Indianapolis Journal, Volume 52, Number 22, Indianapolis, Marion County, 22 January 1902 — Page 7

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 22, 1902.

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WINTER IN THE ARCTIC i:yi:lyn imn..s ijamiyvix aviiiths or Tin: iim:ak .mikth. I'ooil nnl AVorL .Mletl to Carry Men Tliroimli nn Oppressive Muht of Sil .Months. Washington Letter. Only thoo who have venture! beyond the th'htUth r iralltl of latitude, writes Evelyn l!rIh'.L:s i; iMwin. cn have any idea of the c;mpkt r: i.-ol'ition of a polar expedition during th long . winter night. You, who may Lj sitting besido a rnrry grate fire when you read thl, have no fear of cold c.r hungir or any other ned of man, becaua' you are within reach of all of nature's great Ftorehou?fs of food, heat and comfort. Hut once you pasis above the iretic circle and neglect to return to civilization before the ice pack closes In, the truth I. crushed upon you heavily, If you are not possessed of sufficient supplies to ficht a .six months' night through to the dawn, seriously tven if you have everything an abundant foresight could Lave provided for a struggle which is too often fatal because of its terrible monotony of eeverc hardship. P'or a night in the polar regions is not an Idle thing, neither Is an attempt to reach the Vnd of the earth" a simple voyage, a camping and a steady march over a smooth Held of Ice. The stoutest hearts are chilled by the Ion?, desolate night, through all of which a world of ice groans and crackles. .And when the dawn comes there is only an encircling whiteness of snow about to dazzle the eyes and the breaking up of the vast expanse into chasms and iiinnacles of glistening ice mountains. It Is a harsh picture which you at home may sec something like that of the bleak chore of Norman's Woe. on which beats an ice-shrouded .-hip, with the two occupants frozen stiff to the mat. Hut Longfellow never lived beyond the Arctic circle, and those who may try to conjure up the terrors of the north forget that the polar region?, grim and terrible as they are, have no hardships too great to bo endured by those impelled by such motives as are the members of my party, and backed by such stores of supplies as guarantee our lives and ii. con.-ide ruble degree of comfort during our stay in the frozen north. Fur the IiaJdwln-Zlegler polar expedition prepared well we have tons of food for ourselves, the dois and the ponies, and our guns will add much to this store. No expedition has ever tone out with so complete an equipment. ONLY "WILD GAME THERE. Thcro are only two sources of supply for an Arctic party after navigation closes the cargo it has brought along and the wild game to be found on the ice pack. So an expedition in iearth of the north pol needs to .earch for little else. The food which 13 brought along must be the mainstay of life. Tho game, of course, is supplemental, but, because fresh meat la necessary to prevent scurvy among the members of the pirty. and also because the hunting Itself o.T:rs a means of diversion and recreation, this source of food supply becomes an important factor. On my previous trips to Frans Josef Land I had decided that the western coast of Alger island was a favorable feeding ground of the walrus. Here there are pUnty of mollusks and such other food as the walrus Is accustomed to dig up with his huge tusks. I considered It very fortunate, therefore, that our first Arctic camp was pitched oa the southwest coa-st of Alger island, and we had not been located there lone before the truth of my former surmises was proven. Large herds of walrus wrt- in the near neighborhood, tnd every man who could shoot a gun or hurl a harpoon had plenty tf sport during the day:; following our arrival there. When we were making our way up through the Islands of the Franz Josef group one day we had a slht that made our hearts glad. IUi?ht ahead of U3 was a herd of walrus, forty or fifty all told, diving and plunging their great black bodies alternately in and out of the water. Then they causht sight of us. but. though the sight of greater sea monsters may have been strange to them, our ships did not frighten them. We, on our part, were wary of venturing against them except In large force, for the walrus is ti fighter. In nine cases out of ten hunting the polar bear is about as much sport as shooting the family cow, but, if you happen to venture on a tenth case, beware! The mother bear will tight hard for her cubs, and if she gets within striking distance of her foe he has little chance of escape. With our modern guns there Is often a danger of overconfide nee. MOTHER HEAR AND CUBS. On one of our hunting trips there were three of us together when we sighted four bears, a mother and three cubs, comfng toward us together, and a single