Indianapolis Leader, Volume 3, Number 18, Indianapolis, Marion County, 10 December 1881 — Page 2

II1DIJII1P01I$ LUDIII PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY JT

9 OFFICE II MILLER'S 11LOUK Corner Illinois) nad Market htm. EnUrad m atcoDd-claas matter at tbs PostofBca at Indianapolis, Ind. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. aingU Copy, I year. ,!.00 M M months m 3 montha 1.00 M .20 1.7 1.60 1 aionth.. Uta be of ix 1 year, each copy.. tan, 1 year, each copy.. TOIC5 Di DHD m7 fonnd on Bleat IIJIÖ I A IM It Geo. P. Kowell Co.'s Newspaper Advertising Bureau (10 Spruce St ) where advertising contracts may be made for It In NEW YORK ub?rlbe for the Leader. Let every colored man who favors the elevation of his race subscribe for the Lead r; and let every white man who believes thai slavery was a enne against humanity and that it is the duty of the ruling race to aid the Negro in his struggle for moral, social and intellectual elevation do likewise. We are to have an 4,imbr ojr no It 9eema. Chili-Peru. The Senator from Dakota will soon be before the footlights. Keifer is an Ohio man, which fact accounts for his being shaker. Secretary Folger is chopping off heads by the basketful in the Treasury Department. It is said that Secretary Blain will have a house in New York, as well as in "Washington. Its a bad day in Washington, if two or three inspired cranks do not turn up in the Guiteau case. The Kansas "idee" in dealing with defaulters, will doubtless conduce to wards honesty among bank offiicials, "Inspiration" is an old theroy, but Guiteau has done more to bring it into contempt than any of his predecessors. Messrs Smalls, Lynch, and Lee, colored, are contestants for seats in the present Congress, and will doubtless be seated. Fredrick Douglas met with a very warm reception, in his recent southern lecturing tour. Ex-P. M. G. Key introduced him to the audience at Chattanooga, Tenn. Indiana did not get the Speakership, but she Orth-to have had it. However, we hope the President will select some of our political timber before he iinishes the construction of his political house hold. Judge Porter in his cross examination wrung from Guiteau the fact that he had felt remorse for his infamous deed. Now let the life be twisted out of the scoundrel from the gallows, and justice will be done. The Americon consuls at Demara and Panama have advised the employ ment of colored crews on all vessels visiting yellow fever infected ports. They claim that while white seamen fall easy victims to the scourge, colored seamen are not affected by it. A defaulting banker of Hunneville, Kas., was captured last week by a mob of citizens he had swindled by his dis honesty, and under threatened death, was compelled to make restitution, to those whom he had robbed. This inci dent is a stirring argument in favor of the establishment of postal savings banks. It is a matter ot considerable surprise to the country that ex-Congress man Rainey was not elected Clerk of the House, instead of Mr. McPherson. It is to be" hoped that hereafter Republicans will not nominate colored men for prominent offices simply for buncomb when there is no chance of election and then refuse to nominate them to the same office when there is a chance of election. The Palmetto Bourbons. lhe feouth Carolina Uemocrats are paving the way for the Mahoneizing of their state, by trying to pass oppressive and tyrannic election laws. They hope through these means to be able to pro long their illegal lease of power in Jhe Palmetto State. The plan is to enact such intricate and equivocally worded registration and "election laws, that the average voter will lie unable to determine when or where he is to vote. A registering fee and also a fee for transferring when change of residence is contemplated, are also to be enacted. Other . obstructive measures will be incorporated in the measure. Now the sole obiect of these unlawful and unrepublican measures, is to cheat a large body of the colored voters out of their right to vote. It is as sumed, and is doubtless true, that many of these voters TV ill not understand these laws, and hence will not be qualified voters on election day; and through

these means the Bourbons will be able to control - the elections indefinitely The Bourbons of course care nothing for honesty or decency; their purpose is simply to control the elections. ; The Constitution of the United States guarantees a republican form of government to each state of the Union; but this provision of our Federal organic law is plainly to be violated by the unconstitutional laws now in contemplation by the Democrats of South Carolina. No state that is domineered and governed by a minority, has a republican form of governmernment; and it therefore becomes the duty of the Federal government to interfere and correct these wrongs, should they . be enacted into law. But there is a liberal feeling psringing up all over the South, which will probably right these evils without Fedend interference. The same kind of obstruction and illegal measures were in force in Virginia, and were just eradicated by the recent Liberal triumph in that state. It is safe to say," too, we think, that wherever such laws exist and are enforced, they will produce a Mahone and a liberal party, even among the Democrats of the South themselves. South Carolina will follow Virginia, and so will all the now Bourbon ridden States until the South is completely regenerated. Neither the men who are to lead in the new movement, nor the

occasion that is to precipitate the uphea val and breakup, can come too soon, and in this view of the case, possibly 1 .Ail T" 1 tne movement 01 tne raimetto uourbons for tyranical and restrictive laws, is a good omen of. the coming change. So mote it be. Congress. The XLVIII Congress besrun its first session last Monday. The House was organized bv the Republicans, who elected Hon. J. W. Keifer, of Ohio, Speaker; Hon. Edward McPherson, of Pennsylvania, Clerk; Col. Brownlow, of Tennessee. Doorkeeper: and Hon. W. J. Hooker, of Vermont, Sergeant at-Arms. This session of Congress will doubt less be a long and interesting one. The rapid erowth both in population and material resources, afford ample mate rial for a long legislative session. The tariff laws, our inter-state trans portation system, foreign relations, the currency, commerce, Indian relations, and revenues, internal improvements, etc., will all doubtless receive legisla tive attention. It is safe to say that there will be no material depaiture from the past policy of the government in these various topics. The free-traders will doubtless attempt to cut down the import duties on many articles, but it is pretty safe to sav thev will not succeed. Our manufacturing interests are growing very rapidly and it is doubtless corrcsjxmding ly true that the free trade theory IS losing adherents in an equal ratio. This question of free trade or protect ion may be regarded as authoritatively settled, for a time at least, in favor of protection: but it will doubtless form one of the questions of the future. This Uongress ought to take some measures to establish a more thorough system of education for the late slave states: most of them claim to be too poor to properly educate their people but the rising generation should not for this reason trrow up in ignorance and crime. It is the moral, if not the lega duty of the Federal government to see . ... .-i fii that ail ot its people snouiu nave an opportunity to receive the necessary elemental instruction to prepare them mm - selves to be crood citizens, it seems that this can be done now only through the action of Congress. But it shouk be done, and that at once. There will doubtless be many other Questions of interest brought before Congress, which will make the session interesting and lengthy. Senator Bruce. Atlanta (Oa.) Advance. . We regret that the Xeio York Globe lets such irresponsible men as the cor resrxmdent who assailed Senator Bruce write for it. It is distinctly shown by tne animus 01 tne article mat me wri ter wanted a position under the Secret arv: and because he could not get it he must kick. The writer is evidently forgetful of the fact that all applica tions for appointment or promotion are addressed to the Secretary of the Treas ury. As to his having put in but a dozen colored persons, we have to say that auite a number ot colored men right There in Georgia, have been aided by him. We know gt many colored men at Washington who are recipients of his bounty of influence.- Any sane man ought to know that tw Senate committee of which he was chairman, had three Democrats and three Republicans on it; and the .majority of th committee always select the clerks of a committee: We 5 suppose' the young writer hates Bruce . because ; he is a Southern man; if so, it will do him no good td try to kill him out; for we are now making young men capable, every day, to take the field, and ere another decade, we hope, even in Georgia, to give the Nation two or three firstrclass ssatesifien: We hope the young man will cool down and give us a rest; for the Defiance rauft be understood to revere and love l$ruce. He is a great man, ; the leader of his race, and a good leader he is.

