Indianapolis News, Indianapolis, Marion County, 2 December 1902 — Page 2

THE INDIANAPOLIS NEWS, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1902.

ESIDENT ROOSEVELTS MESSAGEFIFTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS

I

EXTRACTS FROM THE MESSAGE t' 'orporatkm*. knd wpocUlly combination* of corporaUons. should L.TWnjin f"* under pubUc regulation. [ i T/taiPV—One war in which the readjustment sought can be reached Is by ttftprocllt treaties. Whererer the tarftt conditions are such that a needed change can not with advantage be made by the application of the reciprocity hfcla, then It can he made outright by a lowering of duties on a given product. I m my Judgment the tariff on anthracite coal should be removed. CAPITAL A510 LABOR—Each must refrain from arbitrary or tyrannous Interference with the rights of others. Cl BA—Cuba has become a part of our International political system. I urge the adoption of ractproclty with Cuba. ARBITItATIOB—Wherever possible, arbitration or some similar method should be employed In Hsu of war to settle dinculties. THE PHILIPPINES—No policy ever entered into by the American people has vindicated Itself In more signal manner than the policy of holding the Philip-

plnm.

gaVY—The Monroe doctrine should be treated aa the cardinal feature of American foreign policy, but It would be worse than Idls to gaeert it nnlcsa w* Intend to back It up. and it can be backed up only by a thoroughly good n * V Hi,'RAL PEEK DELIVERY —The results following Its Introduction have fully justified the Congress In the large appropriations made for Its establish-

ment Mid extension.

PUBLIC LANDS—The remaining public lands should be held for the home builder, the settler who lives on his land and for no one ela*. CIVIL SERVICE—It la much to be desired that our consular system he established by law on a basis providing for appointment and promotion only in consequence of approved fitness.

entry ean not Usrlgt ebaagee

Hf. eud that the c« pro.per under gtfal at .hurt Intervals.

Moreover, If the tariff laws as a whole | work well, and If business has prospered under them and is prospering. It Is better to endure for a time slight Inconveniences and Inequalities In some schedules than to i upset business by too quick and too rad- I

leal changes.

It Is most eatraeatly to be wished that we coaid treat the tarlg from | the standpoint solely of our business needs. It In. perhnps. too h to hope thnt partlnnnshlp may entirely eaeluded from consld- | llou pt the nuhjeet. hnt nt lenst !

secondary to the j of the c-onntry—j tercets of onr pro- 1 e. Unquestionably j

hoalnenn flnteresta yslll best be ved If. togte-thcr with tlxlty of | triple an regnrda the tariff, we 1 combine a ayatem whlrh yslll permit . 1 from time to time to mnkr the

tie prln- j 1 needs.

culation; and of making all kinds of monev Interchangeable, and. at the will of the holder, convertible Into the established gold standard. I again call your attention to the need of passing a proper Immigration law, covering the points outlined tn my message to you at the first session of the present Congress; substantially such a Mil has already passed the House. CAPITAL AND LABOR ARE MUTUALLY DEPENDENT

ra«

Sat It c

Interests

that la, to the ft»t< pie aa m wfeole the«e bnalaeaa late

aer prli

fthlne m mymt

to 111

oecesaary reapplle triple to the ahlftlr

Toltowing Is the message of President Roosevelt, sent to Congress to-day; To the Senate and House of Representa-

tives;

We still continue In e period of unbounded prosperity. This prosperity Is not the creature of law. but undoubtedly the laws under which we work have been instrumental In creating the conditions which made It possible, and by unwise legislation It would be easy enough to destroy it. There will undoubtedly be periods of depression. The wave will recede; but the tide will advance. This nation to seated on a continent flanked by two great oceans. It Is composed of men the descendants of pioneers, or. In a | sense, pioneers themselves; of men wlnI nowed out from among the nations of the j old world by the energy, boldness, and lev* of adventure found In their own eager hearts. Such a nation, ao placed, will surely wrest success from fortune. As a people we have played a large part In the world, and we are bent upon making our future even larger than the paat. la particular, the events of the last four year, have definitely decided that, for woe or for weal, our place must be great among the nations. We may either fall greatly or succeed greatly; but we can not avoid the endeavor from which either great failure or great succeee must come. Kven If w* would, we can not play a small oart. If we should try all that would follow would be that we should play a large part

tgrobly and shamefully. Iron In Thoir Blood.

But oqr people, the sons of the men of the civil war, the aone of the men who had iron In their blood, rejoice In the present and face the future high of heart and r^olute of will. Ours Is not the creed of the weakling and the coward; ours la the gospel of hope and of triumphant endeavor. We do not shrink from the struggls before us. There are many problems for us to face at the outset of the twentieth century—grave problems abroad and still graver at home; but we know that wa can solve them and eolve them well, provided gply that we bring to the eolutlon the qualities of head and heart which were shown by the men who. In the days of Washington, founded this Government, and. In the days of Lincoln, preserved It. No coogtry has ever occupied a higher plane of material well-being than ours at the present moment. This well-being is due to no sudden or accidental causes, but to the play of the economic forces in this country for over a century; to our laws, our sustained and continuous policies; above all, to the high Individual average of our pUisenshlp. Great fortune* have been won by those who have taken the lead In this phenomenal Industrial development, and most of these fortunes have been won not by doing evil, but as an incident to action which hsts benefited the community as a whole Never before has material Well-being been so widely diffused among our people. Great fortunes have been accumulated, and yet in the aggregate these fortunes are small Indeed when compared to the wealth of the people aa a whole. The plain people are better off than they have ever been before. The Insurance companies, which are practically mutual benefit societies—especially helpful to men of moderate means—represent accumulations of capital which are among the larg-

est In this country.

