Indianapolis News, Indianapolis, Marion County, 18 July 1916 — Page 6

THE INDIANAPOLIS NEWS, TUESDAY, JULY 18, 1916,

iSTHE INDIANAPOLIS NEWS PobliaiMd nftilr. Xxo«pt taadar. U n* M«wa imlldinc, Xoiu 10 aad ft WaAingtm atvMt. fatmd at OM Partomoa todhwpolta. CiA.. ••oond-CUM Matter.

TXliKPHOMMi — Bath aompaalM. prlrat* krsMh oclMuicM. can far Th# K*w* and MHt Am- departaicat waatadL

KBW tome OPFICB — TrlhttB* BalWinj. Daa A. CarrolL. ItepreaentatlTa. CHICAGO omcn-rxm Natlooal Bank Bia«. W. T. Pfrr and J. K. Lota» lUpra^ntatt*'**WABHIHGTOM BlTREAtl — Wyatt Bnildlnc. Jaisw P. Homaday. CorresRondant.

TH8 NEWS IN EUROPE Amciioaa trav*l«» to Furopa w»M Itod Tha iDdlaoapolta Nawa an tUa In tba tollovtnf ptaraa' Latidwo—Room 7. TratolSnr bvlldinc, tiinlMrlfttt4 ETMio#; Aia«rtc*» Hlipr#** ol5os, I and « Haymarkat; Daw's Btaamahlp Asancy, *7 araan atrart, Chartn# Cfona road. Parla-to BoularaM dan Capvclnas. aornar Placa da I'Opara} AoMrlcan Bxpraaa otBca U Rua Serttoa. BarUn-^77 Zinmwftraunt.

THE NEWS AND VACATION Bub^erthara of Tha Nawa ieavlnc tha c»ty dvrtnc tha avnunar Mioutd airansa ta hara Tba Nav* faJtow tham. Addraaaaa will ba chancad aa fraauantty aa may ba raqolrad without antra ^arsa Ordara may ba firm to any carriar ol Tba~Nawo or aant to Tha Nawa circulation dapartsnant Indlridoal a«baerlptiona by nail ara invariably payabla to advance at tha loUowtoc ^alaa: Dotnaatla (tocludtnc T , Gan^a). ail Ona waak I W • , Ona month I Thraa montba IN j Four months 1 71 • Bubscriptioaa must ba antarad for a daflnlta parlod. and all instruoUons ta ba atfaetlva as to ohaagaa of addraaaaa or ordara ta atop Tba Nawa should ba Nvan to wrttlnf. Tba Nawa can not ba rasponslbla for atrora mada If to> atructlona ara glvan ovar tha talapbaoa.

TffM MYSTiBIOUS STRANGER T«n thouMuid dollars navor comes amiss to a muntelpal administration that makes fomawhat of a specialty’'of temporary ioana Therefore, no matter what hap« -psaad Afterward. It was entirely practical to have the council appropriate that sum to pay an expert to look out for the city’s Interests in the appraisal of the water company’s property. Up to date |4,80t.M of that sura has been spent, but, of course, that can not be helped now. The value>recelved end of it is not known, but that is the administration’s business, not tha public’s; and doubtless the administration knows what it is dolnf, or thinks that it does, which serves its purpose just as well Nevertheless, there is a food deal of curiosity •<-people will be people, you know — aa to what was boo|rht with that lilOl.W of the public’s funds, and what is to become of the rest of the $10,000. People can take a joke on themselvas, to be sura but they naturally wish to know what the joke is, especially when that /joke costs them $10,000. And they would like to know what hks become of the mysterious stranier, who, at the behest of the administration, undertook to see that the city did not get any Uie worst of it in the water company appralsaj. They would also like to know what proedss he used, and if he is as much disappointed as they are at the 'result They feel oonvlneed that whatever he has dona is doing, or will do, he oould make a report that would be extremely InUrestlng. To be sure, the stable door Is open and the horse is gona but maybe the pnblio can get a $10,000 talk, any way, from tte expert faEthe meantime the publio servlee ooimnlssiooMrs propose to Inveitlfate the BeU-Oetet eontraot and "determine the offset of the proposed rates on the reveBtMM of the oompany and on the oonsum«s of water.** This is to be done In a lelmNbr mannea declares Ohairman Duncan, and the oommlsston will not allow Itself to be hufried. As to the basis for rate oonsiderattoo the ohairman is not so deOihtfulty definita "It will not neoessarily be our own appraisal." he deolarei. '*We may ask the city's figures on it and we may ask for the company's appraisal." So the question stiU remains ssmewhat la the air. But the opportunlties tor action on it are large. In fact, this is the plaoe where the commission has a chance to save its own Ufa If the Oeli|t people are able to get away with the present prefect, they and others will be encouraged to operate in the same way In other casea for the prospect of success should be Just as good. And the first thing that the commissioners know their occupation will be gone; and with their occupation gona something worse is Ukely to happen—their jobs may also go. And right here is a chance for the mysterious stranger to come to the i^ua He should be able to throw a flood of light on the situation by talking right out loud so that the pubUo can bear him.

TBt AMGiNTINM CiNTENNUL There are forae features of the Argea- ,- Uae oentMinlal. which was oelebrated a ’ few days aga that are of especial interest to North Amerioana The American govwnment took aa official Interest In the centennial. Its ambassador was with the Argentine President at the review of the country’s navy in the roadstead of the river Plate. The principal oelebration wsui In Buenos Aires. The fact that Braaillaa ^ Uruguayan warships took part ta the display emphasised the absenoe of Interstate quarrels which for years kept the South Amerloan continent in ^imoU. knadred years ago Argentlaa was an taywyestshed SpAnWh colony. The provtashU system of exploitation was as to the pastoral and agricul"tural regions as it was Immediately to lae mining. The Spanish govemoie were asgleotful. for the most part, of resooross which had to be oontlnuously ottltlvMad. preferring their wealth in the eottoontrated fonp of mwolous metals. In Itll Argentina and the other Spanish collate were peculiarly oppressed because of ■ entangiemeats with Kuropa The oontinental wars had been carried to the^Wxtnoes. and while these thought much hardtfilp they eventually paved ^ way for the successful revolt of j\Uy, in which Spanish authority was rejected. Hid tii«re been a homogeneous foroe in AigenttM. such^ that which sxlsted in the Amsrlcan colonies in 1711, the growth of the eouthem eountry would have been much more rapid. But Argenttea had •lowty to work out of the oondttloa In whleh it was left by the poltUoal and ^^^ary dlsturbanees. It was not until ■her 1^ IIM, that a satisfactory constBafflen was adoptsd and peace was tmabnifftsd between Buenoe Ahree and the iwovlnoee. The Aiveadne repuhlio end Brasil have retained their governmental intereet In Surepeaa affaire, and they also have been feroed. through excessive immlgrato wrapplefiwlth the question of gnafllflUiis kViaIg of

