Indianapolis Journal, Volume 53, Number 340, Indianapolis, Marion County, 6 December 1903 — Page 34

PART THREE. TO

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, SUNDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1903,

The Mexican City tSÄSÄÄSCT - 1 . tifvil Drawn Worh Comes. of Aguas valientes Education in tHe Republic T " 1

CorrNpoiwIn of th- Indianapolis Journal. AQL'Af CALIENTES. Mexico. Dec. 1. The schools are illsturbers of th? usual nietnes In all Mexican cities. While walktoft' alonif the streets of, this city, your attention til now and then be arrested by a medley f children's voices In a room adJoining the sidewalk. The public schools are in session inside. The peculiar buzzing, humming sound is caused ty ich individual child studying his lesson aloud. Step lirslde and the moment the score or more of budding Mexicanos' catch sight of you. their voices drop to an undertone. But if your nerves are not steady the endless stream of voices will oppress you and, thanking the teacher for his courteous attention, you will gladly step upon the sidewalk and move beyond the hearing of the ceaseless discordant sounds of a Mexican school. Th system of primary school instruction in Azte- land is antiquated. It bears the musty mint of the middle agts. Efforts t educate the masses at the expense of the state drt not date bark very many years. Spain Intrusted th education of th- Mexicans largely to the Catholic Church. The tendency of this instruction was always to prepare each generation to become faithful adherents to the church. raihr than to teach the children the fundamental principles of general education. But v-ith the separation of church and state the latter assumed the responsibility of preparing the people for citizenship under the republican form of government. The

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A Scene in Aguas Calientes.

barriers of opposition have been slowly battered down until now the opportunity of securing a public school education Is not only within reach of every child in populous communities, but attendance at school between the ages of six and twelve is also compulsory. The republic has to-day a force of 24.000 school teachers, one-fourth of whom are women. Kight million dollars are expended annual !y to carry forward the work of popular education. Written examinations aro held at regular Intervals. Instruction is free to all qualified students graduating from the high school desiring to pursue their studies in inv of the hiirher Institutions of learning under the control of the nation. In the past the efforts at primary education at public expense have been greatly hampered by the scarcity of available funds and the almost stoical Indifference and. in some Instance, even the open opposition of the people toward intellectual training. The material prosperity of late years is considerably swelling the income of the public treasury. ' The aim of Mexico's legislators and wise ruler is to educate the working class, believing that it will stir up truir ambition and make better workers and more trustworthy citizens of them. The work of the public school teachers within the past twenty years Is shown ny the diminishing percentage of illiteracy. Comparatively few of the younger people are unable to read and write and manipulate ttgures in elementary computations. The reading public Is demanding libraries and newspapers. There are now on- hundred libraries in the nation and 0V periodicals. 45 of which are dally newspapers, 243 weeklies and the remainder monthlies and Quarterlies. Fifteen papers are published in English. In fact, next to the Spanish language English is the most popular and favored as a branch of public instruction. It is dear that the strong and determined hand of the national government is back of this widespread educational movement. The church resisted the encroachment of the state in the domain of popular education. The reform movement of I860 did not sup- ' press the. parochial schools as it did the nunneries and monasteries. The church was allow d to retain the educational control of the children of Its adherents, but the church schools were brought under state inspection to the end that the standard of work would be kept on a par with the instruction of children in state schools. In many cases the two frvs are active, working In harmony and disseminating popular education with equal seal. Protestant mission schools, supported by missionary societies lu the United States, are conducted In a number of the larger cities These are encouraged by the state, but opposed by the church. There is lu this city the Morales College, a sphndid Institution of learning, supported by the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and tfflclently managed during the past six years by the Misses Turner aud Spencer, two estimable and highly educated ladies from Texas. Miss Turner tells mo that the several departments of instruction are growing lu favor with progressive Mexicans and that the children of some of the best famlDIAZ AND MEXICO. The Republic's Advance Im Industries and Wealth Peace the Rule. New York World. What will It seem like to a Mexican of to-day to have another than Porflrio Diax as h i President. It is said that the chief magistrate wiil shortly resign his office fo favor of Limantour. He has held it snore than a quarter of a century, save the brief Interrugnum of Gonzales in 180 mad that period has seen Mexico's greateat growth In trade an! prosperity. Men who are past middle age have never voted for any other candidate for the hlah office. He is of the heroic age, the revolutionary period t his country's history. He Is ope of the world's strong men. Not In the list of Latin republics that have frequently revolutions and wars Is Mexfco found. She has now remained falrlv TV a e f 1 1 1 lnniur thr V, . . I- .1 ever done since the foundation of our

