Indianapolis Journal, Volume 52, Number 352, Indianapolis, Marion County, 18 December 1902 — Page 4

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL. THURSDAY. DECEMBER 18, 1902.

THE DAILY JOURNAL I j THURSDAY, DECEMBER 18. 1902.

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Person sending: the Journal through the malls la the United States sLoul 1 put on an eluht-paKe or ft twelve-pae paper a l-cent stamp; on a sixteen, twenty or twenty-four-paire paper, a 2-cent stamp. Foreign postage is usually double these rat. All communications Intended for publication In this paper mutt. In order to receive attention, be accompanied by the name and. address of the writer. Rejected manuscripts will not be returned unless postage Is Incloeed for that purpose. Entered ait ocond-clats matter at Indianapolis, Ind.. postoSlc. THE INDIANAPOLIS JOLIIXAL Can be fouxd at the following; places: NEW YORK Astor House. CHICAGO Palmer House P. O. News Co.. 217 Dearborn rtreel: Auditorium Annex Hotel, Dearborn Station News Stand. CINCINNATI-J. F. Hawley & Co.. Arcade. LOUISVILLE C. T. Deerlnjr, northwest corner of Third and Jefferson streets; Louisville Book Co.. 2-V Fourth avenue, and Blaufeld Bros., 442 West Market street. CT. LOUIS Union News Comrany, Union Depot. WASHINGTON. D. C R1ks House. Ebbett House. Fairfax Hotel. WllUrd Hotel. DENVER. COL Louthaln & Jackson. Fifteenth and Lawrence streets. DAYTON. O. J. V. Wllkle, 39 South Jefferson street. COLUMBUS. O.-VIaduct News Stand. 231 Hlsh street. There can be no real war In Venezuela until the war correspondents arrive. It was a blunder not to have taken them alonp;. It seems much easier to make a treaty with Spain than with Cuba at the present time, but the Cuban treaty Is much more Important. 4SBSBWSSBBSVBBBBBBSBSBBBBBSSSBBBBJSSSBSSBBMasBBSBBBBSSaSJ The packers' lawyer who denied that the sending of beef from Chicago to New York or Bo3ton to be fold by an agent Is Inter state commerce did not explain what sort of a transaction it is. United States Minister Bowen now has charge at Caracas of the interests of Great Britain, Germany, Italy and Holland, besides those of thU country. lie is the most manifold minister on record. France's bill against Venezuela is larger and older than thoso of the other powers, but France seems not to think it profitable to throw good money after bad in an attempt to get blood from a turnip. JaWVWSBBBBBSBBBSBBSJSSSBBBBBBBBMBSSBSBSSMBNBBBSMSBBBBBSBBSBSS The Iron trade, the postal business and railroad traffic are all regarded as good criteria of prosperity, but there Is none better than the Christmas trade, which promises to be unusually large this year. Before the Ministerial Association of Muncle decides to expel a member who does not believe In the orthodox doctrine of hell they should individually state their own beliefs In writing and see if .any two of . them agree. Senator Tillman, of South Carolina, In an interview opposes the proposed colonization of negroes in the Philippines on humanitarian grounds. This is the first time the "pitchfork senator has appeared in the role of philanthropist. The course Germany and Great Britain are pursuing against Venezuela should lead the South American republics to be more friendly to the United States than they have been. But the South Americans are rather a queer people. The Washington authorities note a distinct Improvement in our relations with Cuba since the British-German demonstration against Venezuela. This is probably because the current of European opposition to the reciprocity treaty has been interrupted. If President Gompcrs, of the American Federation of Labor, has any reliable Information regarding the Importation of foreigners by the anthracite coal operators he should put It In the hands of the proper authorities. Vague hints and unsupported assertions are of no weight in such cases. It Is not necessary to consult with neutral parties when at war with third parties says Premier Balfour. Freely interpreted this Is nctice to Uncle Sam to keep his noso out or get it punched. Well, the old man has his "dukes up" and has been known to block an undercut before to-day. Rebates have been the great monopoly builders, and in the event of the success of the suits Instituted by the Department of Justice against railroads which persist In carrying the same kind of merchandise r.t a less price for one rarty than they do for another, one class of trusts will r-fccive a deadly blow. President Palma, of Cuba, is reported as saying that as soon as the reciprocity treaty is disposed of he will take up the question of United States coaling stations and bring it to a satisfactory settlement. With those two vexatious questions settled and the Piatt amendment put In the form of a treaty our relations with Cuba will be on an excellent basis. ( The Irish member of Parliament who inquired yesterday whether war between Great Britain and Venezuela had been "declared' seemed to think the declaration of war an essential thing. He was mistaken, as Premier Balfour clearly intimated when be replied: "Does the honorable member suppose that without a state of war you can take vessels and have a blockade?" War can be begun and waged without any formal declaration. The anti-trust, or, more properly, the anti-monopoly bill which Senator Quarles. of Wisconsin, has presented in the senate ia one of the most Important to which public attention has been called, since it provUts a punishment for a dealer who ecu into a town and cuts the price- of a rt::!j to ft fjure below the price In places