government, and the over-expansion of the seaboard, as contrasted with the economic neglect of the interior. From 1S<H) on up to the present time the Argentine republic has prospered. Its rich heritage is climate and soil. Wire grass of the plains hms been ploughed under and alfalfa pasturage substituted. With an area of 1,083,5M square miles, and a population of little more than 6.000,000 Argentina each year produces enormous quantities of meat and grain. The outlook is promising, and the opportunity for co-operation between Argentina and the United States is especially favorable. Much capital is needed to develop agriculture and~the live stock industry.

RURAL CREDITS The President signed the rural crediu bill yesterday, and it is expected that within a few days he will appoint the board to put ttae new law In effect Thus will begin tbe operation of a much talked of plan of finance that Is new to this country. It has worked well elsewhere, and much Is expected of It here by Its supports. "The farmers • • • have not had the same freedom to get credit on their real estate that others have had who were in manufacturing and commercial enterprises,’’ declared the President when he signed the bill, “and while they have sustained our life they did not in tbe same degree with some others share in the_benefits of that life." Doubtless there is coneiderable basis for this assertion, though not so much as there was before passage of the federal reserve bank act, which contains provisions that are held to ease agricultural credit. But we shall all be glad to have the fanner get everything that Is coming to him, and a generous proportion of the countiy's prosperity, of 'which be provides the real foundation. The rural credits law will not bring on an agricultural millennium by any means, and it will carry with it tbs possi^lltles of serious svils, but under good management It should slthSr Improve the situation or serve as a guide to amendments that will make It promote tbe purpose for which It was intended. Just now everything depends on the character and abilities of the members of the new board, and those who are most eager for the law's success should likewise bs most eager for the appointment of men about whose fitness for the work there can be no question. Every attempt of the politicians — and doubtless they will make many efforts — to use the appointments for imlitical purposes should be scornfully resented. The people who will take advantage of the provlsl(»8 0f ths new ^w will care little about the politics of the board members, but they will expect that the financial transactions shall be ably supervised and managed. In the three and a half months that Intervene between now and the election little can be learned of the actual workings of the new law, and thus It la unlikely to have much, if any, effect in Infiuencing the votes that are cast November T. Those who think of the law at all will not he swayed either way by it until they have had ample time to note its effect THE VOCATIONAL SURVEY Aa Indiana has already committed itself to some extent to the idea of vocational education, it is well tliat the survey, which le to be oonducted in Indianapolis, la to be made as broad as poeelble. Ttie Indianapolis survey te said to be the most comprehensive and thorough ever planned. Twenty-four phases of the industrial life of the city, and eleven elements of the educational system are Included In the subjects to be Inquired inta The industrial end 'Will be especially Interesting to the publio. The trades to be surveyed Inelude automobile, printing, concrete working, molding and founding, woodworking, structural and ornamental Iron work, sheet metal, eleotrlcal trades, transportation. salesmanship, gardening. Industrial art. the clothing and garment industry, the huUdlng trades, home aotivttiea and commercial canning. There le not one of the trades or callings mentioned which le not of Intereet to the state as a whole. Some may be absent from certain cities and town% but there' la hardly a community in tbe state which will be unable to follow the induatrial survey with profit Closely related to the Industrial' inquiry, of course, le the educational. They are dependent on each other. 'While a vocational school survey might be made without an examination of the tradea, the results would be limited. Hie survey, ee now planned, will show what the schools are doing in evening cUuwes, prevocational classes, manual training, trade and technical education, vocational guidance, part-time and contlnuatlm classea, and training for delinquents or other special types of pupils The vocational training Idea Is spreading rapidly. Tet, considering the time It has been before the public, there is not so clear an understanding of it as there might be. PoeMbly it le because the theorists have advanced more propoeale than they or the pubUo could digest 'The Indianapolis survey ought to reveal Impartially what has been done, and show definitely what is planned.

FURUC UBOR AGENaES A repoK which the federal bureau of labor statistics has just issued contains the proceedings of the American Association of Public Employment offices at the annual meetings la Chicago. IBlt; Indianapolis, 1914, and Detroit 191$. The papers and statistics show that It has been only during the last two years that state or nation has made any distinct progreae in establtohlng adequate employment bureaus. Like eo many other movements that have become countrywide, the labor btireau was ot local origin. When the idea of oo-<^nulon occurred to William M. Lelserson, superintendent of the Wisconsin employment offices, there were. In 191S, only a comparatively few agendee of any Importance It was shown at the Chicago conference that the primary need was mutual asslstanoe through which to work out of dlfflcuUlea common to alL In Nil there were slxty-one publio employment offices In the United States, distributed over nineteen states. Only thresi, those of 'Wlsco^n, Ohio and MasMehasetts. were said to.be aattefactory. The Chicago meeting aeoompliahed little more than was hoped f(Mr, that is. an appreciation of the extent of the work and the possibilities for improvement By the time the date for the Indianapolis conference arrived, the various local and state offidale had reached definite conduskms as to what was wrong and what ba-dooa. The eneettngJa <bls-cttjr