Conditions Not to Discriminate. There are more deposits in the savings banks, more owners of farms, more wellpaid wage-workers In this country now than ever before in our history. Of

the conditions have favored of so much that was good,

also favored somewhat the rhat was evil. It is eminently that we should endeavor to cut

_ evil, but let us keep a due sens* agBfftortlon; let us not hi fixing our gax* u*BB W»e l*»»cr evil forget the greater JMM* The evils are real and some of them are menacing, but they are th* outgrowth. net of misery or decadence, but of prosperity—of the progreaa of our gigantic industrial development. This Industrial development must not bd checked, but aide by side with It should such progressive regulation < as will

»vils. We should fall In our I sot try to remedy the evil*, eed only If we proesad

ti common sense paratlng the good g on to the former

the latter.

but we i patiently, as well as

from the bad and bolding on to While endeavoring to get rid of

REMEDY FOR TRUST EVIL AGAIN PROPOSED

Large Corporations Should he Managed Under Pnhlte Regulation—

Rrsult of Bgperlenee. ' In my message t# the present

at tta first the questio

‘ ooi

(tate ousmesn, uivcn wrt\u * dency to monopoly, which are

JCtMWn as trusts. The

Mg Corporations terstate business,

dency to i known as Se-VeX,

posed.

age t» the present Congress session I discussed at length n of the regulation of those itlons commonly doing an Inslnesa, often With some ton-

■ tch are popularly «*pcrlence of the

is ti

x has emi

hint;

nphaslsed, of the step*

. opinion, then pro-

fundame:

is

ntal requisite of social effl-

high standard of Individual energy and excellence; but this Is in no wise mconalstent with power to get in i] combination for aMna which can not ao

achieved by the Individual acting l fundamental base of civilisation nvlolablUty of property; but this

no wise inconsistent with the right

Ao regulate the exercise of the powers which It confers upon rs of property, under the nafft* at* franchises. In such a way as it the misuse of these powers.

aad especially eessoratldhs, akoold he public rearmlatlea. shows that anger

that

veraaseat the as aat he oh-

aettoa. It meat thrre*4 hp national ae-

to 40

with corse big ag•velopment

td the effort

on the alike of

complished In ways that would work the utmost mischief to the entire body politic. We can do nothing of good in the way of regulating and supervising these corporations until we fix clearly In our minds that we are not attacking the corporations, but endeavoring to do away with any evil In them. Against Misconduct. We are not hostile to them; we are merely determined that they shall be so handled as to subserve the public good. We draw the line against misconduct, not amlnst wealth. The capitalist who. alone or In conjunction- with his fellows, performs some great Industrial feat by which he wins money is a welldoer, not a wrongdoer, provided only be works In proper and legitimate lines. We wish to favor such a roan when he does well. We wish to supervise and control his actions only to prevent him from doing 111. Publicity can do no harm to the honest corporation; and we need not be over tender about sparing the dishonest corporation. In curbing and regulating the combinations of capital which are or may become Injurious to the public we must be careful not to atop th, great enterprises which have legitimately reduced the cost of production, not to abandon the place wnicn our country has won In the leadership of the International Industrial world, not to strike down wealth with the result of closing factories and mines, of turning the wage worker Idle In the streets and leaving the fanner wltnout a market for what

he grows.

Insistence upon the Impossible means de-

in achieving the possible, exactly as, other hand, the stubborn defense hat is good and what Is bad in

the existing system, the resolute effort to obstruct any attempt at betterment, betrays blindn.-ss to the historic truth that wise evolution Is the sure safeguard

against revolution.

No more Important aohfoet earn come before the Congress than this of the regulation of interstate bnsl- »***• The eoiiBtry ess not afford to sit soplse sn the plea that nnder oor peculiar system of government we are helpless la the preseaee of the atw conditions, sad nnable to grapple with them or to cat oat whatever of evil has arisen la con-

nection with them.

The power of the Congress to regulati interstate commerce Is an absolute unqualified grant, and without tin tlons other than those prescribed by th*

constitution.

Power Not Exhausted.

The Congress has constitutional au-

thority to make all laws necessary and proper for executing this power, e^d 1 am satisfied that this power has not been exhausted by any legislation now on the statute books. It Is evident, therefore, that evils restrictive of commercial freedom and entailing restraint upon national commerce fall within the regulative power of the Congress, and that a wise and reasonable law would be a necessary

and proper exercise of congress!

thoritv. to the end that such

be eradicated.

I believe that monopolies, unjust discriminations, which prevent or cripple competition, fraudulent over capitalization and other evils in trust organisations a ' practices which Injuriously affect tnt<

state trade can be prevented

of the Congress to “re

me to tlun of

ng natloi

Would Cause Paralysis. We must take scrupulous care that the reappllcatlon shall be made in such a way that It will not amount to a dislocation of our system, the mere threat of which (not to speak of the performance) would produce paralysis tn the business energies of the community. The first consideration in making these charges would, of course, be to preserve the principle which underlies our whole tariff system—that Is the principle of putting American business Interests at least cn a full equality with fn-ter-sts abroad, and of always allowing a sufficient rate of duty to more than cover the difference between the labor cost here

Bnd abroad.

