Indianapolis Journal, Volume 54, Number 39, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 February 1904 — Page 2

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1 HE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1904. n News from Diplomatic Centers and Estimates of Military Strength of Japan and Russia FAINT NOPE AT PARIS THAT INTERMEDIATION ih man A WAR Citv Thrown Inco Wildest Excites ment by the Publication of Xews of Japan's Action. DUE TO RUSSIAN' DELAY JAPAN DID KOT RECEIVE RUSSIA'S REPLY, AND II WAV NEVER BE DELIVERED IN FAR AND NEAR EAST Statement that Was Made on High Rus-. - Japanese Trouble Is Not the Authority at Washington Last Night Only Great Question Wortying Europe. TALK WITH M. TAKAHIRA MEDIATION IMPROBABLE Japan's Action So Declared by Japanese Minister Russian View Attitude of the Powers.

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Charge of Bad Faith Denied by the Japanese Minister Views of Diplomats. WASHINGTON, Feb. 7. War beta-eon Russia and Japan is momentarily expected in administration and diplomatic circles. Count Cassini, the Russian ambassador.

PARIS. Feb. 7 The official announcement that Japan has broken off diplomatic relations with Russia has caused a profound sensation here, as It was generally accepted as being only a short step to actual war. The first Information of this move reached Foreign Minister Deleasse early in the day. While he was at the Foreign Office tho French minister at Tokio telegraphed that he had taken charge of Russia's interests there on the departure of Baron de Rosen, the Russian minister to Japan. Later in the day M. Mntono. the Japanese minister to Frsnce, delivered to M. Deleasse the official notification of the Japanese government of the severance of diplomatic relations with Russia. The French foreign minister communicated these announcements to President Loubet at the Klysee palace and throughout the day the ministers Individually discussed the situation. Public interest has been aroused to the highest pitch and all through the afternoon the boulevards were flooded with extras announcing Japan's action. To-night the imminence of war is the universal theme in all public places, and crowds at the hotels, theaters and cafes are eagerly discussing the war news. The embassies and legations have been unusually active to-day, many of them remaining open to communicate with their fovcrnmentH. United States Amuassador Porter, when seen to-night expressed the deepest regret at the unfavorable turn of vents. About the only tangible indication that a Chance still remains of avoiding war is the report that France and Great Britain will at the last moment exercise a strong restraining influence. Unfortunately this report cannot be verified, as the officials seem to believe that Japan's decisive action has carried events beyond the point of effective intervention. MOTONO S STATEMENT. Minister Mwtono's tat nv nt, made public this aft moon, declares that Japan s action Id severing relations with Russia was due to Russia's delay in making response to Japan's representations. The Foreign Office has been informed of the departure of Baron De Rosen, the Russian minister, from Tokio, and it has been advised of an announcement that the Russian government considered it possible that action looking toward meditation might oe taken. No exchanges with Great Britain, however, have yet taken place. Something In this direction may be done to-morrow. The Japanese government communicated a statement to M. Motono announcing the severum j of diplomatic relations with Russia and giving details of the reasons therefor. M. Mot iiio took this statement to the Foreign Office, where he personally communicated It to Foreign Minister Delcusse. Subsequently, the Japanese minister gave the Associated Press the following statement, dated Tokio. Feb. 6: The last Japanese note, In response to the Russian note of Jan. 6. had been remitted to the Russian minister at Tokio on the 13th of January. The Japanese government had laatsted that a prompt response be made to it. owing to the gravity of the situation. Not receiving the answer requested M. Kurino, tho Japanese minister at St. Petersburg, has made to Count Lamsdnrff on several occasions recently representations m order to secure an answer from Russia. Not having obtained this answer he asked him to Indicato the earliest date for the reply. Count Thomsdorf!, while promFAIR WEATHER TO W AY, WITH A COLD WAVE

WASHINGTON, Feb. 7. Forecast for Monday and Tuesday: Indiana Fad r on Monday with a colder wave; Tuesday fatr and cold. Illinois Fair on Monday; cold wave; Tuesday fair, notfo coW near Lakej Michlamn: fresh to hisft north winds. KxacJcy Fair on Monday, with a cold f wave. Tuesday fair and - old. Ran Fair Monday and Tuesday. Minnesota PkSr and continued coJdjAtonday. Tuesday fair, not so cold tn north portlon, fresh north to northeast winds.. South Dakota Fair, continued cold on Mouday. Tuasday fair North Dakota Fair, continued coM on Monday. Tue lay fair, not so ookS, Ohio Fair on Monday, xoept snow in the northeast portion; cold wave. Tuesday rair; diminishing: northwest to north winds. Dower Michigan Fair on Monday; colder In the southeast portion. Tuesday fair, continued cold; fresh to brisk north winds. Tennessee Fair; decidedly colder Monday? coM wave. Tuesday fair. vW.ons!n Fair, continued cold Monday and Tuesday; fresh north winds. Iowa Fair on Monday; colder In central and east portions. Tuesday fair and cold. Nebraska Fair, continued cold, Monday and Tu LocaI Observations on Asnday, Bar. Ther. R.Ti. W!n1. Weather. Pre 7am.. .29 50 50 87 S.W. Clear. 1.10 p. in.... 30. 10 22 6 8. Snow. T. Maximum and minimum temperatures not reported. Comparative statement of mean temperature sad total precipitation on Feb. 7: Temp. Pre. Mean 40 n Departure for the day 7 Departure- for montn 37 0.i7 Departure since Jan. 1 226 1 16 Plus. W. T. BLYTIIK. Secticii Director. Yeatrrda s Te m pe- m t u res. Stations 7 Abilene. Tex Amarlllo. Tex Atlanta. Ga Hlunun'k, N D Dural-. N. Y (Talro 111 a. rn. 42 24 54