member of the tribe, perhaps the paternal ancestor, was not far away. We chanced to be on the lee side of them, and they did not scent us until we were quite close to them. "We opened firo upon the group, but only o:ie bullet took effect in the mother bear. For Fume reason Leffingwell's rifle missed fire, and had it not been for the quick work of 11 of us we could not have got out of th'- difficulty unharmed. The choice parts of the bear meat we kep for our own table; the gall, spiked with a bit of cognac, makes an excellent tonic, and the rest of the carcass is put away for the u?e of the dos. BesluVs bear nnd walrus we have captured a few seal, und some of the numbers of the Frithjof party have had some good duck shooting. The few other kinds of game are unimportant and of little value as food. To be sure, there are elder ducks and some small birds, as well a3 a variety of smaller animals, mollusks. etc., but most of these are to the south of our present winter camp. The two practical articles of food to be obtained outride of our own supplies are polar bear and walrus. liefore the Frithjof returned from Camp Zlegler, on Alger island, we had already stored away several tons cf walrus and bear meat from the hunting done on the way up, and this store will be increased as fast as may be. When our expedition sailed we took with us a supply of food large enough to keep our party of forty-two men alive for threo years. For the seven Siberian ponies we have enough hay and o its to keep them in good condition until we reach the northernmost camp, when they will be killed, each one yielding xi pounds of dog food. In addition, over li tons of dog food weie taken aboard at Tromsoe. Norway, to sustain our pick of canines. Now. all this supply will of itself be sullkient, we feel sure, to carry us to the pole and over the other side of the world down to the east coast of Greenland, where we shall find a further supply of food left by the IUlgica for our use. IJut ia case we shall not accomplish our first dash to the pole, let us see how we shall be tlxed. In the first place, we shall not luve taken all our supplies on the marchtons of food will be stored Sit different stations along the way r.s far as Jackson's old camji at Cape Flora. Then, If need be, the dog food, which includes pernmican, dried f.sh and i!g biscuit, is good tnoush for th human members of our party to eat. We fhall not be driven to the extremity of making the dog pack self-sustainin? through a process of entinK itstlf. nor shall we come to the limit of eating Arctic sauf;tg? ourselves. We have a large stoek of what would liav been Impossible luxurbs to any previous expedition of the kind. ritiM-i: iii-:miy's visit. Cordlnl Hint Splendid Wrlrnmr I red for the- Kahrr'n Ilrothrr. Memphis Commercial Apptal. The visit of Prince Henry of Germany to this country is an event of great importnr.ee, und th reception and entertainment to be given him oaht to be most cordial und fcplend'J. Flunktylsm is to be decried. for it is the attribute of an individual n basing? himself before another Individual. With the nee ti ki of ta nruny'a young prince it ts wholly different. He comes ia a manner representing bis country, and as next to Iru- higi;-T living inanif eytatl di of his country's ;-iiie.tl organization. 111.- mission H ind political, but sociul, yet la the social foinmirllng of peuple Is found tin alembic In which are solved many rumple political juustjona which, defy; ail the utta of diplo

macy. There are so many Germans by blood or birth In this country that the best of feeling should always exist between the two countries, and we may be assured that they will receive and entertain a prince of the fatherland or of the father's land in a style becoming his high dignity. The visit of Prince Henry ought to have a soothing effect on the delicate nerves of Senator Lodge, who has leen seeing in dreams and In virions of the head a bloody war with Germany over our attitude in South America, where the Monroe doctrine has been asserted so often of late. We are not to b considered as enemies of Germany, nor yet as rivals; we are co-oier-ating with that energetic and Intelligent nation In the grand task of development, of the spread of civilization and of the elevation of the hunnn race even unto the ends of the earth. We may under bid and under buy each other now and then, but this does not change the fact that we are engaged in the same world enterprise, and that whatever advantage one nation may gain over another is only temrorary and in no way retards the carrying on of the work. Should Emperor William conclude to visit this country he will do more to cement the bonds of friendship existing than will Prince Henry', but the later will do a great deal ana all that is necessary. ENGLISH "GO-EASYISM."