lies in the city are found in the classes. Local priests, however, oppose the work of the college by urging parents to withdraw their children when any are enrolled among the students. By this strategy some of the brightest scholars get beyond their help and influence. We have been threatened with violence should we remain in this city," said Miss Turner. "Mobs of drunken Mexicans, secretly directed by priests, have gathered around the college on feast days intending to demolish the building and threatening to kill us. But the mobs were scattered by the timely action of soldiers sent over from the local garrison. The Governor of the State is friendly fo us, and now, when a feast day is on or an uprising threatoned, he orders our building protected by a strong guard of armed soldiers." The priesthood in this city ill unusually conservative. Reinforced, as they are. by ardent adherents to the church, they sometimes become troublesome. A magnificent bronze statue of the great liberator, Juarez, now stands in the plaza, where It was placed a few months Jigo. A forcible attempt was made by the more pronounced Catholics to prevent its erection and dedication, because of the successful fight made a half century ago under his leadership, against the power of the church in affairs of the state. Here, as elsewhere, it has become a struggle for existence with many of the individual churches. The more well-to-do classes have largely withdrawn their support, leav-

ing the poorer people to bear the burden of expenses incurred. The superintendent of the local smelter, where the pay roll of Mexicans employed foots up Into the thousands every week, told me that on payday a priest comes to the smelter with a basket to receive the church contributions of his adherents before they have opportunity to spend it in other lines. Aguas Calientes, meaning warm waters, hi ( .1. brnted for its fine baths. The waters break forth in several springs of varying temperatures and all heavily charged with minerals. A bathhouse has been built near the station. In the bathrooms, stone steps lead down frcm stone floors Into the tubs, which are set beneath the floor. A short distance away are the open air' baths from which flows a stream of warm water. This brook is almost constantly in use by the poor people for laundering and bathing purposes. Women kneel upon the moist banks and rub the weekly wash on a iarge rock before them, stooping often to dip the garments into the flowing stream beneath. Aguas Calientes is also famous for the beautiful drawnwork manufactured in its homes. Most of the drawnwork exported from Mexico is made in this city. In almost every family one or several are skilled in the execution of this class of delicate needle, work. One of the local dealers who exports drawnwork extensively informs me that fully two-thirds of the 30,000 residents in this city are engaged In designing and executing from linen fabrics the artistic ne.-die product so much admired by tourists. M "ii. women and children are pressed Into service. Labor In this line is cheap considering the skill required, and the output is so large that the drawnwork from Mexico would drive American women out of this Industry were it not for the fact that a 60 per cent, duty is collected on all such Imports at Mexican gateways. Little girls Ave and six years old begin to learn the dainty stitches and continue the employment until they are old women. Yet weak eyes among them are seldom known. The women appear very happy at their work. Often a dozen or more will congregate in a single room and cheerily talk and laugh as they make the beautiful fairy-like stitches in the delicate fabric. A year or two ago a law was enacted permitting tourists to bring back with them $ltx) worth of Mexican goods free of duty. The enactment of this law has made travel in Mexico more popular than ever. It has been particularly welcomed by lady tourists who. without exception, are charmed aud delighted with the drawnwork. It can be bought in this city for about half the price asked for the same goods in the United States. Smuggling was very commonly practiced before the present law went Into effect. On the occasion of my visit to this country four years ago, the train was tilled with scores of travelers returning from a delightful tour of Mexico. Most of the ladies freely confessed to fellow passengers that they were supplied with quantities of this needlework, yet I observed that only one lady paid duty on drawnwork. all the others having successfully secreted this dutiable commodity. JESSE HI'BER. republic. Dlas was elected president in the same year as Hayes. Mace then we have had seven Presidents to Mexieo's one; we have had two Presidents assassinated' Diaz Is a soldier. When, after alarms and tights and far refuges; after hiding in the mountains and frequent eseajdng from the foreign troops that Maximilian brought, after removing the patriot capital from place to place, even as our own Congress had flitted from town to town almost a hundred year's earlier, the foreign legions of Maximilian left him to his fate, and Mexico was easily conquered. Diaz was Jaures's most trusted general. Juarez, the "Liberator," was one of the ablest native Americans of the continent He was a pure-blooded Indian. His features,, devoid of beard, shrewd, kindly, keen. are as familiar in Mexico as George Washington's are here. They are an Indian's characteristic features. Dlax Is of Spanish blood, but through his mother he. too derives from brave Indian stock. He was born In Oaxaoa and was desti.ie. by his parents for the church. Priests have !layed u large part In the liin ratlon of Mexco. from Hidalgo and Morelos down. But Diaz himself selected a lawyer s robes to wear. He Is now only seventy-three, yet he was enrolled in the Mexican war with the HUtes In ls4i. though he took no active part in It; he fought in civil wars against the corrupt Santa Anna, was a chief WX hxi-