The well-being of the wage-worker, like the well-being of the tiller of the soli, should be treated as an essentia! In sht

ing our whole

economi

essentia! in shap- given 1c policy. There tacks

They Should Work Together for the t'ommoa Good—Poor Mas aad illrh Man on the Home 1‘Iane. How to secure fair treatment alike for labor and capital, how to hold in check the unscrupulous man, whether employer or employe, without weakening Individual Initiative, without hampering and cramping the Industrial development of the country, is a problem fraught with great difficulties and one which tt is of the highest importance to solve on lines of sanity and far-sighted common sense us well as of devotion to the right. This is an era of federation and com-

bination.

Exactly as business men find they must often work through corporations, and as it Is a constant tendency of these corporations to grow larger, so It is often necessary for laboring men to work In federations, and these have become important factors of modern Industrial life Both kinds of federation, capitalistic and labor, can do much good, and as a neces-

corollary they can both do evil. Opto each kind of ' organization tke the form of opposition to Is bad In the conduct of any

given corporation or union—not of at-

Uions as such n

and writh this end in view, should endow the departi

perlence might sh

the Congress

ndow the department with large which could be increased as ex-

CUBANS' INTERESTS SAME AS OUR OWN INTERESTS

The Island Is a Tart of Oar Political System and We should Not

Fall In Our Doty.

I hope soon to submit to the Senate a reciprocity treaty with Cuba. On May SO last the Vnlted States kept its promise to the Island by formally vacating Cuban soil and turning Cuba over to those whom her own people had choaen as the first Officials of the new republic. Culm lies at our doors, and whatever affects her for good or for Ut affects us also So much have our people felt this that In the Platt amendment we definitely took the ground that Cuba must hereafter have closer political relations with us than with any other power.

Thu» In n sense I'll

irt of

system. Hint In

Th

retur f the

onr eeounm

‘use t ubs has become International political makes It necessary

she should he

given oik, I uu

position should * t

Id _

beneffts of becoming

le system. It Is.

point.

from onr own standpoint, a shortnlghted unit mischievous policy to fall to recognise this need. Moreover. it Is nuworthy of a mlghty nnd generous nation. Itself the Itreatest nnd most sneewaatnl repn lie In history, to refuse to stretch out n hrlplng timid to a young and

vv cnW

npou Its career of indepe;

upon corporations as such nor upon

“RUSH” WORK ON PRESIDENTS MESSAGE.

Pffnsrffffd umomm au*mo im rum aovsnsMa/vr rKimrima orncm at WASnimaTO*. WORKIHO OH THt HHmHIDmHT'B MBBSAOm.

now ponding with Colombia to secure her assent to our building th* canal. This canal will be one of the greatest englnesrInfe feats of the twentieth century; a greater engineering feat than has yet been accomplished during th* hlatory of mankind. The work should be carried out as a continuing policy without regard to change of administration; and tt should he begun under circumstances which will make It a matter of pride for all administrations to continue th* policy.

The canal will be of great benefit America, and of Importance

I will be of great benefit to

America, and of Importance to all the world. It will be of advantage to us Industrially and also as Improving our mill-

ooeltlon. It win be of adv

ount '

jvantage to

countries of tropical America. It la leatly to be hoped that all of those countrlea will do aa some of them have already done with signal suceeas. and will Invite to their shores commerce and Imtheir mate/tal conditions by rocog-

stablllty and order are the of successful development.

inrea

prove their ntale/UI conditions nixing that stability and order are

prerequisite,

Nk* Independent natlaa la America need have the slightest fear of aggression from the United States. It

behooves each

mve* <

der within tta own discharge Its Just foreigners. When this I

■d tbs

nr to maintain nr>wn borders aad to

obligations to Is tkone, they

can rest assured that, be they strong or weak, they have aofhlajr to dread from outside Interfereoo*. More and more the Increasing Interdependence and complexity of International political and economic relations render It Incumbent on all clvtllmed and orderly powers to Insist on the proper policing

of the world.

PACIFIC CABLE ALMOST READY FOR BUSINESS

Itself th, tnl repub lo atretcl

elplng baud to a young nnd Ister republic Jant entering < career of Independence.

We should always fearlessly Insist upon c.ur rights In tne face of the strong and we should with ungrudging hand do our generous duty by the wtok. 1 urge the adoption of reciprocity with Cuba not only because It Is -mirently for our own Interests to control the Cuban market and by every means »o foster our supremacy hi

the tropical lands and waters south of us. “'‘orcs-e,, occretsry or oisre, bet also because wo, of the giant republic asking whether permission would be of the north, should make all our sister granted by the President to a corporation

All-American Line AVIII Run From the Coast to the Chinese Empire

—Porto Kteo’s showing.

During the fall of 1901 a communication was addressed to the Secretary of State,

torth. sho:

nations < f the American that whenever they will ] sire to sb w ourselves i effectively their friend.

A convention with Great Britain has been concluded, which will be at once lata

before the Set.ate

stcr

itlnent feel

II permit It we de-dls|ntere.-Uedly and

tain hai

once

re the senate for ratification, providing for reciprocal trade arrangements between the i nlted States and Newfoundland on substantially the lines of the convention fotmerly negotiated by the Secretary of State, Mr Blaine. I believe reclp1 trade relations will be greatly to

advantage of both countries.

roca

the

ARBITRATION BEST WAY TO SETTLE DIFFICULTIES

Progress of Clvtllsatlaa Is Making War Unpopular—Consideration

Hawaiian Fire Clnlms.

r going, would people of the red Into by

in people has vindicated are signal mannor than of koldlag the Phlllp-

faster than we entail calamity

Islands.

No poller ever entered Into by the American people has vindicated Itself la more signal manner thi

the polley

pines.

