Indianapolis Journal, Volume 52, Number 297, Indianapolis, Marion County, 24 October 1902 — Page 4

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL FRIDAY. OCTOBER 24. 1002.

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T!H!( ' 91 BS RIP" M DT C ABRIEB-13IDIAKAFOIJ at1 flt'BURBt. !...-. Sunday included. M cents p montn. L.1H. without Pun lav. e ceut ir uionin. i . it bout dally. CS V year, s. lo csj laily. 2 trnt. Sunday. S erat. f.V Atib.N'TS K KRTM HEREL ! i. I . r -m1c t (ot. v. mwW included, per ml. 1 Sunday, per imv. I rU. i. Y il.'.iL PUEPAID. laity r1ltlon. one year lrry am! Sunday. on y teut.Oay only, on yur... . 7.M . 2 M KKDI'CED RATES TO CMJ Weekly l.dltlon. rwiA atir rssTtsa vaär Five r'nu i er taonth for period than a year Nu subscription taken for Ma than tbre RKDtCED RATES TO CLUB. ary of our numer ua anti or end suliecrlptieu to JOURNAL NEWSPAPER COMPANY Indianapolis, lad. Persona endin; th Journal throih th mall In th rnitM htataa should put on an eight-page or a twlY-page. paper a 1-cent ataap; on a ttn. twenty or twenty-four-page tfP,'ri cent stamp. Foreign postage la usually doubia the rates. J . All communication Intended for publication In this papr Bwt. in order to reciv: attention be ompmnied by the name ur.J .ddr Of the writer. . Rejected manuscript will not be returned unless postage Is Inclosed for that purpose Entered a second-class matter at Indianapoll, Ind.. post office. THK m)IAMPOH8 JOl'RXAL Can ha found at the following places: NEW Y I'.K-Astor Ho CM ICACrU-Palmer House. P. a News Co ?tt lr' m street. Auditorium Annex liotea. Dearborn Station News Stand. CINCIXNATl-J. R. Mawley Ct., Arcada. 1VOUISVIL.LE C. T. Deerlng. no-thwest corner oX Third and Jefferson street. Uuisvlu Book i . . : . I jurth avenue, and Blanfeld Bros., 44West Maraet street BT. IvClIa Union New Company. Union Depot. WASHINGTON. D. C.-RIgg House, Ebbltt i' us-. Fairfax Hotel. Wlllard Hof I. DKNVKH. r T. -hnuthaln ft Jacrson, Fifteenth and Lawrence streets. DAYTN. O.-J. V. Wllkia, frostn Jefferson street. (' M Mnr.s o. Viaduct News E'tand. S4 High treat. Ex-President Tleveland's tolck-and-thln admirers will probably see nothing inconsistent in his 'jollying1' Tammany with a complimentary letter. The Cincinnati Enquirer has not had a word about Tom I Johnson's campaign in Ohio since he called Mr. MeL-an a coward and a. traitor. The silence is ominous. The Republican outlook la improving with the passing days because th news from over the State Indicates a purpose to get out the Republican vote the Whole of it. The Democratic candidate for Congress in this district assures an anxious correspondent that if elected he will vote and work for the repeal of the tariff on hides. Yes, If. ; David B. Hill's candidate Color desires to make speeches, but Mr. Hill thinks it unwise. Hereabout no Democrat is anxious to make speeches, chiefly because speakers desire listeners. There can be no doubt that I he going back of the miners to the anthracite mines is helping the Republican partv all over the country. Every industrial sln la a Republican ally. "Everybody. " declares tht enthusiastic headline maker, "is glad the strike is over." He did not realize that there are hundreds of politicians who regard the ending of the strike before Nov. 4 as a most unfortunate occurrence for Democratic tickets. Congress when It convenes should do something to check the influx of immigraft tl who are now coming at a rate that will, if it ontlni:es. reach SOP.OOO next year. This country can stand a great deal of such a thing, but there is a limit. The reading test should be applied. Those Democrats who a fw weeks ago were trying to make us beiiev that Mr . rstreet was neglecting the canvass In ; his own district now wish that he had kept out entirely. A more effective canvass was never made in thlM district than Mr. Overstrcet is making now. The morning calamity organ gloats over the fact that there are ony 392 building and loan associations in the State now as ' against 403 last year. Yet the assets of all ; the associations were $30.014O7 in 1902 as against 2,2P2,66X in 1901. Vhe search for evidences of declining prosperity is a fruitless one. Of the members who will constitute the next House of Representatives 283 mernbers of the present House ' have been renominated. This .-hows a growing tendency to renominate experienced members, which is a good thing, irrespective of politics. In this State twelve out of thi teen of the old members were renominated. The anti-Bryan manager:! will doubtless criticise Mr. Ralston for referring to Mr. Bryan, in a speech in Peru, aa "our matchless leader." but they should remember that after an orator has talked to a stone-dead audience for au hour he must be desperate enough to resort to any device to win applause. t he recalling of Mr. Bryan, who yet holds the first place in the hearts of th rural Democracy . To-day will b wi.itly observed In the public schools of Indiana as Arbor and Bird day. The prime obi. ct of the obf servance 15 to promose air.ng the young a higher interest in trees anil love for birds, and a very praiseworthy i bject It is. The tim has passed for trees t be regarded as cumberers of the earth and Mrds as fit prey for "devil slings" arwi other Juvenile weapons. The gospel of : modern science teaches that they both hc-d a distinct and ln.."Krtant place in the conomy of the t; ivcrse. and that, aside from aesthetic t-ui: l.:.T.t!or.s, thry haw iflKhts which men are bound to respect. The superintendent of public Instruction has prepared a manual for the schools suggest-ng a programme for the occasion, and It 111 probably be Qu tf generally observed. ' The decision made by .King Oscir. of Bweden. n the Samoa n onatter seems to have created a curious fdtuatlon. Washington dispatches intimate, that the United States will accept the finding as far as the claims against it are concerned and pay them without question afrer they shall have betn definitely aecet-tnlned. but that It Sil repudiate the flndfng In regard to the principle involved. Th claims will not fttnount to much, but this., government wi.l not accept the doctrine that It becomes liable for damage by interfering to pre-