gade in the war with Maximilian and took a glorious share in the defense of Puebla, ever since celebrated on May 5 "El clnco de Maya." When Juarez became President he dropped militarism as completely as did General Grant. He was known as the "Black-coat President." Diaz has been as insistent upon peace and its interests. Mexico has a Constitution closely modeled after ours, a high degree of prosperity. Her silver money is a perplexity because of its changing value, but for some months now a commission has tlxed a standard of exchange for gold at the beginning of every month. Consul Kaiser, at Macatlan. has Just reported to our State Department upon Mexican trade. He says that Mexican merchants are so conservative that "failures are almost unknown " Mexico has over 12.000.000 people, over 7,700 miles of railways, revenues of more than $b.ujM.oijO Mexican, or about half of that sum In our money, and an annual forSteX) trade of more than 920."" .'-. silver.

Her foreign debt is. only about $6 per person; her total debt is, on a gold basis, about lU-O.OuO.OOO. Mexico's army is 37.000 men larger than ours before the Spanish war. She has no navy and needs noue. save a few revenue cutters; the Cnlted States protects her from foreign aggression. The relations of the two republics are most friendly. Mexico has long ago forgiven the war of 184, which we now know to have been more the fault of corrupt politicians in Mexico than of her plain people. And since the time when, at our command, I ouis Napoleon hastily recalled his French troops from Mexico and the cardboard "empire" of Maximilian fell to pieces, leaving the Mexicans their own masters, they have known better than any other nation that the Monroe doctrine is "loaded." THE JOURNAL'S POETS. Different. Self satisfied, we blindly chide The faults we freely And Where circumstance of birth or bond No evil has designed We fail to ee the mirrored view A limit or a lack. Or prejudice perversely set To ward Its own attack. The racial mold, the attitude By custom bred and borne. Are not unlike the masquerade We awkwardly have worn These only of the fashion are That fit the class or clime We failed to find, while we appear In cast-off clothes, sometimes. If only it were tränke to know Objections of the hart That struKftle in their savagery To keep mankind apart. The difference would trivial be Restraining where we'd cross The boundaries of fellowship Forgetful of our Ions. The only difference, at all. 'Tween man and man, at last. Is where one waits beside the stream His brother's course has passed. Between these shores invisible Sink every mortal care. A8 silently one goes before And one stands dumbly there. Forget the difference, be kind To find the perfect part. Or bring your own in tenderness To mend a friendless heart. Be all the difference your Joy In charms than yours more dear, And beg to wear them 'round your life Without a single fear. Starving alike for human help. For nourishment withheld. Our weakness at such violence Has long and late rebelled. And so we spend our forces fair To crush the cheer we crave. When all the charms life has to lend We first refuse to save. Be different, but always be Exactly as you are; Let not the sweetness of your soul Invite a single scar. The difference is all that holds Our common hope so sure Then shall we let that difference be Unhappy, false or poor? George E. Bowen. Mustn't Look. There Isn't a single place in the house Where I dast to look at-tall, Not in my mamma's dresser. Nor the closet In the hall. Nor In my sister Mary's trunk. Nor Bobby's treasure chest. Nor in my very own cubby-hole Where I keep my robin's nest, An' a pretty broken teapot With roses on the side. An' the crape that I put on the door When doll Belinda died. An' mamma said 'twas my cubby-hole. Though Bridget was cross as a bear; An' now I mustn't look In it. 'Cause Christmas things are there! I'm Jus' mos' crazy to see 'em; Last night I almost cried; An' I thought, an' thought, an counted up How many things they could hide; A dolly house an' a cradle A teaset an' a ring. An' what If a doll like Bessie's A doll that can talk an' sing! My hands have to hold each uwer When I pass that door in the hall. An' my eyes are so tired of not looking They can hardly see at-tall. An' it's mos' ree weeks till Christmas! How can it ever get here. When every day's so slow an' long It last-sea most a year? Samantha Whipple Shoup. Dam from the Attic Wlsdow. Gray dawn veiling out the starsBirds with dew-dipped wing Fading secrets of the night, Where the slow mists cling. Watch I, from my window nook. Sweet day lift her head. Rosy from her sunset dream In a colud-wreath bed. Wind-stirred petals fluttering. Give their sweetness up, Joyous offerings to nil Morning's gold-rimmed cup. Little window near the eaves, Hiding from the world. How the glory spreads and flows. When the light's unfurled! Heart of mine, the shadowed night Silent slips awayLet the flood of upper light Full upon you play. Gather dawn's bright purity. Wear her crown of song. Pour your Joy Into the world. Or. suffering, be strong. Indianapolis. Ethel M. Phelps. Day Dreams. Why work and plan and worry, In this world of paltry toll. Why struggle and fret and hurry In the battle for dross and spoil. When the love that Ilea In a sweetheart's eyes Is the only thing worth while! The heart is always weeping In this weary world of lies; The Sun itself is sleeping In the gloom of leaden skies; And the only light That is always bright Is the love in a sweetheart's eyes! Then here's to love and dreaming! Let's dream the whole day through! The world is empty, seining. Its toil and heartaches, too; And the love that gleams In our world of dreams Is the only thing that's true! Suade Marion Kussel. Smoke a Tom Benton 5c Cigar, .v Wilkle Collins 10c Cigar. C. VY. KR1KL, Distributer. 106 Monument Place.