The triumph of our arms, above alt the triumph of our laws and principles, has come sooner than w* had any right to expeet. Too much praise can not b* given to the army for what It has done In the Philippines both In warfare and from an administrative standpoint In preparing the way for civil government; and similar credit belongs to the civil authorities for the way In which they have planted the seeds of self-government In

granted by the President to a corporation to lay a cable from a point on the California coast to the Philippine island by way of Hawaii. A statement of conditions or terms upon which such corporation would undertake to lay and operate a

cable waa volunteered.

Inasmuch aa the Congress was shortly

to convene, and Pacific cable legislation had been the subject of consideration by the Congress for several years, tt seemed

to me wise to defer action upon the apptl- • * or ,h * 8, * e t * le ru *^ on ' Bnd mo * t cer ' cation until the Congreas had first sn op- j " ,>ould ^ “* th * Wffhest

point of efficiency. The senior officers are given scant chance under ordinary conditions tn exercise commands com-

ite with their rank, under clrcum which would fit them to do theh

Force Greatly Reduced. The courage, the unflinching endurance, the high soldierly efficiency, and the general kind-heartedness and humanity of our troops have been strikingly manifested. There now remain only some fifteen thousand troops tn the Islands. All told, over one hundred thousand have been sent there. Of course, there have been Individual Instances of wrongdoing among them. They warred under featful difficulties of climate and surroundings; and under the strain of the terrible provocation* which they continually received from their foes, occasional instiinces of cruel retaliation occurred. Every effort has been made to prevent such cruellies, and finally these efforts have been completely

successful.

Every effort has also been made to detect and punish the wrongdoers. After making all allowance for these misdeeds. It remains true that few Indeed have been the Inatanees In which war has been waged by a civilized power against serotclvIUxed or barbarous forces where there has been so little wrongdoing by the victors as In the Philippine Islands. On the other hand, the amount of difficult. Important and beneficent work which has been done Is well-nigh Incalculable. Taking the work of the army and the civil authorities together. It may be questioned whether anywhere else In modern times the world has seen a better exampie of real constructive statesmanship than our people have given In the Ph lipplne Islands. High praire should also bo given those Filipinos, in the aggregate very numerous, who have accepted the new conditions and Joined with our representatives to work with hearty good-will for

the welfare of the Islands. Small for tha Nation.

The army has been reduced to the minimum allowed by law. It Is very small

for lay ng Its cable. It all

As civilization grows warfare becomes cation to the President for

vened.

Meanwhile It merclal Pacific

promptly proceeded

for lay ng its

appears that the Corn-

Cable Company had with preparations It also made appll-

less and less the normal condition of for-

us

elgn relations. The last century has seen ^^u^b.^'ro^^ ° f

of soundings tak

;en by for the

to and United

; mensunt

■ stances which would I duty In time of actual maneuvering our army

little else has be>n beg

steadily continued.

\% ,(lkut su

; pect that tn

tin and

m to do their A system of

s of some should be

marked diminution of wars between civilized powers; wars with uncivilised powers are largely mere matters of International police duty, essential for the

welfare of t,he world.

Ytherever pcnathle. arbitration or some similar method should be employed in tteu of war to settle

that with could comp than if It i

It W'

ings upon its own account. Pending cor slderatlon of this subject. It appeared Itr

to attach

access to

de*e its cable much

uir<

ese Me

qulred to take account. Pendli

a* nd

wlonal auvils should

Jon and

feet Interunder the

“regulate corn-

power of ft __

merce with foreign nations and among the several States" through regulations

and requirements o|

sue'

thereof, a

I earnestly recommen the consideration of the

view to th,

Us ore

mvst never be any change which will jeopardize the standard of comfort, the standard of wages of the American wage-

worker.

Oar way In wklrh tke rendjoatmeat aoBght can be reached la by reelproelly treaties. It Is greatly to be desired that suck treaties may be

adopted.

They can be used to widen our markets and to give a greater field for the activities of our producers on the one hand, and on the other hand to secure In practical shape the lowering of duties when they are no longer needed for protection among our own people, or when the minimum of damage done may be disregarded for the sake of the maximum of good accomplished. If it prove impossible to ratify the pending treaties, and if there seem to be no warrant for the endeavor •to execute others, or to amend the pending treaties so that they can be ratified, then the same end—to secure reciprocity— should be met by direct legislation. Wherever the tariff conditions nre such thnt n needed change can not with nd vantage be made by the application of the reciprocity idea, then II can be made ontrlght by a lowering of ilntles on a given prodnet. If possible, such change should be made only after the fnllest consideration by practical experts, who nhonld approach the subject from a hnslneas standpoint, having In view both the particular Inler-

regul

rating directly upon

•ntalitle*

pe rating

rnmerce, the Instrument nd those engaged therein,

stly recommend this subject to deration of the Congress with a o the passage of a law reasonable In ovlslona and effective In Its opera-

tions. upon which the question can be finally adjudicated that now raise doubts

as to the necessity of constlt

amendment. laaposslbl «oscs abo'

i. fi

Irw both th,

ests affected nnd well-being of the The machinery for

fal Investlgwtlo

par the

iC coramcrcl

e people as a whole,

providing such on can readily

TMm Mxsgxsff mmimo hhihtao. n

cn maneuvers It Is folly to ex-

at In the event of hostilities with

lous foe even a small army corps

could be handled to advantage. Both our officers and enlisted men are such that we can take hearty pride tn them. No belter material can be found. But they must be thoroughly trained, both as Individuals and In the mass The marksmanship of the men receive special attention. In the cir-

portant and d<sirabte to attach certain ; cumatance* of modern warfare the man conditions to the permission to examine mug t PC ( f ar more on his own individual and use the soundings. If It should be responsibility than ever before, and the

high Individual efficiency of the unit Is of the utmost Importance. Formerly this unit was the regiment; it is now —’u- —

ment. not even the troop t Is the Individual soldier. Ev<

practicable route for

cable, ut» company urging !

jndlngs It .

sooner j sound- j

I wared Un-

certain

use

granted.