vent the depredation of mobs or Insurrectionist and to protect life snd property against them. It has Interfered more than once for that purpose In Central American states, and will probably have to In the future. Great Britsln will probably Join with the Cnlted States in declining to accept King Oscar . finding on this point as final, and an appeal will probably be taken as soon as possible to The Hague arbitration tribunal in the expectation that it wii! overrule him.

SEWTOR H MEETINO. The Republican meeting in and about TomMnson Hall last night was such as has sometimes been seen the lust week of a presidential campaign. In numbers and enthusiasm the outpouring of people has no precedent in off years in this city. The large meetings during the fall of 194 In this city were not ?uch gatherings as that of last night. While- it has been evident during the past wek that the Republicans of Indianapolis were waking up to the importance of the election, the appearance of a great Republican leader whorhas won the esteem and confidence of the masses was necessary to bring out the multitudes that were in and about Tomlinson Hall. Such a man was Senator Hanna. and, although this ras his first appearance before the Republicans of this locality, he received the enthusiastic greeting which is reserved for favorites only, and prime favorites at that. Senator Hanna could not have received a more enthusiastic welcome than the spontaneous outburst which greeted his appearance last night. His speech was that of an earnest and practical man who speaks what he believes and what he believes to be important. The meeting will have a powerful effect upon the campaign, because the earnestness and enthusiasm of such an assemblage will be an Inspiration that will quick- n thousands of Republicans into activity. It solves whatever doubt there might have been regarding the purpose of the Republicans In this vicinity. It means a full vote. The tour through the State was all that the most sanguine could wish. At every station where the train stopped between Evansvilie and Indianapolis Immense crowds of enthusiastic Republicans and citizens generally awf.ited the arrival of tne party. The crowd at Evansville could only be counted by thousands. At Princeton, Vincennes. Washington, Elnora. Ianton, Teire Haute, Brazil and Greencastle Immense crowds of people greeted the great Republican leader with an enthusiastic welcome. Many thousand voters saw and listened to the speakers, and the hearty responses are a surety that they will go to the polls on election day. C1ET OUT THE VOTE. To get out the Republican vote should be the first thought of every earnest Republican in Indiana from now until the polls close. The Republican party has the votes to carry Indiana by a good plurality if the party goes to the polls. No matter what the alleged or proclaimed canvasses of the opposition show, the Republicans have the votes in Indiana to carry the State. It had them in 1894, in 1896, in 189, In 1900, and nothing has occurred the past two years that should lose the party half as many votes as it has won by its better policies and its wiser measures. There is no report of dissatisfaction among Republican voters. They have no doubts this year, as in the past, because more than was predicted in 1896 has come true. It can be safely said that nearly every man who voted with the Republicans in 1900 is so well disposed toward that party that he will vote the Republican ticket this year unless he is too much absorbed in Republican prosperity to take time to go to the polls. There Is danger that some Republicans will excuse themselves from voting on the ground that the Democrats are inactive and will not bring out the full party vote. The commanding officer who should decide to fight a battle with less than his entire army because it might come about that the enemy could not get his whole force upon the field. If not suspected of being a traitor to the cause Intrusted to him, would be a fit subject for court-martial. No Republican in Indiana has a right to assume that there will not be a full Democratic vote, even if lethargy prevails In the party. It Is the one State in which it is the imperative duty of Republicans to vote to the last man. The Journal does not appeal to the party organization, for that is doing its duty, but It does appeal to Its Republican readers, women as well as men, to do their utmost to Influence every Republican whom they can reach to vote. If they should put forth such an earnest effort as is within their power they could make it certain that thousands will vote who might not if not seen and talked with. There are hundreds of men whom no committee can reach on election day. but whom a neighbor or one connected In business can easily bring to the polls. Let us not excuse ourselves with the false pretext that it is an off year and the election is not important. Every election Is Important, and few can be more important than that of Nov. 4. For this reason the most earnest appeal is made to get out the Republican vote the full Republican vote. E DO OT (JET THE ftl jlt Americans sometimes do energetic work in the way of getting sick men to the polls or to legislative bodies where their votes are needed, but they have seldom equaled the work done to defeat the ratification of the treaty for the SÄlo of the Danish Wast Indies to the Cnlted States. The question has been pending in the Danish Parliament for several months, and ratification or rejection of the treaty had become a very live Issue. The final vote, taken on Wednesday, resulted in a tie. S: for to 32 against, and the motion to ralif,- the treaty was therefore lost. The dispatch says: The result of to-day's vote was doubtful until the last moment. One member had not taken a definite stand, and it was uncertain whether the two sick members would he able to attend. The ages of thesmen. Thygeson and Reben, are ninety-reven and eighty-seven years, respect ivelv. Bot; had been expected to die for several weeks past. Th- i were both bedridden at their homes. 150 miles from Copenhagen, but they were brought to the city. Prominent antitale political leaders were sent to transport them here The suffer rs, who were accompanied by physicians, were carried Int a saloon car which was rolled on to a ferry boat on which it crossed from Jutland. On thir arrival at Copenhagen th y wert? met by leading anti-sale men and were driven In carriages to a hotel. There the two old men were guarded and nursed over night and wer eventually carded to their i j a . w at & w s . M cuairs in me lanustning nail an hour before the meeting. Tht !. d a prompter on hand to assist them in voting The two old men voted nay. and but for them the treaty would have been ratified. It la doubtful it American politics could