was really the first effective conference, as the gathering In Chicago was essentially preliminary, l^ast year, when the delegates niet In Detroit there were In the a.'<aoctation ninety-nine state and city employment offices, located in thirty states. Within a year California, Iowa, Illinois, New Jersey and Pennsylvania had enacted special lawa In other states there had been amendments, either the application of civil service rules or other reform. In Canada, in 1915, ten cities in the provinces of -Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec bad established labor agencies. Although statements later than midsummer, 1915, are not available, it is certain that the movement has advanced even more rapidly of late. We have now, as an adjunct to the state or local agencies, the federal free emplosmnent bureau, conducted by the bureau of Immigration. The unity which the local offices aspired to is thus provided by the national government. The managers indicated a desire to break away from the word "free," as it seems to have conveyed tbe impression of charity. They urge organized labor to look on the offices, federal, state cr city, with less suspicion, as a rightly conducted labor agency should be the laboring man’s best friend. Reports have come to the association, showing a sustained Interest in the application of scientific principles to unemployment, by means of which vocation, distribution and a%'alinbiUty may be Jointly taken into account. MILITARY HIGHWAYS The new federal road law and the Mexican situation may combine to provide the country with a permanent system uf Improved highways along the southern International boundary. There Is provision in the road law for the construction of military roads; in fact, the military uses of all highways will necessarily be considered because of the participation of the national government In the cost of construction. This year $6,000,000 will be available for distribution among the states. Tbe ratio of distribution takes account of both population and area, and Texas, on account of its enormous size, receives the largest amount set aside for any one state. The other border states, New Mexico, Arizona and California, also receive generous portions. This money, it is designed, is to be spent by the states only when the states contribute dollar for dollar. 'What Is probable then, Is a minimum outlay of $10,000,000 this year on new roads — for It Is unlikely that any federal gift will be neglected. It Is seriously proposed that the war department and the governments of the four border states unite this year in the construction of a strategic highway all along the international boundary. With thousands of troops stationed from the Pacific to the mouth of the Rio Grande, the war department finds it necessary to transport many of the supplies by motor truck. It Is understood that the govemnient only a few days ago gave an order for $2,000,000 worth of motor vehicles. Roads exist from towm to town along the frontier. Some sections are Improved; others are not There is no continuous line of highway along the parts of the border where there is the heaviest concentration of troops. Railroad service can not reach every desired destination and dependence must be placed on .motor transportation. The need of a military trunk road is apparent Long before the idea of getting financial help from the government ever'occurred to the good roads promoters, some of the states bad begun the construction of scenic highways which, in effect, are military roads. Thus on the Pacific coast there are long stretches of magnificent roads which will very soon be united so as to make possible an unbroken motor trip from British Columbia to lower California. A similar coast road is projected along the Atlantic from Maine to Florida. It is the ambition of the northern states to build a. trunk along the Canadian boundary. Greater need actually exists for a trunk road on the Mexican line. Were the states of Texas, Arlsona. New Mexico and California to concentrate the sums which they will this year receive from the federal government, adding thereto dollar for dollar, they could construct a military and tourist highway along the frontier. It is said that $3,000,000 could be made’ available for this purpose.

. SEAMEN^S ACT UPHELD The long journey of the LaPolletteFuruseth seamen’s relief act through the federal courts has begun. The United States district court in Seattle has held that the law applies to vessels flying a foreign flag. It was the purpose of the framers of the law to have It so apply, bat doubt had been felt all along as to whether, when the test actually came, tbe authority of the United States could extend to alien shipping. The case decided ' in Seattle was that of John A. Clyroa against the British steamship Ixion. Clyma is a British subject and was employed as a seaman on the Ixion. When the ship arrived in Seattle last May from the orient. Clyma demanded half of the amount of wages then due him. This demand was in accord with the provisions of the LaFollette law, the assumption being that the Ixion, having voluntarily entered an American port, came thereby under American marine regulation. The master of the Ixion refused to com. ply with the sailor's demand. He was operating his ship for the owners under the British registration laws, and assumed that ho was responsible only to the registration authorities. Clyma and his supporters then libeled the Ixion and the case was brought in a regular manner Into the federal district court Judge Neterer wrote the decision sustaining the ssanien’s act and Judge Cxishman concurred in the essMiUala Developments depend on the desire of the ship’s owrners to carry the contest to the supreme court If this Is not done, the case of some other foreign-owned ship certainly will be appealed. for the trouble In Seattle Is typical of difficulties In every American jDort to which vessels flj'ing foreign flags may ooire. This decision should hasten the demand for a fuller consklerz-tlon of the whole question. It was known when tbe law was passed that there would be direct conflict with foreign nations, particularly thuie favored with special commercial treaties. Many of theie treaties will have to be redrafted, and whether the modified treaties are adopted or not dep«ds on the willingness of Eurcg>ean or Asiatic gov. ernments to submit their shipping to rules laid down by an Amwican labor group ~

ally as r<*sponBible for the passage of the law The Inconvenience and costly delays to which the British steamship was put in an American port, however, are no worse than the expense and trouble that the American steamer Oswego encountered in Algiers and Piraeus. The case of the Oswego has already been brought to national attention. The only difference was that the Ixion, fl>lng the British flag, was coerced by an American law' on coming Into an American port, whereas the Oswego, flying the American flag, was coerced by the American law on going Into a foreign port. In each case, however, it was the seamen who prevailed over shipping precedent and commercial treaties.

IDENTIFYING AUTOMOBILES The advent of the automobile — a vehicle capable of great speed, and, In the hands of an Irresponsible person, "of a vast amount of Injury to life and property — necessitated the adoption of a registration system to aid in the recovery of stolen cars, the apprehension of criminals and the Identification of those w'ho figured in accidents. The large number plate, unknown In the days of the horse-drawn carriage, was found to be the best means. Almost every state has passed laws requiring automobiles to display a rtumber plate issued by the state. In all countries the system is recognized as necessary. But this does not mean that It can not be Improved on. The number plate Is in many cases undecipherable because It Is covered with raud, grease and dust. The law states that at night the rear plate shall be so Illuminated that it can be easily read, yet more often than not rear plates are lost from view In a dense shadow and many of them are so^ poorly lighted that it is impossible to read the numbers from a point ten yards distant. This, of course, is due not to faults In the system of identification, but to the indifference of those delegated to enforce the law. However, the trouble seems to be widespread. The penalty for removing a number plate In order to evade identification Is severe, and perhaps the situation could be remedied by applying the same penalty to drivers of cars bearing unintelligible plates. The New York police department has admitted the inefflcacy of the number plate system of identification and established a school for training traffic policemen In the characteristic features of cars of various makes. All of the outlet posts of the city are now connected with a single alarm system, and when an escaping car is seen by a policeman, all the bridge, ferry and other outlet policemen are provided with a description. They stop and question the occupants of all cars of this kind. The New York police commissioner evidently has great faith in the system, for he has established a school for the training of policemen in the physical characteristics of automobiles. This school, taken together with the establishment of a special traffic court for speeders, Is said to have instilled respect for the speed regulations Into tho heart of New York automoblllsts for the first time In the history of the automobile.