Maximum Rates.

In consequence of this solicitation of the cable company, certain conditions were formulated, upon which the President was willing to allow access to these soundings, and to consent to the landing and laying of the cable, subject to any alterations or additions thereto Imposed by the Congress. This was deemed proper, especially as tt was clear that a cable connection of some kind with China, a foreign country, was a part of the company's plan. This course was. moreover, in accordance with a line of precedents, including President Grant's action In the case of the first French cable, explained to the Congress In his annual message of December, 1875, and the Instance occurring in 1S79 of the second French cable from Brest to 8t. Pierre, with a branch to Cape Cod. These conditions prescribed, among other things, a maximum rate for commercial messages and that the company should construct a line from the Philippine Islands to China, there being at present, as Is well known, a British line from Manila to Hong-Kong. The representatives of the cable company kept these conditions long under consideration, continuing. In the meantime. to prepare for laying the cable. They have, however, at length acceded to them, and an all-American line between

unions reach!.

such: for some of the most far-

ng beneficent work

for our people

has been accomplished through both cor-

porations and unions.

Each mast refrain from arbitrary or tyrannous Interference with the rights ot others. Organized ca pit and organised labor alike s! remember that In the long rn interest of raeli mast be br.

constitutional

nder

tl.

It It growe Impossible to pllsh the purposes above set

hy sneh n law, then, aaenredly. we shnnld not shrink from amending the eonatltatlon no as ta aeenre beyond perad venture the power

snnght.

The Congress has not heretofore made any appropriation for the better enforcement of the anti-trust law as It now stands. Very much has been done by the Department of Justice In securing the enforcement of this law, but much more could be done If Congress would make a special appropriation for this nurnose to

be expend

Attorney -Genera Not the Remedy.

One proposition advocated has been the reduction of the tariff as a means of reaching the evils of the trusts which fall within the category I have described. Not merely would this be wholly ineffective. but the diversion of our efforts in such a direction would mean tne abandonment of all Intelligent attempt to do away with these evils. Many of the largest corporations, many of those which should certainly be Included in any proper scheme of regulation, would not be affected In the slightest degree by a change In the tariff, save as such change Interfered with the general prosperity of the

country.

only relation of the tnrli

tlons as a whole Is aaaraetaree pro-

be tariff remedy pro-

posed would be In effect simply to

make mnntsfartnres anproRtable. To remove the tariff as a punltlvi measure directed against trusts Inevitably result In ruin to the

competitors who are struggling

u Our aim should be not by unwise

to give foreign products over domestic products.

Would Recommend Action.

The executive department has already at Its disposal methods of collecting facts and figures; and If the Congreas desires additional consideration to that

which will be given the subject by its ^ ro||toriM <o owrt committees, then a commission of j d >lllieo m| rales of obedlen business experts can be appointed, whose law. of Individual freedon

‘ istlee and fair dealln

capital shsnld

i terest

Into ban

the genera

of each

mast be Ith the In

ony with the Interest il public, and the eondnet

duty it should be to recommend action j by the Congress after a deliberate and i scientific examination of the various I schedules as they are affected by the i changed and changing conditions. The unhurried and unbiased report of this commission would show what j changes should be made In the various I schedules, and how far these changes | could go without also changing the great ! prosperity which this country Is now en- ; joying, or upsetting Its fixed economic j

policy.

The cases In which the

duce a monopoly are so few

n inconsiderable factor

the I

nee to om nnd toward

lee and fair dealing toward all. Each should remember that in addition to power It must strive after the realization of healthy, lofty, and generous Ideals. Every employer, every wage worker, must be guaranteed his Jlberty and his right to do as he likes with his property or his labor so long as he does not Infringe upon

the rights of others. Deserve All Praice.

tutc tlon

foe

hlg corpoi

the tariff mnkr* ■ lltable. nnd tke ts

hem. crlff

Iff to

thnt

ro-

ve

would weaker against

tariff changi

the advantage over domestic products, but by proper regulation to give domestic competition a fair chance; and this end can not be reached by any tariff changes, which would affect unfavorably all domestic competitors, good and bad alike. The question of regulation of the trusts stands apart from the question of tariff

fOVlBiOTi.

PRESENT PROSPERITY DUE TO PROTECTIVE TARIFF rreslffent Favsrs Readjnstment of Rates Only When Necessity |*

Apparent.

Stability of economic policy must always be the prime economic need of this country. This stability should not be fossil-' Isatlon. The country has acquiesced in the wisdom of th* protective tariff principle. It i* exceedingly undesirable that thla ayatem ahould be destroyed or that there should he violent and radical changes therein. One past experience shows that great prosperity in this ennntry has always come nnder a protective tajr-

tarlff can proas to consti-

an inconsuji raoie lactor in tho nue»-

“und b thit 0 £ ‘of ?l?tiy C doc"s pro- ! ^osUltiy “and' mote a monopoly which works ill, no pro* ; Few people d

tecttonlst would object to such reduction of the duty as would equalize competition.

ity Jadarinent, the tnrlflf on finite eon l siionld Im* removed, thrnclte put actually, *vhe Is nominally, on the free lb

th rut*

and

It now la nom

Th i* would ha v KH'te in crinen; l»t

l»c of

*er

rises; but In •vice to the

people.