Max. 7 p. m. M 50 M 42 "2 54 16 M 26 "" 36 -10 -12 7 62 34 26 1 32 12 ?! so H 26 I 2s H 14 44 3 40 30 1 8 -2 11 a 74 40 xt 48 2 itf -10 -14 4 4 24 22 34 26 30 52 6 33 2 -10 50 24 88 7 62 ' 44 78 72 50 76 36 24 18 40 32 12 62 58 C4 3-i 42 62 38 48 42 24 3 - .; ... u 4 -2 2 0 70 88 : B !i 30 26 I 4 et m

. M . 46 . 3 .-14 . S . IS . 13 . 3 . 2S . L's . 14 . IS . 30 8 .-12 . 34 . 60 . 1 I .-10 .14 . 4 . . 12 6 . 52 . 32 .10 . GO Calcary. N. W T... Chattanooga, Tmn. Cherenne. Wyo Chicago. Ill Ctawasnati. o CUreland. O Columbus. O Davenport. Ia Denrer. Col. t6 Clt. Kan ... Dubuqur. Ia Dulutb. Minn El Paao. ix Galveston. T x Oran1 Juncti n. ' 1 Grand Rapids, 111 h Havre, Moot Hui n. 8 n Iltlena. Mont Jacksonville. Kla. .. Kansas City. Mo.... Lander. Wyo L.HU Rock. Ark ... Louisville. Ky Marquvtte. Mich. .. M Jiiprm, Tenn t tan I 44 s 42 I 2 24 2 06 36 40 an 14 -;w -13 21 -2 14 U 2i Munt. rier Nashville. T Ala. . renn New rlu. I.A. Nsw York Ity Norfolr. Va North Platte Neb Omaha. Ne? Paitm. t. x PxrkT barK. W. Va Philadelphia. Pa. ... Pittsburg;. Pa Pueblo, Col Qu' Appelle, N. U KaM-1 CHy, 8 D Bl. LUI, MO St. Paul. Minn Malt Uk City tan Antorlo Tex . . Santa . V M 60 Fprinfll4. 111. B 4 46 1 HprlnxTeld. Mo. ... Valentine. N-b. ... Washington. D. C. "-.hit. Kan