similarly situated simply to drive an established dealer out of business. This has been done by such monopolies as the Standard Oil Company simply to enable it to get control of the trade and to enjoy a monopoly. The measure, however, seems to be more properly a matter for state legislation than for national. Tin: Titi'E 3io.itoK doctrim:. One good result of the present Venezuelan trouble will be to emphasize the true import of the Monroe doctrine and our relation to It. It was Important that this should be done. Often as the doctrine had been asserted in particular cases, it still lacked clear definition. Through a spirit of jingoism it was gradually receiving u construction, at least in the popular mind, that committed the United States to a sort of protectorate over all the Central and South American states which would shield them from coercion or interference by foreign governments under any circumstances, no matter whal they did. The popular understanding of the doctrine was tending to a construction that would make the United States responsible for all the acts of these governments, for their financial as well as their political delinquencies, because it committed the United States to the duty of protecting them against the consequences of their acts. This idea prevailed to a considerable extent in Europe, and recent dispatches have shown that it prevails generally among South American States. It Is a wrong and dangerous construction of the Monroe doctrine, and we did not repudiate it any too soon. Hadli been accepted by the government, as there was danger that It might be. It would have brought upon us one war after another. With an emotional or a "Jingo" President, accessible to popular clamor, there might easily have come a new definition of the Monroe doctrine that we could not have maintained, even by war, and that would have proved an endless source of trouble and danger. Thanks to President Itoosevelt and the application of the Monroe doctrine in the present case, we have escaped this danger. President Roosevelt gave the clearest and best definition of the doctrine that has ever been made, and one that has made It much more acceptable to European powers, and much more tenable and defensible by the United States than it ever was before. In his first annual message he said: The Monroe doctrine is a declaration that there must be no territorial aggrandizement by uny non-American power at the expense of any American power on Amorlean soil. It is in nowise intended as hostile to any nation in the old world. Still less 13 it intended to give cover to any aggression by one- new world power at the expense of any other. It is simply a step.

and a long step, toward assuring the universal peace of the world by securing the possibility of permanent peace on this hemisphere. During the past century other Influences have established the permanence and Independence of the smaller states of Europe. Through the Monroe doctrine we hope to be able to safeguard like independence and secure like permanence for the lesser among the new world nations. This doctrine has nothing to do with the com mercial relations of any American power, save that in truth it always allows each of them to form such as it desires. In other words, it is really a guaranty of the commercial independence of the Americas. We do not ask under this doctrine for any exclusive commercial dealings with any other American state. We do not guarantee any state against punishment if it misconducts itself, provided that punishment does not take the form of the acquisition of territory by any non-American power. Not only was this the best definition ever made of the Monroe doctrine, but it was the first time that by any official expression it was shown to have nothing to do with the commercial relations of any American power and was no shield for any of them against punishment for wrongdoing, "provided that punishment does not take the form of the acquisition of territory by any non-American power." This definition of the doctrine bars out the mischievous and dangerous idea that it commits the United States to the protection of the Central and South American states against outside interference of any kind, no matter what they may do. We are fortunate in having had a distinct repudiation of that construction of the Monroe doctrine while there was yet time, and we are still further fortunate in the present opportunity of making a conspicuous application of it. Hereafter there will be no excuse for any European power or any Central or South American state misconstruing tho doctrine or our relation to It. GOVERNMENTS AXD MEN. An Interesting question was raised in the United States Court of Appeals at Chicago during argument of a motion for an injunction restraining fourteen railroads from cutting rates in violation of the interstatecommerce acts. The court was sitting in bank with Judges Grosscup and Phillips on the bench. Both of the Judges granted temporary restraining orders against the roads, last spring, and the present motion was to make the order permanent. The suli was brought by the government at the instance of tho Interstate-commerce Commission, and counsel for the railroads contended that it was Improperly brought. At one point In tho argument the following passage occurred between the court and counsel: Judge Grosscup interrupted the argument by asking: "If the majority of shippers along a certain line of railway are discriminated against and driven out of business are not the hundreds of farmers along the same line injured by having to sell their products to only one purchaser?" "That point seems to li, outside this bill." said Mr. Dickinson, "though I admit that the wrong Is sufficiently set forth as to grain shippers." "But who can assert the right of nllthese farmers if not the government under the interstate-commerce act?" asked Judge Gross cup. "They can assert it themselves," was tho reply of Mr. Dickinson. "They can apply for an injunction against a repetition of the wrong." "Is not that the very ground on which the government interferes? Does not the attorney general ask