Tollers Do aa Little Work n Possible for the 3Ioney They Reeelve. Raltimore Sun. Trade unionism, as developed in England, dofs not find support or imitation in the United States, since our workers take kindly to machinery and put energy into their work. In England, It appears, if articles in the London Times on different trades can be truated, that the unions have gone mad, having an elaborate system of "ca canny," or go easy, the essence of which is that every workman shall do the least possible amount of work for a given wage, so as to leave work for others, and thus increase the number of employed. Men who work zealously are "called down" and made to restrict themselves to the average output. The result Is that many industries have become unprofitable and the trade in their products has f?one to Germany or the United States. Dealing with tho system as it affects railroads the Railroad Gazette says: "The flower of this idea is only found in shops where mechanical work is lone by men connected with old and thoroughly organized trade unions; where. In some cases, a man who could easily finish fifty brass castings in a day is bound by his agreement to finish only eight. Rut railroad employes appear to be good learners in this school. One energetic workman, while loading coal as fast as he could, was told by his mates that he 'mustn't work like that;' but he still kept on, and got a black eye. A station master who asked for more help at his station was told that he had as many porters as formerly and that the traffic had not grown; but he replied that 'the men won't work as they used to.' It appears that signalmen and other railroad employes who have had their hours reduced now devote their additional leisure to shoemaklne. gardening, plastering and other work, which, of course, may Interfere with the prospects of a livelihood formerly enjoyed by men who depend on these occupations for their daily bread." As these same men on migrating to the United States, work as hard and as many hours as Americans, tne cause or "ca cannyism in England is to be sought, perhaps, in the "slow" traditions and social organization of the old country, as well as the erroneous teaching of socialistic theorists. There is so little chance for a man to "rise" socially there that powerful incentive to extra exertion and exceptional earnings is wanting, whereas in this country the thrifty hard worker may attain almost any position. At present, however, employes as well as employers In England are beginning to "get a move on" them, in view of the Industrial ruin threatened by the continuance of the old ways. HOW LINCOLN AVAS SHOT. Facts Given by nn Actor Who Wus I resent. Philadelphia Special to St. Louis GlobeDemocrat. W. J. Ferguson, who played the servant in the cast of "The Rrixton Burglary" at the Auditorium last week. Is the only surviving actor in the cast of "Our American Cousin." that was playing in Ford's Theater. Washington, tho night President Lincoln was assassinated. Ills account of the tragedy differs in many details from others that have been printed. Mr. Ferguson said: "I was the call boy in the company. In those days theaters like Ford's played stock companies to traveling stars. It was too expensive to carry entire companies around as managers do nowadays. The night Lincoln was shot our 'walking gentleman,' as he was called, who was visiting in Philadelphia, missed his train. I was told to take his place in one scene. At the moment John Wilkes Booth fired -his fatal shot Laura Keene was standing by the prompt box, going over that scejie with me. We could see everything that was going on In the President's box. "Booth chose a moment when there was nobody In front of the stage and no one near the entrance but Miss Keene and myself. Booth kept his horse in a stable in the alley on which the stage door opens and had the run of the theater. There was nothing unusual in seeing him coma In during the performance. He was not acting at the time, but he