Tho Map In the Above Illustration Phows the

Ising to make a response as early as posclble, has not been 'able to indicate vvht-n the response eould he transmitted to the Japanese government. "The Japan- government having vainiy wilted, on Its part, the Russian answir for more than three weeks, and having been moreover informed that Russia was making active preparations for war and was concentrating her troops and her navnl forces towards Korea, U is under the necessity of breaking its negotiations with Russia and resuming its liberty of action. The Japa:is.- action baa created a distinct surprise and shock throughout official and diplomatic circles here. Only last night the representative of the Associated Pn M talked with an ambassador of one of the great powers who had Just received offieial information showing that the Herman government expected the prolongation of the negotiations. "You can say positively and confidently," the ambassador said, "that Russia's response is c rtsill to necessitate a reply from Japan, and that the diplomatic negotiations must therefore continue.' PROFOUND AGITATION. Officials of the Foreign Office shared this belief, that further negotiations were certain, so that, to-day's announcement that Japan had actually terminated her diplomatic relations with Russia caused the most profound agitation. Foreign Minister Deleasse varied his usual custom by spending most of the day at the Foreign Office, where ho received direct dispatches announcing the withdrawal of Baron De Rosen from Tokio and that Russian interests had been confined to the cue of the French minister at the Japan. capital. At noon M. Deleasse rec i.d If. rt.no. who bore the lengthy official announcement from the Tokio government that a decisive st. ps had been taken in brssking off relations. M. Motono explained that this was not the result of Russia's last answer; in fact, it had not been received by Japan when this determination had beei reached, but on the contrary, the breaking Off of relations was due s-.dy to Russia's procrastination and her concentration of rnltitary and naval for.-.s toward Korea. No further effort was made to disguise the serlousuess of the situation, and M Mol -no himself made public the declaration t his government that relations had been severed. There is reason to believe that the Fr. rich authorities will give consideration to the idea of mediation, but it Is said that such action would be difficult in view of the recent declaration of Japan th would not accept Intervention of any kind, as the Question was one to be regulated between herself and Russia. Nevertheless, it is expected that Pranst) approac h ;r, at Britain with the view of that power making representations to Japan, whlM she, at the same time, will make representations to Russia In order to prevent an outbreak of hostilities. It is admitted, however, that a long step has already boen taken toward war by Japan's having broken off relations. In the opinion of officials tmd diplomatists here there still is a slight chance of averting hostilities, and this chance will be seued. The Japanese legation here has been the center of much excitement slnor this morning, and throughout the day it was st -sieged by members of tho diplomatic corps, eager to obtain copies of Japan s official statement In order to notify their reapecti, governments. When the representative i f the Associated Press called at the legation to-night a member of the British embassy was just leaving. M. Motono and the legation officials talked freely. They did not appear to be depressed, but rather confident and even happy that a decision had been finally taken. It was Intimated that arrangements had already been made for M. Kurino's departure from St. Petersburg. It was thought at first that he might come to Paris, but it is the present Intention that he go to Berlin and there await the fiual determination as to whether he is to remain in Europe or return to Japan. OF THE GRAVEST NATURE. M. Motono gave the Associated Press Japan's official statement as the best explanation of the situation, but in addition he made the following declaration: "The governments statement clearly shows that relations are at an end. Whether or not this means war, I am unable to say, but It is obvious that the step already taken is of the gravest nature and one which may be followed by war. When that result may come no one can say at this time, but the reasons for the action of my government should be distinctly understood. "It is not true that Baron Komura, the Japanese foreign minister, received yestet.lay any note from Baron De Rosen, and therefore the action of Japan in breaking off relations was not a result of the Russian reply. No response has been remit t d by Russia to my government. The dispatches stating Russian sent her reply are deceptive, as we have not received it. and it is because we have not received this reply that we are determined to act with vigor. "This is the situation. Russia alone Is responsible. She received our last note on Jan. 15. Twenty-five days passed. Sev i , ; times M. Kurino requested a reply and a reply was promise. j pLlt k never fame. At the beginning of last week M. Kurino declared positively th.it he must have a reply, but still there war. nothing. At the same time Russia continued to make military preparations and to concentrate troops in the vicinity of the Yarn river. Can rou not conceive the inquietude und the irritation at Tokio? After thr. . a . ks of patience we thought thnt was sufficient, and our dignity would not permit us to watt indefinitely." A Russian diplomatic authority here says that while the Russian reply left St. Petersburg on Thursday, it did not reach Tokio yesterday. The Japanese wished for a rupture, and the order given M. Kurino to break off diplomatic relations coincided with the departure of the "Russian note, a departure which had been predicted and announc ed. RUSSIAN VERSION. "1 not that significant?" the authority in question asked. "Yesterday at 6 o'clock M. Kurino made known to Count Lumsdorff the Instructions he had received, but it is evident that these instructions reached him on the 5th. At the same time that M. Kurino notified Count Damsdorff Baron Komura announced the news to Baron de Roms and requested him to depart. It Is not be a ;- the Russian note did not arrive yes tc: day that relations hat: bttu blokwu