injunctions here so that all these individuals mill not be compelled to bring separate actions?" inquired Judge Grosscup. Mr. Dickinson did not answer this question directly. "That Is the question that will have to be adjudicated," he said. The interesting question raised here is whether the government in its organized capacity has a right to Institute proceedings in the interest of a considerable body or whole class of citizens, or whether they must assert their rights individually. This goes to the root of the question of the relation of government to t ie people. The people existed be 'ore the government, and the latter drlves its power from them. Government Is the people organized. One of its main objects Is y organization to protect the people In the enjoyment of their rights. Jefferson said: "It Is to secure our rights that we resort to government at all." It was "We, the people of the United States," who ordained and established the Constitution. The laws enacted by Congress derive their binding force from the people. The Constitution makes It the duty of the executive to see that all laws are enforced. The laws prohibiting rate cutting were passed to protect the people In their right to havo uni

form rates and against extortion from any class of citizens under the guise of discriminating rates. It is as much the duty of the government to protect the people in the enjoyment of this right as of any other, and it is its duty to see that the interstate-commerce laws are enforced, as well as all others. It would be inconvenient, expensive and almost impossible for each individual injured by rate cutting to bring suit to enforce his rights. It Is much easier for him to look to the government for the protection of his rights and for the enforcement of a law of its own enactment. If railroad and corporation lawyers could get the courts to hold that the government may not Initiate measures to protect the rights of citizens and institute proceedings to enforce laws which havo been enacted by authority of the people and for

the very purpose of protecting their rihts ' the railroads and corporations could do a they pleased One of the main objects ot government is to assert, enforce and protect individual rights. TIIK VENEZUELAN OUTLOOK. Early yesterday the Venezuelan Imbroglio seemed to have assumed a more serious phase, but last night's advices indicate that the Venezuelans are weakening and that the trouble will be settled by arbitration. President Castro has been urged to make terms with the allied powers through the United States minister at Caracas. No doubt the people of the South American republic saw no hope of escape after the stand taken by England and Germany. Premier Balfour announced yesterday in the British House of Commons that there is no such thing as" a "pacific blockade," and that a state of war now actually exists. The same view Is held In Germany. Under this decision all shipping of the United States will be excluded. The contention of the State Department at Washington has been that the term "pacific blockade" Is a fiction, and that In order to prevent the ships of neutrals fxom entering Venezuelan ports there should be a declaration that a state of war exists. Britain and Germany have acquiesced in this view of the matter. The announcement at London and Berlin that no territory would be seized was unnecessary, in view of the fact that the United States has forty warships in the Caribbean sea . and that any territorial aggression would be regarded as a violation of the Monroe doctrine. In some quarters, notably in Central America, the action of the allied powers is viewed as an attempt to fracture the Monroe doctrine and pave the way for more drastic action. As evidence that this government is alive to the possibilities of the situation, it was announced yesterday that a warship had been ordered to Laguayra and that Minister Bowen, at Caracas, would have the assistance of naval officers. It Is believed the government Is taking precautions to prevent the interruption of cable communication. The fact that almost every European nation is pressing claims against Venezuela is taken to mean that Europe will be nearly a unit against the United States should this country be forced to take a hand in the trouble. PROSPERITY OF THE RAILROADS. The effect of the years of prosperity upon tho railroads is set forth in tho official figures of tho Interstate-commerce Commission showing tho gross earnings, the net earnings and the -net Income for the five years preceding and Including 1301, which are as follows: Gross. Net Net earnings. earnings. income. 1K)7 1,122.0S!,773 J3ß9.5r3.000 SS1.257.506 1S0S 1.247.323.G21 429.K2.345 140,319.421 1SD0 1,313,610.118 4r6,641.119 1 64.154.S13 If) 1.4S7.044.S14 525.616.rm 227.260.447 1901 1.5SS.526.037 55S.12S.767 241,511,318 The amount of earnings devoted to maintenance of way increased from $115,000,000 in 1S95 to $220,000,000 In 1901, and for maintenance of equipment from $108,000,000 in 1S95 to $1S4,000,000 In 1901. Nevertheless, in spite of the increased expenditure of $1S1,000,000 for Improvements in 1901 over the earliest period, the net Income was raised from $S1,257.506 in 1S97 to $241,511,318 in 1901 an increase of about 300 per cent. The net income is supposed to be the amount paid as dividends to shareholders. These figures afford an explanation for the advance in the stocks of so many railroads since 1897. If, in 1S97, all tly? railroads had increased the wages of their employes 10 per cent., aggregating about $50,000,000, the stockholders would have had a small amount left for dividends. This year, when the net earnings must be considerably greater than those of 1301, the advance In wages could be made and more than $200.000,000 would be left for dividends. Such figures do not sustain the claim of railroad managers