furnish a more remarkable Instance of "hustling" for votes. The recent history of the ease Illustrates the old proverb that "there's many a slip."' etc. Tentative negotiations for the purchase of the Islands have been going on for nearly forty years, the proposition for the sale always coming from Denmark. Once a treaty for the purchase was concludsd, and the people of the islands voted in favor of the transfer, but the United States Senate declined to ratify the treaty. The new treaty was concluded last December, and has been ratified by the United States Senate. The lower branch of the Danish Parliament, the Folksthing. voted by a large majority In favor of ratification last March, and then -the opponents of the measure rallied a strong opposition to Its ratification by the upper house, the Landsthing. Numerously signed petitions were presented against ratification, and Queen Alexandra and the Empress dowager of Russia, daughters of the King of Denmark, were urged to Interfere on patriotic grounds against making merchandise of Danish soil. The King and the Ministry continued to favor the sale, while the people were divided. The question has been the leading subject of discussion in Denmark all summer, and public Interest was Intense. The dispatch says that at the final vote the public galleries were crowded and Crown Prince Frederick, all the ministers and many members of the disflomatic corps and members of the lower house were present. "The result of the vote." says the dispatch, "was greeted with mingled cheers and shouts of disapprobation." It has been understood from the beginning of the negotiation that the United States was willing to take the islands, paying Denmark's price for them, only in order to keep them from passing into possession of some European power. They would probably be useful to the United States for strategic and commercial purposes, but we do not need them. They have been a source of expense and of an annual deficit to Denmark, and that was the main reason given for offering to sell them. If Denmark concludes to retain the islands the people will expect the government to do something towards making them prosperous. After the failure of two treaties for the sale of the islands, once by the failure of the United States Senate to ratify and now by the failure of the Danish Senate to do so, both governments will probably be disinclined to renew the negotiations. If the Democratic managers are not making speeches they are up to the little tricks designed to deceive voters. In Henry county the Middletown Times says the Prohibition committee Is In consultation frequently with Democratic candidates, and that voters are solicited to sign pledgecards which commit the signers to vote the Prohibition ticket when 25,000 or 50,000 names are secured.' A few men may be deceived by such devices, but few should be when the pledges are signed by Democratic y.ecinct committees. They are simply decoys. Who Is to know when the 25.000 names are secured and when will they be showd to those interested? This pledgecard is simply a device of Prohibitionists and Democrats to lead off a few Republicans In an off year. Another trick is to persuade a class of voters to sign a receipt like the following, a facsimile of which the Spencer Journal publishes: Spencer. Ind.. Oct. 11, 1902. Received of F. E. Durcher $2; on condition of this and $3 I agree to vote the straight Democrat ticket on Nov. 4. 02, the Democrat poll clerk to make out my ballot. Signed ARCHIE CHAVERS. This is a scheme either to disfranchise voters or to hold a club over them In future years by threatening them with disfranchisement If they do not vote the Democratic ticket. This scheme was carried out in some counties In 1900, and quite' a number of voters have been disfranchised. The man who signed the foregoing receipt refunded the money snd got it back. It seems that if a party committee has entered into a conspiracy to induce men to sign such recelpfs they may be liable to prosecution. There is one idea in Senator Reveridge's Cincinnati speech It would be well for all Democratic and some Republican campaigners to heed. That idea, in effect, is that the appeals to passion and prejudice which were effective years ago are no longer ao, because of the growth of American intelligence. Wider Intelligence means greater liberality and consideration for the views of others. Years ago a circular charging- a candidate with some heinous offense would have influenced many voters, but to-day the average man looks to see If it is signed, and if it is not he rejects the charges on the ground that the person who does not back his words with his name is

a coward and a sneak. In the Thirteenth district a circular has been sent out attacking Mr. Brick's opponent on the J ground that he Is a Roman Catholic and If elected would be Influenced by the Pope. This circular is not signed. Those who have Issued It do not expect to prevent men from voting for the Democratic candidate, since the Republicans in the same territory nominated a Catholic for Congress. No intelligent man Is troubled about a candidate's religion. The circular has been made public to anger Catholics who are disposed to vote for Mr. Brick. It is safe to say that this circular is the work of demagogues who have not yet learned that the unsigned circular cannot affect the opinion of a sensible man. In four Southern States there are no Republican candidates for Congress this year. Georgia, with eleven members. Florida with three. Mississippi with eight and South Carolina with seven will have onesided elections. The Republ.cans have made no nominations in four of the ten districts In Tennessee and none in six of the sixteen districts in Texas. All of the States named would be the gainers if they j would tolerate freedom of opinion, fair elections and honest counts. THE tUMOEISTS. Another Matter. Philadelphia Inquirer. Oholly Me Mil foh clothes amounts to vah $l.o:o a reah. Charley But how much do they cost you? bunged His Mind. Detroit Free Press. Thought your dad wasn t going to send ro baek to college" "Tei. dad did kick at the expenee. but I threatened to stay st home and help run the business, and he decided college would be cheaper." Hidn't Want the Earthy Atlanta Constitution. "I wish you, pleas, sun. git me a ob es Janitor In de legialatur'." "Do you think it would pay you T" "I dunno. suh. bat 1 ain't bard ter satisfy. I

wouldn't ax no mo' dan whut de yuther legislators gits!"

