotton belting, and also for lubricating oil which can not be met—all because the channels of trade are barred by war when there is no war. The same is true of raw cotton, of which the central empires alone formerly purchased nearly 4,000,000 bales.
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And these are only examples. There is hardly a single raw material, a single important foodstuff or a single class of manufactured goods which is not in the same case. Our full, normal, profitable production waits on peace. MILITARY PLANS HELD UP. Our military plans, of course, wait upon it. We can not intellior wisely decide how large a naval or military force we shall or what our policy with regard to miliUry training is to be
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_ _ Is more than that difficulty invast surplus properties of the army include, not food and r, whose sale will affect normal production, bu| great establishments also which should be restored to their r uses, great stores of machine tools, and all sorts of merchandise must lie idle until peace and military policy are definitely de-
which
termined. By the same token there can be*no properly studied national budget until then. OTHER NATIONS BUSY. The nations that ratify the treaty, such as Great Britain, Belgium and France, will be in a position to lay their plans for controlling the markets of central Europe without co-operation from us, if we do not presently act. We have no consular agents, no trade representatives there to look after our interests. There are large areas of Europe whose future will lie uncertain and questionable until their people know the final settlements of peace and the forces which are to administer and sustain it. Without determinate markets our production can not proceed with intelligence or confidence. There can be no stabilization of wages because there can be no settled conditions of employment. There can be no easy or normal industrial credits, because there can be no confident or permanent revival of business. But I will not weary you with obvious examples. I will only venture to repeat that every element of normal life amongst us depends upon and awaits the ratification of the treaty of peace; and also that we can not afford to lose a single summer’s day by not doing all that we can tp mitigate the winter’s suffering, which, unless we find means to prevent i(, may prove disastrpus to a large portion of the world, and may, at its worst, bring upon Europe conditions even more terrible than those wrought by the war itself. SEES NO REASON FOR DOUBTS. Nothing, I am led to believe, stands in the way of the ratification of the treaty except certain doubts with regard to the meaning and implication of certain articles of the covenant of the league of nations; and I must frankly say that I am unable to understand why such doubts should be entertained. You will recall that when I had the pleasure of a conference with your committee and with the committee of the house of representatives on foreign affairs at the White House in March last the questions now most frequently asked about the league of nations were all canvassed, with a view to their immediate clarification. The covenant of the league was then in its first draft subject to revision. It was pointed out that no express recognition was given to the Monroe Doctrine, that it was not expressly provided that the league should have no authority to act or to express a judgment on matters of domestic policy, that the right to withdraw from the league was not expressly recognized, and that the constitutional right of the congreas to determine all questions of peace and war was not sufficiently safeguarded. On my return to Paris all these matters were taken up again by the commission on the league of nations and every suggestion of the United States was accepted.
Return to O jinaga District, South of Rio Grande River, With American Soldiers, Who Start Outlaw Hunt After Airmen Reach United States Territory, Foliowing Payment of Half of Indemnity Money of $15,000.
s om'X t td ATES ' V ' EWS ACCEPTtD '
PJlJpV views of the Doited Stetes with repaid to the questions I have mentioned had, in fact, already been accepted by the commission and there was supposed to be nothing inconsistent with them in the draft of the covenant first adopted—the draft which was the subject of our discussion in March—but no objection was made to saying explicitly
Continued on Page Three.
He said there were ore Information waa
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> of a mlaunderatanding re- _. SJHrS&SiH md the committee, were present to report the conference. The committee had with it some of the men who have reported house and sen
the a
would hav transcript is to provide for a own which was given
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Plan’* Gonesis
- The plan for the league, filially sub-
oc- mined in Paris, the President eaid,
had been built up first from a plan drawn by a British committee headed by a Mr, Philltmore. and later Including Htoas from a plan drawn by Gener eral Smuta From these and other
only a discussions, coupled with the Presi-
dents own Ideas, the covenant plan
1 It would be a was made. "That is the fUU story
of how the plan 1 sent to the commitwas drawn up." the President
as to
Shantung.
said tn
t of questions,
Ms assent to the
ttlng to enforce council, even
. — -*e council was
He laid the rep-
i the council own public
His own private redraft, of the PhllHmore plan, the President said, was not submitted to the American peace mission. He had seen Secretary Lansing’s proposals only informally. Information Doolred, Saya Lodge After the President had delivered his
statsment. Senator Lodge said:
“Mr. Preside** so far as I am per-
concerned-and I think I r.prethe majority of the corain that respect—we have no
thought \>f entering upon arguments as " to interpretations or points of that char-
t con- acter. but the committee waa very desir-
ous of getting Information on certain points which seem not clear and on which they thought Information would be of value to have In consideration of the treaty which they. I think I may for myself and others, desire to
hasten to every possible way.