that the rates of transportation should be advanced because of "the increased cost of living for railroads," meaning higher wages and higher materials used in equipment and Improving track. With an increase In net profits of 300 per cent., an increase In the rates of transportation does not scorn to be varrantcd. The largest expenditure of railroads is for operating expenses. During 1S97 such expenses were $752.534.773 and during 1901 $1,030,397,270. This means that nearly twothirds of the earnings of railroads go to pay current expenses, the greater part of which goes to labor In the compensation of a million employes, and for the purchase of materials, the value of which is the labor which makes such materials available. In all production labor's part of the total receipts is the lion's share when the product is followed from the crudest form to the finished article. Labor may not get what It believes to be its share of the Just value of the product, but It gets the larger part of money received wherever it is employed. Labor's share, large as it is, must be paid when the service Is rendered, even If capital gets no return for the part It performs. Many railroads have been operated for years without earning money for shareholders, but the employes are paid if the gross earnings are sufficient to pay them. Further discussion as to the meaning and effect of a "pacific blockade" Is ended by the announcement that Great Britain and Germany have decided, to declare an unqualified blockade of Venezuelan ports against all powers. This is an exercise of war power and 4s a recognized right of belligerents. The blockade may be declared ns to any number of ports or the whole coast of Venezuela, but It must not be a mere paper blockade. Article 4, of the Declaration of Paris, made in 1S56. and signed by the European powers, declared that: "Blockades to be binding must be effective that Is to say, maintained by a force really sufficient to prevent access to the coast of the enemy," The United

States was not a signatory party to this declaration, but It has always maintained the principle. In the present case it is not likely that the blockade will embrace more than a few ports. This will cause more Inconvenience to the United States than to any other power, but If the blockade is made effective by the piesence of an adequate blockading force and is impartially enforced It Is not perceived that the United States will have any Just ground of complaint. It must be admitted, however, that the allied powers arc going gTeat lengths and adopting strange methods to enforce the payment of their claims against Venezuela. This latest action complicates the situation. If the blockade is declared to take effect suddenly it may raise embarrassing questions concerning American vessels in Venezuelan ports or on the way thither. It is surprising that the powers should have regarded the present situation as Justifying this unusual exercise of belligerent rights. It is a story of many ramifications that connects creditors of a national bank which failed at Anderson, Ind., in 1S73 with Vcnezuelan finances. When the bank failed its assets Included about $SO,000 of Venezuelan bonds, which Its president, Iftn. Thomas N. Stilwell, had obtained while United States minister to Venezuela. At first the bonds were repudiated by Venezuela, but after several years spent in disputes and arbitrations most of them were recognized as valid, and payments on them have been going on for thirty years, during which time they have been in the hands of the controller of the currency. The creditors of the defunct bank have waited much longer for the payment of these bonds than the British and German creditors of Venezuela have.

The first day's testimony before the House committee inquiring Into the alleged frauds at tho late electldn in the city of St. Louis shows that "toughs" first ascertained if the Republican Judges and clerk were armed. When It was discovered that the officials were not armed, a crowd broke into a polling place and severely beat the Republican Judge and clerk," who ran away. This was done because the Republicans objected to having one man vote twice and to having eight men in the booths, when the law limits the number to three. This was in one precinct in the city in which the world's fair will be held. A scene from an election in St. Louis under the Nesbit law would add to the Interest of, a midway plaisance. President Gompers's emphatic approval of the boycott as one of the methods of organized labor can no more be defended than can the blacklisting of worklngmen by those who have employed them. To boycott a man's business because he may ride in a street car belonging to a company with which a union has a grievance is a serious infringement upon the rights of the Individual, because it is intended to destroy his business. It is an outrage upon the individual for an employer to notify other employer not to give work to a discharged man an outrago which Mr. Gompers denounces. It is of the same character, however, as the boycott. Tho man who favors one cannot consistently denounce the other. Indianapolis people are spending a good deal of money during this holiday time, and a good many of them, there is no manner of doubt, are spending It with great lack of Judgment. In fact, they are ready to admit as much. They wish to remember their friends, but, not having given the subject much previous thought, are at a loss when tho time comes, and at the last moment dash out and buy something that pleases neither themselves nor the recipient. "But what can we do?" they ask helplessly. "The shops are crowded, there is no time to deliberate and we must decide quickly." Well, for one thing, there arc pictures by our home artists pictures worth looking at and worth buying; pictures that can be studied over