His Pnj wlrlaa'a Eatlnante. Judge. Chclly Doctor. I want something for my head. Dr. firuffly My dear fellow. I wouldn't take It for a gift. Not What She Meant. London Punch. She t to returned warrior. enthnslatleally And I suppose you almost lived on horse beck out there He Well, yes; to vard the end of Ladysmitb we did. It makes rather decent soup. Already Cut. Chicago Record Hersld. "Why. Maude." he said. "I thought you told me you sat up till nearly morntng .reading thi magazine ?" "Yes. I did." she answered. "But none of the rages are cut." "You don't have tn mt thA nre to read about ( the corsets and bby food." Personal. Philadelphia Press. "Miss Oldun." said Mr. Gayboy, "are you very fond of sports?" "Well er really " stammered Miss Vera Oldun. "I suppose there's at least one sport you like more than any other." "This Is so sudden. Mr. Oayboy. You're the only real sport who ever called on me." IN VENEZUELA. Predatory Politicians Who Aspire to the Presidency and Paris. Hartford CouranL By this time President Castro, of Venezuela, may be dead, or a prisoner, or a fugitive. There la always the off chance, to be sure, that he has braced up gloriously his physical courage is undlapufed and smitten the environing revolutionists hip and thigh; but it's only an off chance. The end of his rope seemed pretty near at latest advices. Usually South American Presidents get away when the time comes and join their investments in foreign parts; but not always. If Castro gets away, it U supposed that he will be able to pay his hotel bills In the land of the stranger. The current report in Venezuela is that he has at least five millions of pesos a peso is about 3S eerlts nowadays salted away in the Bank of France; but this may be calumny, or at any rate exaggeration. It Is a fact that nearly all refugee Latin-American statesmen of the lirst rank who have made their native or adopted countries too hot for them are heard of presently in Paris, though now and then one stops over in New York. Not long ago Richard Harding Davis, who has visited Caracas once or twice, gave a humorous but essentially correct recipe for the making of a Venezuelan President. W are reminded of it by an article in the Independent, from the pen of a matter-of-fact German contributor, recently a resident of Venezuela and interested student of Venezuelan politics, Conrad Brandt. He was not at Caracas, but at the smaller town of San Cristobal, capital of the State of El Tachira. He saw a lively brush there between revoluttontfttf from Colombia and government troops before he came away. It made tne front ft the German drug store all splotchy with bullet holes. One of the personages who get a "write up" in Herr Brandt's article is General Carlos It. Galviras, who between revolutions runs a combined dry goods store, drug store and saloon In the handy-by Colombian town of San Jose de Cucuta. Of him we read: "This famous general had already invaded Venezuela several times with the announced Intention of becoming its President and of bettering the conditions in his beloved fatherland. As a matter of fact his invasions were only predatory excursions with the view ol filling the pockets of himself and his gang with any kind of coined metal and of carrying away anything of any value. This is the history of each of the many revolutions which have occurred and whicn are going to occur in Venezuela. One politician is jealous of another, arid as only one cah be President at a time the result is that a President is deposed every two or three years to make room for another. But two years are fully sufficient to enable one to scrape together enough money for a peaceful and happy life in Paris that paradise of all Venezuelan politicians." Before he went into politics Clpriano Castro earned his bread as salesman in a German business house of Sa. Cristobal. After he went into politics, he turned conspirator (of course), and got Into trouble with the government, and fled to Colombia. There he collected a bund of about fifty refugees, crossed the border once or twice, and became a generul. After that he "made road." as the French say, at a great rate. In 1K98 we find him back in Venezuela and Governor of the State of Los Andre. The next year he started a revolution and overturned President Andrade, who carried off the Venezuelan fleet with him in his flight Castro clamoring to the diplomatic corps to stop him and the corps explaining that It really couldn't. Castro, has not been a good President, even judged by Latin-American standards. Venezuela will be well rid of him. if his time is really up. His successor may be an improvement. Mr. Morgan's Motives. New York Letter in Philadelphia Press. Mr. Morgan's friends have for some time reported him as feeling keenly many of the attacks that have been made upon him. There has come to him. however, some solace In the knowledge that the abler men among the labor leaders and, on the whole, the great body of intelligent men who are members of the union, do not look upon him as a typical capitalistic enemy of labor, but regard him, if not in an entire spirit of friendship, nevertheless, without animosity. It was only because Mr. Mitchell had confidence In Mr. Morgan that It was possible to perfect the tentative negotiations out of which came the formal agreement. Only the other day Mr. Morgan, speaking to a friend, said that he had been severely criticised for the part he has taktn in perfecting industrial and commercial mergers, and especially for his promotion of the combination of the North Atlantic steamship line. But he said that his motiv es va re entirely misundei stood. He did that because he saw that something ot the kind was necessary if SUltlde or d -morallzation or utterly destructive competition were to be prevented and if the Cnlted States Is to be in a position to command its own domestic market and a fair share of the markets of the world. Not one of the operators Identified with this strike saw as clearly as Mr. Morgan did the inevitable ness of a compromise of some kind. One of them has not y t accepted it. And yet Mr. Morgan and other capitalists here are not at all clear as to the part capital will take, perhaps not In the immediate future, but by and by. in the production of those things that are necessaries of life or in the operation of public utilities. He would not be surprised if by and by It were discovered that capital Is gradually withdrawing from these undertakings, making It all the easier for the coming of that day when the g-ucrnment will. In fact and by law, and n t through voluntary and moral Influence exerted by the President, direct the great public utilities necessary for the well being and even life of the people. Satisfactory Experienee. Crawfordsvllle (Ind.) Journal. If every town has had the same experience with trusts as Crawfordsvllle they could well afford to rise up and call th- m blessed. It is well to recall occasionally a little local history. The wire trust bought our wire factory in 1S36 and closed It. But they paid a good stiff price for it and the money was distributed among the stockholders, who were all residents of Crawfordsville. As an immediate result a building boom was started, including the handsome Crawford Hotel. Later a part of the surplus money was put into the match factory and the new wire mill, each of which is larger than the old barbed wire factory and each of which operates in competition with one of the largest trusts In the country Not only do they operate but they flourish and to such an extent thst their stock is not on the market at any price. A Protest. Atlanta Constitution. A Georgia negro, on being told of the attempted lynching of n member of his race in the We?t. said: "What did he go dar fer? Why didn't he stay at home en be lynched whar he raise en bo nf