came to our theater whenever he was in Washington. "Both had been around the theater during the day, and managed to put tome nails in a place behind the door in the President's box, through which he thrust a stick that acted as a barrier to those on the outside after he had fired the shot. As he Jumped from the box, after firing, his foot caught in the folds of an American flag that draped the box, and h fell on the stage with one knee bent. It was a jump of twelve feet. One of the men In the President's party graied him a he jumped, but Booth cut away the. tail of his coat with a knife he carried and got free. The man who tried to stop him was badly cut in the arm. The blood found In the box and on Miss Kene's dress came from that cut, and not from the wounded President. "Booth was up in an instant and walked rapidly between Miss Ketr.e and myself toward the stage door leading Into the alley. He did not utter a word, but carried the tloodstained blade upright In his left hand. In less than thirty seconds from the time he fired the shot he was in the street. I followed Booth and saw him knock down the man holding his little yellow mare and dash out of sight. I had seen him come to the stage door on that mar a score of times. He used to come and wait for John McCullough. "I followed the crowd to the boarding house across the street, where the President was carried. I had been constantly sent there on errands to members of our company, and was well known to the family. On one occasion when I was gent there, less than three weeks before the tragedy, I saw Booth smoking a pipo in the same bed in which Lincoln died." TRANSPORTATION' SYSTKM. An Important Factor in Strength of Industrial Position. Frank A. Vanderlip, in Scribner's Magazine. One of the Important factors In the strength of our industrial position is the unquestioned superiority of our transportation system. If one has fresh In mind the picture of our luxurious trains, mammoth engines, and. more Important still, our standard 50-ton freight cars, it makes the Europeans seem like amateurs in the science of transportation when we see their toy cars, small locomotives, and generallv slow-going administration. If one looked into the matter with the eyes of an expert. studying the unit of cost, the freight charges rer ton per mile, or the ml.eage rate for passenger service, and made comparative statistics of the tonnage of freight trains ami the cost of moving them, he would discover a startling lak of efficiency, both in Great Britain and on the continent. Perhaps it is not quite fair to make comparisons on the average cost of freight ier ton per mile- in America and in Kuropo, because the average haul 1 much shorter there, and terminal expenses of a haul are practlcallj the same, whatever Its length. The average charge per ton per mile on all American railroads for all claees of freight Is now les than threequarters of a cunt. If we take the statistics of the Eastern trunk lines alone that figure would be cut to about one-half cent per ton per mile. It compares with 2.4 in Great Britain. 2.2 in Franc, 1. in Germany, and 2.4 in Busala. One of the most remarkable illustrations of the failure of Kuropenn managers of industries to keep pace with the times is to be found In a comparison of the efficiency of their railroad with ours. Knglish railroads charge three times as much to move a ton of freight as it can b moved for in America. Kngttah railroad managers have failed to grasp the economies that are made possible by heavy traffic, by the. ue of engines of enormous capat ity, and freight cars that will cany fifty ton. But if the English railroads have failed to keep pare with ours, what can bo said of mart X tho cou-

tinental roads? Short trains, with pygmy freight car?, each car holding eight tons. make clear to any layman the handicap which high transportation charges have laid on industry all over Europe. OsssBhv'Ssass'saB-sMsssBSMSsasi--s-BaaMBaMS-SBMw-ssBSBO MAX AM) HHLIGION.