at leisure, for the studios are not thronged. It is not that Indianapolis people do not appreciate the work of the "Hoosler Group." On the contrary, they know that what this body of men and women are doing is well worth while, 'me trouble is that It is not constantly before the public eye; artists are a modest folk and do not advertise themselves or their wares, and when the Christmas hurly-burly comes on puzzled buyers are likely to forget that they might solve come of their holiday problems in these quiet studios. What they may buy there has a lasting value that too many Christmas purchases lack. To the Editor of the Indianapolis Journal: Please state why the Jennings case was tried in the Federal Court; also, what right the judge had to make the parties in the suit divide costs. Subscriber. Jennings has been for some years a resident of Ohio, and therefore could not prosecute his suit In the Indiana state courts. The attorney for the defendants has protested against the Judge's ruling and the matter has not yet been passed upon. THE HUHORISTS. Winnes mid Errands. Kansas City Journul. DruKRi.'t Well, little girl, what do you want? Little Girl I want a box of caramels, sir; b-but I came to buy a postage stamp. The Truth by Ilstnke. Chicago News. Customer What do you charge for 10 cents worth of camphor? Druggist (absently) Twenty-five cents. Thinking. Columbia Jester. He (musingly) Sometime "I think I am a fool. She (sweetly) And at other times you think you're exactly right. Theory Not Practice. Chicago Tost. "Of course," said the youth who was In love, "two can live as cheaply as one." "Ferha'rs." replied his wise father, "but I never knew them to do It." A Slight nifllculty. The dictionary to my sight Diclnes words and words again. If I could but arrange them right I'd be a genius with the pen. Washington Star. Sainmed Up. Life. The Widow I want a man to do odd Jobs about th house, run on errands, one tht never answers back and Is always ready to do my bidding. Applicant You'ra looking for a husband, ma'am. Appropriate Text. Doston Trancrlpt. It was sinoe the coal famine began. The boy bad been to church and was still shivering when he reached the cheerless hearth at home. "What was the text?" askd his mother. "Many are cold, but few Arc frozen." chattered tht youth.

Lincoln Conspiracy and sttAmtt Its Conspirators Copyrighted. 1902, by The Baltimore American. the Dry Torta?.

In the brief space of a month after the killing of Winters our small Island and Inclosure was visited by yellow fever. It made fearful ravages among the limited number stationed there, sweeping nearly every officer at the post away. It struck from earth our best officers and permitted the heartless ones to recover, to repeat again, I suppose, more of their cruelties upon humanity under their command. The ways of providence are mysterious, and no doubt It was done for some good and wise purpose. Among the first to succumb to the dread disease was Brev.-MaJ. J. Sin Smith, surgeon in charge. Dr. Smith, on his arrival at the post, which was but a few months before, corrected in various instances the abuse and reigning terrors which abounded there. He was, indeed, a man of humanity and kindness, a gentleman by birth and culture the soldiers' and prisoners friend and protector, and his memory lives In the mind and heart of all by whom he was then surrounded as all that was good, pure, upright and noble. He worked with untiring zeal whilst the fever raged, until the fatal malady struck him down upon the bed of sickness, where he lingered but three days and died. He received every attention from Dr. Mudd, who, at that period, had charge. Mrs. Smith was lying In an adjacent room, sick with the fever. Dr. Mudd paid her every attention and worked unfalteringly to save her life. His efforts were crowned with success and she recovered from the disease. During the period of the sickness of Dr. Smith and family there was neither an officer nor an officer's wife that came near them to administer to their wants, their cases devolving upon the care of Dr. Mudd, and faithfully did he perform all that lay within his power. In a short time the fever proved epidemic, and men could be seen falling down in every section of the fort, as the dread malady seized them. When In former times officers were parading about devising plans wherewith to torture the soldiers and prisoners nothing was seen or heard of them, they keeping themselves closely closeted, a pall like unto death seemingly hanging over the officers quarters. Fear was depicted upon the countenances of everyone on the island, each looking for his turn next. Two of the companies were removed to the adjacent islands, thereby being saved from the fever's fearful ravages. Two companies were retained to guard the fort and prisoners. Prisoners had to stand the brunt of the fever, their only safety being in an overruling providence. Out of the fifty-two prisoners confined there, but two died, whereas the garrison lost In officers and men thirty-seven. HAD COFFINS READY. Men at first, when taken sick, were carried to the small key termed Sand key, upon which a small temporary shed had been erected as a hospital, the commanding officer thinking thereby to prevent the garrison from being infected. Sick patients, seated in a small boat, were conveyed over, confronted by coffins which were piled up in the bow of the boat. This of itself was sufficient to cause alarm, and even to kill the faint-hearted, of whom there were quite a number collected on that small area of seven and a half acres. With but few exceptions those who were conveyed to the key in the small boat fell victims to the disease, and are burled beneath tho sandy soil. When Dr. Mudd was given charge he stated to the commanding officer that it would be advisable to discontinue this practice; that the