DEFINITION OF A TRUST

A CLEAR ÄETTISG FORTH OF THE CHARACTER OF THE IX9TITI TIOX. 1 The Term Not Applicable Only to Combinations of Capital, hnt Includes Labor lulona.

The Outlook. It is not. properly speaking, the trust, but the monopoly, to which the public objects. Both the object and the effect of the Standard Oil trust were to secure a monopoly of the oft-refining business. The same thing may be said of the sugar trust, the tobacco trust, the steel trust, and others less famous because not organized and conducted on so large a scale. The coal combine Is not technically a trust that is, the combination has not been effected by giving to trustees a majority of the stock of the companies which are combined in mining and carrying coal. But it is a monopoly; It is a combination of what were before competing corporations, and it was effected for the purpose of securing a monopoly in anthracite conl. 80 the Cnlted Mine Workers is not technically a trust, but it is, or Is endeavoring to be, a monopoly. That Is, It is an organization of local unions which were before more or less independent of one another, and it was effected for the purpose of controlling ail the skilled labor that is engaged tu raining anthracite coal. 1 The same principles apply to a combination of capitalists and to a combination of laborers, though the term trust is ordinarily used only to designate a combination of capitalists, not of laborers, and is technically used to designate a particular kind of capitalistic combination. But in popular discussion the term trust embodies the wider meaning. It is in this wider meaning that the Outlook uses the word. In answer to the question, what is a trust? we reply: Technically a trust is a particular form of capitalistic combinatfbn; in popular parlance a trust is any combination of capitalists or laborers organized tor the purpose or with the effect of securing a monopoly in any commodity or conve-nience by excluding competition, regulating if not limiting output, and determining if not enhancing prices. The capitalistic trust has created its monopoly in various ways. Sometimes it has sold Its goods below cost until its competing rival has been compelleld to abandon Its business. Sometimes It has refused to sell its goods to merchants who handled the gooas of a competitor, or it has givm especial rebates to merchants who handled only Its own goods, or It has secured, generally by underiiand means, special rebates from the railroads, enabling it to undersell Its competitors, or It has secured the absolute control of the article necessary to the welfare of the public, as the coal combine has secured the control of all the anthracite coal in the Cnited States, and thus has been able to exclude all competition from the field. THE LABORER S TRUST. The laborers' trust has also endeavored to create Its monopoly by various methodssometimes by securing a law limiting or excluding free competition, like the federal law forbidding the free Importation of contract labor, or the Pennsylvania law forbidding the employment of skilled labor In the mnes except by licensed miners who have had two years of apprenticeship in the State; sometimes by creating a public opinion among laborers themselves which operates to exclude the individual laborer from any trade in which labor is already organized; sometimes by boycotting any concerns which manufacture goods except by organized labor, or by sympathetic strikes against any concerns which handle goods made by other than organized labor; and, finally, by intimidation and open violence against Inoividual labor whvn It has ventured to enter info competition with the labor which is organized. That there are great ethical differences between these methods of excluding competition is palpable, but the object sought by all these methods is precisely the same namely, the exclusion of all competition, and thus the establishment of a practical monopoly. This answer prepares the way for the answer to the eiuestion, what is the evil of the trust? The trust is evil because it is a monopoly. It Is intolerable that any man, or any body of men, in a free country, should be permitted to control such necessaries to modern civilized life as oil, coal, beef, sugar, Hour, steel, transportation, intercommunication, and the like, whether their control is justly or unjustly, wisely Mr unwisely, exercised. There are many incidental evils in unregulated monopolies. They have corrupted government; oppressed, sometimes financially ruined, sometimes literally destroyed. Individual competitors; they have been curt and overbearing in their treatment of rivals, of partners, of the public; the capitalistic monopoly has demanded the disruption and destruction of the labor monopoly, that It may be able to control wages as well as prices; the labor monopoly has demanded the disruption and destruction of the capitalistic monopolies under the delusion that it can thus get all the profits of monopoly itself in other word.-, secure a monopoly of monopoly; in some cases, as at the present time, two monopolies have engaged in a life-and-death struggle and left the public to suffer, while they have either expressly or tacitly denied the right of the public to interfere; In other cases they have combined to make the monopoly more secure, and have divided the profits between themselves. But these are only the incidental evils of monopolies. A monopoly controlled by men regardless alike of public welfare and public opinion may infiict a greater immediate injury on the people than a monopoly controlled by men who are either wise enough or ju.-t enough to see that they cannot permanently advance their own interests by a policy which sacrifices the interests of the public. THE GREATEST EVIL. But the real evil of monopoly is Inherent, and exists whether the monopoly does well or does ill. It is the evil which inheres in all absolutism. Industrial absolutism is no better than ecclesiastical or political absolutism. It is no better and no worse when exercised by a labor organization than when exercised by a capitalistic organization. It Is no more defensible when It employs the machinery of law than when it puts law at open defiance; no better when It defies law by means of corrupting legislatures or courts than when it defies law by means of mob violence. Absolutism is bad alike to him who exercises It and to him who is subjected to it. The absolutism which determines the price or our food and our fuel is as fatal to freedom as the absolutism which determines the limits of our political liberty. A czar in the coal fields Is no more to be endured by a free people than a czar in the palace. A czar who determines unler what conditions wc may have the necessaries of life is not to be tolerated because he prescribes Just or even generous conditions; and he is not tolerable whether he secures his power to prescribe the conditions by an organization of capital, or by an organization of labor, or by a combination of the two organizations working together. In 1C23 the statute of monopolies was passed by the English Parliament, after half a century of agitation, it made all monopolies Illegal except such as might be granted by Parliament, cr such as were involved in patents for new Inventions Since that time the question whether moffopolles are allowable among a free people is not an open question In Anglo-Saxon communities. The fact that the monopoly Is secured, not by governmental prohibitions, but by capitalistic or labor combinations, does no make It any more endurable. The present eoal crisis simply emphasizes the protest of four centuries against permitting monopolies in a free country the anti-trust speeches of Mr. Roosevelt are simply a new expression of the inherited and ineradicable determination of the Anglo-Saxon people to be free in their Industrial, as In their political action and in their religious opinions. How to preserve and maintain this freedom is the question which now confronts us. It is more Important than the question how to get coal. If. spurred to its consideration by the dread of personal and Industrial disaster Inflicted by a coal famine, w rir. . the answer to this question and secure the freedom which we have carelessly been allowing to slip away from us. the prize will be worth all that it will cost. No one man is wise enough to answer the quea1 i

