Indianapolis Journal, Volume 54, Number 129, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 May 1904 — Page 26

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, SUNDAY, 31 AY 8, 190-1. part thyiee: 0 FranK G. Carpenter Secures Interview with New Zealand's Labor Secretary State Library at Capitol Visited By People who Desire Information

1 " ii i in j i. .- . . . m,m !, Ii iV; 7,. . -: f ,i&7??e ..-. r

He Tells How the Colony Handles the Problem that Confronts Labor and Capital. ..Industrial Unions Versus Trade Unions in that Country

GIVK jou to-day an Interview which I have Just received from the leading authority on capital and labor of what many consider the most advanced labor country m c.f the world. It conns frornihe other of th globe, away down below the equator; from the colour of New Zealand. It is written by the Honorable L'dward Tregear, who for the past fifteen yearn has Uen secretary of labor for that colony, and who lias always beii one of th prime movers In New Zealand's experiments on the labor problem. The interview is in response to questions which I ent Mr. Tregear several months ago, and it gives the situation as regards labor and capital In that country In It is now four years since I met Secretary Tregear in his otnee at the labor department In Wellington, New Zealand. lie is a bright-eyed, scholarly looking man of perhaps forty-five years of age. lie i3 thoroughly posted on the labor situation, and especially on all things connected with labor in Australia and New Zealand. During our chat he told me what the government was then doing to reconcile the troubles of labor and capital; how it had established the weekly half-holiday, has practically fixed the forty-eight-hour week, and how it was to some extent regulating trusts and the accumulation of large fortunes. He said that the workingmen of the country had become the preponderating influence ia political life, and their success had been won not through violence, but by reasoning out the matter on the stump and thereby getting the balance of power la Parliament. Mr. Tregear then thought that New Zealand's efforts toward equalizing the rights of man would be imitated by other countries. He said the colony was steadily advancing, and that he hoped great things for the future. That was in the year 1300. Here is what he says of the situation to-day. The questions interspersed through the interview are mine: INDUSTRIAL, NEW ZEALAND IN 1901. "Department of Labor. "Wellington. N. Z.. 15th of March, 1W4. "My Dear Mr. Carpenter It is not easy to condense in a single article answers to the large social and economic questions you send me, but I will do my best. You ask whether organized labor has been for the good of this country? I believe that the organization of labor in New Zealand has been productive of much good both to employer and employed. It has allowed industrial a flairs to be looked at from a calm, collective standpoint. The employers have met the organizations of their men by forming similar unions and associations among themselves, so that in regard to the conditions of wages, hours, etc., in a trade the personality of the individual counts little and his energies have .to be turned to his own more perfect work and tha improvement of methods and materials rather than to the grosser sorts of trade competition. "The 'sweater has been eliminated, and the honest employer, who wishes to pay fair wages, is encouraged by the absence of tthe commercial pirate. Moreover, employ'ers are not at tho mercy of their men in critical times." "On the part of tha workers themselves organization has helped enormously to better their condition. The trade unions have been mostly superseded by Industrial uuifnsT registered under the arbitration act, and such unions can do nothing directly to raise the wages of their members. They have, however, great political and social lnrluence." "I have understood that the trade unions run tho country?" "The unions do not 'run the country' as their enemies assert. There are only 23,0u0 unionist workers in New Zealand out of a population of 840,000 persons having adult surfrage of both sexes, so their votes could not run the country. Their influence, however, from their solidarity and intelligence, Is very great and no politician can disregard it; therefore they can bring pressure on legislation. "Economically the unions advantage labor Indirectly, but very weightily, through the industrial conciliation boards and arbitration court. Unions Induce a feeling of comradeship; they have helped to advance wages, shorten hours, gain paid holidays and half-holidays and limited the number of boy workers. "The third party, the public, irenerallv unconsidered in such matters, no longer has to bear the danger, annoyance and loss through disturbance of trade and of society caused by employer and employe fighting out their quarrels and pretending to decide questions of right and wrong by methods of brute force for the checkbook can be as brutal a weapon as the club." WAGES STEADY AND ADVANCING. "How about wages?" "Wages In the colony rise and fall but little; they have been steadily advancing of late years. They differ according to climatic conditions in different parts of the colony, but they average fairly as follows: Ordinary laborers, J2 a day; farm laborers, $5 to $6.30 a week and found; carpenters, J2.50 a day; plumbers. $2.50; bricklayers, $3 to 54; painters, $2.23; bootmakers, 110.50 to J13 per week (but most on piece work); order tailors. $2.50 a day: plasterers. $3; station hands (cowboys). J3 to $6 a week and found; shepherds, $375 to $125 a year and found." "Give me some idea of your women unionists." "Our women take but little share in organlzed labor. With the exception of the "ru-din talloresses, who number about 5H, there are no Influential or active women's unions. This arises partly because the Inspectors of factories and shops iok with unremitting vigilance after the wages, overtime pay. holidays, etc., of the women and girls, so that there is no pressure neces-