I)r. I. 'fiian -Mott on Individual find Ills Belief-.. Literary Digest. In his latest book, "The Rights of Man," Dr. Lyman Abbott undertakes to classify human rights and duties by principles of division that may be considered as practical rather than theoretical and abstract. He discusses rights in particular political rights, industrial rights, educational rights, j religious rights, etc. rather than rights in general "natural" and "artificial." In the discussion of religious rights he takes his most positive stand. He maintains that it is the right and the duty of every man to know God in his own way. apart from the methods for doing so laid down by church, or creed, or even in the Bible. Ha traces historically the growth of the doctrine that the state and church combined are to determine religious truth and to protect the community from religious error. Though Jesus Christ came preaching that the kingdom of heaven is a spiritual kingdom and would proceed by spiritual forces, the same absolute loyalty was required by Him in the new theocracy that had been required by Jehovah in the old theocracy. By the fifth or sixth century this new theocracy had become a hlerarchal organization, teaching a philosophy of religion, and requiring the same loyalty that the old Hebrew commonwealth had demanded. But it required loyalty, not to an Invisible king, but to a visible hierarchy and a visible creed. During the Middle Age3. while the church in the theory never inflicted penalties for heresy, leaving It to the state to protect the community from false doctrine, it did determine what is true and what is false. Such was the growth of the doctrine, which rests upon four postulates: (1) That the fundamental and pre-eminent need of humanity Is tho need of religious truth; (2) that there is a system of comprehensive truth which can be known, and every man ought to be enabled to larn it; (3) that If every individual is left to find out truth for himself, and to preach truth or error as he pleases, the foundations of accuracy and certitude in tho whole realm of religious teaching are destroyed; (4) that if the state has the power, It should punish the teacher of error. If not. the church should punish him by turning him out of its membership. Dr. Abbott then proceeds explicitly to repudiate this doctrine "in all Its parts." He writes: "1 deny that a knowledge of religious truth is the great desideratum of life. I deny that there is or can be any complete or comprehensive system of religious truth. I deny that there is or can be any organization which can furnish such a system of religious truth. And. therefore, of course, I deny that there can be any right, either In church or state, to punish, by either physi cal or moral penalty, the man who dissents 1 from the commonly received religious opinion." Nailing these theses of negation to the door of the modern church, this dissenter from established theology states affirmatively his view of religion: "What is religion? Max Müller defines it as 'such a perception of the manifestations of the Infinite as produces a moral Influence on the conduct and character of man.' The perception of the Infinite is not religion, that is theology; a recognition of the moral relation of man with his fellowman is not religion, that Is ethics; but such a perception as enlarges and enriches the moral life and conduct of man is religion." Dr. Abbott then. In the language of modern ethical thought, discusses the theme of "How to Know God:" The quest of humanity is after this perception of the Infinite. It is a quest, not after the truth about God, but after God himself. Knowing a man is not the same as knowing about a man. Knowing God Is not the same as knowing about God. The office of religion is not to tell men about God; it is to bring them into personal acquaintance with God; it is to bring them into a perception of the Infinite himself. Truth about God is some one else's perception of the Infinite. It is not the perception of a perception that is religion; it is the perception of God. It is not the understanding of what some one else says about Him; it is acquaintance with Him. Dr. Abbott accordingly declares that "the Bible cannot take the place of God. Faith in the Bible is not religion; faith in God is religion." Sc, too, he maintains that "faith In the church Is not religion." All that the church can do is to report the experience of men who have had religion. We quote again: "Acceptance of a creed Is not religion. The creed is something which the philosopher, more or less skillfully, has wrought out of the experiences of those who have perceived the Infinite. To perceive their prception is not religion. "This is not religion the personal perception of the Infinite. This is the quest of humanity not a complete knowledge, not a comprehensive system, but God himself nothing less than God himself." John Henry Newman is quoted to the effect that the difficulty in the way of using private judgment in forming or choosing a religion is that "private Judgment leads different minds in such diiferent directions." Dr. Abbott rejoins: "This is the glory of it the splendor of it! Send ten thousand men in different directions, each to look with his own eyes, feel with his own heart, realize in his own experience some aspect of the divine character, and they will bring back from their