Territory in the Far Kan Which May Be a War

off. If, ia leality. the relations were terminated because Japan did not receive our note, then the only deduction which can be made on this point is that the Japanese, knowing iu what spirit of conciliation our rsspossc was prepared, preferred to avoid the terrain of negotiation. When Japan had waited three weeks she couid well have waited twenty-four hours longer, only this was unwise for Japau. On the contrary, she wanted a rupture at any price." The Associated Press was the first to give the : as of Japan's act to the Korean minIstei here, It was evident that the minister had little doubt that war would follow. "I expert.'' he said, "that my government will advise me of the policy it proposes to pursue. You know, and the world knows, that it intends to observe a policy of strict neutrality, and it will do everything in Its power to enforce such neutrality. We had hoped that war would be avoided, for we have appreciated what hostilities wouid mean to our country. I have received no official information confirmatory to the appearance of Russian troops in northern Korea, and so far as I know my Mvernment has done nothing.-' The attitude of France in the presence of this grave Russo-Japanese emergency is a subject of deepest concern among officials. Naturally, no declaration officially laying down the government's policy is forthcoming, although it ' expected that M. Deleasse will, during tw week, make a statement In the Chamber of Deputies clearly outlining the French position and explaining the action taken by the French government to avert war. In the meantime the general line of French policy, as gathered from the most authoritative sources, is as follows: France undoubtedly will maintain strict neutrality and she will endeavor in every way to keep free from all possible entanglements which might draw her into hostilities. This is primarily due to the belief of French officials that Francs has no deep interest involved in the region in dispute and her direct interests in Tonquin are too far from the scene of action to make a war a matter of special concern to France. The only cause for French participation would be her obligations and sentiment.il consideration under the Franco-Russian alliance. Officials have carefully considered just how far France is likely to become involved under the terms of this alliance, which they say contains two distinct safeguards limiting French participation. The first of these Is that Rustia must le attacked, and the second that this attack must be by two powers. The requirement that Russia's temporizing was because she has not wished to sacrifice the chances of French support. Concerning the condition in the alliance providing that two powers must attack Russia before France becomes involved, M. Deleasse has distinctly stated to members of the diplomatic corps that Korea and China would not be considered such powers if either joined Japan against Russia. The only remaining powers likely to assist Japan against Russia are Qreat Britain and the United States. Regarding Oreat Britain, the official belief here is that she does not desire to be embroiled, owing to her recent experiences in Sout Africa and possible Russian complication in India. Moreover, as it w a : ; i nt i out by a leading diplomatist to-night, if Great Britain became embroiled she would be compelled to hold the largest portion of the British fleet at home in order to prevent her ports from being blockaded and her food supplies stopped by France, whose participation would naturally follow the extension of Great Britain's aid to Japan. Furthermore, the recent Franco-British arbitration treaty has been productive of a strong sentiment of amity between the two nations, and this Is thought to counteract much of the former sentiment favorable to Russia. AMERICAN INFLUENCE. That the United States might possibly be the second power to attack Russia, thus necessitating French action, is regarded as an extremely remote possibility and practically impossible, and furthermore, the cordiality between France and the United States is considered a most powerful offset to any French sentiment toward Russia. Finally one of the best posted authorities said to-night that notwithstanding any alliance, the French Parliament would never authorize war in connection with the present dispute. This authority pointed out that after the coup d'etat of Napoleon ill by precipitating the Franco-German war without consulting the legislative branch. Frsnce adopted the salutary principle of the AmerKan Constitution which mak. s Parliament the sole body capable of declaring war. At the present time the French Parliament is strongly made up of Socialists and one of their cardinal principles is disarmament, arbitration and the avoidance ol warfare. This element holds the balance of power in the French Parliament and its stands, therefore, as a distinct assurance against a parliamentary declaration oi war. Outside of the action of France great interest centers in the course of the other powers towards the belligerents. The Associated Press has i . en informed by ihhighest German authority in France" that Germany will maintain an attitude of neutrality. Although her sympathies lean toward Russia she has no intention of aiding Rossia materially, for she believes that Russia will be victorious. As Germany's interests are not menaced, she will simply be a spectator; but if anything should be done which Germany mieht consider as affecting her then she would be prepared to act. It is said that Qi rmauy has no intention of selling Shan-Tung, and it is declared to be ridiculous to suppose that she proposes to occupy any point in Denmark. Austria, it is believed, will follow the course of Germauy. because of the triple alliance and from her neighborly interests with Russia, particularly in the Balkans. Italy is expected to maintain practically the SSJSM position as her associates in the triple alliance, although since agitation resulting In the Czar's canceling his trip to Home, there has been a notable lack of enthusiasm InItaly for Russia. The Balkans are constdtrcd the danger spot of Europe. As a result of the pre occupation ut Russia in the far East it Is known here that she has been careful not to draw on the troops in European Russia to any great extent for service in Manchuria because of the prospect that Turkey and Bulgaria will engage In war during the spring. Austria will hear the burden, in the greater degree, of preserving peace in Europe; in this, however, she will be earnestly supported by France and Great Britain, and it is hoped by Germany and Italy.