A Natural History Study

rt me icw peopie so uninieuiI I gent that they do not appreciate, 1 I I.. . .i ....i.. m m TTT7rr . ILin in ouiiie iiicfisuif, me value oi lorests, but perhaps there are fewer still who fully appreciate the gi gantic importance of 'the part trees play in the progress and maintenance of civilization. The fact is, that without trees our present civilization could not have been developed for ages, and perhaps it could never have been developed at all. In many parts of our own country, for example, farming operations would be impossible but for the trees, such Is their Influence upon the streams. They regulate the water supply and tend to prevent both floods and drought. They supply fuel, on of the greatest necessities of life, and they supply the lumber for the building of cities, bridges, railroads and ships. Y'et most of us never stop to think that the number cf our trees Is limited, that we are using. them up far faster than they are being replaced, either by man or nature, and that, unless some means can be found either to prevent the wholesale destruction of lumber which Is now going on, or to offset It by replanting large areas with young trees, a timber famine must result at no very distant day. W of this generation may never feel It except in the Increased price of lumber an J fuel, but those who come after us will curse our neglect and want of foresight. Of course it has become necessary that vast forests of fine trees be cut every year; gigantic industries, in which millions of dollars and the employment of hundreds of thousands of men are Involved, make it Impossible to stay the hand pf the lumber