EXPERIMENTAL SCHOOLS

Before the recent meeting of tho National Education Association, Dr. P P. Claxton, commissioner of the federal bureau of education in the department of the interior read a paper entitled, "A National Program of Education,” in which he failed to outline a program. This excited some curiosity, and when asked for an explanation he said that he believed there was no one competent to recommend a broad national program of education for the simple reason that no one knew for certain what kind of education was best. He believes that, while there is a limit beyond which the federal government should not go in school affairs, there is a real work to be done in the establishment. under federal supers'lslon, of experimental schools for the purpose of finding out the best way to educate children. ‘‘There is a ‘best way’ to do almost everything else under heaven," he said, ‘‘a standard way with modifications to fit different conditions It may be the best way to raise wheat or potatoes, or to breed pigs or poultry, and the men who do these things Intelligently all know those best ways and know how to apply the same principles and methods under their local conditions. But as yet the world has no ‘best way,’ no underlying principle upon which to base a system of education.” Giving full weight to the fact that no two children are alike and no two teachers are alike, and that ‘‘you can not reduce mental activities and capacities to cut and dried formulae as you do the action of soil and climate on a kernel of wheat,” he nevertheless contends that there are underlying principles which can be defined through experimentation. But it must be done on a large scale. Certain schools must be selected in various parts of the country. Trained experts must be attached to them in the capacity of observers. And the experimenting should not be the work of a month or term, but of a generation. He believes that no principle regarding a given method could be deduced until the effect on adults trained under this system has been noted. Such experiments might cover a period of say fifty years, which is a long time to wait for results. But since at present there is no probability of getting at educational fundamentals by any other system, Dr. Claxton says, he believes the experiment Is worth trylgg. RESERVE SYSTEM VIEWS

And there may be some people mean enough to suspect that Congressman Hay’s appointment as a federal judge was largely to relieve the house military affairs committee of his chairmanship. It was a cinch that it would come sooner or later. Now some people are blaming those predatory sharks on a shift of the gulf stream. As a thing to blame other things on the gulf stream is pretty near as handy as the weather. But Is it a sure thing that Senor Castro will find the Porto Rican authorities any more hospitable? The flood at Asheville has sent gasoline up to $1 a gallon, but the fellows who have It to sell are bearing up nobly under this application of the Inexorable law of demand and supply. Considering what they are getting for $80,000,000 a day they are spending on the war, some of the Britishers must find it rather difficult to agree with those economists who hold that there is no great waste in war.

Or maybe It would do to take all the appraisals of the water company’s property and. average them, thus proving that all the appraisers were wrong. Tho senate is going to hurry up. But it will have to be careful about It. It won’t do to let anything like that Interfere with its justly celebrated — In the senate — dignity. No wonder the Chinese In Mexico keep close to the American troops. Those troopers have both cakh and punch.

A $37,000,000 public buildings bill has been Introduced in tha bouse, not necetsarily as a guarantee of good faith, but merely for publication. But who’s going to furnish the refreshments for that Progressive birthday party which Mr. Parker proposes to throw on August 5 at Chicago? The President feels that he must look after the work of his office first, and think of campaigning afterward. — Democratic National Chairman McCormick. Not a bad idea. And It was all the pleasanter, and more advantageous, percentagely speaking, that it happened to those Kansas City persons. Any time now is a good time for the weather bureau to catch up on that 1.25 inches deficiency in precipitation. And the com crop, as well as the rest of us, will be all the more grateful If it is laid on gently. Have you heard about the new Progreselve game? It runs as follows, viz: Button, button, who’s got the Perkins money? The Industry of sending postcards to our vacationing friends announcing that wo are sleeping under blankets has shut down on account of the weather. War hardens, but war educates; one must be different afterward, one must be wiser. — Pastor Wagner. The difference may. however, consist principally of a shortage of arms and

legs.

Don’t forget to register’ Only one opportunity! October 9 la the day. The thing has gone far enough. Those sharks are Interfering with the New Jersey shore business. They should scamper away. It Is likely, however, that If Villa and his villains imdertake another raid on the American border they will not 'find conditions so much to ^tbelr liking this tims. Meet Prices Lean Up'Ward. — Market page ^ Borne stunt! But then meat p:

Uw ^msn*F-TOjotHwto» mardisd c«a«N to be equal to anything newadaj

THE UNDER CITY

EVERYBODY ELSE DOES

Beneath every city Is a network of pipes about which the city authorities know more or leas But beneath every city there Is also a collection of pockets of quicksand, soft mud. water and other difficulties to the building contractor who must go to firm ground for the base of his foundation, about which, as a rule, city authorities know very little. In New York the building contractors who had lost heavily by running Into unsuspected underground conditions became so numerous that the city decided, after some discussion, to make a sort of underground survey of the districts which caused the most trouble This was partly done by Interviewing contractors who had already suffered. At convenient places borings were also made and the city engineers kept a careful record of the samples Now several engineers are at work placing the records In such shape that, when preparing bids on new work in an unfamiliar neighborhood, the contractor can get from permanent records some idea of the geology of that part of the city. This will save such losses as that sustained by the contractor who, according to the New York Evening Post, allowed two months in which to complete a building at Nassau and Liberty streets. A few feet beneath the surface he ran into soft mud. and it was eight months before he finished his job, settled his affairs in a bankruptcy court, and started again at the bottom in another sense. The city Itself has felt the need of such information, for In building the foundation for the present municipal building, a forgotten pond, long ago filled, proved to be a pocket of slush, causing a long delay in the work and the loss of much money.