THE MESSAGE.

The President's Budget Received by the Senate and House. WASHINGTON. How the Message Wan Received. Washington, Dec 6 The President's message ... . . . . was received wun saiisiacuon ana commendation. ome disappointment is expressed in some quarrs tbat he did not more distinctly and definitely enunciate a policy. This feeling, However, seems tobe confined to those who hope for the domination of a faction of a party. Tne Repuclidaua generally think, the President means to entirely ignore factions, and to htal diasenslous, and are glad he refrained from saying anything that could be siued upon by either faction. The Western Republicans, especially those from the silver producing States, are not pleased at the recommendation to limit the silver coinage, but they console themselves with the belief that Congress will not cairy out that recommendation. Davis Sprech. Mr. Pauls' speech to-day is regarded an settling for the next t wo years the statu of the Senate of ficers, unless death makes a change, giving the Republican party a positive majority. w lion re ferring to his acceptance of the position of 1'iesident of the Senate in hu speech today, Mr. Davis manifested considerable indignation in alluding to various newspaper insinuations that he had sold himself to the Republicans, lie was very emphatic in reasserting that not a single wora tending to commit mm to ine Keim ilea us passed betwecu him and (hem pii r to his accent ance of the position. His sieecU has rendered the Senate othcers and employes happy. The Committees. Washington. Dec. 6. The Siaker has not yet had time to idve a thoucht to the foruiAtiou of Committees, and all assignments of Cbairuiansnip in newspapers is the merest speculation. in the House members ot tne uouiuiutees are not promoted according to service on Committees as 111 the senate, and, therefore, there is uo basis for speculation. The peaker uses his own Judgment aud pleasure in distributing the Committee honors. Tilt: UUCUMKNr. To the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States: An appalling calamity has befallen the Ameri can people since their representatives la.t met lu the halls where you me now assembled. We might also recall with unalloyed content the rare prospcritj with w hicli throughout the year the Nation has been blessed, iU harvests leen plenteous, its various industries have thriven, the health of its people been preserved, aud it has maintained with Foreign Governments undisturbed relations of amity and peace For these manifestations of Ilia favor, we owe to Him w ho holds our dentin y in Ills bands the tribute of our grateful devotions. To that mysterious exercise of will which has taken from us the loved and illustrious citizen w ho was but lately the head of the Nation, we bow in sorrow aud submission. The memory ol his exalted characier, of his noble achievements and of his patriotic life will be treasured forever as a sacred possession oi the whole people. The annoiinccineut of his death drew from Foreign Governments and peoples tributes of sympathy and sorrow which history will recoid as signal tokens of the kinship of Nations and the federation of mankiud. Forellen Relation. The feeling of good will between our own Government and that cf Great Britain was nevermore marked than at present. In recognition of this Dleaslne fact 1 directed, on the occasion d, on the occasion of the late centennial celebration at Yorktowu, that a salute be given to the British flag. Save for the oorresDondei.ee to which 1 shall refer hereafter. relative to the proposed canal across the 1st iinus ot Panama, little has occurred worthy ol mention in the diplomatic relations of the countries. Early in the year the Fortune Bay claims were satisfactorily settled by the British Government paying in full the sum of lj,uuo, most of which has already been distributed. As the terms of the settlement included compensation fur injuries suffered by our fishermen at Ashee Bay, there has been retained from the gross award a sua which is deemed adequate for those claims. The participation of Americans iu the Exhibition at Melbourne and Sidney will e approvingly menlloneu in reports of the two exhibitions soon to be presented to Congress. They will disclose the readiness of our countrymen to make successful competition in distant fields of enterprise. Negotiations for aa International Copyright Convention are in hopeful progress. The surrender of sitting Bull and his force upon the Canadian frontier has allayed all apprehension, although bodies of Brlti-h Indians silll cross the border inquest of sustenance. I'pou this subject a correspondence has been opened which Cromiscs su adequate understanding. Our troops ave orders to avoid, meanwhile, all collisions with alien Indians. The presence at the Yorktowu celebration of representatives of republicanism, descendants of Lafayette and of his gallant combatants who were our allies lu the Revolution, has served to strengthen the spirit of good will which has always existed between the two Nations. THE BIMETALLIC CONGRESS. You will ba furuithed with the proceedings of the Bimetallic Conference held during the summer at the city of Pans. No accord was reached, but a valuable interchange of views was held, aud the Conference will next year be renewed. At the Electrical Exhibition aud Congress, also held at Paris, this country was creditably represented by eminent specialists who. In the absence of an appropriation, generously lent their etlicicient aid at the instance of the State Department, while an exhibition in this almost d stlnctively American field of achievement has won several valuable awards I recommend that Congress provide for the payment of the personal expenses incurred in the public interest by the honorary Commissioner aud delegates. No new questions respecting the status of our naturalized citizens in Germany has arisen during the year, and causes of coniplaiut. expeclally in AlHsce and Loraine, have practically ceased. Through the literal action of the Imperial Government in accepting our often expressed views on the subject, the application oi the treaty of 1868 to the lately acquired Khenish provinces has received very earnest attention. A definite and lasting agreement on this point is confidently expected. The participation of the descendents of baron Von Steuben in the Yorktowu festivi'.ies and their subsequent recsptl n by their American kinsmen, strikingly eviuced the ties of good whl which unite the German people and our wn. 8PAKISH-AMKBICAN CLAIMS COMMISSION. Our intercourse with Spain has been friendly. Au agreemeut, cyncluded iu February last, fixes a term fur the labors for the Spanish and American Claims Commission. The Spanish Government has been requested to pay the late awards of the Commission, and will, it Is relieved, accede to the request as promptly a';d courteously as on former occasions. By recent legislation ouerous fines 'have been imposed upon American shipping in Spanish and colonial ports, for slight irrcgulaiiiies iu the manifest-. Just one case of hardship is specially worthy of mention. The bark Masonic," bound for Japan, entered Manila in distress, and la there Bought to be confiscated under the Spanish revenue laws for an alleged shortage in ner transshipped cargo. Though all efforts forherrelu f have thus far proved unavailing it Is expected tbat the whole will be adjusted iu a friendly spirit. The Senate resolutions of condolence on the assassination of the Czar Alexander ttjo Second were appropriately communicated to the Russian Government, which in turn has expressed its sympathy in our late National bereavement. It is desirable that our cordial relations with Russia should be strengthened by proper engagements, assuring to neaceable Americans who visit the Empire the consideration which 1 due to them as citizens of afrhndly State. This is especially needful with respect to American Israelites, whose classification with the native Hebrews has evoked energetic remonstrances from this Government. Consular agreement with Italy has been sanctioned and pro'laimtd. which puts at rest conllicts of Jurisdiction in case of crimes on shipboard. Coherences have been held in Italy during the yesr. At the Geographical Congress of Venice the, Bonfice Con Kress of Milan ai.d the Nice Congress of Turin, this countrv was represented by delegates from branches of the public service and by private Citizens, duly accredited It honorary capacity. It I hoped that Congresa will give it such prominence as it may seem to deserve. The abolition of all discriminating duties against Dutch colonial productions of the Dutch Est Indies, or lmorted hither from Holland, has been already considered by Ojt.grcss. I trust that at the p esent session the matter may be favorablv concluded. The insecurity of life and property in many parts of Turkey has given rise to correspondence with the parts, looking xarticularly to the better protection of American missionaries in the Empire. The condemned murderer of the eminent missionary, Dr Justin W. Parsons; has not jet been executed, although this Government has repeatedly demanded tbat extmnlary Justice mav be done again. SOLICITING PROTECTION. The Swiss Government has solicited the Hoven ment oflicers of our diplomatic and consular agents for the protection of its citlzeus in countries where it is not itself represe Ated. This request has within proper limits been granted Our agents in Switzerland have been instructed to protest against the conduct of the authorities of certain communes in permitting the emigration to this count;)- of criminals and other objectionable persons. Several such persons, through the co operation of the Commissioners of Emigration at New York, have been sent back by the steamers which brought them. A continuance of this course may prove a more efficient remedy than diplomatic remonstrance. Treaties of commerce and navigation and for the regulation of consular privileges have been concluded with Ilonmania and Servla since their admission Into the family of European States. Aals natural with continguous states hrvlng like Institutions, and like alms of advancement and development. The friendship of the United States and Mexico has been constantly maintained. The Government has lost uo occasion of encouraging the Mexican Government to a beneficial realization of the mutual advantages which