. S stlf ' ' i i i in r ... v i .7 . .V-V Hon. Cdword Tregear, Secretary of Labor. "Wellington. New Zealand sitating unionism. Moreover, probably the want of cohe.-ion In the sex when engaged In the industrial work of this country has effect here as elsewnere. There are no women members of men's unions. We have 'woman suffrage,' and our feminine electors exert steady political influence in certain directions such as temperance but their industrial position does not seem to need interference. "Does eight houre Increase drunkenness?" "It would certainly be a slander on our working classes if any one accused them of drunkenness. There is more drunkenness In Glasgow or in Moscow in a night than in New Zealand in a year. To say that an eight-hour day leads to drunkenness and loafing is rubbish. The overtired man who has worked too long is he who craves a stimulant." "After eight hours of active and often strenuous labor leisure is not loafing, and the accusation sometimes comes with a very bad grace from people who are either idlers themselves or engaged in predatory industry. "The vices of the colonist are not drunkenness, but gambling and devotion to low ideals, the worship of the race horse and of the football. "It Is not probably that any shorter working day than that of eight hours will obtain for several years, but I hope that as machinery takes the place of sinew, and when the machine is owned by the man who works it, 'plain living and high thinking' may help to a very few hours a day having to be necessarily worked by any one. Exertion on a loved and fancied line of direction is, of course, under different conditions, and time so spent will never be measured." OLD AGE PENSIONS. z "Does not the eight-hour day encourage extravagance?" "As to extravagance, the shorter working day has had if anything a beneficial effect In the direction of economy. If the savings banks statistics be accepted as a test. Personally, I hate hearing thrift preached to persons of low incomes. Below a certain wage line every penny saved is a sin against the workers' family, depriving them of some necessity of life. It is enough of thrift for such a one to be insured, or in a friendly society to guard against sickness or accident or death. The working father or mother who has brought Up a family ha?, at the cost of a thousand selftlenials and deprivations, performed a most valuable duty to the state and should be provided for in his or her old age by the state whose future has been thus nourished, even if it means heavy taxation of those who have had better opportunities of acquiring money or property by shirking the responsibility of fostering large families. In New Zealand, through our old age pensions, we partly meet our moral and national liabilities, but much more will yet have to be done by the English-speaking peoples if they wish to make their nations in the future anything more than mixtures or mongrel aliens, "Concerning your question as to the employment branch of the New Zealand labor department, and whether such an office would succeed in America, I consider it has been a success here and see no reason w hy It should not be useful in the States. Since 1S91 w-e have assisted 22.CS2 men, and these had TO.mO defendents. so that 103,152 persons have been benefited. This does not Include the thousands who take advantage of ou" information offices all over the countrythe figures given above are of those who received actual assistance in railway and steamer fares, etc., in order to "bring the work and the worker together.' "Our clients receive no charity or monetary assistance; we only find hard work for them. The expenses of transit have to be refunded, and. contrary to the belief of the pessimist, they are refunded. In the large majority of cases. No better test of the value of the work so done can be given than by the way the operatives and laboring classes stand by us; it is a dangerous experiment in New Zealand to abuse its labor department in public." "What does your government offer to Immigrants, and what are the chances for young men to make fortunes' in New Zealand?" "The government offers no special inducements to immigrants, and it has not done so for many years. Last year we had a surplus of 12,oü) arrivals over our departures, but of these 10.0n) were Australians, driven out by the drought in their own country. Most of the people who come here, excepting the tourists, stay with us. New Zealand is a lovely land, and it is full of attractions. It offers a gooel field for steady, honest living. Young men have many oppertunitles to secure comfortable incomes, and at the end of life financial independence. As to the probabilities of their becoming millionaires 1 am glad to say they are nil." NEW ZEALAND PROSPEROUS. "What is the condition of New Zealand?" "The country has been for years progressing rapidly, and in spite of croakers against 'labor as king. we flourish more and more. The hands in factories have nearly doubled man. But in the very interest of these great Inelustries destructive lumbering should be everywhere guarded against. As often as not. tho owners of the forests are not to blame for thevdestructive lumbering which goes on by their orelers; they are driven by excessive taxation on their forest lands to cut and sell their timber as fast as possible, that they may realize on their property once for all, and without the slightest regard for the future. As soon as the trees are gone, the etwners refuse to pay the taxes any longer, and the almost valueless land goes back to the State. With reasonable taxation, these owners would have been able to cut the trees carefully, and In such a way as to insure the preservation of the forest, with a view to obtaining valuable crops of timber In the future. Thousands and thousands of square miles of land which should now be covered with thriving young forest trees are simply so much wilderness, and many and many a county, which with reasonable taxation might have been prosperous to-day. is poor because its natural wealth of timtter has hcrtn squandered. An enemy almost if not quite as destructive as bad lumbering is the forest fire, which destroys, not only the timber lands, but very often dwellings and human lives besides. When conditions are favorable to such a fire it sometimes reaches appalling proportions. Such was the case with the Miramicht fire of IMS. which, in the short s-pace of nine hours, destroyed a belt of forest eighty miles long by twenty-five miles wide, killed almost every living thing, including fish in the streams, over an area ef more than 2.5o0.0 acres, swept away a number of towns, burned l.rt head of stock and killed l) people. The Poshtigo fire of 171 was still more disastrous, covering, as it did. 2.MO square miles in Wisconsin, and involving the loss of many millions of dollars and the death of nearly 1.5 persons. This fire burned slowly for several days at first, and might have teen put out easily enough before the high wind came and lashed It to a fury beyond all control. When forest tlrea first legln they may often be beaten out with grttn branches. Thoö

J. .i

C

The Fort'-Ei'ht Hour WeeK and I;s Effect on DrunKenness and Football... Old Age Tensions for "WorKinß'men... Government Ownership