1st. nil

OUR MONETARY SYSTEM

It Is of the highest importance that emplover and employe alike should endeavor to appreciate each the viewpoint of the other and the sure disaster that will come upon both in the long run If either grows take as habitual an attitude of sour

distrust toward the other, deserve better of the country

than those representatives both of capital and labor, and there are many such—who work continually to bring about a good understanding of this kind, based upon wisdom and upon broad and kindly sympathy between employers and employed. Above all. we need to remember that any kind of class animosity In the political world Is, if possible, even more wicked, even more destructive to national welfare.

TUB MBBBAOB IM THB BtNOBHY AT TUB OOVBHMMBMT HMMTIMQ OFFICB.

way of Horn Islands, Is th cted within

difficulties between elvliseil nations, although us yet the world has not urngressed soffteently tn render tt possilile, or necessarily desirable, to Invoke arbitration In

every cusc.

The formation of the International tribunal which sits at The Hague Is an

NEEDS MORE ELASTICITY,'*™ sectional, race or religious anlmos- 1 « vent ot ^ om w Pn fr " m which fireat __________ | ity. We can get good government only ! consequences for Om welfare of all man- ( erned h^v^^hee^

upon condition that we keep true to the

our Pacific coast^ajid the^Chinsse empire,

Burden of Maintaining Proper Clrcnlntlon Itrst* on the Banks—

No Time to Heeonstract.

Interest rates are a potent factor in business activity, and In order that these rates may be equalised to meet the varying needs of the seasons and of widely separated communities, and to prevent the recurrence of financial stringencies which Injuriously affect legitimate busi-

kind may flow. It Is far better, where

principles upon which this nation PO""lhle. to Invoke such a permanent

t ami me

petted wit— * ^ and is ,

for buslues

he conditions la one reserving of the Congress to modify or or all of them. A copy of the

Is herewith transmitted.

Of Porto Rico It Is only necessary to say that the prosperity of the Island and the wisdom with which It has been govI erned have been such as to make It serve ! admVn*strat?on ° f 8,1 that '* beSt ln lnaular

founded, and Judge each man not as a part ' ‘•‘I'’''"*' than t0 creatp !, > >eoIal “''bitrators of a class, but upon his Individual merits. I % "^matier^rsincere corgratu ation All Hint we have a right lo ask to our country that the United States of any inun. rich or poor, whatever an ,j Mexico should have been the first lit-, creed, his occupation, his birth-1 to use the good offices of The Hague plucc or bis residence. Is that he court. This was done last summer w.th slmll sot well nnd honorably by j moat satisfactory results in the case of hi. country. ;a c i a inj at Issue between us and our sisWo are neither for the rich man as such [ ter republic. It Is earnestly to be hoped nor for the poor man as such; we are for | that this first ease will serve as a prece-

ness. .1 is necessary that there should he j c'Z^utCSl £wero ' ^ed^Smterbul" fot^n ^ an element of elasticity In our monetary j Government toueh^ R? n " take advantage of the ma

system. Banks are the natural servants j

of commerce, and upon them should pieced, as far as practicable, the burden of furnishing and maintaining a circulation adequate to supply the needs of our diversified Industries and of our domestic and foreign commerce; and the Issue of this should be so regulated that a sufficient supply should be always available for the business Interests of the country. It would be both unwise and unnecessary at this time to attempt to reconstruct our financial system, which ha* been the growth of a century; but some additional legislation Is, I think, deutlrable. The mere outline of any plan sufficiently comprehensive to meet these requirements would transgress the appropriate limits of this communication, ft Is suggested, however, that all future legislation on the subject should be with the view of encouraging the use of such In-

strumentalities as wi“

ply every legitlma industries and ot

ill automatically suptc demand of productive

liount, but In

touch

vital moment to

vised In <

ese matters of gen the Nation, thej

Ktiouid he exercised In conformity with

the principles above set forth. A Secretary of Commerce.

It Is earnestly hoped that a Secretary of Commerce may be created, with a seat In the Cabinet. The rapid multiplication of questions affecting labor and capital, the growth and complexity of the organizations through which both labor nnd capital now find expression, the steady

foreign nations may

take advantage of the machinery already

in existence at The Hague.

ommend to the favorable conslderaof Congress the Hawaiian fire claims,

Justify

tton of such a i Substantially bodies In this

rnatlonal business gent demand for the

position.

bstimtlally all the leading commercial es In this country have united In requesting Us creation. It I* desirable that some such measure as that which has already passed the Senate be enacted Into Inw. The creation of such a department would In Itself be an advance toward dealing with and exercising supervision over the whole subject of the great corporations doing an Interstate buslnt

tlon of Congress the Hawaiian lire i which were the subject of careful I gallon during the last session. ISTHMIAN CANAL THE FEAT OF THE CENTURY

Clear Title to the’ Panama Company Is Asanred—Outside Nations Will

Hove Nothing to Dread.

The -Congress has wisely provided that we shall build at once an isthmian canal. If possible at Panama. The AttorneyGeneral report* that we can undoubtedly acquire good tille from the French Panama Cnnel Company. Negotiations ere Resema. No Care, No Fey. Your drusgUt will refund your money If Paso Ointment fall* to cure Ringworm. Tetter, Old tllvera and gores. Pimples and Blackhead* on

the fare and all akin diaea

WISDOM OF HOLDING PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Policy of This Government Has Been Vindicated—Defenae of the Sol-

diers Array From Home.