j will result from nvre Intimate commercial inter- ' course, and from the opening of the rich interior ! of Mexico to railway enterprise, i deem It imj porta nt that means be provided to restrajithe unately so common on the

frontier and to sul.ires! the forays of the reservation Indians on either side of the Rio Grande. GUATEMALA AHD MEXICO. The neighboring States of Central America have reserved internal l-eace. aud their outward relations toward us have been those of intimate friendship. There are encouraging signs of their growing disposition to subordinate their local interests to those which are common to them by reason of the-.r geographical relstions. The boundary dispute between Guatemala and Mexico has afforded this Government an opi-rtunity to exe;cle its good offices for preventing a rupture between those States and for procuring a peaceful solutiou of the question. I cherish a strong hoi that in view of our relations of amity with both countries our friendly counsels will prevail. The Porta Rica Government lately formed an engagement with Columbia for settling, by arbitration, the boundary question between those countries, providing that the post of arbitrates should be ofivred successively to the King of the Belgians, the King of Spain and the President of the Argentine confederation. The King of the Belgians has declined to act. but I am not as yet advised of the action of the King of Spain. As we have certain interests iu the disputed Territory w hich are protected by our treaty engagement with one of the parties it is important that the arbitration Rhould not without our consent effect our rights, and this Government has accordingly thought proper to make Iu views known to the parties to the agreement as well as to intimate them to tho Belgium Government. THE PANAMA CANAL. The questions gTowing out of the proposed Inter-oceanic water way across the Isthmus of Panama aie of grave National irniortaiiee. This Government has not been mindful of the solemn obligation Imposed upon it by iu eompitci of 1M6 with Columbia, as the independent and sovereign misiri'ss of the territory crowed by the canal, a :d has sought to tender them effective by fresh engigemeuts with the Columbia Republic, looking H tneir practical execution, j ne negotiations to this end, tfter they had reached what appeared to be a mutually sxtisfactorv solution here, we were met iu Columbia by a disavowal of powers which its Envoy had assumed, aud by a proposal for a renewal of negotiations en a modified fcads. Meanwhile this Government learned that ColumbU had proposed to the European powers to Joi;i lu a guarautee of the neutrality of the proposed Pauama Canal a guarantee w hich would be-iu direct contravention of our obligation as the sole guarantee ol the integrity 1 Columbian territory and of the iitutralitv of the Canal itself. My lamented predecessor telt it Ina duty to plate before the European Powers the reasons w hich made tho pri r gunrantee of the United Slates ludis?osable, and for which the interjection of any foreign guarantee might be regarded as superfluous aud unfriendly. horeseeing the probable reliance ol the British Government on the provisions of the ClaytonMul wer treaty of Iböo as affording room for a share iu the gua a :tees which th Uuited States covenanted with Columbia four years before, I have not htsituUd to suppIemeHt the action of my predecessor by proposing to her Majesty's Government the m.RliuValion of that instrument aud the abrogation of such clauses thereof as do not comport w i.li the obligations of the United States toward Columbia or with the vital needs of the two friendly narties to the compact. CIIILI AND PERU. This Government sees with great concern the continuance of the hostile relations betwe n ( hill, Bolivia and Peru. Au early peace between these Republic s is much desired, not only that they may be snared further misery and bloodshed, but because their continued antagonism threatens consequences which are, in my judgment, dangerous to the interests of Republican Government on this continent, and calculated to destroy the best eliiuents oi our free civilization, as in the preeit exeited cmdition of pouular feeling lu these countries there have beei serious misaiprehetisloLS uf lhe positi ju of the United states, and as separate diplomatic intercourse with each through indv endent ministers is sometimes subject to the want of prompt reciprocal com mum cm t ion to temporary misunderstandings. I have deemed it judicious at the present lime to send special Envoy accredited to all. and each of them Is furnished with general instructions, which will intrust and enable us to bring these Powers into friendly relations. VENEZUELA AND BRAZIL. The Governmeut of Venezuela and Brazil maintains i's attitude of warm friendship and continues with great regularity Its payment of the monthly quota of the diplomatic debt without suggesting the direction iu which (Congress should act. 1 ask attention to the pending questions affecting the distribution of the sums thus fax received The relalious between Venezuela aud France, growing out of tho same debt, have been for some time past in an unsatisfactory state, and this Government, as the neighlor and oueof the largest creditors of Veuezuel. has interposed itsell since with the French Government with the view of producing a friendly and honorable adustmeut. I regret thut the commercial Interests between the United .states and Brazil, from which ifreat advantages were hoped a year ago, have suffered from the withdrawal of the American lines of communication between the Brazilian ports and our own. Thrt-gh the efforts of our Minister resient at Rueios Ayres. and the United States Ministers at Santiago.a treaty has been concluded between the Argentine Republic aud Chili, disposing of the long pending Palagonian Imundary line. It is a matter of congratulation that our Government has been afforded the opportunity of successfully exerting its good influences lor tne prevention of disagreements between the Republics of the American continent. TREATIES WITH CHINA. I am glad to inform you that the treaties lately negotiated with China have been duly ratified on both sides, and tne excnani:e maae at renr-; Legislation i necessarjjto carry the provision if effect. The prompt and friendly spirit wi .i which the Chinese Government, at the request of the United Stites, conceded the modification of existing treaties, should secure careful regard for the interests and susceptibilities of that Government in the enacting of any laws relating to Chinese immigration. Thoho clauses of the treaties which fon.Id the participation of citizens or vessels of the United States iu the opium trade will receive your approval. They will attest the si- cere Interest which our people and Government feel iu the commendable efforts of the Caluese Government to put a stop to this destructive traffic. In relation to China nd Japan, swme changes are desirable in our present system of Consular Jurisdiction. I hot e at some future time to lay before you a scheme for iu improvement in the entire East. JAPAN. The intimacy between our country and Japan the most advanced of the Eastern Nations, con tinues to be cordial. I am advised that the Emperor contemplates the establishmeht of Constitutional Government, and that he has already summoned a Parliamentary Coi.git.ss for the purp..se of eileeiiiig a change. Sucn a remarkable step toward a complete Assimilation with the Western system can not fail to br.ng Japan into closer and more beneficial relationship with ourselves as the chief pacific power. A question has urieu iu relation to the exercise, in the country, of the Judicial functions conferred upon our Ministers and Consuls. The indictment, trial and conviction In the Consular Court at Yokohama ol John Ross, a merchant seaman on - board American vessel, have made it necessary for the Government to institute a careful examination into the nature and methods of this jurisdiction. It appeared that Rosa wa regularlv shipped uuder the flag of the United States, but was by birth a British subject. My predecessor felt it his duty to ms.iMtaln the position that during his rvice as a regularly shipped seaman on board an American merchant vessel, Ross was subject to the laws of that service and to the Jurisdictiou of the United States Consulate authorities. 1 renew the recommendation which has been heretofore urged by the Executive upon the attention of Congress that after the reduoti n of such amount as may be found due to American citi zens, the balance of the iud uinity fuud heretofore obtained from China and Japan, and which is now in the hands of the State Department, will returned to the Governments of those countries. HARMONIOUS RELATIONS. The King of Hawaii, in the course of homeward return, after a Journey araund the world, has lately visited this couutry. While our relations with that Kingdom are friendly, this Government has viewed with concern tne efforts to seek replenishment of the diminishing population of the island from outwird sources to a degree which may impair the na ire sovereignty and ind pcudeuce Jn which th United States was among the first to testify a ikely interest. Relations of unimpaired amity have been maintained throughout the year with the resa.Cs tive Governments of Austria,, Hungary Belgium Denmark, Haytl. Paraguay, and Uruguay, Portugal and Sweden aud Norway. This may be said of Greece a-id Ecuador, although our relations with those States have for years been severed with the withdrawal of appropriation for diplomatic representatives. At Athens and Quito it seems expedient to restore those missions, eve n on a reduced scale, aud I recommend such a course w ith respect to Equador, which is likely, within the near future, to. play an important part among the Nations of the Southern Pacific, THE GENEVA CONVENTION. ' At its lait extra session the Senate called for the text of the Gereva Convention for the relief of the wounded in war. I trust thia action foreshadows u. h interest on the subject as will result In the adhesion of the United States to that humane and commendable engagement. I invite your attention to tne propriety of adapting the new ode of international rules for the prevention of collisions on the high seas and of conforming the domestic legislation of the United States thereto, so that no confusion may arise from the application of conflicting rules in the case of vesselsof different nationalities meeting in lidl waters. Tluse international rules differ bin slightly from our own. Tbey have been adopted by the Navy Department for the goverance of the war ships of the United States on the hluh seas and in foreign waters, and through the actfon of the State Department iu disseminating the rules and in acquainting the shlpninsters with the option of conforming to them without the Jurisdictional waters of the United States. They are now very generally known and obeyed. Home Affairs. The State department still continues to publish to the country the trade and maiiufacturi"g reports received from United States officers abroad.' I The success of this course warrants its continuance and such .approval and appropriation as