Famous CKurcK Trial Recalled PatricK M. McNelis. President of the Ancient Order of Hibernians, was Accused of Being; a Molly Mag vi ire.. .Father Bsiionies. as Umpire. Acquitted Him

Mr. Patrick H. McNeils was In a reminiscent mood and was telling of earlier days, when as a lad of twelve he performed a boy's work in the mines of the Hazleton district the very hotbed of the Molly Maguires and the scene of so many depredations that shocked the country twenty-live years ago. "The Molly Maguires." said Mr. McNelis. "were an organization of working men formed to protect each other's interest. Many a mine superintendent was whitecapped because he discriminated against the PATRICK H. M'NBLIS. members of the Molly Maguires. The difference between labor unions of to-day. and the Molly Maguires of twenty-live years ago. Is that to-day Intelligence rules the organization and In the earlier days these organizations were dominated by ignorance and passion. But there has been many a vicious crime committed and laid at the doors of the Molly Maguires that they were Innocent of. Did you ever hear how the 'Mollks' got their name? Many years ago, when there was a price on the heads of the Catholic clergy In Ireland, a band of men organized into a society that was known as the Sons of Molly Magulre, and they organized to protect the priests. Some called them tha 'Mollies' and that Is where the name originated. At the time Mr. McNelis left the Hazleton district and came West, the Molly Maguires were a powerful organization. It was afterward, however, that deeds of violence began to be reported and the organization was brought into bad repute. DISSENSIONS AROSE. In 1877 some dissension arose in the ranks of the Ancient Order of Hibernians in Indianapolis and serious charges were made against the state officers of the organization. Many Indianapolis people will remember the famous trial In Catholic circles In which I?i?hop Chatard sat as the judge and that saintly man. Father Bessonles, officiated in the capacity of jury or umpire. At the time Patrick McNelis was state president of the Hibernians. The charges against the officers were laid before the bishop. McNells's friends have always Insisted that they were inspired by petty jealousies. A specific allegation was that McNelis had been a Molly Magulre during his residence In Pennsylvania, that he was still affiliated with these men and that he was endeavoring to use the Hibernians in carrying out the plans of the "Mollies." There was a strong Intimation that he was seeking to make a Molly Magulre society out of the Hibernians. There was another LUMBER And Planing Mills Veneered Doors and Hardwood Flooring Wm. Eaglesfield Co. fJIk Sf. and t. . & W. R. R. Sy-We have the genuine OHIO-JACKSON Ja.. M. Burn.. B. McOettlfan. A. M. MaGuIre McGettigan Coal Company Wholesale and Retail Dealers In And Wood. The Rst Quality and LOWEST PRICES. Off looss and Yards 704 South Ca pi ol Ave. Cor. Noble and Washington Sts. Both Phones.