‘Tour reference to the necessity of tton leads me to ask one question. If we have to restore peace to the world it Is necessary, I assume, that there should be treaties with Austria, Hungarv, Turkey and Bulgaria. Those treaties are ail more or less connected with the treaty with Germany. The question I should like to ask is what prospects are of receiving those
that the
*"t Japan treaties
the other treaties, but the treaty With Poland, for example, has been completed? The President—Tes, and signed; but it is dependent upon this treaty. My thought was to submit it upon the action on this treaty. Other Covenant Drafts. Senator Lodge then asked whether the President could show the committee the tentative league of nations drafts submitted by Great Britain. France and
Italy.
The President—I would have sent them to the committee with pleasure, senator, if I had found that I had them. I took it for granted that I had thorn; but the papers that remain in my hands remain there In a haphazard way. I can tell you the character of the other drafts. The British draft was the” only one. as I remember, that was In the form of a definite constitution of a league. The French and Italian drafts were In the form of a series of propositions laying down general rules and assuming that the commission, or whatever body made the final formulations would buity upon those principles if they were adopted. They were principles quite consistent with the final
action.
I remember saying to the committee when I was here in March—I have forgotten the expression I used, but it was | something to the effect that the British ' draft had constituted the basis. 1 ! thought afterward that that was misleading, and I am very glad to tell the committee just what I meant.
You spoke of a react submitted to the
for action
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LTplaTn^ TJ his visitors into the » they were seated
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Cause of Delay.
ent—I think it is very good, as I can judge from the dispatches from my colthe other side of the water, ilay la due to the uncertaln-
to what la going to happen to reaty. This treaty is a mode! of
I saw enough of the others I left Paris to know that they
is the
chief element of delay,
Senator Lodge—They are not regarded the as essential to the consideration of this
ty?
President—They are not regarded ch. no, sir; they fellow this treaty. Senator Lodgo-I do not know' about
have sent to us. draft. That was
committee.
The President—No; that waa private,
my own.
Senator Lodge—Was it before our com-
mission ?
The President—No; it was not before our commission. The President said a draft of-Article X which Senator Johnson, of California, had presented to the committee “was part of the draft which preceded the draft which was sent to you.” Senator Johnson said he had taken it from The Independent. The President—1 read it with the greatest interest, because I had forgotten it to tell the truth, but I recognized it as soon as I read it. Senator Johnson—It was the original plan ? % The President—It was the original form of Article X, yes. Senator Lodge said he had been about to ask whether Article X in its present form had been in the British plan, but if there were no definite drafts of these plans of coucye the committee could not
get them.
Asked by Senator Lodge whether he had seen the resolutions for a league submitted by Secretary Lansing, the President replied: “Yes.” Senator Lodge—No specific action was taken upon them? The President—Not in a formal way. Aa to Reparation Money.
MY EXPECTED
Both Political Parties Indicate Willingness to Get Pact Question Settled.
ARMY AVIATORS COOPERATE AS SCOOTS
ON A “HOT TRAIL”
WASHINGTON, August 1*.— The Tufted States cavalry expedition which crossed the Mexican border today does nut take on the character uf an act of war, as its sole purpose under lateruatioaal law Is to punish or extermlaate the baudltn who held the two Americans for ransom. The expedition Is not an Invasion of the sovereignty of Mexico nor an attack on its government. In Its diplomatic aspect It is an expedition on a “kot trail/* The expedition crossed the border on specific laatractlaus from the war department, tho plans for whleh were withheld until the trsn Americans ween safe. - ■;
cap-
Lieutz. Davit,
CONFERENCE VERY FRIENDLY
Novel Proceedings Display Entire Lack of Acrimony, and All Are In the Beet of Humor.
Gulf of Finland FleM Concentrated Against Kronstadt, Which Is Reported Burning.
B0LSHEVIKI LOSE SHIPS
Helsingfors Dispatch Tells of an English Victory in Engagement With
Russian Squadron.
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History of Agreement.