mar be

required to meet rapidly lacreastng de- i . . mand tor their puDiications. wun special refer- th ence to Atlanta Cotton Exoosltlon. Tr, Oi-rnhpr number of the reports was devoted to a valuable collection of papers on the cotton goods trade t f the world. - i lhe international Sanitary Conference, for which.in 179 Congress made provision.assembied in tbis city early ia Jauuary last, and its ses ions were prolonged until March. Although it reached uo specific conclusion affecting the future action of the participant powers, the interchange of views proved to be n-ost valuable. The full pro-tx-cols of the sessions have already been presented to the Senate. As pertinent to this general subject, I call your attention to the oDerations of the National Board of Health, established by act of Congress approved March 3. 1870. Its sphere of duty was enlarged by the act of June 2. in the same year. By the last named aet the Board was required to institute 6uch measures as mr.y be deemed necessary for preventing the introduction of contagious or infectious diseases from foreign countries into the United States or from one State into another. The execution of the rules and regulations prepared by the Board and approved by my predecessor has none much to arrest the progress of epidemic diseases, and has thus rendered substantial benefit to the Nation. The International Sanitary Conference.to which I have referred, adopted a form of a bill of health to be used by ail vessels seeking to enter the ports of the countries whose representatives participated in its deliberations. This f.r iu has since been prescribed by the National Board of Health and incorporated with its bills and regulations, which have been approved by me in pursuance of the law. The health of the people is of supreme importance. All measures looking to their trotectiou against lhe spread of contagious diseases ahd to the increase of our sanitary knowledge for such purposes deserve the attention of Congress. Th Finances. The report of the Secretary ol the Treasury represents in detail a highly satisfactory exhibit of the state of finances and coudition of various branches of the public service administered bv tl'-t department. The ordinary reveuues from all sources for the fiscal year ending June 10, IsSl. were: From customs. Sl9M.i59.t7t.02; from interital revenue. Sl&Vbi.r&rM: fr-m public lands. fA'221 8ts.l: from tax on circulation and deposits t f National Banks. SI, 116,115 12; from repayment f Interest by Pacific Railroad Companies, $810,h33.su: from sinking fund for Pacific Railroad Companies, fKOö.lHO.S-l; iroin customs fees, fines, lHMiaities, etc., $1.223.".!4.86; from fees, consular letters, patents und lands. $2.214 28:1 0: from the proceeds of sates of Government proja-rty, $262,-17-f.DO; from nrofitR on coinage, $3,168,-Pv 61 ; from revenue of the District of Columbia. $!.U16.1,J'J.23: from miscellaneous sources. $,200 KsJ.lS; total ordinary receipts. 80C0.7W.ÄÜ.57. The ordinary expenditures for the same period were: For civil expenses, $17,911. 177.PJ; for foreign Intercourse. $l.'.x;?91.92: for lndiaus, $6.514,151.1: for infusions, $00,000,279 02; for the military establishment. including river and harbor Improvements aud arsenals, ?! 046,6 16,0'5: lor the Naval establishment, including vessels, machinery and improvements at Navv Yards, $1,568 067,1 66: for miscellaneous expenditures, including public buildings, light houses and collecting the revenue, tl, 1X1,728,0)7: for ex peudit tires on account of the District of t'olumbia. $:tM.39I.20; for interest on the public debt. $8,2ön.8 4,118; for premium on bonds purchased. tlOfi.124.X78. Total ordinary expenditures. $26.071. 5SS.159. leaving a surplus of revenue of $10.006.910.498, which was applied as follows: To the redemption of bonds for the sinking fund, $74.371.200; fractional currency for the sinking fund, $WO,001 8V. loan of February, 1H61, $7 418,960; 10-4(s of 1S64. 2.016,150: 5 20s of I8i2, $18.300 5-20s of 1S64. $:i.4O0; 5 20s of IStio. $:i7.::00; consols of lS6r, $1.431.500; i onsols of 1867, $959,150 90; consols of 1868. $::17,4O0; loan indemnity stock. $10.000; old demand, compound interest and other notes, $18,38), and to the iucreae of cash in the Treasury, $14 17,023 93: total, $1.00,069.40 98 The requirements of the sinking fund for the year amounted to $90.786,064.0.', which sum includes a balance of $19,817.128 78 not provided for during the previous fiscal year. The sum of $7,418,02, 10 was applied to this fund, which left a deficit of $1.630.587.347. The Increase of the revenues for issi over those of the previous year was $2,935,290,110. It is estimated that the receipts during the preent fiscal vtar will reach tlO.noo.OOO, and the expenditures $27!.0- 0.000, leaving a surplus of $130.000.000 applicable to the sinking fuud aud the redemption of the public debt. RETIREMENT OF 8ILVER CERTIFICATES. 1 aDprove the recommendation of the Secretary ot the Treasury that provision be made for the early retirement of silver certificates, and that the act requiring their issue be repealed. They were 1- sued in pursuance ol the policy of the Government to maintain silver at near the gold staudard, aud were accordingly made receivable for all customs, taxes and public dues; 66.000,000 of them are now outstanding. They are found au unnecessary addition to the paper currency, a sufficient amount of which may be readily supplied by the National Bank. In a'xrdance with the act of February 28. 