On July 4 last, on the one-hundred-and-twenty-Blxth anniversary of the declaration of our independence, peace and amnesty were promulgated In the Philippine Islands. gome trouble has since from time to time threatened with the Mohammedan Moros, but with the late insurrectionary Filipinos the war has entirely ceased. Civil government has now been Introduced. Not only does each Filipino enjoy such rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness as he has never before known during the recorded history of the Islands, but the people taken as a whole now enjoy a measure of self-gov-ernment greater than that granted to any other Orientals by any foreign power and greater than that enjoyed by any'other Orientals under their own governments,

save the Japanese alone.

We have not gone too far In granting these rights of liberty and self-govern-ment; but we have certainly gone to the limit that. In the interests of the Ph

pine people themselves, just to go. To hurry

was wise alters, to

illlpe or

Dampen

effort

soldier. Every effort must

be made- to clevelop every workmanlike

tidier quality In both the officer and

and soldier q the enlisted rr.a

General Staff.

For

I urgently call your attention to the need of passing a bill providing for a general staff and for the reorganization of the xupply departments on the lines of the bill proposed by the Secretary of War last year. When the young officers enter the army from West Point they probably stand above their compeers In any other military nervier. Every effort should be made, by training, by reward of merit, by scrutiny Into their careers and capacity. to keep them of the same high relative excellence throughout their ca-

reers.

The measure providing for the reorganization of the militia system and for securing the highest efficiency In the National Guard, which has already passed

irompt

House, should receive prompt attention and action. It Is of great Importance that the relation of the National Guard to the mlllta and volunteer forces of the United States should be defined, and that In place of our present obsolete laws a practical

and efficient system should be adopted.

Provision should be made to enable the Secretary of War to keep cavalry and artillery horses, worn out In long performance of duty. Such horses fetch but a trifle when sold; and rather than turn them out to the misery awaiting them when thus disposed of. it would be bet

to employ them at light work a posts, and when necessary to

painlessly to death.

tier

round the put them

MORE MEN AND SHIPS NEEDED IN THE NA VY

ronsrress la Urged to Appropriate Moser—Not n War Uloud tn Night—More Cadets. For th* first time In our history naval maneuvers on a large scale are being held under the Immediate command of the admiral of the navy. Constantly Increasing attention is being paid to the gunnery of the navy, but It Is yet far from what It should be. I earnestly urge that the Increase asked for by the Secretary of the Navy In the appropriation for Improving the marksmanship be

granted.

In battle the only shots that count arc the shots that hit. It la necessary to provide ample funds for practice with the great guns in time of peace. These fund* must provide not only for the purchase of projectiles, but for allowances for prises

the gun crews, and espe-

ers, and for perfecting under which alon

to encourage the | daily the gun point

an Intelligent system under wh It Is possible to get good practii There should be no halt in the t building up the navy, providing

year additional fighting craft. We are a very rich country, vast in extent of territory and great In population; a country, moreover which has an army diminutive Indeed when tompnred with that of any other first-class power. We have deliberately made ou^ own certain foreign policies which demand the possession of a first-class na’-y. The isthmian canal will greatly Increase the efficiency of our navy If the navy Is of sufficient size; but If we have an inadequate navy, then the building of the canal would be merely giving hostage to any power of superior TH* Monroe doctrine should be treated ns the cardinal feature of American forelen pollryt hnt It vron Id he worse than Idle tn nnaert

we Intended to back It np, n he hacked up only by n ix good navy. A good nnvy provocative of war. It Is

s« guaranty of

ork of every

It can 'onghly

np only by

ighly good navy. A good nn

Is not n provocative

the Barest gnnrnnty of pence.

Be«t In the World.

Each Individual unit of our navy should be the most efficient of Its kind as regards both material and personnel that ts to be found in the world. I call your special attention to the need of providing for the manning of the ships. Serious trouble threatens us If we can not do better than we are now doing as regards securing the services of a sufficient number of the highest type of satlormen. of sea mechanics. The veteran seamen of our warships are of as high a type as can be found In any navy which rides the waters of the world; they are unsurpassed In daring. In resolution. In readiness. In TO CURE A COLD IN ONE DAT Tslra Lozstln Bzemo-Qzlnln* Tablet*. Thl* Min*tar* ^ « «w, box. *o.

thorough They dest be shown of them. It Is no

crew than

rahli

ifessloq hat can enough

knowledge of their pro rve every consideration t! them. But there or* not more possible to Improvise « It l» posalhte to IfiiDruvlse a build th* fineat ship, with

p. To bulli deadliest be'

with a

ttery, and to send

raw crew, no matter how »r# Individually, would h" ,ster If a foe of averaep encountered. Neither ahlp» be Improvised when war

ws the

afloat . „

brave they w* to Inaure dtsa capacity were nor men can

has begun.

We need a thousand additional officer* In order properly lo man the ships nnw provided for and under construction The clasaes at the naval school at Annapoll* should be greatly enlarged At the same time that we thus add the officers whenwe need them, we ahould facilitate th.. retirement of those at the head of the Mm whose usefulness has become Impaired Promotion must be fostered If the service

Is to be kept efficient.

Creditable to th# Servlet.

The lamentable ecarclty of officers, and the large number of recruits and of unskilled men necessarily put aboard the new vesajela aa they have been comml*. sloned, have thrown upon our officer*, and especially on the lieutenants and Junior grades, unusual labor and fatigue and have gravely strained their power* of endurance. Nor is there sign of any Immediate let-up In this strain. It must continue for some time longer, until more officers are graduated from Annapolis, and until the recruit* become

trained and skillful In their duties.