Some months before the conference assembled a plan for the league of nations had, been drawn up by a British committee, ac the head of which was Mr. Phillimore—I believe the Mr. Phillimore who was known as the authority on international law. A copy of that document was sent to me and I built upon that a redraft. I will not now say whether I thought it was better or not an improvement. But I built on that a draft which was quite different, inasmuch aa it put definiteness where there had been what seemed indefiniteness in
the Phillimore suggestion.
Then between that time and the time of the formation of the commission on the league of nations, I had the advantage of seeing a paper by general Smuts, of Sputh Africa, who seemed to me to have done some very clear thinking, particularly with regard to what waa to be don# with the pieces of the dismembered empire After I got to Paris, therefore. I rewrote the document to which I have alluded, and you y have noticed that it consists of a series of articles and then supplementaly agreements. It was in the supplementary agree menu that I embodied the additional ideas that had come to me not only from Genera] Smats’s paper, but from other discussions. That Is the full story of how the plan which I sent to the committee was built up.
The General Smuta* Plan.
Senator Lodge—Then of course it is obvious that the Genera) Smuts plan had been used. That appears on
face of the document. The President—Tes.
Senator Lodge—Then there was a previous draft in addition to the one you
Senator Lodge then asked whether the United States -would receive any part of the German reparation fund. The President—I left that question open, senator, because I did not fee! that I had any final right to decide it Upon the basis that was set up In the reparation clauses the portion that the United States would receive would be very small at best, and my own Judgment was frequently expressed, not as a decision, but as a judgment that we should claim nothing under those general clauses. 1 did that because I coveted the moral advantage that that would give us in the counsels of the
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Senator McCumber—Did that mean we would claim nothing for the sink
ing of ths Lusltahia?
The PresMent-Oh. no. That did not cover questions of that sort at all. Tho President added that pre-war claims were not covered by the reparation clause, and said the reparation commission would decide. He repeated that American participation in the reparations remained to be decided. Senator Lodge—By the commission? The President—By the commission. Senator Lodge asked whether there had been any recommendations by American naval authorities as to whether the United States should have one of the Lad rone, Caroline, or Marshall islands for naval purposes. The President—There was a paper on that subject, senator, which has been published. 1 only partially remember it. It was a paper laying out the general necessities of our naval policy in the Pacific and the necessity of hav-
the hig some base for communication upon
those islands was mentioned, just in what form 1 do not remember. But let
Continued on Pago Throe.
The Indianapolis jfewe Boreaa. St Wyatt BaUding. WASHINGTON, August 19,— Prompt action on the treaty of peace by the senate will, it is generally believed here, follow the meeting of the senate committee on foreign relations with President WUson today. The conference developed an intention on the part of the Republican members of the committee on foreign relations to favor action by the committee as quickly as possible. The Democratic members have already served notice that unless the treaty is brought into the senate within the next week jor ten days they will propose in open senate a resolution discharging the committee from further consideration of the
document.
No Such Plans Necessary. The probability now to, however, thaj such a eouree will not have to be re-
sorted to.
Every member of the committee who had anything to say tn the conference on the necessity for prompt action Indicated not only a willingness, but also a desire to co-operate in the effort to get the treaty out of the way. The address with which President Wilson opened the conference was, in the main, an earnest plea for speedy Continued on Page Three.
STOCKHOLM, Au*u»t 19.—The reinforced British fleet which has been engaged with Bolshevik war vessels, is concentrated against Kronstadt, the naval port of Petrograd, a dispatch from Helsingfors states. The city of Kronstadt, it
was said, was burning. Submarine Depot Sunk.
The. Bolshevik submarine depot ship Viatka to reported to have been sunk in an engagement off the Tolboukin lighthouse, several miles northwest of
Kronstadt.
Rede Lose Four Shipe. LONDON, August, 19.—According to a dispatch from Heisinfors today the Bolshevik battleship AndreaPervosan. the battle cruiser Petropavlovsk, a transport and a guardsbip are reported to have been sunk during an engagement with the British fleet to the gulf of Finland, Sunday. The British are said to have tost three motor boats and to have had eight officers and three men killed. The British admiralty later confirmed the sinking of the Bolshevik battle cruiser Petropaviovak, the battleship Andrea-Pervoean and a Bolshevik destroyer by British naval forces. A Russian cruiser probably was seriously damaged also, it was announced. The Andrea-Pervosvan was reported as probably sunk by a torpedo near Kronstadt, June If. At the same time it was said the Petropavlovsk had hoisted the white flag. The Pervosvan was 464 feet long, carried normally a crew of 983 men and was armed with four twelve-inch guns, fourteen eight-inch guns, twelve 47inch guns and a beayy minor battery. She was built in 1907.. The Petropavlovsk was 69© feet long with a displacement of 23,370 tons. She carried twelve twelve-inch guns and the usual batteries of smaller weapons.