fever was In our midst, and that it could not be dislodged until the poison had expended itself, advising that all cases be brought to and treated at the hospital. This was acceded to, and, from his manner of treatment in the disease, a great change was soon to be noted. From thi3 period until the arrival from Key West of Dr. Whitehurst everything was progressing favorably, no death occurring. Dr. Whitehurst, perfectly conversant with the mode of treatment, he having had immense practice in the disease, approved Dr. Mudd's manner of treatment, and it was continued throughout the period the fevor raged In our midst. The fever began to assume a more virulent type, and in spite of the untiring exertion of both began to make sad inroads into our numbers. Every one now thought of self alone. There was no respect shown by the attendants, they being soldiers taken from different companies, to either tho dead or the dying. No sooner had the breath left the body than it was coffined and hurried over to Its last resting place, there being a boat, with a crfew, detailed as the burying party, always awaiting. In many instances coffins were brought into the hospital and placed alongside of the bed to receive the body of some one expected to die, and had to be removed again, the patient still tenaciously clinging to life. FEAR REIGNED SUPREME. Men less sick were startled viewing these proceedings, it having a tendency to cause their own condition to become worse. During the terrible ordeal of the fever the garrison kept itself, duties being neglected by both officers and soldiers. During Its progress the Island assumed a different aspect. The island, which before was more like a place peopled by fiends than anything else it could be compared with, suddenly became calm, quiet and peaceful. Fear stood out upon the face of every human being. Some attempted to assume the tone of gayety and indifference, but upon their faces could be read traces of other feelings. For two months the fever raged in our midst, creating havoc among those dwelling there. During this time Dr. Mudd was never Idle. He worked both day and night and was always at post, faithful to his calling, relieving the sufferings of humanity as far as lay within his power. The fever having abated through the want of more subjects, a contract physician from New York arrived at the post and relieved Dr. Whitehurst of his duties. When the new doctor took charge there were but two or three sick, and they were In a state of convalescence. Soon thereafter Dr. Mudd was taken down with the fever In his quarters, and during the entire period of his Illness was never visited by the New York doctor, the surgeon in charge, he remaining closeted In bis room. The only medical treatment received by Dr. Mudd during his illness was administered at the hands of Spangler and myself. True, neither of us knew much about the disease or Its treatment, all the experience either possessed being derived from observation during Its prevalence and the mode of treatment having been learned from personal experience In the nursing of patients under our charge. TREATED DR. MUDD. Dr. Mudd was watched over by us both day and night in turns. We adopted the same method of treatment in his case as had been administered by him In ours, through which he happily recovered. He stated upon his recovery that had it not been for our care and watchfulness he would have died, and thanked each of us

in unmeasured terms for our friendly consideration. Dr. Mudd had worked during the prevalence of the yellow fever with an unfaltering zeal, until nature was well-nigh exhausted, relieving In every way at his command and knowledge the sufferings of humanity, but when afflicted himself he was left entirely to the mercies of his God and the limited knowledge of his two companions, which fact had the appearance of a desire for his death on the part of those at the head of affairs. We felt from the first that we had been transported to Dry Tortugas to fall victims to the many dreadful poisons of malaria generated in that climate. Happily, we lived through it all, and I am permitted to give to the world at large some Inkling of the many wrongs, tortures and sufferings inflicted upon us during the period of nearly four long years of exile. In the month of October, 1S.T7, the fever having exhausted itself and finally stamped out, and with it, to a great extent, the harsh and rigorous measures which had heretofore been adopted in the manner of our Imprisonment, some of the privileges which we had taken during its prevalence were curtailed, but for the most part the others were not countermanded by the officer in command. The officers who garrisonod the fort at this time, with the exception of two, fell victims to the disease. A lieutenant recovered alone through the kind care and watchful nursing and attention of Colonel Grenfell, who remained with him day and night, administering to his slightest want. The officers who died of the disease were coffined rnd borne to their last resting place by tho prisoners of the post, no respect being shown by the other officers. EVen wives were carried in like manner to the grave, the husband remaining in his quarters. Everything went on smoothly after the fever until the month of December, 1S67, when there arrived upon the island a notary public, purporting to be from the State of Florida. His business at first was unknown, as it frequently happened that strangers came into our midst on a visit to the commanding officer. His business, however, was soon made known to us. We were ordered separately to his presence, and found he was one of the commissioners appointed by ' the congressional committee to investigate Into the particulars conected with the assassination of President Lincoln. Letters were shown us as coming from Benjamin F. Butler