quest ten thousand manifestations of God, each that manifestation which he is capable of receiving." With characteristic catholicity Dr. Abbott thus gathers all the "seekers after God" Into the scope of his broad theology: "All creeds have some truth in them; no creeds have "all truth. In them. I am almost prepared to say that It would be safe to believe all the affirmations of all the creeds and to reject all their denials. Whenever a body of devout men have come saying, We have found this in the Infinite, their report Is presumptively true. Whenever they have come back saying, 'We have not found this, It does not in the least indicate that what they have not found may not be there." COSTLY LONDON CE LEHR ATI ONS. fortunes Spent in Entertnlnlng lloynlticft of All atlon. St. James Gazette. Exactly a quarter of a century ago the city fathers were welcoming another Prince of Walea from India, and it has been estimated that the 27,000 spent on the reception was twice the weight of King Edward in thore days. Years before the city had spent nearly as much In celebration of the Prince's wedding, 10,000 being the price of a necklace of which Queen Alexandra may well be proud even now that she has a crown. Far back in the sixties the Sultan came from Turkey, and the city spent itjX'O to make him happy for a single day. Sixteen thousand satisfied the Shah, and the Czar of Hussla was entertained the following year for only 13.0o0. What the city will spend next year the city only knows. The coronation of Queen Victoria, we may bo sure, Is no precedent, for in 1S37. when the Queen attended the lord mayor's banquet, the entertaining bill was hardly more than 8,000, and fourteen years later, when the Queen again visited the city, the cost of the visit to the corporation was less than 6.000. Queen Victoria's visits to the city, indeed, were the least costly of all the royal visIts to the lord mayor's kingdom. Thanksgiving day for the recovery of the Prince of Wales cost the city 13.0"0. and the 1SS7 jubilee celebrations accounted for an expenditure of nearly 12.000. Altogether the nine royal celebrations mentioned cost the city over 130.000 an average, to be exact, of M.S63 for each royal guest. Whether the city has made up Its mind to be more economical or not one does not know, but in our own time tho city has entertained the German Emperor, the Shah of Persia and the ICinjr of Denmark for an aggregate sum of less than S,0iO less than a third of the sum spent on welcoming the Sultan In 1S67. It would seem almost as If the corporation were returning to the simple ways of their fathers, who entertained George H at a cost of 37 13s and Kinj Victor Emmanuel for 1.33$. Born Fifty Years Too Lnte. Salt Lake Tribune. The Kentucky Daughters of the Confederacy, who are trying to suppress the play "Uncle Tom's Cabin." have their work cut out for them. They will probably find that their efforts give the managers of it a, new purchase on the people, whereby more dollars can be pried Into the box office. We used to hear a good deal in denunciation of "waving the bloody shirt" by Northern men, but how much better U It for Southern women to wave it? The idea that the play (or the book) is a "base libel on the South, and especially on the institution of slavery." smacks of hot-headed before-the-war foolishness; there is no place for such twaddle now. The person who would resent "a base libel on slavery" is living about fifty years too late in the world's chronology.

i FARM AND GAKDLN INTERESTS

The Western Lnml Hanger. Chicago Bonds and Mortgages. The great activity in transactions In farm lands continues with no abatement of prices. It Is one of the remarkable features of recent commercial development that land owners who a few years ago had not supposed themselves to be specially well favored in the world have suddenly found that the value of their holdings has been increased from CO to 50 per cent, and that they have been classed as the possessors of fortunes. The amount of money being placed in farm lands breaks all precedents. In other years farms have been sold very often that the money might be put at interest or used In some other enterprise, but now the sellers of high-priced lands in the older communities proceed at once to reinvest In cheaper lands in newei sections. In this way the aggregate of investments is enormous and the actual capital turned in this direction is so great as to put the agricultural interest more distinctly at the front In the United States than It fever was before. A perfect army of land-seekers has spread over the West and extended far to the South, and it seems now as if in a comparatively short time but little would remain of the available farm area that has not been included In the round-up of Investment. Just what return is to be received from this vast amount of money fcoing Into real estate may be a question of some doubt. Taking the chances of seasons and of great crops abroad into account with taxes and necessary expense of improvements many of these investments do not promise more than a small per cent. But at any rate capital eeems to be willing to take the risk and the rush and the high prices still continue. A prime reason for this unprecedented demand for lands is to be found in the greatly enhanced price of farm products within the past year or two. There is i conviction