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charge that Mr. McNelis was known to speak ill of Catholic priests. The trial before the bishop took place one night in his residence, the house now occupied by the Rev. Father Gavisk. McNelis and his accusers were there, a score of his enemies seated in the dimly-lighted parlor. The bishop, dignified and austere, his fine, classic face set in stern lines, walked in and took his seat at a desk. The trial proceeded, with McNeils acting as his own attorney. He questioned his accusers rigidly as they were called on to give evidence by the bishop. It was growing lnte and the last of the accusers was being questioned. McNeils was putting rapid queries when the opportunity offered. Suddenly the proceedings were interrupted. "Stop, stop, stop!" cried a voice pitched high with intense feeling, and out of the darkness at the far end of the parlor stepped Father Bessonles. On his face was an expression of anger. Stepping toward McNeMs's accusers he began to speak. "You are wrong Nells right; you are wrong Nelis right!" he almost screamed in broken English. The bishop wheeled his chair about, an expression of amazement, not to say annoyance, passing over his face. But the rial was over, for Father Bessonles had given his decision. WANTED INFORMATION. Bishop Chatard then expressed a desire to know more about the Hibernians. "I can't talk to you while these men are here." said McNelis. "Send them away and you shall know all about it." A moment later he had the satisfaction of seeing his accusers file out of the room at the request of the bishop. In the hour's interview that followed Bishop Chatard was given a thorough insight into the workings of the Hibernians. "That's a good organization, and I like it." said he at the close of McNells's explantlon. The State president left the house elated. He and Father Hessonles were stanch friends, and later they congratulated themselves on the result of the trial. Whether it was because of a prejudice received at the time of the McNelis trial

or whether he afterward heard things that displeased him regarding the Hibernians, It Is a well-known fact that Bishop Chatard never became enthusiastic over the organizations. It is said that to-day the Indianapolis diocese is the only one in the country that does not recognize the A. O. of A. H. Father Bessonles loved the society, and it was one of the cherished hopes of his life that the church in this city might recognize it as a powerful and righteous Catholic society. Some of the stanchest friends of Bishop Chatard are leaders of the Hibernians in Indiana. They are yet hopeful of bringing about a better understanding between the bishop and the organization. "We believe Bishop Chatard to be a Just man." said one of the members recently, "and we believe he feels he Is right in his opposition to this organisation. On the other hand, we feel that we are right, and we hope soon to convince the bishop that the organisation is worthy of being recognized." Many Hibernians feel that the bishop's opposition arises through his having confused the society of Hibernians with some other Irish organizations that have been much discussed in recent years. MOURNED HIS DEATH. Perhaps no man in Indianapolis mourned the death of Father Bessonles as keenly as Patrick McNeils. The "grand old man." as he might be called, loved McNeils and believed in him throughout his tribulations while at the head of the Hibernians. Years ago before he became feeble the old priest was a frequent caller at the McNeils home. In earlier days when McNelis was a younger man he kept a saloon on West Washington street and he and his wife occupied an adjoining house. It was one of Father Bessonies's delights to visit the McNeils home and have his lemonade. The old priest was a strict temperance man all his life, but he loved his glass of lemonade with the straws and the cherries on top. His good old face would light up at the sight of It and his joyous ringing laugh when McNelis would twit him about being a "drinking man" was a tonic to those about him. Lump ami C rushed COKE FOR SALE.' Oall anil secure tickets. The Indianapolis Gas Co. 49 South Pennsylvania Street. McCREA-GROVER COAL CO. C0AbW00D 537-545 West Vinton Street FRANK F. McCREA M. A. GROVER I New4157 (Old 914 Phones Cor. Leota St. and Southeastern ve. Fletcher Avenue and Big Four

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