authorizing the notary to obtain our voluntary statements, etc. We were forced into his presence did not go voluntarily accompanied by an armed guard. When I was sent for by him and seated he handed me his credentials to peruse, which I carefully did. I returned them to him, stating that I knew nothing concerning the business he was upon; that a statement of all the facts I knew of had been placed In the hands of the government upon my arrest and that the government was perfectly conversant with all the knowledge that I possessed, and, from my trial, knew more than I or anyone else did supposed to be conected therewith, and refused to make any further statement A TALK WITH NOTARY. I informed him that he was a stranger to me; that he might bo as base as those who had already dealt with me; that I did not trust him nor any other man, etc., stating that a burnt child dreaded the fire. He told me to consider it, and I was dismissed and sent to my quarters. After conversing with my roommates over the matter we each arrived at the conclusion that it could do no harm to us, nor the living nor the dead, and concluded to conform to his request. I called, however, upon the commanding officer. Major George P. Andrews, and stated my situation to him. I told him that I was a prisoner under his charge, and, as such, demanded his protection. He told mo that I should have it, and, thus feeling safe, I gave a statement of similar purport as that first made. During its writing the notary held out every Inducement to cause not only myself, but the others, to swear falsely, stating that if we could implicate any others we would be released from our imprisonment and carried to Washington as witnesses.' His advent was about the time of the attempted impeachment of Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, and his visit alone was to attempt to cause us to falsely implicate Andrew Johnson in the assassination. There was a great deal of unpleasantness pervading our interviews, and high words followed when he wished me to append my signature to an affidavit drawn up by himself. Throughout my statement he attempted to place his construction uon it, and obliterated my writings, until finally I requested to be Informed whether he came to write my statement himself or did he come to obtain mine. I refused to sign my name to his affidavit as drawn up by himself, stating that it Inferred that of which I knew nothing. He handed it to Major Andrews, who was seated In the room, to read. The major could not see it in the same light that I did, stating that it was all correct, etc. Seeing that neither Justice nor protection would be given me, I stated that I would not sign it, and if he was not satisfied I would destroy that which I had written and end the interview; that I asked alone for my rights and protection in them from the commanding officer. A THREAT TO SHOOT. Major Andrews Immediately rose up and spoke thus: "Sir, I will take you out on the parade grounds and shoot you." I replied: "I am your prisoner, major; you certainly can do with me as you please, and if you deem you have the authority to shoot me, all that is left me, sir, I suppose, Is to stand It." I was not shot, however, neither did I sign my name to the affidavit, but wrote out one that suited my way of thinking, also wrote my own statement without the notary's assistance, and In the end compiled with hla request, giving my statement. I was quite ill before I had completed it, and was annoyed by this man until he nearly worried me to death, the surgeon repeatedly cautioning him not to visit me in my low condition. He came in spite of all these things. Colonel Grenfell writing my expressions down for me, my condition being such that I was unable to raise my head from my pillow. The same was likewise done to the others, and he left the post much disappointed, as I afterwards learned from some of my friends in Key West. After he had left the post we were Informed through reliable authority that he was armed with the power In case we refused to furnish him our statements to place us in solitary confinement and to be fed upon bread and water, whereas by his papers exhibited to us ho was to obtain our voluntary statements. There was nothing voluntary upon our part throughout the whole affair, but force in 'every Instance was used and threats made, besides the

inducements held out to swear falsely In the premises. . OLD COMMANDER RETURNS. Our condition from this time on remained unchanged until March, 16. when Major Andrews was relieved of command of the post. Brevet Major , Colonel George St. Leger Grenfell's inveterate enemy, was ordered back to the fort and arsumed command. At the rame time a new provoyt marshal was appointed. Between the pair the island became a hell again, they devising measuies to make prisoners uncomfortable and Imprisonment more galling. As soon as the new comminder assumed the reins of power the tendency to persecute Grenfell became apparent, it having been stated to me by Major Andrews, before departure, that his successor fcl: very bitter toward Gienfell on account of the article published by him. it nearly being the means cf his dismissal from the service. When the provost marshal found prisoners contented and obedient some new order was issued to awaken them from It. Ho picked as provost guards the most contemptible men of the garrison, who abused, cursed, struck and maltreated the prisoners under their charge in every conceivable manner. Colonel Grenfell, finding, as he afterwards expressed to me, that they had started upon him to kill him inch by inch, determined to attempt escape at all hazards, preferring, as he said, a watery grave to the indignities imposed upon him. Grenfell at this time had charge of the small garden lately made within the lnclosure of the fort. The major, on assuming