Crnter Within a Few Days. Tho Two Mounted

MILITARY STRENGTH OF THE EMPIRES OF MIKADO AND CZAR

Land Forces of Russia Greatly Plan of Organization Japan. Japan, exclusive of Formosa, has an area of 147,655 square miles. In 1898 the population was 4S.55s.207. The natural increase by this time has brought the figures up to approximately 50,000,000. On the usual basis of computation of those capable of bearing arms, proportioned to population, there are at least 4,500,000 persons eligible to the military service, though under the present laws the number liable Is much less. The whole male population between the ages of twenty-one and forty, inclusive, is liable to military service, and the total number available under the census of 1898 is ÖJU.üOO, distributed in three classes: The active army and reserve, the army of depot and reserve, divided into classes; the territorial army and reserve. Military service lasts three years in the active army, four years aud four months iu the reserve, seven years and four months in the- army of depot, one year and four months in the reserve, five years iu the territorial army aud eight years in the reserve. There are twelve military districts, in each of which is a division of the active army, besides the Imperial guard, which is usually stationed at Tokio. The actual military strength, including the police, Is 7.650 officers, 162,000 noncommissioned officers and privates and 3"J,0o0 horsemen; which on a war footing is increased to fc.065 officers, 221.074 noncoms and privates and 44,000 horsemen; a total of 2X3,129. In the reserve are 950 officers, 23,389 noncoms and privates and 5.000 horsemen; a total of 39.33s. The territorial army consists of 3,19 officers, 125.564 noncoms and privates and 21.0UU horsemen; a total of 149.762. making a grand total of 47l'.J30. This does not Include the reserves of tho second two grand divisions of the military establishment. There are nineteen regiments of artillery, each divided into three sections of two batteries, euch battery with six guns; a total of 684 field guns, besides the heavy sea-coast artillery. The field guns used were Invented by General Arisaka, who was decorated by the Emperor for this service. They are quickfirers, of seventy-five millimeters caliber. In each of the thirteen divisions are two brigades of infantry, each of two regiments of three battalions of four companies, one regiment of cavalry of three squadrons, one regiment of artillery and three companies of engineers. Besides the thirteen divisions are two brigades of cavalry, two brigades of field artillery and fifteen battalions of fortress artillery of three sections of two batteries each. The active army is equipped with the Arisaka rifle, adopted in 1897. It has a calibre of 6 millimeters and fires a projectile weighing 22 grams, with an initial velocity of 725 miles. The Murata rifle, used in the Chino-Japanese war in 1896. is used by the reserve and the territorial army. There are training schools in every branch of the service, and all the cannon, small arms and ammunition are made In the government arsenals at Tokio and Osaka. The Red Cross Society has a membership of 728.607, a total income of 4.G57.575 yen ($2.328,797.60) and two fully equipped hospital ships. RUIN EITHER WAY. The peculiar situation of Japan is set forth in a letter from R. L. Fulton, an American traveler, to the San Francisco Argonaut, in which he describes fully the condition of the people and their mode of living. The letter follows: "Japan will be ruined if she fights, and ruined if she doesn't fight," is the remark often heard in the Orient. I had to travel from one end of Japan to the other before I realized the force of the doleful prophecy. The keynote of her present trouble lies in the fact that she cannot hope to maintain her position as a "power" without expansion, and Korea is the natural channel. If Russia blocks her there her condition will be unbearable. Americans living in roomy comfort cannot realize what land famine really is. Japan to-day is subsisting 50,n0u,ouu people on her islands, the total area of which is about 102,000.000 acres. This is over lu.uou.ouü acres less than the last surveys show in the State of California. But this is not all. Not more than one acre out of eight can be cultivated. Her tillable land lies in narrow fringes along the shores and the Interior hi filled up with steep, volcanic mountains, incapable of reclamation, except in very small patches, with long distances between. Even this does not tell the story. j.i; an does not possess great material riches, either in soil or mine. Her limited area of level land has never been fertilized by glacial action, such as that which ground into dust the surface of the middle States and New England, and made their soil so productive. There are no forage plants on the big hillsides, as there are on the Rocky mountains and in Nevada, and there is almost no wild life. The farms are no larger than a good-sized lot in San Francisco and the cultivation is intense. The waters are farmed as well as the land, and but for the fish the people could not get along at ail. As it is, their hours are long. They deny themselves everything but the Pa rest necessaries of life and when a crop fails, thousands of them live on grass. WHEN THE PEOPLE AWAKE. It will be impossible for 50.000,000 people, or anything like that number, to live on those islands when they awaken to their true condition, and demand food, clothing and the comforts of life common to the IKorest people in America and Europe. The great mass of them live in the most abject poverty There is no prosperous middle class, no community of thrifty land owners, as with us. When the feudal system was broken up. about forty years ago, the lands went to the crown. They are farmed out to-day in tiny lots, and .the crops are