1878, the Treasury Department has mouthly caused at least 2,000.000 in value of stiver bullion to be coined into silver dollars; 102,000,000 of these dollars hare been already coined, while ab.mt 34,000,000 are iu circulation, for the reasons which he tpecifies. I concur in the secretary's recommendations that the provision for coinage of a fix d amount each month be repealed, and that hereafter only so much be coined as shall be necessary to supply the denimid. The Secretary advises that the issue of gold certificates should not for the present be removed, and suggests that the National Banks may properly le foi biddeu by law to retire their currency except upon reasonable notice of their intention so to do. Such legislatiou would seem to be justified by the recent action of certain banks on the occasion referred to Iu the Secretary's report. Of the $15.000,000 of fractional currency still outstanding only about $80,000 has been redeemed the past year. The suggestiou that this amount may properly be dropped from future statements f the public debt seems worthy of approval. So ilso does the suggestion of the Secretary as to the advisability of relieving the calendar of the United States Court in the Southern District of New York by the transfer to another tribunal of the numerous suits there pending against collectors. THE REVENUE FROM CUSTOMS. The revenue from customs for the past fiscal year wts $198,159,676.02, an increase ol $11.637,6114 over that of the preceding year: $13S,698,2 39 of this amount was collected at the port of New York, leaving $10,251,114 63 as the amount collected at all the other ports of the country. Of this sum, $47,977,137 63 was collected on sugar and molasses, $27.285.624.78 on wool and its manufactures, $21.462,534.34 on iron and steel and manufactures thereof, $10,825,115 21 on manufactures of cotton and $6,469.643.04 on wines and spirits, making a total revenue from these sources of $133 058 729 81. The expenses of collection for the past year were $ti.419.345. an increase over the preceding year of $337,420.04. Notwithstanding the increase in revenue from customs over the preceding year, the gross value of Imports, Including free goods, decreased $25,000,000. The marked decrease was in the value of unmanufactured wool $14.023.682 and in tbat of scrap and plg-irou $12.810,071. The value of imports of sugar on the Other hand showed an Increase of 74,574.74: of steel rails, $43 455.21; of barley. $21,542.04. aud of steel in bars, ingots, etc., $5,200.46. The imports were as follows: Domestic merchandise. $00.839, 259 47; foreigu merchandise. $181.513 99: total, 90,238.731.60; imports of merchandise. $612,664.628; excess of exports over import' of merchandise. $09,712.719; aggregate of exports and imiauis, $1,545,041.974. Compared with the previous year, there was an increase of $06.838,688 in the value of exports of merchandise, aud a decrease of $25,290,118 In the value of Imports. EXPORT8 AND IMPORTS. The annual average of increase of imports of merchandise over the exports thereof for the ten years previous to June 30, 1873, was $104,806,922, but for the last six years there has been an excess of exports over the imports of merchandise amounting to $1.180.668,103; an annual average of $196.778 017. The specie value of the exports of domestic merchandise was $376,61 6,473 In 1870. and $883.925.917 in 18S1, an Increase of $307.309.474. oi 13.5 per cent. Th value of imports was $435,958,48 in 1870, and 3642.C61.C28 in lxsl, au increase of f20,i78.220, or 47 per cent, during each year from 1862 to 1879. inclusive. The exports of specie were exceeded In the Imports. The largest excess of such exports over imports was reached during the year 1861. wheu it amounted to rJ2.280.929. but during the year which ended June 30, 1SS0. the Imports of coin and bullion exceeded the exports, by $1.1,891,391, and during the last fiscal year the excess of imports over exports was $lJl, 168,650. REDEMPTION OF BONDS. In the last annual report of the Secretary of the Treasury the attention of Congress was called to the fact that $469,6"1.050 in five per centum bonds and $203,573,75. in six per ceutum bonds would become redeemable during the year, and Congress was asked to authorize the refunding of these bonds at a lower rate of interest. The bill for such refunding having failed to beonme a law, the Secretary of the Treasury In April last notified the holders of the $195.690,400 of six per centum bonds then outstandlng.that the bonds would be paid at par on the 1st day of July following, or that they might be continued at the pleasure of the Government to boar Interest at the rate of 3 per centum per annum. Under this notice $173,055,150 of the six per centum bonds were continued at the lower rate, and $17,635,250 were redeemed. In the month of May a like notice was given ivpeoung the redemption or continuance of the $439,841.350 of 5 per centum bonds then outstanding, and of these $101.504,900 were continued at 3 and 3j per cent, per annum, and $38.336,450 redeemed. The 6 per centum bonds on the loan of February 8, 166. and of the Oregon war debt, amounting together to $14,1:5,800, having matured during they ar, the Secretary of the Treasury gave notice of bis intention to redeem the same. Such as have been presented have been paid from surplus revenues. There hive also been redeemed at par, $16,179.100 of the 8 per cent continued bonds, making a total of bonds redeemed, or which have ceased to bear interest during the year, of $123,969.620. The reduction of the annual Interest on the publio debt through these tra nsactions la as f ol lows : By red uo iou of interest to 3V per cent.. $;0,473,952.27; by redemption of bonds, $6,352.310; total. $ 16,826,2 J2. 25. The 3V per cent bouds being payable at the pi Mwure of the Governmeut are available for the Investment of surplus revenue without the payment of premiums. Unless these bonds can be fund d at a much lower rate of interest than they now bear 1 agree with the Secretary of the Treasury that no legislation respecting them Is desirable. It is a matter for congratulation that the business of the country has been ao prosperous during the past year as to yield by taxation a large surplus of income to the Government. INTERNAL TAXATION. If the revenue laws remain unchanged this sur-