NEW YORK POPULATION

[New York Times] More than half the banks In the United States, both national and state, which replied to a list of questions sent them by the Guaranty Trust Company of New York, take an uncomplimentary view of the federal reserve syetem. Out of 6,344 answers received 1,760 were generally favorable to tho law, 1.773 were unfa\orable, and 1,811 were noncommittal Previous efforts have been made to learn the sentiment of bankers toward the Owens-GIaes law, but the canvass just completed Is hy far the most comprehensive testimony obtainable. A copy of the questions was sent to every one of the 25 000 banks In the United States and the 6,344 replies represent the views of every section of the country. Tho Guaranty Trust Company. Itself the largest institution outside of the reserve system, draws no concluslorrs from Its summary and points no moral, but one of the officers said yesterday that "It probably will not be very comforting to the federal reserve board and the sponsors of the act to learn, as they will from a perusal of these answers, that banks maintaining a critical attitude toward tbe law outnumber those more favorably disposed, while those that are noncommittal exceed in number either of the other two classes.” The act became operative on November 16, 1914, so that the banks which approve or disapprove of Its workings had eighteen months to study Its operation before making their criticisms. These cover many points, not a few of the witnesses basing their objections in part on the personality of the present controller of

the currency.

Of the 1,760 favorable replies, 1,229, or 70 per cent., came from member bankers, and 631, or 30 per cent., from nonmembers. Of the 1,773 unfavorable replies, 1,088, or 81 per cent, came from members, and 685, or 39 per cent, from

nonmembers.

National banka, which had^no choice In the matter of becoming members of the new 8>atem, offered constructive suggestions in their answ'ers, which have been tabulated thus: General approval 636 Favor one central bank 186 In favor of abolishing controller’s office— 209 Suggest guarantee of deposits 34 Permit part of reserve to be kept with correspondents 66 Membership of state banks necessary for success of system 44 Permit federal reserve notes to be counted as legal reserve 28 From the sama clase of banks came tbe following objections. Would not bo a member if optional 146 Rediscount privilege of no value 34 Rediscount privilege of little value 243 Object to limitation of farm mortgages to 26 per cent, of capital 63 Exclusion of restrictions on real estate or mortgage loans (other than farm mortgages) 76 No dealings with federal reserve bank 699 Few dealings with federal reserve bank — 206 Object to political aspect of federal reserve board 77 Dissatisfaction with present controller 159 System of no value to country banks 267 System of little value to country bank# 227 Still necesMtY to maintain relations with correspondRits 598 Don't see why state banks should join 376 Object to no interest on deposits 903 Dividend Federal Reserve Bank stock unsatisfactory 624 Oapltallzatlon of federal reserve banks too large ^ System too expensive 328, I^portlon required for deposit too large ..2)8 State banks receive benefits without joining.. 65 Of the nonmembers replying, 63 object to the office of controller and 143 object to the present Incumbent of that office. Fifty complain of the political aspect of the reserve' board, and 77 of the political aspect of the system. That there is no advantage to be had In joining tho system is the verdict of 807 state Institutions, while 133 others believe the advantages outweighed by the dleadvantages^ It is reported, by 388 state banks that they can give better service through their correspondents than through the federal rpeerve bank. The Bulk of the Progressives [New York Times] It would not help the Republicans much to get the votes of Mr. Hale and Governor Johnson and a coiroral's guard of last-ditch impractlcables. The question is regarding the bulk of the Progressives. On that light is thrown by numerous local elections before the leaders deserted the army, and which show that in fact the army deserted the leaders before the great betrayal, the crime of 1916 Tbe list of reactionary elections to the disadvantage of tbe Progressives la too long to be recited here, but special attention may be given to the case of California while awaiting the response of Governor Johnson to Mr Hughes's invitation to get on the wagon. The latest and best clew to the probable action of the California Progressives Is given by the Los Angeles Times. It prints two I>age8 of solid reasons for disgust with the leadership of Governor Johnson and repudiation of all his party’s works. The Progressives have aouls far above sordid considerations They may be expected to ask: "What of ttr’ If the cost of government under them has risen In five years from flOi, 102,118 to 1176.422,682, "is It not worth ItT" Titled Women as Conductors [London Opinion] Don’t be surprised, should the next ’busconductress with whom you travel happen to drop her handkerchief. If you notice, while It Is being restored to her. that it Is marked with a coronet. I ana told by a society i>ersonage that quite a surprising number ot girls from Majrfeir Belgravia have gone in for being "conductorettea.” and are having the time of their lives at it! There are no actual ladies of title yet, so I hear, among these exalted punchers of tlckeu and collectors of fares, but one or two of them have "honourable” in front of their names, and some of them are of society’s creme de ia creme. One. I'm told, has a bet of £560 with a friend that she vid .ti-k >. fv. ’* l«*«r ^ix montha

[New York Sun] In the summary of vital sutlstlcs for this city for the week ending on June 24, published In the health department bulletin of July 1, the estimate of the number of Inhabitants in the city "reached by the arithmetical method In uee by the bureau of census” Is given as 6,602,841. But the census bureau has announced its estimate of the population to be 6,334,000, or 270,000 less than the local mathematicians

claim.

Both estimates are in excess of the figures given by the state count of 1915, which showed 6.047,221. and of the police tabulation made last fall, which revealed a population of 5,263,888. The health department’s estimate for July 1. 1915, was 6,806,532. These figures, the department rev-teed, hitting on 5,697,982 as a fair allowance. It Is on this estimate of population that the death rate must be figured, and until the department and the authorities with whose computations it must be compared come to some agreement that rate will be regarded with suspicion At present it is not and can not be taken seriously

• Ouch! [Cincinnati Enquirer] "Mr Toastmaster,” complained the tiresome after-dinner speaker, "there is so much conversation going on that I can’t hear a w'ord 1 am saying ” "Oh, well,” said a voice at the end of the table, "you are not missing much.”