Hon. No one method will furnish a com

plete solatlon to the problem, it win ne solved only by many answers from many quarter?. THE REAL PROBLEM OF FUEL. It la the Art of t sing What We Have with Economy. New York Evening Post. Prof. Edward S. Morse, In his interesting book, "Glimpses of China and Chinese Homes." describes the fuel of the poor class of Chinese. Charcoal is used only by the well-to-do; for the poor a pile of straw and twigs laboriously gathered from the roadside represents the woodpile and coal-cellar of Western civilization; the cooking stoves and utensils are contrived to utilize every particle of heat emitted from the light material. "In our great country." declares Professor Morse, "with its long streaks of Oriental blindness and stupidity, is not enacting and enforcing proper laws for the preservation of the forests, it will not be many generations before able-bodied Americans will be seen picking up dead leaves ami dr.cd pods ah the road In order to cook their dinners. 1 his prediction has had startling verification in recent days, when the wealthy have teen sacrificing old shade trees, the poor of tais city carry. ng away the splinter and debris of the suuway construction, and a large portion of our Eastern population using various makeshift substitutes for the convenient anthracite. This recent experience confirms sensationally the truth luily realized by economists since Jeons. .and by acute observers like Pro feasor Morse, that the fuel supply of the world Is strictly limited, and the coal supply relatively near exhaustion. The lesson of economy enforced by our recent conditions of panic may easily be the most important teaching of the strike. European nations have already learned this lesson, and It Is instructive to recall that a coal famine in Europe, while It would cripple the great industries, would hardly touch the average household. Such general distress and potential panic as lately loomed before the American people could not be brought about In France, Italy or Germany by any conflict of mine owners and laborers. The European family Is not upon the Chinese basis of burning rubbish, but it observes the strictest conomy of fuel. Coal Is used only by the moneyed classes. The poor burn wood sparingly in the cities the old paving blocks are a valuable resource briquettes, compounded of coal dust (.generally wasted by u;-), pitch and clay; artificial and natural peat, and all theye in a great variety of conve nient and compact forms. They not only use in general wood and vegetable fibre, of which a constant natural supply may be expected, but they burn Just enough fuel to elo the nccersary cooking and heating, and no more. Reducing the case to terms of domestic economy. European housewives and servants are always making fires and letting them go out. while American housewives and servants are always keeping fires up. It is not to be expected that we should all at once attain that Italian dexterity by which three b,urnlng twigs under a pan are made to last precisely the making of an omelet or the cooking of a chop, nor cn we readily assume that German frugality which, in a climate quite as rigorous as our own, heats a room only moderately, and only when it is occupied. We are too near fire-worshiping ancestors who burned some cords of wood a week, and we are ourselves too habituated to overheated houses for these sensible economies. But In spite of this tradition of wastefulness, the failure of the anthracite supply has shown us unmistakably that these thrifty people are right and we are wrong. Our need has brought many who never before gave a thought to the subject of ihe old-world practice of burning fuel only when it was actually needed. The kitchen range, that devourer of coal, has been disused in many families in favor of the gmi or oil stove. It is to be hoped that the practicability of a system which lights a fire only when the food Is ready for cooking and puts out the Are when the cooking is done will commend It to many long after the coal famine is past. If the price of anthracite should be high through the winter, as Is likely, it might render us an indirect service in prolonging the experiments with substitutes for coal, and in teaching us to keep our houses at a temperature conducive to hardiness and health. The great possibility of reform lies In sparing domestic habits. When hard coal is $10 a ton or so, many will study the mysteries of their furnace and k'tchen range, and it will be found that with careful husbanding of heating and cooking fires from a quarter to a half of the fuel formerly consumed can be saved. Once this economical mind prevails, invention will come to the aid of thrift. Already manufacturers and chemists are studying briquettes and the coking