In these difficulties Incident upon the development of our war fleet the conduct of all our officers has been creditable to the service, and the lieutenants and Junior grades In particular have displayed an ability and a steadfast cheerfutne** -Which entitle them lo the ungrudstn K thank* of all who realise the disheartening trials and fatigue* to which they are

of necessity subjected.

There is not a cloud on the horizon at present. There seems not the slightest chance of trouble with a foreign power We most earnestly hope that this state of thing* may continue; and the way to In-

ure |ta continuance Is

way to I

aure Its continuance Is to provide for n thoroughly efficient navy. The refusal to maintain such a navy would Invite trou-

maintatn such a navy would Invite troi ble. and If trouble came would Insure <11 aster. Fatuous self-complacency or vanity. or short-sightedness In refusing f> prepare for danger Is both foolish end

wicked In such

ricnce hi

using

In a

nation as ours; and past

experience haa shown that such fatuity In refusing to recognise or prepare for anv

idvance la tisu; nic of hysterli actually arrive

or prepur* for any tally aurcoedM by leal faar onc« ih«

ved.

PROSPERITY SHOWN IN BIG POSTAL RECEIPTS

Rural Free Delivery la aa Loager aa Experiment, nnd Congress I* Asked to Vote Money fnr Its Extension. The striking Increase In the revenue* of the Poetofflce Department show* clearly the prosperity of our people end the Increasing activity of the business ot the country. The receipt* of the Postoffice Department for the fiscal year ending June Si last amounted to tUl,MS.(X7 2«. an Increase of 810.218.853.87 over the preceding year, the largest increase known In the history of the postal service. The magnitude of this Increase will best appear from the fact that the entire postal receipt* for the year IS® amounted to but 88,518.087. Rural free delivery aerxrtce ta no longer In the experimental stage ■ It hn* become n fixed polley. The results following Its . Introdnetlon have folly Justified the Congress In the large appropriations mode for Its establishment and extension. The average yearly Increase In postoffle* receipt* in the rural districts of the country Is about 2 per cent. We are now able.

by actual results .1 free deliver

to such

he

crease

to show that where service haa been e»n extent aa to enable

comparisons, the yearly In-

ly l!

per cent.

11.860 rural free established and

ne-

ural free

ibllxhed

make comparisons, the has been upward of 10 On November I? 1902. II delivery routes had been «

were In operation, covering about on third of the territory of the United Stat available for rural free delivery aervlc

There are now department pel the establlshi

routes.

This shows conclusively the want which the establishment of tile service has met and the need of further extending It a* rapidly as possible. It ts justified both hy the financial result* and by the practical

Ice

w awaiting the action of the jetltlima and application

ery

.ctloi

applications for 10,748 additional

and by the practical

benefit* to our rural population; It brings the men who live on the soli into doke ion* with the active business wor

farmer In daily touch

kets; it i* a potential educat

hances the value of

pleasanter

do much to check

try lo

relation* will It keeps the

nark

rid:

with

tton a I

force; it enhance* the value of farm property, make* farm life far pleasanter and

current from count

erty, make* farm life less Isolated, and will the undesirable curren

city.

It Is to be hoped that the Congress kf liberal appropriations for the tnce of the service already estab-

conllnuanc llshed and

for Us further extensi

dy e

ion.

PLEA FOR IRRIGATION AND NEW GAME LAWS

INibllc Land Should go to th* Home Builder Who Lives on HU Claim. Few subjects of more Importance have been taken up by the Congress In recent year* than the Inauguration of the system of nationally-aided Irrigation for the arid region* of the far West. A good beginning therein has been made. Now that this policy of national Irrigation has been adopted, the need of thorough and scientific forest protection will grow more rapidly than ever throughout the publicland States, Legislation should be provided for the protection of the game, and the wild creature* generally, on the forest reserves. The senseless slaughter of game, which can, by Judicious protection, be permanently preserved on our national reserves for the people as a whole, should be stopped at once. It Is, for Instance, a serious count against our national good sense to permit the present practice of butchering off such a stately and beautiful creature as the elk for its antler* or tusks

they are available for tore, and to whatever ex-

-clalmed nnder

No far agrlcnlt

tent they may be reclaimed the national Irrigation law, the remaining public lands should be hold rigidly for the home bgllder, the settler who lives on hie land,

and fnr no one else.

In their actual use the desert-land law. the timber and stone law. and tho commutation clnuse of tho homestead law have been so perverted from the intention with which they were enacted as to per mlt the acquisition of large areas of the public domain for other than actual settlers and tho consequent prevention of

settlement.

Moreover, the approaching exhauaTon of the public ranges has of late led to much discussion as to the best manner of using these public lands In the West which are suitable chiefly or only for

grazing.

Depends on the Home*.

The sound and steady development of the West depends upon the building up of homes therein. Much of our prosperity as a nation has been due to the operation of the homestead law. On the other hand, we should recognize the fact that In the graslng region the man who corresponds to the homesteader may be unable to settle permanently If only Allowed to use the same amount of pasture land that hi* brother, the homesteader,

Is allowed to use of arable land.

One hundred and sixty acres of fairly rich and well-watered soli, or a much smaller amount of Irrigated land, may keep a family In plenty, whereas no one could get a living from 1® acres of dry pasture land canable of supporting At

the outside on! every ten acres.

ring from leo acres ot ary capable of supporting At ily one head or catl# to *. In the past great tracts