DAYLIGHT SING LAW IS REPEATED BY HOUSE
MEASURE
PASSED OVER PRESIDENTS VETO.
SENATE VICTORY CLAIMED
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WASHINGTON, August IS -Repeal of the daylight saving law was passed today over President Wilson’s veto by the
WILL BE INVESTIGATED
RESOLUTION IS ADOPTED THE HOUSE.
NO INQUIRY INTO FOOD
WASHLNGTON, August If,-A resolution directing the federal trade commission to investigate the high cost of shoes and determine the cost for increased waa adopted today by the house, refused to extend the inquiry to and food.
MARFA, Tex., August 19.—United
otales troops crossed the Mexican order at 6:40 a. m. today in pursuit
of the Mexican bandits who tured and held for ranson
Peterson and Paul H. American aviators.
\Aftqr half ^pf the indemnity money of $15,000 had been paid ta the bandits for the release of the aviators, the airmen were brought into United States territory early this
morninjf.
Accompanied by Two Men. The troops going in search of the bandits wers men of the 8th cavalry, and ^ B avl " * nd Feterson accompanied them «a guidea. American aviators were cot ° d f y the cavalry, flying ^ ™ th <* . This was the second expedition of ih> * Purstik" 0 ^ vm Perth,n * «*P«dklon in pursnlt of Vina. The other was the expedition into Juarez at the time of the recent fighting. The American cavalry troop crossed the border below Candeleria. which to on the Rio Grande river, approximately 200 miles southeast of W. Psso, Tex. Htdid by Jssws Renteria. % The bandit band is under Jesus Renteria, who held the American army aviators, Paterson and Davis, prisoners in Mexico, it was announced at military headquarters here today. The United States troops are supported by an adequate communication line and pack trains carrying the field wireless for use when out of touch with the aviators who will scout the entire OJinsga district for the bandits. To Prsvsnt Clash. Colonel Langhorne sent a message to General Antonio Prtmeda, commander of the Ojinaga forces, through the Mexican consul at Presidio, Tex., notifying Pruneda of the punitive expedition so the Mexican general would notify his troopa In the field to prevent a possible clash between Carranza troops and American cavalry. Major-General Joseph T. Dickman. commanding the southern department, left San Antonio today for the Mexican border, “on a tour of inspection to Eagle Pass, Del Rio and Fort Clark." * j To Pay Full $15,000. General Dickman instructed officers at Candeleria to pay the Mexican bandits the full $15,000 ransom as stipulated tii the agreement made with them by ths United States government. Story of the Rescue. Lieutenants H. G. Peterson and Paul H. Davis, United States army aviatera. held captive for more than a week by Mexican bandits who demanded a ransom of $16,000, were rescued early today by Captain Matiack, of ths 8th cavalry, and are safe In American territory. Captain Matiack brought back with him one-half the ranaom money. He said after Peterson had been released, Davis was brought forward by the bandits and the two mounted Captain Matlack's horse. The bandits demanded the remainder of the ransom money and Captain Matiack and Davis answered by-riding rapidly _away. , Messages to Relatives. Peterson after reachng American soil again immediately sent a message to his father at Hutchinson, Minn., saying: ’Feeling fine. Had wonderful experience." Davia also, sent a similar message to his parents at Strathmore. Cal. Lieutenant Peterson crossed the border to the American aide at 1:16 a. m. and Captain Matiack brought back Lieutenant Davis forty-five minutes later. Captain Matlack's ruse by which he saved $7,50© was contrived on the spur of the moment after he had escorted Peterson across the border. Matlack’s Warm Rsply. “I just decided there was no use In paying those Mexicans that other $7,600 aftsr X had Davis, so I told him to Jump on behind on my horse. I spurred him hard and we made a wild dash for the border and made Captain Matiack said t* were well mounted. The buf^K? thriw tenetT *wtth j^at h^at& did not renew their attempt. Various Plans for obtaining the ranaom money were discussed by the bandits. One was for the delivery of the money by Amerlcene in the middie of the Rio Grande. Another was % Continued on Page three.