Soldiers Are Co.sacljs in the Russian Army

Outnumber Those of Japan of the Two Armies divided with a liberal hand in favor of the tax gatherer. There is an astrnishing scarcity of general wealth. The large investments in live stock which enrich the American farmer are unknown. They do not know what a cow was made for, and hSVC no ism for the gentle bos. They know nothing of milk, butter or beef. The Shinto religion forbids meat eating, and Buddhism Opposes taking life in any form. The absence of work animals reduces the farm to the bare land with a shanty for shelter, and perhaps a go-down to store the crop in. No fences, stables, wagons or machinery are required. Sheep cannot live in Japan, as the coarse ribbon grass lacerates their tender entrails, and they soon die. Even in the cities there is no furniture in the dwellings, no stoves, or ranges for heating or cooking, no chimneys or fireplaces built in the walls, no bedroom sets, no carpets, only straw mats upon the floor, and they take the place, not only of carpets and tables, but of beds. In shops and factories all classes work from dawn till dark for one-tenth of the wages paid in America. Many thorough artists in metals, In porcelain, or in fabrics, earn from 30 to 50 cents a day. Ricksha men or engine drivers get about 50 cents a day, while the men who drag the drays, stevedores and laborers get a third as much. The scale of living is in proportion; in fact, no traveler has dared to describe the destitution which is well-nigh universal. Formerly the laborer went naked to his work, but laws have been psssed compelling a certain amount of clothing to be worn. Fruit and eggs can be had by those who wish to nay for them, but the proportion that eats them is smaller than the one that eats terrapin in the Cnited States. The Japanese do not eat their own rice; it is too costly. They sell it and buy a third-class rice from the continentyellow, fishy and cheap. But discontent has set In, and great changes are apparent. A general and growing demand for better living is universal. When the western nations broke through the crust and compelled the Orientals to open their territory to outside traffic. China sulked and India wept, but Japan responded readily, and entered into the game of world politics heartily. The result has been felt all along the line, particularly In wages, which have advanced and are still advancing. R UMKill. The land area of the Russian empire is .477,234 square miles, and there are 293.01S square miles of internal waters. The total population in 1897 was 129,004,414, of whom 4,0000.000 are Jew-s. Owing to the unusual preponderance of men over women In the population, as compared with the rest of Europe, it is likely that more, rather than less, than a ninth of the population may be considered as capable of bearing arms, making the number approximately 14.500,000. All males reaching the age of twenty-one. not physically incapacitated, are liable to service in the national defense. They present themselves for service, and may elect to enter the army or the navy. If they have to be conscripted, they may not so elect, but are sent where the demand for men Is greatest, generally to the most 'und sirable assignments in the army. Of the 87U.O00 reaching the age of twenty-one in 1901, 308.600 were taken into the army and navy and the rest drafted Into the militia. The period of service is nominally five years and actually four; after this service the soldier belongs to the reserve for thirteen years, nnd then, for five, to the militia. In the Caucasus the conscripts remain with the colors but three years, but in Asiu the period is seven years. There are nine military and conscription districts in European Russia, including Finland and the Caucasus, garrisoned by twenty-five army corps, and the district of the Don Cossacks. There are three military and conscription districts n Asia Turkestan. Siberia and the Amur. The effective of the Russian army is 1,068 battalions of Infantry, 636 squadrons of cavalry, 521 field batteries, 224 companies of heavy artillery and 164 companies of engineers in Europe, and 109 battalions, ninetythree squadrons. thirty-eight batteries, twenty-two companies of heavy artillery and thirty-one companies of engineers In Asia; a total of 1,177 battalions. 72D squadrons, 559 field batteries, 246 companies of heavy artillery and 195 companies of engineers. The corps of customs house officers on the frontiers is mustered In thirtyone brigades, and includes about 1.000 ofHet rs and 40.000 men. The numerical strength it estimated at about 40,000 officers and MMÜ m'n "n a Peace footing, exclusive of th" customs force and the marine troop In case ol mobilization the held army is estimated at approximately p.t.sw officers and l.Ouo.onO men in the infantry, 3.H00 officers aud 120,00m men in the cavalry, 3,500 officers ami 119,0(0 men in the artillery, 1.100 officers and 46.000 men in the engineers aud 400 officers and 26.000 meu in the train: a total ! .. ..fli is and i..;u.'j men. with ... m horses and 3.856 guns. The reserve troops are estimated at 15.470 officers and 832,300 men of all arms, with 163.000 horses and 1.376 guns. The fortress troops are estimated at 4.5O0 officers and 252.0U0 men of all arms, with :?,700 horses and 128 guns. The troops of replacement are estimated at 6.640 officers and 373,700 men men of all arms, with 5o.5(l0 horses and 46S guns; the troops of national defen.se at 10,500 officers and 740.000 men; the frontier guards at 1.000 officers and 40.0UÖ men. with 15.000 horses, making the total war footing of the Russian army 66.410 officers and 3.549,000 men, with 562.200 horses ard 5.818 guns. In March of li02 the Russian army was scandalized to learn that Lieut. Col. Grimm, of the general staff at Warsaw, whose duty it was to furnish false information concerning the army to foreign governments, had be-n bribed, for several years past, to furnish to German and Austrian staff officers the true plans of frontier fortresses and plans of mobilization. He was sentenced to penal servitude in Saghaten, and all plans u.i. changed, including the remodeling of mam fortresses at a cost of mam m'Uiou rubles.