Art's Poop Reward in Arkansas. [Little Rock Gazette] It is remarkable how few men who follow guitar playing for a living get rich.

They to’d her that to attempt such a thing would b« unwise, and so straightway she must dp it To their arguments she replied that several women of her acquaintance had mastered the things, and even if she was a grandmother and not very tall or very robust, that w-as no reason at alt why she shouldn’t learn ‘Everybody else does,” she said, "so why not I?" So they agreed to teach ner. In no time at all she was able, at a speed of ten miles an hour, and with nothing ahead of her but a seemingly endless stretch of smooth, deserted countrj*' road, td manipulate the iron beast with surprising dexterity. And since she loved tho country and there were plenty of long stretches of country road, visions came into her mind of pleasant half hours after the morning work was done—speeding gently through aisles of exuberant corn, past fields of hay sweet with fragrance liberated by the mower, and down along the river whore the branches of the sycamores jealously shielded the road from the ire of tho sun. But her vision was interrupted by the approach of a bronzed king enthroned on a load of hay. Prudently she steered her iron beast Into a fence corner while his horses sauntered by, lu? smiling indulgently, for no doubt he had two or three at home. In duo time she mastered the superficial essentials of straight driving Alone on the country road she^lmagined all kinds of tight situations, and Invariably she came out safe and sound. And then she essayed the city streets—not the quiet little streets through which she found her way to the country, but the busy streets where there were traffic policemen and hundreds of automobiles and thousands of pedestrians—poor soubi —who when run into or over can become excessively wroth, even when the of fender is only en amateur unused to the streets which, as some see it, not the automobilists but the pedestrians make unsafe. Thereupon ensued a period of the utmost confusion. It is not enough to pull on the steering wheel and shout “'Whoa.’’ The perverse thing is not amenable to vocal persuasion. It must be kicked and prodded. "Everybody else does," she maintained As so, apparently, everybody else did So did she But meantime she contributed the following as jier share in the destruction of the universe: One guaranteed collision bar, one bright and shiny fender, one chicken (which, however, proved upon examination to have passed to the great beyond some days previous, but that did not lessen the shock which came of having accidentally killed something), one new garage door, one ten-foot section of Immaculate picket fence (in this Instance there was a choice between a delivery wagon, captained by a somnolent youth, and the fence) and five sound nervous systems which had once been the unappreciated posseesions of members of the family. But now she is content to sit back and let the others do it. No doubt she gets a certain satisfaction out of knowing that magic has nothing to do with their behavior In tight places. And certainly she Is happy to have accomplished what'they thought was beyond her But it may be that she Is looking about for new worlds to con quer, ne-w problems to which she may bring her experience with the potent I formula ‘‘Everybody else does.”

The Wind and tha Sea ^ The ses is a jovial comnide, | Hs laushs wherever he so«s, ' His meniinent shines in the dimpllns lines That wrinkle his hale repose; He la>s htroself down at tho feet ot tbe sun. And shakes all over with glee. And the broad-backed billows fall faint on tbe shore. In tho mirth of tbe mlidity sea. But the wind is tad and restlesa, And cursed with an Inward pain; * You may hark aa you will, by valley or hill. But you hear him still complain. He wails on the barren moantains. And shrieks on the wintty sea; He sobs In the cedar, and moana to tha pine, And shudders all ovw tha a^wn urea. Welcome are both their voIom, And 1 know not which la baet.— Tha Uuzhter that allpa from tha ecaan'a llpa Or the comfortless wind's unroot. There's a pang in all rejoicing, A Joy In the heart of pain. And the wind that aaddens, the sea that gUuldena, ^ Are singing tho selfsama strain! —Bayard Taylor.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Mrs G H.. Cumberland—Please print a negro dialect poem about watermelon being "the favorite fruit."—Several poems about watprmelons. some of them In negro dialect, have been found, but none containing the expres-

sion mentioned.

X. Y Z., Terre Haute—How can I find the

address of a man who teaches manual training In the public schools of Columbus, Dayton or Cleveland, O 7—By addressing an inquiry to the school superintendents In tho three cities mentioned. or to the state superintendent of public

instruction, statehouse, Columbus. O. B F. B.. City—Kindly advise if there Is an

ordinance against wearing aigrettes in Chicago. —The ordinances of Chicago are not at hand, but since the government has prohibited the importation of aigrettes, thus placing itself In opposition to the practice of wearing them. It Is unlikely that any city has taken action on

Mrs. H. C. T., Elizabethtown—Please print Sarah T. Bolton's poem entitled "Indiana."—It will appear under ths heading “Poems Asked for by Readers.” Old Subscriber—The i>oem entitled “Th* Roamleb Lady” has been supplied through the kindness of Mrs J. C M., Ladoga, and will be forwarded on receipt of a stamped addressed

envelope.

L. C. R., City—The question as to whether there is a theatrical booking agency in Indianapolis was erroneously answered In the negative. There is such an agency in Indi-

anapolis.

F. J.. City—If a wife who has inherited property from re'atlvea dies Intestate, leaving a husband and children to what part of such Inherited property Is the husband, under the law’s of Indiana, entitled7-If there are two

the matter A question, together with a i or more children, the children take two-thirds

stamped addressed envelope, addressed to tho I and the widower one-third

Chicago city attorney, will bring definite In-I constant Reader-VVhere does the followformation. [ ing quotation occur? "Where Ignorance la

J D. F—Please name the Presidents of the | Migg 'tis folly to be wise ’—In a poem en-

Unlted States who have served two terms. George 'Washington. 1789-97, Thomas Jefferson, 1801-8, James Madison, 1809-17; James Monroe, 1817-25, Andrew Jackson 1829-37, U. S Grant, 1869-77, Grover Cleveland, 1886-89 and 1893-97 (2) Which Presidents were nominated by their respective parlies, but defeated for reeloctlon?—John Adams, In 1800. John Quincy Adams. In 1828, Martin Van Buren, In 1840. Grover Cleveland, in 1888, but re-elected m 189‘2, Benjamin Harrison, In 1892, William H

Taft, In 1912.