of peat. It will be generally perceived that In thickly settled communities there is a tremendous economy in turning coal into gas for the common use over burning It Individually In ranges. This will put off the day that Jevons foresaw, when the coal supply will give out. The recent makeshift of burning kerosene oil upon porous bricks should open up the whole question so far treated chiefly from the railroad point of view of petroleum as domertlc fuel. Finally, great relief Is to be anticipated from the full utilization of water powers, Mdal and fluvial, for the production of electricity. We see only the beginnings of these possibilities, but in France there was recently held the second "white coal" convention, the white coal (houille blanche) being the poetical name for the Alpine glaciers, which are the great source of hydraulic and, vicariously, of electrical energy. The discussion at this meeting was conducted not by visionaries, but by shrewd manufacturers, who had a practical stake In the proposed transmission of heat and power. But such speculations are for the distant future: for the present It Is sufficient if we read the plain teaching of the strike, and realize that we are past the time of a pioneer profusion in flremaking. and that now a rational use of fuel must prevail, unless we prefer to learn by some still more bitter experience. CLEVELAND AND HIS PARTY. Reasons Why the Ex-President Is Not n Leader. New York Mail and Express. It may be true, as the Evening Post and j the Times assert, that no one is. better entitled to counsel the Democratic party than Grover Cleveland, but if such is the fact the proceedings of Democratic national and State conventions the past seven or eight years do not reveal it. So far as the ordinary mind can grasp the significance of those proceedings, they constitute an emphatic repudiation of Mr. Cleveland's leadership and counsel, and no one has yet denied that they voice the sentiment of the Democratic party. Of course, the Times and Post, as Mr. Cleveland's personal organs, persist in regarding him as the patron saint eif Democracy, but when Democratic primaries are held and Democratic platforms constructed the William J. Bryans, David B. Hills and Benjamin R. Tillmana arc found in nniiicnnll - - V ........ w . I , VIMHIUl of the party and In open antagonism to every poncy wun which Mr. Cleveland ever Identified himself. If we turn next from Democratic eonventi cratlc votes we find that each time Mr Bryan ran for President he polled almost a ' minion votes mor man Mr. Cleveland did SSI n In 1832, against what was then a demoralized Republican nartv It is a wide stretch of the Imagination. inereiort?. 10 regara Mr. Cleveland as bet ter nttea or as wen ntted as any other Democrat to counsel his party, and it is especially so when Mr. Cleveland talks of "lost opportunities." Few men ev. r had such an opportunity as that which Grover Cleveland enjoyed when he entered the White House on March 4. 1893, with his party In full control of every department of the national government. Yet no man. Democrat or Republican, ever separated himself from his party so quickly, bringing ruin on it. on himself and on his country as did this same Mr. Cleveland in the four years succeeding. The only Democratic President rince Buchanan's time left that office In 1857 with fewer followers in his own party than Buchanan had at the close of his term, and none outside of it. In the matter of opportunities, therefore. Mr. Cleveland, while a man of unusual experience. Is not to be regarded, we fear as the best fitted counselor for his party' Nor is he likely to be. Another Democrat party has sprung up from the wreck he made of the organization that twice elected him I'Mstdent. and among Its declared purposes we have observed none more fixed than to have nothing to do with Grover Cleveland. Indiana Falth-Cnre Decision. Atlanta Journal. For some years past there has been in some States quite an agitation over the question aa to whether persons claiming to heal by faith should be permitted to practice on patients and have control of them. A few days ago this question was

rouTO v inr 113 mo:nna M'h e n. r:.. : The Supreme 8tate has dec'sred that no ohr treating disease cr affliction prescribed by the r. , tirhed schools of mdlcJMsht ' Thfs decision has offended man lnt'lana. and some of them the I'nited State courts e,r. th " their eenat!trtional rights b " vaded. They claim that the conpassed upon their rellgp.u full excrcW of which they Are . a Inw which r.o fltat car? ir ci It Is very questionable whether sweeping decree as that of v'' y prerae Court can stand. It is ce the subject of a legal contest th tend to the highest court of th and there win be a r-h of . j, contentions on botii id :