In number tfurir.? eirrht years; they rose I from 2:.,7'J in to j!vi17 in i.3. Agricul- j tural ami p.istoi:;l employments have also ; been in a prosperous condition. a3 shown ; by the value ot our exports, chiclly wool, ! f roz n meat. I ittr. ndvanrlrg at a leap of 3,1G,713 (about IH..Oou) in mz . over those of tr.e previous year. The pri- ; vate wealth of the people rote in value l I will net weary you with more iigurcs." "Does it pay you to have the government run tho railroads'."' "New Zealand, through taking over the railroads, telegraph lines, etc., as national property, has won gi t at advantages. Such action sec-ires the- people against combinations in regard to oppressive prices for fares and freights, prevents discriminations, sind gives back to the people the pronts made through the use of railways and telegraphs by the people. On its being found that the New Zealand railways were making greater protits than were necessary to pay interest on the cost of construction, fares and freights were Immediately lowered very considerably. Special benefits are granted to agriculturists and those 'far back;' lime for manuring purposes, boxes tor fruit, etc., are carried free, while tho freight for fruit is almost nominal. "Railways and telegraphs working together save much expense in officials, correspondence, etc. The disadvantage of having telegraph lines in private hands was shown in England during the Roer war, when the confidential telegrams to the crown ministers leakeel out to financiers be fore the messages were delivered. Here the public are not hustled and hectored by their own officers as they are by servants o companies, nor are the lives of the officials and laborers recklessly sacrificed to make fat dividends. "The government Is opening up coal mines. The mines now being privately worked will probably not be interfered with for a long time, but by having national mines the formation of rings and monopolies can be prevented through the market being regulated by coal sold at cost price if it is thought fit. "The government life-insurance department, the public trust office, which administers the estates cf deceased persons; the advances to settlers' department, enabling struggling farmers to pay off old and costly mortgages through cheap government loans; the land for settlement department, breaking up big estates by resumption and cutting them up into small farms all these departments are doing beneficial and profitable work. "The agricultural depratment. by grading butter, cheese and flax, by distributing superior seeds, eggs, etc., and by fighting insect pests, is of great use to the community." NEW ZEALAND VS. UNITED STATES. "Would your labor laws do equally well in so large a country as ours?" "It is true that New Zealand is a tiny land compared with the United States and our legislation 13 often referred to as experimental. There are, however, certain natural and personal laws as imperative in oue place, however large, as In another, however small. Stones do.not fall upwards in America more than in New Zealand, nor can a workingman on a strike keep his familv on air in one locality more than in another. The New Zealander removes his industrial disputes from the vicinity of the labor boss, the armed picket and the state militia to the calm rational atmosphere of a court, which examines his claim, sees if the employer is getting unfair profits out of his men. and gives the workman for a flxed' time a minimum wage for his work, while he can earn as much more as his employer likes to give him. The man need not work. nor his employer pay the minimum wage or any wage, but tf he works nt all at that trade he must not be 'sweated, nor may he undercut his mates in wages." "t'ould the labor arbitration act be applied to the United States?" "I cannot see why such industrial arbitration proved to be of value in New Zealand, and adopted by the neighboring colonies which watched it working, should be deleterious to the United States. It is true that if It were adopted the presidents of your labor federations and othen union bosses would shrink in power consumedly, and so woulel the trust magnates and 'bulldozers' of capital; but the gain to capital, labor and the public through having reasonable eleclsions by a Judge in Industrial matters instead of the arbitrament of the bnily would be enormous. "Our arbitration act here has steadied business, leveled up wages, protected the families of the worker, advanced the spending power of the masses (and therewith profits to employers), mitigated the bitterness of class feeling formerly nourished in strike and lockout, and helped to neutralize uncertainty of employment. Exports, manufactures, distribution, settlement, all have flourished through or alongside this law's excellent existence. "If this is my opinion, 1 am not alone. New South Wales followed us in adopting the regulation of Industry called in America 'compulsory arbitration.' Its acting premier, speaking only last week at a public banquet, gave figures to show the growth of exports and manufactures, adding, ironically: 'I only quote the figures to fhow how socialistic legislation is driving capital out of the country. He further stateel that the gvowth of manufacturing interests during the next two years will to without parallel in the -history of New South Wales. "Progressive legislation of a similar character to that of New Zealand may be hurtful if introduced into America, but If it should be tried fairly I believe it would mock the doleful prophecies of its present enemies as fully as it has shamed its former opponents in this colony. And they were not easily shamed. (Signed) "EDWARD TREGEAR. "Secretary of Labor." In closing this letter I would say that I doubt whether the industrial conditions of t,he United States and New Zealand are so near alike that the same methods could successfully be applied to both. I thank Mr. Tregear for his oriniou. They come not only from a great economic thinker, but from one who for fifteen years has been a practical working executive in the fi?ld of which he writes. FRANK G. CARPENTER. (Copyright. 1904.) Trees and Their Enemies Dy Ernest Harold Daynes which have made headway, but which arc iMuiuug aiong me grouna only, mav o'te n ne cnecKetj ny tne digging of a trench, an this method is particularly recommende where the lloor of the forest Is dry and dee and peaty, in which care the fire is apt t smoulder far beneath the surface and break out again long after It seems ti have been extinguished Rut tho anro forest tires are those which run along the ground n,nei through the tons of the treei at the Fame time. First becoming intensely hot on the ground, the fire runs un the dry trunks of the trees, and then it becomes one of the most destructive forces known. Trnveling often faster than a ma n can run, it sweeps everything in Its path buildings, fences and animals being con sumed like tissue paper In a furnace. Witl the wind in Its favor there is but one thin, which can stop a bisr fire of this ch.naeter and that one thing is a wide space on whic there is nothing to burn. Sometimes a r,a1 mal kartier like a river or a sandy strete tmay bar tne path of the names, but if no an unournanie space snoui.l be made startinc what are called "bark fires" by at some distance ahead of the main fire. The smaller fires should be kept under contro and allowed to burn against the wind only They will thus consume all the burnahl material over a wmo strip in tne patnw of the main fire, so that when they me the latter will go out for lack of fuel. ny et He Was GoIiik to lie Something. A colored man in Philadelphia requested his employer to release him so that he could go South. "What do you want to go for, Lafayette?" " 'Cos I'se called to a church down dar." "Called ti a church? What are you going to be?" "I'se goin' to be sumIn. I dunno wheddcr I be the pasture, or dc sextant or de vestureman, but I'se goln' to be sumtln'." Success.