plus must. ear by year

increase on account of the reduction of the public debt and its buiden of Interest, and because of the rapid increase of our population In I860, just prior to the institution of our internal revetrie system, our population but s'.ighily exceeded thirty mi.lious. By the census oi lüO it is now found to xceed fifty millions. It is estimated that even if the annual receipts and txpenoitures should continue as at present, tle entire debt could be paid in ten years. In view, however, of the heavy load of taxation which our people have already b jrne. we may well consider whether it Is not the part of wisdom to reduce the revenue, even if we delay a little the payment of the debt. It seems to me that the time has arrived when the iwr'o may justly claim some relief from their justly eoonnous burden, ai d that by due economy in the various branches of the pub lie service this may readily be afforded. I tm-re-fore concur with the Secretary i i recommending the abolition of all internal revenue taxes, except tho-e upon tobacco in its various forms, and upon distilled spirits and fermented liquors, and except also the special tax upon the manufacture of. and dealers in. such articles. The intention of the latter tax Is desirable, as affording the officers of the Government a proper stiervision of these article for the prevention of fratrd. I agree with the Secretary of the Treasury that the law imposing a stamp upon matches, proprietary articles, playing cards, checks and drafts, may with propriety BE REPEALED, and the law also by which banks and bankers are assessed upon tueir capital and dejtosits. There seems to be a general sentiment in favor of this course. In the present coudition of our revenues, the tax upon deposits is especially uuiust. It was never imposed in thl country until it was demonded by ih necessities of war, and was never exacted, 1 believe, in any other countrr. even in its greatest exigencies. Bankers are required to secure their circulation by pledging with the Treasurer of the United States bonds of the General Government. The interest on these bonds, which at the time the tax was imposed was 6 per cent.. Is now In most Pistanets 3'4 ier cent., and besides the entire circulation was originally limited by the Government, and no Itio ease was allowable. When the exitig banks had practically a monopoly of the busings, there was torce in toe sucstion that for tPe franchire to the favored guarantees the Government might very properly exact a tax on circulation, but for years the s stem has been free and the amount of cirlatiou regulated by the publ:c demand. The retention of this tax has been suggested .s a means i.i reimbursing the Government for tic- expenses of printing and furnishing the circulating notes. If the tax stionld be repealed, it would certai ly seem proper to require the National Banks to pay the amount of such expense to the Comptroller of the Currency. It is perhap doubtful whether tne immediate reduction ! th - ra'e of taxatiou upon liquors and t.'bac o is advisable, especially in view of the drain u;ou the Treasury which must attend lhe payment of the arrears of ten sions. A corajaiisoii. however, of tne amount if taxes collected under the varjitiK rates of taxatiou which have at different times prevailed suggests the intimation that some reduction may soon be made wiihout material diminution of the revenue. The Tariff. The tarlfTlaws also need revision, but that a due regard tuny be pnid to the conflicting interests of our citizei.s ltnortaiit chat ges should be made wsth caution If a careful revision can not be made at this essjoii, a Commission such as was lately approved by the senate ami is now recommended by the Secretary of the Treasury would doubtless lichten the labors of Congress whenever this subject bhall be brought to lis consideration. The Army. The eccompanjing rejart of the Secretary of war win maae Known me operations ot inst De partment lor me past year, lie-suggests meas ures for promo lug the efficiency of the Armv with adding to the. number of its officers, aud recommends the legislation necessary to increase the number of enlisted men to 30.00O, to the maximum allowed by law. 1 his he deems neecssary to maintain quietness on our ever phifting frontiers- to preserve peace and suppress disHter and marauding lu new settlements; to protect settlers and their property against the Indians ai d the Indians against the encroachments of intruders, and to enable peaceable im--mlgranu to establish homes in the most remote parts of our country. The army is now ueces-. sarily scattered over such a vast extent of territor that, when an outbreak occurs, reinforcements must be hurried from many quarters over great distances and always tit a lo-avy cost for transportation of men, horses, wagons and supplies. v . 1 concur in the recommendation of the Secretary lor increasing the army to the strength of 30.000 men. it appears by the Secretary's report that In the absence of disturbances on the frontier the troops have been actively employed In collecting Indians hitherto hostile and locating them on their proper reservations; that Sitting Bull and his adherents are prisoners at Fort Randall: that the Utes have been moved to their, new reservation in Utah; that during the recent outbreak of the Apaches it was necessaiy to reinforce the garrisons iu Arizona by troops withdrawn from 5ew Mexico; that some Apaches are held prisoners for trial. while some have escaped, and the majorty of the tribe are now on thrir reservation. There Is need of legislation to prevent lhe intrusion on lands set apart for the Indians. A large military force at great exjeipe Is now required to patrol the bounbnry line between Kansas and the Indian Tenitory. The only punishment that can at present e inflicted is the forcible removal of the intruder and the imposition of a pecuniaiv fine, which in most cases it is impossible to collect. There should be a j enalty by irr prisonment In such cases. The separate organization of the signal service Is used by the Secretary of War and a fall statement of the advantages of such a permanent organization Is presented in the report of the Chief Signal Officer. A detailed report of the useful work performed by the signal corps and the weather bureau is also given in that report. i I ask attention to the statements of the Secretary of War regarding this requisitions frequently made by the Indian Bureau upon the subsistence department of the army for the casual support of bands and tribes of Indians, for which the appropiations are exhausted. The War Depaitment should not be left by reason of inadequate provision for the Indian Bureau to contribute for the maintenance ol tne ludlaus. River Improvement. The report of the Chief of Engt eers furnishes a detailed account of the operations for the im provement oi rivers ana narnors. i commend to your attention the suggestion contained in this report In regard to the condl iion or any ioruiicaii Nns, especially our coast defenses, and recommend an increase of the strength of the engineer battalion by which the efficiency of our torpedo system would be im proved, I also call your altentiou to the re marss upon tne improvement of the south Pas. of the Mississippi River, the proposed free bridge uci uir i i'u'uiau unci i vnrunjtwjwil, Ulc 1 III por-.ance ot completing at an early day the north wins or tne Department Building and other recommendations ox the Secretary of War, which appear in his report. The actual expenditures of this Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1881. were $42.122.JUI.X3. me appropriations lor tne year ls2 were $14.9.720.42, the estimates for 1S83 are $44.541.The Navy. The report of the Secretary of the Navy exhibits me txinuiuon 01 mat Dianen of the service and presents valuable suggestions for Iu improve menu i can your eseciai attention also to the appenaea report m tne Advisory Board, which he couvened to devise suitable means for increasing me emciency or me avy, aim particularly to report as to the character and number of vessels necessary to place u upon a looting commensui aie vim tne necessities of the Government. I can not too strongly urge upon my conviction that every consideration ol uatioual safety, economv nov iiuuui iiupciautciy aemauos a thorough rehabilitation of our Navy With a full appreciation of thj fact that a compliance w uh the suggestions of the neaaei mat department aud of the Advisory Board must involve a large expenditure of the pub ic moneys, i earnestly reoommend such an proprlatiotu as will accomplish in the end which seems to be so oesrrable. Nothing can be more inconsistent wun true public economy than w ith holding the means necessary to accomplish tne .1 t..i. 1.. tJ L iL. äs a1 " . oojecm luirusicu oy me iousiiiuuon to the Nam.2 1 T 1 1 a -v m . . . uoiiai Legislature, une oi tnese objects, and one which Is of paramount importance, is declared b our fundamental law to be the provisions for the "oomraon aeietise." surely nothing is more es sential to the defense of the United States and of all our people than the ethcic cy of our Navy. We have for many years maintained with foreign Government the iclations of houorable teae. and that such relations may be permanent is desired by every patriotic citizen of the Republic. But if we read the teachings 0f history we hall not forget that in the life of every nation eraer gencies may arise when a resort to arm can alone save it from dishonor. No d.mgrr from abroad now threatens this people, nor have we any cause to distrust the friendly profe sions of other Gov ernments. But fer avoiding as well as repelling dangers that may threaten us lu the future we roust te prepared to face any policy which we think wise to adopt. We must be ready to defend our harbors against ageresslon, to protect, by the distribution f our ships of war over tne highways of commerce, the varied iuteet of our foreign trade, and the person aud property of our citizens abroad, to maintain everywhere the honor of our flag, and the distinguished position which we may rlghtfullv claim iu the Nations of the world. The PostnUIce Department. The report of the Postmaster General is a gratifying exhibit of the growth and efficiency of the Postal Service, lhe receipts from postage and other ordinary sources during the past year were$464.898 316.5; tne leceipts from the money order business were $295,581.39 making a total of $36, 782.397.97. The exiajuditures for the fiscal year were $69,25I,7J6,4G, the deficit supplied outofthe general treasury was $21.814,293.50; 63 ptT cent, of the amou nt The recei pts were $.540,991 63 In ex cess of those of the previous year and $ 1.595,397.97 in excess of the estimate made two years ago before the present period of business properity had fairly begun. The whole numrjpr of letters mailed In this country in the last fiscal year exceeded 1.000.000,100. The registry system is reported to be in excellent condition, having been reniodleed during the past four years with good results. The amounts of registration fees collected during the last fiscal year was $712,82. 20,an increase over the year ending June 30. 1877, of $113,413.40. The entire number of letters aud packages registered during the year was 8.338,919. of which only 2,061 were destroyed or lost in transit. The operations of the money order i stein are multiplying yearly under the impulse of immigration, of the rapid development f the newer States and Territories aud the consequent demand for additional means of inter-commucication and exchange. During