m- 1 1 I a1 awk a a a. a 1 r la "AH-MEN" INSTEAD OF - Preacher's Pronunciation De Re.a for His Rrmmsl. CHICAGO, Oct. a.-A waistcoat button, lng to the throat, having the .t4f saying "ah-men' Ins, ad or these are some of the reasons why the Rer Charte Le Verne Roberts was comp . leave the pastorate of the Berwyr. ;.:h. odlst Church. One faetion. claiming ta represent a large majority of the membership of the church, hoped to re;gin The other faction, also claiming to be the majority. Is not sorry that he is to waxc The result is a church fight that threat, rj to disrupt the organization. Besides these Innovations. th young pastor, it is said, offered a short prayer ovar the cedlectlon made each Suin:.i when it was laid In front of the ssl it h also asked that the choir chant the Lor.1 prayer during the morning service. Hr are some of the other objections raised to him: He appeared on the street with g cane and a silk hat; his ciothes are from a fashionable tailor; he did not , visits to the members of his own . tg tion; and, last reason, oftereo gaf evening by one of the members of the church, he lacked spirituality. The trouble began six months ago. For some years the late Rev. J. V. Richards was the pastor of that church. At the tane of his death there were thre rsuafidstes f the position. The board of diretur. llf.K., that George Burwell. a North west ern 1 i veraity student, be invited to serve until tj conference should nest. Bishop McCabe believed that the church should have a paster who could At la entire time to the work of the church. The result was that the support. y well were disappointed and that UaSSS whs had urged that Mr. Robert should Is t were correspondingly gratirie.i The next Sunday the congregation saw a rmooth-faced, good-looking young man take his seat on the rostrum, and th-y noted that his waistcoat button. i alraosi ts his white lawn necktie. A few ssinutes later they heard him lead tb i-. pi. ig prar At the conclusion he said "ah-m. n. i . lore they had recovered from their turpi the chedr began the chant of it Lord a prayer. Then followed the coli For six months the new order of things proceeded. But the fae tion that Waj satlsfieei was waiting for the confi when new appointments were to I Meetings were held and many 01 th. board felt that Mr. Roberts should not l ret to Berwyn. Those who were supportii g him claim that they had no Idea bir t he would be sent back to them as a ma of course. Cntll the night before is pointments were to be published the . they did not know of an organic rt being made against their p;istr. Than they went to work, but it was too 1 . In place of Mr. Roberts the Re v. C. C Eovejoy. a preacher of the sM gehoal fr Mount Carmcl. III., was sent b pulpit. Mr. Roberts was assign 1 t . 1'. atonica, 111. AN ABSOLUTE TYRANNY. Anomalous Condition of Affairs la Southern Minen. Harper's Weekly. It has long been known that the rule of, the United Mine Workers Is absolut. 1 tyrannical. It Is supreme In th.- s f: U regions that Is, It is master of both employer and employe. It Is. fun: re, true that it does not trust its own met: notably in the matter of their dues. The practice of the union is to collect these dues from the owners of the mines. Th. union exacts of the miner that he give to his employer an order authorising him to pay to the union's officer a certain part of his monthly wages. Sometimes the union I not wait for an order, but. on special evasions, :n when .tssessments are levh d. :t goes elirectly t the employer an-1 Saanaj l that the dues assessed ahall be dedu ted from the monthly pay. This is frequently done without any consultation with the ssesi whose pay is about to be dock d The op ator makes the deduction, srhethsY the miner likes it or not. b'eause he knows that in the event of a refusal the galea will order a strike. Both he and th- anion know that they are safe, because the r : . of a miner to assent to the assessment result in a withdrawal of his "card, wl ik as that if he does not permit his union i.. take what it likes of his wages he will lose his means of livelihood. Thla ha been illustrated within the week on a large seai in the State of Alabama. The Tennesse- Company, engaged in the busier - of mining soft coal, has been in the habit of paying the dues of the United Mine Work- rs, other indebtedness of its m 11. from thi r monthly wages. It received, however, a written order from each ludlvldu. wise it refused to pay. A fe-w days ag Mr. Mitchell's association levied an as.- ssm on the union miners and lab Tennessee Company in aid of the strik- n of the anthracite region. The com s willing to pay this assessment for its u. provided the rravn gave it Up thority. A good many of the men. refused to sign an order, and. rosasaqiir ntlr. the company declined to pay tl. ;r .tments. Upon this, Mitchell etrdered a strike and the order was obeyed. The men ir against one another and the company The men who signed the orders strike l some of their fellow-workmen will not pay the assessment, and because, without t: express orders, the company refuses to pay out the money which belongs to these unwilling men. If, under the tht sg at snore the company did pay the assessment, m-n eould recover it at law. The n en who refused to pay are also striking. App they strike against the company on tne ground that it obeyed their own dir- tlons, and refused to dispose of their money trary to their own wishes. In reality, they strike through fear of the union. Cnrlona Southern Precedent. Nebraska State Journal. The judgment of Mr. Buchanan, of T xas, displayed In waiving his thirty days of preparation and having his hanging sa the spot was perhaps good. There were so many people around who were bent on executing that colored brother in an informal and improper manner, that he didn't care to take the chances. Bo, at h quest, the sheriff marched him frost I court room straight to the gallows at. 1 suspended him as the lawyers say "n pro tunc." It might have been a little Irregular to accept a waiver of the s .rt but it was so undeniably convenient for all concerned that probably the sheriff will sustained by the courts as well as by the people. But the Incident will go down in history as one of the curiosities of H uthern jurisprudence. More Sympathy Than Cash. Philadelphia Record. Plenty of cheers have been recie ! af the Boer generals at Paris and at Berlin, but little money. The 3,000.00) granted by the British government may be a small sum by comparison with the Isswe by the Boer fanners thr a ugh the devas tlon of war; the grant, how. 1 'I provide the heads of 30.000 families with fat apiece to make a new start in !.: the amount Is many hundred times greater than the total of th.- contribut; :s f continental Europe to the Boer r;il fund. Freneh Taxes and Thrift. Buffalo Express. The new French budget of t715.rW. means that additional taxes amounting ts 41.000,000 must be paid by the people. French finance la one of the reroarkabls features of European politics. France has one of the largest public debts in the world, y t it has great resources tn the thrift of its people. It would seem, however, that a halt must be called somewhere or a collapse will come which will overwhelm the country.