i r 5 Miss Helene Goodwin. Of New Castle, Miniature Painter An Indiana Girl's Bic Success Abroad Miniature WorK o Mis Helene Goodwin, of New Castle. Accepted for the Paris Spring Salon HE news which recently came from II Paris telling of the wonderful IT1-..V - of this city, and of the recognition of her work as an artist, is a source of great pleasure to people of Indiana, who have watched her progress with much interest- for the past few years. Miss Goodwin went to Taris last year to study in colors under two professors who are the finest instructors in that center of culture. She did esneclal work in miniatures, ana two of these she submitted to the Art So ciety of Paris, and a few weeks later was notified that both had been accepted and would be given a place in the spring salon in the Grand Talais Des Champs Klysees, the art center of the civilized world. This honor and distinction is the goal and ambition of all artists w ho go to Paris, and one for which many toil years to ob tain and then fail. It brings to the aspirant a recognition of ability that cannot be ob tained otherwise. Like all true artists. Miss Goodwin is very modest, and has never striven for undue recognition, but rather preferred to let merit bring its reward. Her work has been so closely interwoven with that of her sister, Miss Frances Goodwin, that to speak of one is always to think of the other as well. Miss Helene Goodwin s art work began in New Castle in a private class, of which her sister Frances was teacher. At this time the latter was taking up art work In a small way, making tri-weekly trips to Indiananolis to take lessons in an art scnooi established by Chicago people, but which was discontinued after a year on account or. lack of patronage. In speaking of this school recently Mrs. May Wright Sewall, of Indianapolis, said that it had accom plished much if It did nothing more tnan give to the world such an artist as Frances Goodwin. In 1SS3 Frances Goodwin went to Chicago and studied in the Art Institute under Lorado Taft for four years. Her sister joinetl her there, and for a time both studied painting and drawing. While there, however. Frances jdlscovereel that her inclinations were becoming more decided toward sculnture. and this tendency became so decided that she knew she had found her lifework in it and was happy. About this time she submitted a profile for a bust of Schuyler Colfax for a place in the national Capitol. Her design won over a large num ber or competitors, her former teacner, Professor Taft, beins among the number. The next work of Miss Frances was the statue of Education, which stood in the Indiana building during tho Columbian Exposition, and which now stands in the Gov ernor's parlor in the Statehouse at Indian apolis, in iwj me sisters wem io ev York and joined the Art League, where each studied in her respective line, continuing there, for the most part, until last fall, when they went to Paris. . In 1103, before leaving New York. Miss Helene submitted two miniatures, mother and child, to the American Water Color Society of New York city. There were three hundred pictures submitted at this exhibition, only eight of which were accepted, and Miss Goodwin's two were among the eight. The sisters spent the summer of 1903 in New Castle, and in the fall went to Paris. Helene entered the Colrose School of that city, where she has the best instructors in Paris. Miss Frances has been studying sculpture in various galleries, but expects .to soon resume her studies under that master sculptor, Frederick MacMouies. The sisters will remain abroad several months yet. MARK O. WATERS. . New Castle, Ind., May 7. II A Beautiful This frame house makes an excellent design fcr a lot. size VXfxZs feet. The foundation Is stone and the cellar Is under the entire house 7 feet 6 inches deep. fhe first story of brick or stone veneer the second story shingles; the gables, and