the past year 336 additional money croVr ofrs have been established, making a total of .'. 4.". in operation at the date of this report ii;tp. n y nar the domestic money orders ht-jrej ; I in . 1 . . . . iof d iÄ n rk , . .

HU l'JO." J, J A mO'llIH'Jltio.l !.'; tern is suggested, reducing the fe f in r. cers not exceeding fn.m umi cent to ii . ; a id making the maximum limit SPo. J:, ;.j $0. Legislation for ttie disi'OsUioi. of i.w ;. rroney orders in the iossessi.,:i uf the I'o Iepartmeut is recommended, in vi-w of . s r ii.- d net mat tneir total vaiue now exceed- :. o 1 he attention of Congress is again i oi.ite.J to Al . s lojeci oi esiaDii-ning a system or m i .tu j .-i-tones in connection with the l'ostoiücc lxi uitment. THE STAR ROl'TES. .The statistics of mail lraosiortatlon show dorlug the tat year railroad routes have oc m in creased ia lenath 6.249 miles and in co-r tl.ll :,;, while steamboat routes have be'en o en um-. i i k'huth 2 181 miles cod in the cot il 'A i The so-called Star lloutes. have b-.eu dccr -l In length 3.819 miles and in cost S -04.1 1 1 NV triy r 11 ff the more expersive rontr? have 1 1 en hi i-r-seded by ral'road servics. The cost ot thS ur i-erviee must, therefore, rapidly dtcrc.i'e in ih" Western States ami Territories. The Postmaster General, however, rails attcntkn to thecoTistanUy ltitre-ai;.i c tof the milwav mail service as a seriona CiclCuUy, ui lh- way ot making the Department 'serf su-tan ing. ir postal intercourse with foreun connlili s ha- k- pt pace with the growthof th dorn s ic service. Within the past colonies have to r the jstal eludes all , an organ bred . year evera! o'iintrie a-d declared their . H'the-P"! . utiio:i. - ft "io.v inIh se , 4 .y,i l.avc postal iortijr J c j.t Rica, ew . Zai.kiud and Bollva. Costa v , the British colonies lu Australia. Aa- 1 us n already Hated, great reductions ) ue ren : tly been msde in the expense of the Stnr Ko-ite service. The investigations if ine ! p.itre;a of Justice aodthe Postoflic Ih-partüieiu L.iu- it. tilted in the presentation .'of indie m .-w i.t persons formerly -onnected with tiit s'i.n-. mccuslt g them of rfenccs against ihe (Hi -1 - i i. . I have enjoined upon theoflictais m it im i,--el with the oonductid theca.se iL - i ... r i , i t:nGovernment, and upo the eml-ici. to, -j ,m -,i.. before my mvhsIoh to the I'n .-!.;. . ie called to liieir uMisUrco. Ced.u with the utmost vigor all' jers ,;:s uh,, inn ufound CbarcPAbU with, fraud-, iii-oii tl,e i'n.i Service. ,1 he Acting Attorney G- n-ud .cMU si tentit.n to the ueceniy of naif irg iru- pre.-..! ejstem of the Courts of ii-:Jil.-d -tj.t.-. necessity due to the large iucv i .sii..-s. ja-cially iu the Supreme 0urt. I.iii,n;i..u in our Federal tribunals became gnatiy .x;ui'ted after the close of the late w-r. m long as that expansion njiMt W t.lbuted to the uLuormal : mdiiiou i;i v hi. !i 1 community found' itself iuiuielio ly ;.f -r ihre turn of peace. pfllde:icvr -Quired t tmt change oc in ado irv the cnstiti:l;o:i ..f Jm'itijl Trihtlihjs. bUt.it thus, now txiae appaie t ilxt auiuimcuseiiicrca.se ot li'igntioo Ku.-iim -: resulted from the wonoetlul growth aini . viv .p ment of the country. Theten, no vr.:id i tt -belief that the LusiiKsa-oi loe-d lbd S'n;is Couita will ever t lavi io;uin t:iu at present. Indeed, that it i 1 Jtulf Ü I ij tjpc'; u'este.-. is generally recogidzedly the ph cl..-r i:r. in view of the fict tlnU oiurM as ha ah rm. d : ven much consideration to thi.- suhj.c;. 1 i.),.l,e no rugucstioii as to de.ail, but xpics-u.e 1. ;. thiit your deliberations may result 1,1 mu-Ii 1 -i i Immoo as w 11 give earty. relief to our om-j lo.idened country, j'-- , r. , Offenses;; A gallo st Government. The acthift Attothev General Im rail Htt-?,tion to the disturbahce'of lhe public tranquility durin the past year in the Territory d" Arizona. A band of armed desperadoe. known as cowboys," probnbly i:uintarin from fifty to 100 men; have teen engaged LT mouths ia committing acts of UnUh ud brutality, which the local auihoriii- have ttei unable to repress. The depredations of th.-c "cow boys." Jiave also been exte!.dd into .Mexico, which the marauders reach In rfl the Aii. n a frontier. With every di-isition to meet the ex igencies of tUe case, I am tmbarms-ed by hn k f authority to deal with them cm ct!ly. lhe punishment of crimes committed within Arixonx should ordinarily, if course. Ie left to the territorial authorities, but it is woif y ;t consicer:'Ion whether the acta which iicccs-tii tci.d t embroil the Vaulted states i.h. utigl.tortt g e;..v ernments should not lie deUrcA Virus aHii.st the L'yiicd states: (N-rueed Iheicrttti i ss li .Kd to may perhapl be williiu the s cJ ti.e .,w. the Revised Statutes, Section 5.tf. ,.ird i- w railitary expeditions jr enterpiiscs u.ai si friendlr States." But in view of the 'serabliirg ftf yodrtxfly. Tlia4 jus fened to await such iCinslatiou as in your v !d "m the '-ersinn may seem to demand. It may peri:ps l thought proper to provide Hint ti.e settu g on foot without our ow n territory of bi igm 'm:e and armed marauding ext.-"iiiioti a.h.st frlendl- Nations, and tneir citizens si all Ic unliable as an oflepse agaüi-t Uic United Mates. I will add that iu Ux? event if jui-.t imni ihe Territoriat .Gortriiment ii''. pi-.cti..n bv the United states, -agahist -aotaeti violc ce." this Government would be powerlts.to :cidci asitance. The act of 1765. chapter SS, yasx.ihta time when the Terr torial Cioveri.iu-ni r et ived little attentlou from Congress, eufaned thj du;y of the United gtatttniily astiS a etk-veri hie .1. without the act of 1817, diepter-JV. at .plied a' oto Territories. This law M-ems to La ve-remained in force uulil the revWuu ul. tue statu Usa, w hen the provision for the Ten itorles was dropjH-d. I am not advised whether this alteration was mentioned or accidental, but as ft seems to me that the Territories should be oCercd the protection which is accorded to the States by the Consitution, 1 suggest legislation to thai end. - It seems to me that whatever viewc may pre.vaii as to the tolicy of reei.t lcisltin bv which the army has ceased to 1? a pan of ih'e jxse comiiatut, an exception imht wed be mad? for rmitting the rul it.t: v. to as-i.t the civil Territory --authorities In cufJrti g the laws of . the United . suu-s. ; Tne ue of -- the army would not seeia to be within the alleged evil.