The Independent-News, Volume 102, Number 4, Walkerton, St. Joseph County, 1 July 1976 — Page 3

Chronology of U.S. Taxes DATE EVENT 1646 Colonists pay “faculty" tax levied on certain occupations by British Empire. 1765 Stamp Act. 1773 Tea Act. Boston Tea Party. 1787 Constitutional Convention Article I. Section 8, of the Constitution: “. . . The Congress shall have the power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excesses, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States. 1791 Revenue Act of 1791. Taxes levied on distilled spirits, carriages, refined sugar, snuff, snuff mills, property sold at auction, bonds and slaves. Progressive taxes on houses and lots. 1794 Whiskey Rebellion in Western Pennsylvania. 1813 Taxes levied to pay for War of 1812. 1817 Taxes repealed. 1861 President Lincoln signs first revenue measure to finance Civil War. 1862 Second Revenue measure passed. Featured progressive taxation, levies on incomes, withholding. Also taxes: estates, public utilities, occupations, liquors, beer, tobacco, banks, insurance companies, advertisements, slaughtered cattle, railroads, ferry boats, and other specified commodities. Stamp taxes on certain commercial papers, perfume, cosmetics, medicines, and playing cards. Creation of Office of Internal Revenue. George S. Boutwell, a Massachusetts lawyer, named Commissioner. 1863 Post of Deputy Commissioner created. Authority given to hire employees to help detect, prevent and punish fraud. 1865 U.S. Revenue Commission formed to reform Office of Internal Revenue, tax system. 1868 Whiskey tax lowered from $2.00 to .50/gallon. 1886 Oleomargarine tax. First regulatory tax. 1890 Opium tax. 1894 Wilson Tariff Act. 1895 Supreme Court rules income tax unconstitutional. 1909 Income tax amendment to Constitution proposed. 1913 16th amendment ratified. AMERICA’S HERITAGE [HIGHLIGHTS OF AMERICAN HISTORY! FIRST STARS AND STRIPES ON THE OCEAN . bai ■■

The first American flag was raised on the ocean July 4, 1777, a month after Congress passed the resolution authorizing the adoption of our national Stan and Stripes. Captain John Paul Jones, the newly appointed commander of the “Ranger,” received and raised the flag with appropriate ceremony aboard the ship in commemoration of the first anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Several young ladies from Portsmouth, New Hampshire, held a flagmaking bee to fashion the huge national flag specially for the popular Captain Jones. The pompous ceremony, with Captain Jones hoist-

ing “Old Glory" in the presence of the young ladies and his crew, is elegantly portrayed in an oil painting by F.C. Yohn entitled the “First Stars and Stripes on the Ocean." It is part of an art collection owned by The Continental Insurance Companies. In November of 1777, Captain Jones sailed for France with news of General Burgoyne’s surrender When the “Ranger" entered Quiberon Bay, the French fleet thundered the first foreign salute to the Stars and Stripes. This historic flag waved triumphantly over the “Ranger" when she defeated the “Drake," and from the “Bon Homme Richard," victorious over the“Serapis"

™? aaa k 1 as ad a& a aT6**a^£ , &6 COLONIAL RECIPE COMES FROM WILLIAMSBURG

Step into the past, three centuries ago, when Williamsburg, Virginia, was the capital of the colony and the center of its hospitality. A fashionable colonial housewife paid great at tention to the table she presented, for she was judged not only by the quality but also the variety of dishes on the table. Dinner was always a splendid affair, served in an English or French fashion. One of the "musts” in colonial Williamsburg was a variety of desserts to offer guests—puddings, pastries, jellies, sweetmeats. Cakes were closely associated with family and social life, whatever the occasion Pancakes for St. Valentine’s Day, Bride’s Cake for weddings, fruit cakes for Christmas, an elaborately decorated Twelfth-Night Cake. Wi 11 iams bu r g Orange Cake was a favorite all-occa-sion dessert. This version is a simple one layer cake, flavored with orange peel, raisins, walnuts and the buttery taste of Blue Bonnet Margarine. The creamy frosting, also Williamsburg in spired, is made with confectioners’ sugar, economical Blue Bonnet Margarine, orange peel and a delicate touch of creamy sherry. Try a memory from 18th Century Williamsburg for dessert, served with hot tea or coffee. WILLIAMSBURG ORANGE CAKE 1/2 cup(l stick) softened Blue Bonnet Margarine 1 cup sugar 2 eggs 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 1-2/3 cups unsifted flour 1 teaspoon baking soda 1/2 teaspoon salt

CAN YOU RECOGNIZE THESE 18TH CENTURY PERSONALITIES?

He wrote the Declaration of Independence. He sought to crush the rebellion in America. He was first to sign the Dec laration of Independence.

Test yourself. The photos above are taken from Time magazine’s special bicentennial issue, which reports the news of the week of July I, 1776 exactly as if Time had been publishing during that historic week. Six of those shown above are Americans, and three are Europeans They are just a few of the many famous personalities brought to life in this special issue of Time. ut|)piejj uiLuefuaq ’auoog piun(j ‘jpojuqi uqop ’qjiius’ uivpy ’’IDMd • 11| aMuoa*) Huiyj ‘uotHuiqsv^ a2ljoa<) ‘apes ap sinbjßj\; 'uosjajjap seuioqx SH3MSNV

THE INDEPENDENT NEWS — JULY 1, 1976

t IL ftk''W x ABWPHafiir e This Williamsburg inspired Orange Cake brings memories from three centuries past. It is flavored with orange peel, raisins and nuts and is topped with a sherry orange fla vored frosting.

1 cup sour milk or buttermilk 1 cup chopped dark seedless raisins 1 /2 cup coarsely chopped English walnuts 1 tablespoon grated orange peel In a large bowl, cream together Blue Bonnet Margarine and sugar until light and fluffy. Beat in eggs and vanilla extract In a small bowl blend together flour, baking soda and salt. Add to creamed mixture alternately with sour milk, blend well after each addition. Stir in raisins,

He used to arrange orgies in France. K A Born a slave, she became a well-known poet. a* K , ‘niL. He helped to develop a Kentucky River settlement.

English walnuts and orange peel. Pour into well-greased 8 x 8 x 2-inch baking pan Bake at 35O°F about 50 minutes, or until done. Cool in pan 10 minutes. Remove from pan and cool on wire rack. When cool, frost with Orange Wine Icing (below). Makes one 8-inch cake. Orange Wine Icing: Combine 2 cups unsifted confectioners’ sugar, 1/3 cup softened Blue Bonnet Margarine and 1 tablespoon grated orange peel in small bowl Add 2 tablespoons cream sherry and beat until smooth.

His army won the Revolutionary war. G His famous book justified the free enterprise system If jM First U.S. Postmaster General and Ambassador to France