that the market for some of our staples, notably corn, must continue good for several years at least, owing to the demand for it in Lie production of meat and the steadily growing favor with which it h being received as a food product in European countries. The corn surplus that was once a source of concern Is as good as en gaged ahead at profitable prices for the near future. The demand for this product has in fact greatly increased while the area for its production cannot be very much enlarged. Another reason is to be found in the abundance of money in the country and the low interest rates. Large areas of the West that were once heavy borrowers have now become money lenders, and have trouble in finding interest-producing investments. Under such conditions the surplus naturally turns to land as a safe and sure thing. Yv bile it may not yield a bit return, it cannot fly away as other forms of riches often do. Another reason is the turn of the tide of population from city to country, owing to the Increased comforts and conveniences in a strictly agricultural lire, and the facility of communication between country and city. Still another reason possibly Is the centralization of manufacturing into a few hands, and the inclination of capital in the smaller cities and towns to venture in that direction. A few years ago talk of manufacturing establishments in many of the smaller cities was heard favorably where the suggestion now meets with litti encouragement. The idea has got abroa. that the great interests of this kind are controlled by a comparatively few corporations and that to operate outside of them is to take the risk of failure. Under such a fear men who once would have been willing to put money into local manufacturing concerns r.ow prefer real estate as a safer investment. This apprehension may not be fully justified in all cases, but its existence will help to account for the land boom just tho same. The result of it all seems to be hat this country is to be tne scene of agricultural aitiVul Vhe nüXt few ypars the like of which it has never known. An effort will be put forth to make the money that has gone into the. farm lands at high price yield a good return. To this end the old lands will be made to produce more than ever, and tne new areas that have hitherto done little or nothing will be brought t. yield abundant crops. The grand total of this production will be equal to all the needs of our rapidly-growing population and will supply the foreign demand and enter into the trade with our Island possessions. Indeed we seem all at once to have entered upon the agricultural possibilities of Amtnca, and to be about to compass in a few years what a little while back appeared as a dream of the distant future. 11 Profit In Iluirylnfr. Philadelphia Record. The work required on a dairy farm never ends. Lvery day and Sunday the dairyman must rise long before daylight in order to feed and milk his cows before starting off with his cans, and if he is progressive he will cool his milk as soon aa he leaves the stables. He must also begin milking early in the evening:, and he will seldom finish his work until long after dark. There is also the cleaning of the stalls, the preparing of the cut food, the handling of the manure and other details. The business Is such as to demand careful attention and incessant work. Tho dairyman might be well paid if he derived all of the profit, but such is not the case. The dealer who handles the milk must have a share of the profits, which depends upon circumstances. It is frequently the case that the farmer receives but 2 cents a quart for milk when the consumer is paying S cents per quart, although where the farmer serves the milk he secures all the profit but the bulk of the milk that is sent to the lTrge markets is from a distance, the middleman being a necessity. When all the facts are considered there is less profit In dairying than may be supposed, considering the labor involved, yet it is the dairy farmer wlio is the most successful a fact which is due to the labor he performs If the farmer devoted as much of his time and labor to his crops as to his dairy business he would lind larger profit in crops. One of the principal causes of loss to dairy farmers is that they do not employ the best cows. The large majority of them are content to fill their stalls with cows that produce milk below the average in quantity, especially if the cows are fresh, but they give but little heed to improvement. In fact, improvement is an impossibility on farms where the dairymen buy their fresh cows, and It is this system of buying fresh cows that causes diseases in herds. No farmer can rid his herd of abortion or tuberculosis as long as he goes on the market to procure fresh cows to replace those that dry off. The only way to secure larger yields Is to breed for better cows by keeping the heifer calves. This means that the farmer must first feed a calf until it becomes old enough to produce milk, and that Is just what they object to, as they consider the keeping of the calf to maturity as so much wasted time and labor. Lut If they will compare the value of the calf as a future producer with that of an unprofitable cow they will soon learn that but a few years will pass before their milk yields are doubled and ir.e cost of production greatly reduced. When the time