jfe'Kfr: If f

la m

Vomen who A.re to Read Papers Before Literary Clvihs ' Are Among the Daily Patrons... Another Class Anxious About History of Their Ancestors JZ? JZ? JZ7

.IE State Library, located on the I second floor of the Str.tchouse, -.-2, J is ;.n exceedingly interesting place to visit from the fact that one sees people there hunting in formation of all kinds. The rooms are large and through the windows a flood of light is admitted, and th?re are plenty of tables lor those who desire to look over reference hooks and who also desire a place to write. There is little noise to disturb any one. and altogether it is an admirable place to do mental work of the kind in which most of the patrons of this library engago. For a number of years there were fewpeople who knew that there was such an institution as the State Library, but of late it has become more widely known, and now it ia seldom that the room does not contain a number, of people poring over large volumes marked with age. The patrons of this library are not in quest of story books, but are mostly people seeking information on some subject in which they are greatly interested. For this reason the State Library is purely for reference, which makes it widely different from a public library. The patrons of the State Library are persons investigating subjects and they are not seeking books to carry home to read at leisure as a form of amusement. The people who visit this institution are all interested in deep subjects, such as eiuestions of state, reports of all sorts of industries and statistics of various kinds. They are not all interested in the facts which pertain to this State alone, but of tho whole United States. Then there are many historical students and people Interested in political and social science. Many of these may be seen in the library day after day In .pursuit of the Information in which they are Interested. They will appear when the room is opened in the morning and remain all day long poring over books, and when It comes time to close have to be notified, and many of them seem surprised to think that the day has passed so quickly. This Illustrates to what extent these people become engrossed in the subjects in which they are particularly Interested. WOMEN ARE THERE. Since tho club craze took hold of women throughout the State, It is a common sight to see fashionably dressed women diligently searching through a huge pile of historical books in quest of information which will aid her in preparing a paper. These women come from all over the State and the information which they are seeking covers a great range of subjects. As a rule these women seek information pertaining to some literary subject, but many of these are extremely odd, , and to find the exact information Is sometimes a difficult matter. Many of the women do not know exactly what they do want, and leave It entirely to the employes of the library, who always show great willingness to give what aid they can. The State Library also does a. prreat amount of work by correspondence. There are many club women, high school students and school men who do not have access to libraries of any size nor indexes to assist thorn in' their hunt for material on the various subjects which come up In their work. They simply write to the State Library, explaining exactly what they want, and the information Is found and sent to them. This system Is of great benefit and gives these people a source for g-ainlng information which otherwise they would be unable to obtain. The ancestor hunter is another Interesting person who goes to this library for aid In finding out from what kind of people he sprang. The State Library is rich in genealogical material, anel It is often the only means people who are looking for this kind of material have of finding it. The library contains any number of books of a historical nature, and it is In these that genealogical seekers look for their Information. The average person would be surprised if he really knew how many people were interested enough in this sort of thing to 71 Home Costing About scrolls, and roof are of shingles- also. Th" second story contains front chamber 13 by 6 by i feet, with fireplace. The chamber back, 12 by 12 by 6, has octagon bay. One back. 12 by 16; servant's room, y by ü Ly 11 fcxt inches