command, relieved Grenfell from this duty, and placed the old man at the heaviest work that was to be done. Each day was productive of changes and each hange bred a worse condition. Finding persecution setting gradually In upon him more and more, Grenfell went cautiously to work with others and soon succeeded in making arrangements to escape. There was a soldier by the name of William Norrell who had received very harsh treatment and was anxious to desert. With this man Grenfell formed his plans. In combination with another soldier of tho same company. MADE BOLD ESCAPE. On the night of March 6, 1S6S, their plans were completed. Norrell was a sentinel on Post No. 2, guarding the small boats within the boom. At 10 o'clock at night he went on duty, and Grenfell, with three other prisoners, succeeded in eluding the sentinel within the fort, making their way to the northwesterly side,, letting themselves down through one of the portholes into the moat, thence to the breakwater wall, where they walked to the appointed rendezvous, arranging all the necessary articles of .food and water for their perilous undertaking. The night was pitch dark and a furious gale raged at the time, which had existed for six consecutive days. Never did men venture on a more perilous undertaking. The white-capped waves rose even within our sheltered harbor to fearful heights, but beyond in the gulf during the day they reached to mountain heights. The sentinel waited until 11 o'clock was called and then embarked with Grenfell and the others in a small boat picked out for the purpose, and soon with sail set fled from their ocean-bound home. No one as yet outside of my roommates and myself knew anything of it. The hour of 12 arrived, when the sentinel on post No. 1 cried out the hour. No sound came from post No. 2. No. 1 again cried out the hour, and yet no sound from post No. 2. The corporal, with a witness, advanced stealthily upon the post, expecting, no doubt, to find the sentinel asleep, a subject for court-martial. Behold his ) amazement when no sentinel could be found. He forthwith returned to the guardhouse, reported the fact to the sergeant, who in turn reported to the officer of the day. Soon there was a commotion all through the fort, men hurrying here and there in search of the missing man and then to the prisoners quarters In search, belns assured that an escape had taken place. After diligent search it was found that Grenfell and others were missing, and on looking into the boom they realized the means in accomplishing it. Norrell deserted his post, carrying his gun and equipment with him. Everything remained quiet during the remainder of the night, but the next morning the fort within was all bustle and preparation for pursuit. There was a steamer lying in the harbor at the time, the commander of which readily consented to go on the search, and about 8 o'clock she steamed out after the escaped party. After cruising nearly the entire day they failed to hear or see anything of the escaped party and the steamer returned mto the harbor again. To be Continued To-morrow. POLICY OF DREAD.

Germany Seems to Be Posinff as the World National Ilnlly. Buffalo Courier. The British Foreign Office has disclaimed, with a swiftness almost comical, the responsibility for the sinking 5f the Venezuelan ships off La Guayra. "It was my wicked partner." says the British government. In effect. It was the German forces that sank the ships, and yesterday's dispatches from Berlin indicated that the German Foreign Office hoped that the vessels had not been sunk. Apparently tfie German commander carried the "forward" policy too far. In any case. It Is apparent that a mistake was made. As the Hamilton Times asks, "Wasn't the sinking of the ships too much like bullying?" No one believed that those little Venezuelan warships could do serious damage to Venezuela's adversaries. They were sunk, not because they were dangerous, but to Inspire dread In Venezuela. And In carrying out this policy the German commander was merely obeying what he had good reason to consider the general policy of his country. The German empire has set out within the last few years to win respect for its flag and Its citizens abroad by enforcing a policy of dread. It did this In China in 1900. Only a few weeks ago a German warship sank a Haytlan rebel ship because it had interfered with a German ship, and now the German commander in Venezuela has sunk more ships belonging to a country with which his own Is net at war. A few lessons of this sort will instill a belief. In the smaller and backward nations, that Germans must be handled with care. But when the policy Is carried too far, as In the present case, there are inevitable drawbacks. One of these is seen In the reports of the strong dislike felt for Germans in Venezuela. Great Britain. In recent years, has been losing nome of her old reputation as a rutfler and bully of the sea; and too energetic German commanders app?ar to be fixing the name upon the young German empire. Women as Justices of the Pence. Ida H. Harper, in New York Sun. Two women were elected Justices of the peace In Wyoming last month. Dear, dear, how dreadful, and Just what might be expected when women are allowed to votesuch an unsexlng office, too! But on the other hand, there is Maine, which does not even allow school suffrage to women, and yet for years they have been eligible as Justices of the peace and fifteen are serving at this very time. MBJSSSSSBBaaSBBBSSBSBBBSSBBBaaBSBSBSSaSSSBBSSSSBBBSBBHaSBSSBBBSS How to Write a Christmas Story. Chicago Tribune. (Opinion formed after wading through the holiday magazines. Take any old story of any old time and place. Write "It was Christmas day" Just before the opening sentence, and at the end let the hero address dim space with the word: 'This la. Indeed, a merry Christmas for roe!"