C. B.—When is the yellow fever season In the south?—It used to be Identical with the mosquito season, but the disease Is practically eradicated Senator Ransdell. of Louisiana, speaking in the senate, a few days ago. said 'There has not been a case of yellow fe\er

titled • Ode on a distant Ih'ospect of Eton College,” by Thomas Gray author of the celebrated "Elegy in a Country Churchjard."

Here Is the stanza

Tet, ah. why should they know their fate,

Since sorrow never comes too late, And happiness too swiftly files?

Thought would destroy their paradise,

No more—where Ignorance is bliss

‘Tls folly to be wise

(2) Also the followiing, which I think occurs In Shakespeare and which I think Is quoted Incorrectly "That is what we doctors say when we see our mistakes go by In hearses” —Nothing of the kind In Shakespeare and we

are unable to locate It.

L. B —What Is the provision of the new military law for the protection of the unl-

In the South since the [ form or the wearing of It by person, not In eleven years ago, under the It^dershlp of the the service’-Section 125 of the new law says public health service and with our know!- unlawful for any per«,n not an edge of Its dlseemlnatlon through the medium - y not

of the Stogomyla mosquito, an Insect which Is finding Its habitat more and more restricted

officer or enlisted man of the United States army, navy or marine corps, to wear the duly

finding us umted statas army, there la not the •llghtest_dang«_o_f_lt. n>rw_d dUtlnctlve pari

of such uniform, or a uniform any part of which is similar to a distinctive part of the duly prescribed uniform of the United States army, navy or marine corps Provided, that the foregoing provision shall not be construed so as to prevent officers or enlisted men of the national guard trom wearing, In pursuance of law and regulations, the uniform lawfully prescribed to be worn by such offleera or enlisted men of the national guard, nor to prevent members of the organization knqwn aa the Boy Scouts of America, or the naval militia, or such other organizations as the secretary of war may designate, from wearing their prescribed uniforms, nor to prevent persons who In time of war have served honorably as officers of the United States army, navy or marine corps, regular or volunteer, and whose most recent service was terminated by an honorable discharge, muster out. or resignation, from wearing, upon occasions of ceremony. the uniform of the highest grade they have held by brevet or other commission in such regular or volunteer service; nor to prevent any person ,who has been honorably discharged from the United States army, navy or marine corps, regular or volunteer, from wearing his uniform from the place of his discharge to his home, ♦'Ithln three months after the date of such discharge, nor to preV'ent the members of military societies composed entirely of honorably discharged officers or enlisted men, or both, of the United States army, navy or marine corps, regular or volunteer, from wearing, upon occasions of esremony. the uniform duly prescribed by such

formed and for whom named? Can you name | societies to be worn by the members thereof; any of tho early settlera?-The county was j nor to prevent the Instructors and members creatsd from Sullivan and Daviess counties j of the duly organized cadet corps of a state

should by any chance an Infected person happen to pass through one of the numerous efficient quarantine stations. The disease, as far os tha south Is concerned, is a matter of history, and as a factor In present-day problems has been relegated by sanitation to tho realm of

remote possibility.”

M. M. D —Is the urban or city population of the United States growing faster than the rural or country population 7—The census returns show that tha so-called urban population is growing faster In proportion than the country population. The census bureau classes as urban population the Inhablunts of places having a population of 2.500 or more On this basis, in 1880, 70.5 per cent of the population of the United States lived In rural communities, in 1890, 63 9 per cent.. In 1900, 59.6 per cent., and in 1910, only 63.7 per cent. In other words, in 1910, 46 2 per cent, of the population of the United Sutes. or nearly one-half, lived In places of more than 2.500 inhabitants Between 1900 and 1910 the Incrcaee in rural population was 4,968.953, or 11.2 per cent. while the urban population increased 11.018 738, or 34 8 per cent. The cities grew more than three times as fast aa the country dlstrlcU, In six states, namely, New Hampshire, Vermont, Ohio. Indiana, Iowa and Missouri, there was an actual decrease In rural population. In 1910 the total population of rural territory was 49 348,883, population of incorporated places of less than 2.500 InhabltanU, 8,119.528. population of cltlea having each more than 2.600 in-

habiUbta. 42,628,383.

B M. a —'WTien was Greene county, Indiana,

by act of the leglalature. January 6, 18S1 The county seat wu first located at Burlington, but was afterward removed to Bloomfield. Some of the early aettlen were John Van Vorst. Daniel Carlin, Peter C. Van Slyker. Cornelius P Van Slyker, James Warrick, Thomas Bradford and William Scott, Tho county was named for General Nathaniel Greene, of revolutionary war fame Of Quaker descent, the eon of a Quaker preacher and htmaelf a Quaker, he was one of the most ardent patriots of the period. When hostilities began be hastened to the front on horseback so hurriedly that he had to borrow money of a friend for current expenses, and he bade good-by to bis wife by letter In which he said: "The injury done my country and the chain# of slavery forging for posterity call me forth to de^ fend our common rights and repel ‘the bold Invaders of the sons of freedewa.’ *' In this spirit he fought through the entire war, rendering distinguished service in many waya

university, state college, or public high school offering a regular course in mlilUry Instructlon from wearing the uniform duly prescribed by the authorities of such unlvsrslty, oollcge or public high school for wear by tbe instructors and members of such cadet corps, nor to prevent the instructors and members of the duly organised cadet corps of any other Instltutlon of learning offering a regular course In military Instruction, and at which an officer or enlisted man of the United States army, navy or marine corps is lawfully detailed for duty as instructor In military science and tactics, from wearing the uniform duly prsscribed by the authorities of such Institution of learning for wear by the Inetnietom and members of such cadet .eorpa; nor to prevent civilians attendant upon a coarse of mlllury or naval instroctiosi authorised and conducted by the military or naval authorities of the United SUtes from wearing, while in attendance upon such course of instruction, the uni-