V mjifn

ev VS v- .; av -A Ä . . V. E.. Henry. State Librarian work diligentlv for days and even' weeks hunting out their ancestors, their birth and origin. AMUSE EMPLOYES. One can find all kinds of genealogical hunters,' and they are always more or less amusing to the employes of the library. They include the experienced person who has done such work before and thinks he knows exactly how to go about It. Most of them have a system by which they work. This system they have formed themselves, and they, of course, are under the impression that it is of the greatest aid to them in finding the desired information, while in reality the systems are of no material good and often cause them more' trouble than they are worth. The experienced person always knows the name of the one he i3 looking for, what State he lived in and can trace his whole career down to the present time, when he announces that his name is Smith or some other name equally as common. There is an amusing incident connected with the name of Smith, and whenever any one appears at the counter of the library to look up the genealogy of the Smith family, the employes always know that he is endeavoring to trace his ancestry to Captain John Smith, of Pocahontas fame. The employes think nearly every person in the State named Smith has. been to tne library to look up his ancestors at some time. . Many of the "ancestor hunters." as they are called at the library, do not care much who their families were so long as they can find their coat of arms. This greatly exercises them, the men especially, and they will look at every book In the place to tind some coat of arms which they say belonged to their forefathers. The women, for the most part, are continually looking for an artistic coat of arms, and very often they will adopt one which appeals to their sense of beauty instead of claiming the oue that really belonged to their own ancestors. In the State Library there are many publications dating far back. -These volumes are very important for their historical value, and they are also very interesting to read, for they contain much valuable information which otherwise could not be gathered under any circumstances. The most important and oldest of these are the files of the Western Sun, a newspaper that was published at Vincennes from July, 1S07, to the same month, 1842. This is easily the most important and valuable document in existence so far as local history is concerned. This document ha! only recently been purchased and added to the library collection. Since the purchase of these papers there have been many requests from Eastern libraries that desired to borrow the volumes covering certain periods of history. Since, If lost, the papers could never be replaced for any sum of money, Librarian Henry has refused to let them go outside the institution. He nurses these ancient books as though they were something human, for it was wholly through his efforts that they were procured, and there was no end of work to get them. Heretofore this institution has been so hampered by a lack of funds. Before the Legislature provided necessary funds, many valuable books on Indiana history were bought up by the richer institutions. CATALOGUING OF BOOKS. YVhilev tho cataloguing of the State Library books was a huge task, yet it has been accomplished, and very thoroughly. A general catalogue was issued in 1S08 and in 1900, which was a supplement to the Ii m I-' T $4,500 to Build There are closets In all these rooms. The bath is 6 by 8 feet 6 inches. Attic stairs. Hardwood is estimated In first floor and principal rooms, hall and staircase. No mantels, grates or heating is estimated, but plumbing Is.

7

State Librarian Henry TaKes Great Pride in the Priceless Historical Volumes He Has Collected. ..Plans for Detterm e n t Always Under Consideration