- ai:it which that legislation was a'mod. rui the sparsness of the population, and al.e; cim:mstances, it Is often quite impracticable to summon a civil pose in pla jcs where otfiecr o! j it h.-.- require help, and where a military force is wnhiu easy reach. 4 , The Interior . IeFai tiiiut. The report of the Se-cretarj of the Interior, with accompanying documents, pre-e4it an elaborate account of the business of that lei an ment. A summary of it would be too extended for this place. I f sk your careful attention to the reu,rt itself. - . . . . f 1 INDIAN AFFAIK8. . Prominent among the matter which challenges the attention of Congress at its present -ea-sion U the management cf our Indian attn-rs. While this question has been, a cause f trouble and embarrassment from the lnl.ti.t-y of the Gov en ment. it Is but recently that any cfJ .rts l.e been made for its solut.ou, at once seiious, determined, consistent, and promising Stlcct s. Jt has been ea ier to resort tq convenient nu kr-lilfts for tiding over the temporary difiiculiie r tgrapple with the (treat permanent i-nb 1.1. und accordingly the easier c-urse has alnn st i 1 an.ably been pursued. It was lminrs! m a time when the Naiioual territory c ued a ! most illimltaDle and contained many millions ol acres far south of the bounds of civilued M ttI i.iciil that a policy should have been initialed wi.hh more than aught else has been the f. -ultfui sou rev of our Indiau complications. I itfcr. of course to the policy of dealiug with the various Indian tribes as 6eparMe Nations 11 ;ies. f r gutting them by treaty stipulations to. the occpMi.cv of immeuse reservations in the Wt v. a;.d m encouraging them to live UhdUturbed by ki j .n.est and well-directed cfl'oris u brinxiiiciu under liie influence of clvlliz ition.' The n:js.vifactor result which have sprung from ihis p. -lic ur' becoming apparent to all, hs the w hit- sei M rs hn vo crowded the borders of the reervmioi,s. 1 1 Indians, aometims ccntenttdlv and some'tmes atfslmrt their will, hire been tra inferred to otter hunting-grounds, from which they hve Uei dislodged whawaver their new -f un.l homo have deeu desired by the aJve4.iuru: m. tili r- 1 hese removals and the frontier c .lli-i.-i s bvwt.uh they have often been preceded, have led f.e?nent and disastrous conflicts between iherate.s. t is profitless to discuss here w hich t,J tin 1:1 hi.S been chiefly responsible for the dNtutbdiuvs whose recital occupies s' large 8 on the paRca f our history. We bar;' to deal with the appalling fact that though thwiniTiilsof liw.s have been sacrificed and hundreds of ml'.li i s expended In the attempt to tdve the Indiü.-i problem It had until within the pnst few jtsrs seemed nearer a solution than it was halt a century ago, but the eioveruMeiit ha of late been cautiously but steadily feeling Vr ujv t the adoption of a policy which hns prdtic-d gialif) lng results, and which, iu ray judgment, is l.u-iv. if tkngress and the Executive accord in its supIoit, to relieve us ere Wug lrc.ru tin diriit ultp s which have tfset us For the wt-eosei the ef forts now making to intrvddee au: g fl.e l..:iians the customs and pnrsorts Vf (hllmij liu-, and gradually to absorb them into the mass of our dtlzens, sharing their righs aiMl holdm to their responsibility, there i imieraiire mtoVof legislative action. . . VA1.ÜA?LE Prr.fiimAitH.' My suggestion'in thai re pect will "be chicflv such as has been already called to the attention of Congress, and have received, to strfne exu nt. its consideration. First. 1 revommend the Passat of an act making the laws of the various Stales and Territories applicable to the Indim Ile.-erva-tions within their borders and exteudiLu tne law cf the State of Arkansas to the j.rii..o of the Territory not occupied by the five civilized tribes. 1 ne Indian mould receive the protection d the law; he khould be allowed to maintain in Court hig rit hta of person and propertr: he has repeatedly begged for this privilege, .113 exercise would be very valuable to him in his progress toward citilizttlon. Secvnd. or cveu greater im portance is the measure which has been frequently recommended by mv bredccesorsiu tdlicc. and iu furtherance of which several tills have been from. time t time iutioduced in both lloip-o of Cdngress." The euacrroeut f a general 1-rw iermitting the allotment in he re rait y tostsch Indians at least as desire it of a reasonable quantity of land secured to them by patent and for their own iTotectlon made inalienable tor twenty or twen ty-five years Is .demanded for their present w elfare and their ierruu!.eut aiva!c.iueut. In return for tuch considerate-actl ;u on the oart of the Government there I reason to 1 1'eve that the Indians in large numbers would be l erstiaded to sever their tribal relations, and to curate at once In agricultural pursuits, believing- rr.ui it is i.ow for their bel in leres ts ; to confer their manner of life to lhe tt.y ijreer f thincs by no greater iPduecmei t .than the !surance of a permanent title to the soil ran they be led to engage In the occupation f tilling. It, lhe wellattesiea report ou l&ir 1 ttenv; g. ir -erest in husbandry justify the Ui u.iu' iJcf that the enactment of 6uch a statntc as-"l ficommend would te at oik attended with eratlrclnir resulr A resort to the allotment sy&um w"uld have a powerful influence iu dissolving the tribal band,

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