After the war the state of Georgia presented i form authorised and prescribed by such mlllhlm with a farm on the Saiannah river, and ! tary or naval authorities for wear during such In visiting this farm he received a sunstrdte course of Instruction; nor m prevent any perfrom the effects of which he died June 19, son from wearing tha uniform of the United 1786, General Wayne (Mad Anthony Wayne). States army, navy or marins corps in any who had served with him, wrote: "He waa playhouse or theater or in moving plotiuw great as a soldier, greater as a eltixen, Iro- films while actually engaged In representing maculate as a friend " By order of congrwiA thereto a military or naval character not teoda bronas equestrian statue of him atanda Ing to brtog diacredtt or reproacli apen tba a public square at Washington. United State# anny. navy or marina coipa/’

Berlin^ has registered 107,909 alien reeidenta. London haa 79,600 miles of telephone and telegraph wires. There is a waterfall in New Zealand which is 1,904 feet high. A strike of undertakers took place at Liverpool, England, recently. American preaened orange, lemon and citron peel finds favor In Canada. J. A. Willard, of Philadelphia, has a snuffbox said to be 010 years old. New York finds Coney Island restaur* ants more sanitary than tbe city’s More than 70 per cent of tbe exports of Jamaica come to the United States, St. Louis haa one factory which win this year consume 100,000,000 feet of lumber. Waterproof mag"*ta will lift scrap iron from the river bw,,i.om in salvage operations. The temperature of southern Australis varies not more than 20 degrees during tbe year. Philadelphia cleanup week coet the taxpayeta $12,000 for disposing of 90,000 cubio yards of refuse. f More than 2,000,000 Ehiropean women have been forced to take up men’a work since the war startedB. A. Clark, dead at Mventy-flrA ta Ashtabula, O.. waa a double in appearance of J. Wilkes Booth, assassin of Lincoln. Girard college, Philadelphia, recently observed the one-hundred-and-slxty-sixth anniversary of the birth of Stephen Girard, Its founder. An ordei for two tons of a Chicago poultry food was placed by a Bermuda dealer after an Interview with Consul Cart 1C Lo<»p at Hamilton. The adjective derived from Monaco, famous prmcli>aiity that contains Monte Carlo, is not Monacan, aa one might thmk, but Monageaque. , Judge Dougherty, of San Jose, CaL, rules that Joseph Cirlncolini, convicted of insulting women, must never again walk the streets unless accompanied by Mra C. Tbe discovery in an Austrian cemetery of glass mirrors dating from the second or third century upset the theory that tbe ancients depended on polished metal to see themselves. A statistical person has figured the 'tosees to agriculture as a result of depredations of Infects and rodents as lli a year for each man, woman and child in the United dtates. To aid In teaching the touch system of typewriting or piano playing, there haa been invented a horizontal shield that ia woi a on the note and supported from the ears like spectacles. Noah Lundy, a farmer living near Areola. Ill, put 12,®0 in currency in a mall order house’s catalogue for safe-keeping, Mrs. Lundy, cleaning house, burned the catalogue and the money with It. South Dakota people utilise their automobiles as prairie dog cxtermlnatora They destroy the animal by conducting the exhaust from their engines into the burrow, using a bit of hose for tbe purpose. Argentina imported LOOO thrashing machines during the year ending March 31, 19_6, a record importation. The 1915 statls« tics showed a total Importation of 62T thrashers, which was mora than In 1914. Orzokerlte Ik a natural mineral waz, found originally oozing In small quantities from rocks of the coal formation, It has been discovered in Moldavia, and Galicia, and is used chiefly In candlemaking. Horatio H. Carter and Carroll 'Thompson, two Belfast, Me., letter carriers, have completed twerty-three years of ser\ice and In addltloh have the distinction of being the first two letter carrleia appointed in Belfast. , Sparrows have Increased In numbers so alarmingly in the district of Brunswick, Germany, that the municipal authorities have offered a reward of 10 pfennigs (2 33 cents) for each sparrow’s nest with eggs and half that sum for each dead fledged sparrow Japanese manufacturers have many agents tiaveling In the Central American republics seeking to extend the sale of Japanese goods there, according to information received by the bureau of foreign and. domestic commerce in Washington. One of the lines being pushed is Japanese matches. The official organization for handling trade between Germany and Russian Poland. now occupied by the German armies, consists at present of seventy Chambera of Commerce. It has published a report stating that the total value of sales effected between German and Polish firms through the organization has been more than 12.380,000. The organization has appointed 200 agents to represent German firms In Poland. Details of the regulations fixing tha prices of flour and braail In the principal clUes of Austialla are given In an article In the Melbourne Age. The price of flour is fixed at 164 75 a ton. except in western Australia, where it is |55.4« The price of bread in statee other than Western Australia IS fixed at 13.2 cents for a fourpound loaf sold oVer the counter, and 14 3 cents in Western Australia. Where a fraction of four pounds is bought a proportionate price is to be charged. Havana Is to have a big amusement park and hippodrome. It will be In the suburb of Cerro, accessible from the central portion of the Cuban capital by means of two electric egr lines. Among the features promised for the new park is an annual agricultural, horticultural, and live stock fair, at which will be exhibited the principal products of Cuba. The cost of the park and buildings will reach,-It is estimated, $400,000. An effort will be made to hold the Olympic games of 1920 In the new Havana park. In spite of additional expenses due to the war, tho street railways of 'Vienna, owned by the city, paid Into the Vienna treasury during the first year'of the war the sum of $480,900. The report for the fiscal year In question shows that, whereas the city-owned street railways employed In normal pe<u;e times 12,308 persons, they Jost 5,7(KX) Immediately to the army and 1.700 later, and were obliged To fill the vacancies largely with women Not only did the service continue, however, without Interruption, but new work wav undertaken, such as the transportation of wounded soldiers by special street trains and the forwarding ol all sorts of freight. A project was recently approved by the Russian government for the construction of a privately owned railway to serve the big timber areas of northern Russia and the mining regions of the northern Ural mountains. The new line will run from Archangel, the Russian White sea port that has come Into such prominence during the present war, through Plnega, across the Urals, and through northern Siberia to Chenshevsky on the River Oh There will also be a branch from the Ural chain to Nadexhdlnak. The length of tbs line will be about 1,U00 miles. Owlug to tha difficult nature of the region to bs traversed the estimated cost of oonstrostlon is I6L0H.0O0L