to-day promptly on the receipt of a long i

cablegram from Count I,:;ndorff, the Russian minister of foreign affairs, drove fee the residence of Mr. I.oomis. acting tSCfAStary of state, shortly before noon to-day and Informed him of the dispatch received from the head of the Russian Foreign Office. In substance Count Lamsdorff's dispatch was to this effect: Before Baron De Rosen could transmit the pacific reply of his government to Japan's last note to the Japanese Foreign Office, the Russian governm nt received from the Japanese minister for foreign affairs on Friday last, a brief note announcing the breaking off of the far Eastern negotiations, the interruption of diplomatic relations and the recall Ol M. Kurino, the Japanese minister at St. Petersburg with the request that he be furnished with passports forthwith. In communicating these facts to the actlag secretary of state Count Cassini added that his government deplored this untoward turn to negotiations which his Majesty, the Emperor had sincerely hoped might conclude with a peaceful settle'ment. The .unbassador called attention to the fact that in her note Russia had made generous conn ssions to Japan in Korea and had furnished the basis for a continuance of the negotiations to the advantage of Japan. It whs added that the Russian government regarded the action of Japan as precipitate and remarkable. Of the final result the ambassador could express his opinion that the worst seemed probable. It was stated that Mr. Kurino had received his passports and would leave the Russian capital to-morrow. Baron De Rocn may have already left Tokio. Later in the day cables from Mr. Mccormick, the American ambassador at St. Petersburg, and Mr. Griscom, the American minister at Tokio, were received by the State Department confirming the news of the severance of diplomatic relations. These cablegrams and the communication of the Russian ambassador were promptly transmitted to the President. REPLY NOT DELIVERED. On high authority the statement is made that the Japanese government has not yet received the Russian reply. Doubt is expressed here whether it ever will be deliverd. Mr. Takahira, the Japanese minister, stated to-day that he was uot inclined to attach great importance to the charge said to have been made that the Japanese government had been guilty of bad faith in instructing its minister to withdraw from St. Petersburg before Russia's replyto Japan's last note had been received. His government doubtless would soon issue a statement explaining its motives regarding this as well as the other more important points of the controversy. H iug without official information he could only express his personal opinion. He said that whin Japan's late note was sent on Jan. 13, the Russian government was especially requested to send an answer as quickly as possible, since, notwithstanding Japan's earnest efforts to reach an equitable settlement, there had been a delay of asesrsl months, thus creating a situation which was becoming unendurable. Sonu- time having passed without I reply, the Japanese minister at St. Petersburg was instructed to approach the Russian minister for foreign aftairs in order to diaoover whether some means could be found to hasten the reply. This he did several times, and on the last occasion, only a few days ago, Count Lamsdorff informed him that he could not give any deriuite information e m as to the probable time when the replj could be sent, as the matter rested exclusively with the Emperor. Meantime, while the reply was thus delayed, Russian military and naval preparations were pro--sing with renewed vigor. Considerable bodies of troops were being dispatched to the Korean frontier, and the Meet at Port Arthur ws sent out to an unknown destination, while other Russian naval forces were b. lag hastened to the scene of activity. The garrison commander at Vladivostok, acting on orders, informed the Japan commercial agent that the Japanese residents of that slaos must be prepared to leave at a moment's notice, or must be ready to move to a town In the Interior some distance from VladlvostOck and remain there within Oth tain prescribed limits RUSSIA NOT SINCERE Actions like this on Russia's part, while the reply to Japan's moderate and conciliatory representations was still unaccountably delayed, said Mr. Takahira, did not seem to indicate a sincere desire to maintain peace, but pointed to the conclusion that Japan by waiting until Russia favored her with a reply might place herself In a disadvantageous and even dangerous position. L'nder these circumstances the Japanese government probably decided that It was wise to terminate negotiations which, notwithstanding evry effort on its part, had proved entirely futile. An official of the Japanese legation called attention to the fact that he thought It significant that the notice terminating negotiations was sent to St. Petersburg by th- Japanese government on the fan instant, while Admiral Alexieff telegraphed the reply to the note of Jan. IS to the Russian minister at Tokio on the fith Inst. He said this step must have been taken after Admiral Alexlff was aware of the notice received by his government the day before from Japan terminating diplomatic relations. Baron Sternburg, the German ambassador, had a long conference with Count Cassini at the Russian embassy this afternoon. It is certain that so long as no other nations than Russia and Japan are involved. Germany will observe neutrality. The Russian ambassador and the Japanese minister here each expects to have a long conference with Secretary Hay to-morrow. The Russian and Japanese representatives here will observe outward courtesies when they meet, but will not exchange calls. A misunderstanding between Count Cassini and Mr. Takahira occurred at the diplomatic dinner at the White House on Jan. 14 last, when the former, thinking the latter had declined to speak to him, Insisted that as dean e? the diplomatic corps, relations must be courteous. The Japanese minister Insisted he had saluted the ambassador, and since then they and their subordinates continue to observe strict neutrality In the troubles between Japan and Russia. ONE RUSSIAN GUS BO AT IS TIED UP IN JAPAN LONDON, Feb. 8 The correspondent of the Times at Tokio cables that the Russian gunboat Mandjur, which is in dock at Nagasaki, will probably not be able to leave that port before hoatllites begin. Baron De Rose; will leave Tokio Feb. 12, the correspondent continues. Ther are indications that Russia is moving forces towards the Yalu river. The Japan residents have nearly all withdrawn from Manchuria and Wiju. Leading newspapers republish the Russian note of 1S95. which declares that the retention of the Llao-Tung peninsula by a foreign power would Imperial the Chinese capital, render the independence of Korea illusory and Jeopardize peace In the Orient. The n.'W.xpapers invit. a repetition of Trafalgar and Waterloo, since Japan fights nr Britain fought to crush military despotism and secure equal rights for all nations in eastern Asia. TO CI RK A COLD IN ONE DAT Take Laxative Bromo Quinine Tablets. AH druggists refund the money If It falls to cure E. W. Grove's signature is ou each box. 25c

Di snatches Received at London and Comment of the Morning Press. LONDON. Feb. 7. News of the KussoJapanese rupture reached London late this forenoon and only a few newspapers published extra edition giving the announcement. However, as this outcome had been accepted as almost inevitable for several days past, the actual announcement created no great excitement. The official of the Russian embassy said to the Associated Press that it was true that the breaking off of diplomatic relations was a most serious step, but there was always a possibility of avoiding eventualities until the first shot had been fired. The British Cabinet will meet to-morrow in response to a summons issued last Fri