United States public document catalogue. There is at the present time in the hrtnds of the state printer a dictionary catalogue, which will contain the name of the author and the subject and the title of each book. It will comprise, also, the greater portion of the books pvrchaed from lv to VMS. It is the intention of the librarian t issue frequent supplements to this catalogue, and in this manner ver.tually all of the books in the Horary will be covered. The last legislature enacted a law which permits the residents of the State to borrow books from the State Library, and this, in the last year, has Increased the. number of patrons of the institution. Pinc the law-has been in effect it has been found necessary that residents in the State who live remote from Indianapolis should have some means of acquainting themselves with the contents of the library. It has been arranged to issue a card catalogue at some future time which will greatly aid those living out iu the State in selecting their books. It is the effort in all of the cataloguing done by the state librarian to bring out the entire contents of each book. Inquiries are seldom made for a book by tho title, but usually for the information that is desired. There are many books written about Indiana, an el as many literary men have sprung from this State, of course, their books take up no small part of the library. Altogether bocks and pamphlets in this department number something over 2.3o0, and the collection Is net yet nearly complete. Some of the Indiana publications are very old and extremely quaint. To procure these books and publications has required no small amount of work, and it has been going on for many years. In fact the collecting of books by Indiana authors and the publications which pertain to Indiana has covered a period of over twenty j'ears, and. no doubt, it will take that much longer to make this section anywhere near complete. Librarian Henry the other day. in talking of the needs of the library, said: "The thing that we need the most at tha present time is a department of archives in which historical papers from all the offices and departments of the State could be classified, filed and Indexed as one collection. This work should be done In such a thorough manner that any person could place his hard on any one of the numerous and valuable papers in a moment's time. This is the only plant by which the papers we have can be permanently preserved or ever made useful to those interested la the State's history. SYSTEMATIC WORK. "A division of department of the State's history, and the work of organizing and indexing these papers should be done by some person trained for that kind of work. It can never be done by nu appropriation made to the various offices, and the work cannot be performed by a hard worker who happens to be out of a position between campaigns. This method has been amply tested and only failure has resulted." "If this was undertaken at the present time, could all of the papers containing this valuable historical information be still preserved?" was asked Mr. Henry. "No; it would be impossible to preserve many of them, but while now It Is too lato to save all of thest valuable papers, it is not too late to save and make useful accessible documents. The next Legislature could io nothing which would be of greater service to the State and which would be more in harmony with what the legislatures of the most advanced States are dolug, than to appropriate momv for this purpose. The cost of the work. I think, by a rough estimate, which could be done in two years., would be about t!00 a year." The collection of maps is another interesting feature of the library. This collection should have an exhibit room with sufllclnnt wali space to hang them, but as no such place is available, a scheme has been devised to meet the rituatien. The points that had to be observed were economy of space, cleanliness, expense and preservation, for maps, when folded, will soon break. Small maps which can be grouped by subjects are bound in book form. The more valuable single maps are arranged in sections of ordinary book size and mounted on muslin. The maps which wer made to fold are pasted on a side of a muslin-covered book-back, and In this' form are catalogued and p'aced on the shelves as ordinary books. This method has now been in vogue for some time and has proven entirely satisfactory to every one 'concerned. It is also said by the employes that it is much better than having the maps rolled up and stuck away In some obscure corner, as was done heretofore. BRUIN IN SPRING Stays Fat WHilo He Fasts t Cets Thin When He Starts to Eat New York Sun. "Any one would naturally suppose," fald a Pike county man. "that after lying holed up sound, asleep and without a mouthful to eat for four or five months, as they certainly have done this winter, bears would come out in the spring lean and pcraggly, but that is Just contrary to the facts In ths ease. "The bear when he seeks winter Quarters is perhaps the fattestthing on four legs. He doesn't swell up with fat, like a pig, but seems to go to fat all over. "When he starts in to fatten up for his winter retirement a bear can eat a bushel of chestnuts at a time with ease. As h gets fat his stomach gets smaller and smaller, until, when he is In proper condition for wintering over, it hasn't capacity enough to hold a double handful of food. "This fat sticks right by the bear all winter and keeps him warm. If you are after a bear for his grease, you kill your game either Just before he goes into his hole in the fall or right after he comes out in the spring. "In a week after a bear comes out he will be as lean as a razorback hog, although he had been eating everything eatable he could by his paws on since he woke up, and that's a good deal. A bear. after thus losing his flesh in the spring, will keep lean until he begins to fatten up again for the winter, and then he rolls up the fat as before. "It seems odd thAt a bear should keep fat for months without having eaten a morsel of anything, and lose his fleshor grease, rather as soon as he begins to take in food, but that's the way the bear is made, and 1 elon't see how we are going to help it. "And,, by the way, the bears are out in like county. Three are rejorted as having been killed already in the region south of the High Knob, and that without taking into accouat the two rat-like cubs that were with one of the tara killed, and starved to death for want of her." !' r Almaed Mnn. As society is made, it is almost impossible for a man to go the right way about his relations with woman. The sj-stem prescribes a certain attitude. It is the attitude of crawl, salaam, obsequiousness and second fiddle. If you depart from it by a hair's breadth your women become suspicious of you. If you advise other men to depart from it you get a bad name. Women stand up for women's rights. anl are made the subject of applause, touquets and illuminated addresses. The man who dares come out strong for men's rights doe not breathe. Men do not want him. They are like canaries In cages, afraid to go nut lest the cat get them. Peace at any price is man's rule of life. Abroad he will swaRser and bluster and bully. "Nemo me impune l.tcesslt!" h rars. At home his watchword is "Blessed are the meek." Abroad he frowns and breathes fire; at home he is plain, un varnished "him." Abroad he struts, -at h me he slinks. Abroad he I very wise, at home he is a little child. Genlkwomau,