day, and it will have a grave situation to discuss, because of the many Indications of the probability of trouble in the far East. There is also sn almost equally grave crisis in the near East. Premier Balfour will be unable to preside at the council. His illness is causing some disquiet. He has developed bronchial Irritation and a troublesome cough. The premier's strength however, is well maintained. According SB the latest statements, however, hp probably will not be able to resume his duties for a fortnight. King Edward to-day granted an audience to Lord Roherts and Charles Beresford, commander of the channel fleet, with whom he undoubtedly discussed the far Eastern crisis. Statements of the Japanese case similar to the one issued in Paris have been made also iu London. Berlin and other capitals. As a result of the rupture of diplomatic relations Japan neither seeks nor expects au immediate outbreak of hostilities. She trusts the Chino-Ameriean treaty will mainr tain the open door aud the status quo in Manchuria, and she has prepared herself to watch the attitude of Russia iu uorthern Korea She will uot. however, land troops iu Korea without a distinct violation of the Korean frontier, in which eveut she is prepared to act promptly, RUSSIAN STATEMENT. The 8t. Petersburg correspondent of Router's Telegram Company cables that a special edition of the Novoe Vremya announced the breaking off of diplomatic relations between Japan and Russia. In an editorial this paper throws the onus for the rupture on Japan, sa ing that for three months Russia has been examining the Japanese proposals in the most amicable spirit in the hope of finding a way to make all possible concessions without Injuring Russia's prestige, and she has remained unmoved by the slanders that she was delaying the negotiations with the object of completing war preparations. "As it turns out.'' the paper goes on, "the whole exchange on notes was a farce. Japan, and not Russia, only awaited the moment when the two cruisers bought in Italy reached Chinese waters. The Japanese then threw off their mask, not even waiting Russia's reply. They have shown themselves to be Asiatics and unable to observe even the slightest dee-ency. Histery knows no case of similar behavior. We ars couvine ed that public opinion tn Russia will give the Japanese a suitable reply. "The rupture of dlplematic relations i s not necessarily mean war. History shews cases of a diplomatic rupture having last, d for years without resulting In war, but su h instances are rare. The normal course of affairs means either war or the mediation of other powers. We thus stand to-day b- -tween three alternatives war. mediation or a long period ef friction, and the last is the least probable. The Interests of both lowers are far too opposite to admit of their being brought into accord during their occupation of de facto government. "Mediation is also Improbable and there remains but the- ultima regum (the final argument of kings) war of kings. Only .ne thing seems certain; after the step taken yesterday by Japan no honorable foreigners will think it possible to accuse us of an aggressive attitude. "Russia stands at the threshold of grat events. Every son of Rusaia, without distinction of convictions, will to-day conscientf usly and sincerely say: Japan has herself willed it; so let it be. God will be wltS UB." FIGHTING MAY BE DELAYED. Such expressions as "the possibility of avoiding hostilities" receives scant attention here, and nobody believes but that fighting will begin almost Immediately. Ths British press displays a very full appreciation of the delicate and difficult problems facing the government, owing to the alliance with Japan, and much questl n Is Indulged in as to whether the ministers have fully weighed their responsibilities. Some papers go so far as to question ths advisability of the War Office reform scheme being put into immediate execution, as it displaces many officers who must have prepared war plans for ths emergency of Great Britain becoming involved in the far Easte rn hostilities The editorial articles in the press this morning universally justify Japan la breaking off diplomatic relations with Russia, asserting that Russia had exhausted Japan's patience. The Daily Chronicle, however, while admitting this, says it thinks it a pity that I Japan did not await the actual receipt of the- reply, because, in the not impossible e-vent of a close war, and the powers hav- , ing a voice in the settlement, some of them ma be Inclined to guide their decision by the fact that Japan teok the initiative. For the rest the pro-Japan feeling Is very I strong In the press, which dwells uion the great need of the utmost efforts to localise I the ejuarrel. Th- Daily Telegraph ce.ncluded Its editorial article with these words: "Cpon Great Britain ami France together rests the responsiHlity of averting a universal disaster from mankind, and this a common task which every Incitement of friendship, reason and duty must move them to fulfill.'' Telegrams from Tokio published here this morning announce that an emergency er.uncil of ministers was held Sunday, and that Marquis Ito and Field Marshal Oyama had an audience of the Emperor ACTIVITY IN JAPAN The Tokio eorrespomlent of the Standard reports the utmost activity on the iart of the railroads, which are rapidly conveying troops to ports of embarkation. The peopls are calm and confident, the correspondent continues, and there is no excitement. Cabling from Tokio, the correspond, nt there of the Daily Telegraph gives a report that Russian troops have already crossed th- Korean frontier and that an offi. i il declaration of war Is expected Monday. He adds that Russian Interests In Japaa have been placed In the hands of the Austrian minister the Italian minister saving declined to undertake this mission. Baron De Rosen had a brief Interview with Baron Komura Sunday, the Daily Tele--graph correspondent continues, and Baron Komura afterward had an audience of ths Emperor. A corresponde-nt of the Daily Mail at Seoul says he learns that Japan has warned noncombatans to withdraw from Honching. and Japanese women and children north of Choiigju and Gensan to eosne nouth Thu Is supposed to Indicate Japan s Intention to strike through northern Korea in the dti tlon of Harbin and the Maachur m i road. It is polnteel out that there are at the present moment thirteen large Japanese I liners at foreign porta which will fun great risk if they attempt to return home.

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