required for a well-bred heifer calf to become a producer is considered It may be noticed that there Is not a great loss of time incurred in raising a calf. Some heifers come in before they are two years old. The sows, the ewes and even the barnyard fowls do not make such progress considering that the heifer Is much larger and requires more time to mature, while her product is much more valuable. It, therefore, requires with some breeds only two or three years to entirely change the characteristics of a herd, and every succeeding generation may be made better than the preceding by careful selection of the best dams. The scrub bull on the dairy farm has been the dairyman's curse in the past, and is a nuisance at the present day. More attention has been cafltd to his worthlesinc? than to any other animal, and farmers admit his faults, but they hold on to him and loee money every year because they will not banish him from his place on the farms. Dairying is a business that brings many farmers into strong competition. It Is not always the dealer or middleman who brings down prices, but overproduction of milk. It comes into the large cities by trnlnloads, and the amount ii enormous. Each farmer desires to sell his milk and is a. competitor to some other farmer. The one who has cows that can produce one or two quarts more per day than the cows of his neighbor will have an advantage, as he has greater production and correspondingly lower cost, and it is the farmer with the better cows who will stand market fluctuations while his neighbor is lßsing money. The solution of the dairy problem Is to refuse to buy fresh cows from any Bourct,

and raise well-bred heifer calves. Some farmers may claim that the plan is expensive, and so it will stem to one who is In the business for what he can make today, but the one who is looking Into the future, and who desires to increase his business and profit will find that the only possible and sure plan is to breed for his cows and breed for the best.

Work of One Farmer's AVife. New York Telegram. Two things I have been taught in my long farm life. One is that work never kills, and the other is that we must calculate work beforehand in order to save steps and do a great amount of work. I am fifty-eight years old. Have been on a farm all my life until a year ago, when we built a new house on one end of our farm, which opens on a public road and is retired from farm labor. My father was a farmer and a minister of the old school who believed in working for a living. I learned to milk when seven years old and always did my share while at home. I was sent to school, but at fourteen commenced to teach a district school on a third-grade license. I soon received a second and then the tirst grade. I boarded around. 1 was married at nineteen aud then my farm life began In earnest. We always kept a dairy, from twelve to fourteen head. When we were married we did not own a foot of land. My husband and I bought thirty acres the day after we were married, Jcining the old homestead of his people, with whom we lived. They owned fifty acres, but there was a mortgage of S3ÜO on that. We took care of them until they died, paid the mortgage, bought enough more to make us two hundred acres. We had a sugar orchard and made from three to fivo hundred pounds cf sugar and a great deal of syrup every year. We kept sheep and always worked up the wool, spun, wove and mado full cloth for men s ', wear and for flannel sheets. We knit our own socks and stockings. I would always rise In tho morning at 4 o'clock or 4:30, winter and summer, and have built my own lires, milked from four to eight cows, prepared the breakfast and had It at 6 o'clock. Until about ten years ago we made butter, and since then have sent it to a factory. I always did my own churning, and many are the books of poems, histories, stories and newspapers I have read through while churning. I am the mother of eight children, live of whom are living. The others died when small. The oldest living is thirty-six and the youngest is twelve. Three of them have graduated from high school and been a number of terms at an academy One has been for five years at Cornell University.. I have always done my own washing and weaving of carpets, as I have a large house and It is furnished with rag carpets. I make my own garden and have helped rake hay and husk corn. One fall alone I husked between five and six hundred busheis. I had one daughter and she was at home at that time, so I did no housework while husking, although I attended to the milk and butter, milked and got breakfast. One summer I plied up one I hundred cords of wood and did my own housework. You will say there was no can for this. We were married the first year of the civil war. In 1S63 my husband was drafted, paid his J300 and stayed at home. That had to be met in hard times for the farmer. Not many modern wives would think they could pull llax, cut corn, dig potatoes and do all things on a farm that we used to do. At this time I had a hired girl only a year and a half. We made our own table linen and toweling, spinning and weaving it, and our flannel dresses. I did not find much time to gossip with neighbors, but have been with the sick a great deal, and always went to church and Sunday-school and attended societies which belonged to the church. To-day I can walk a mile or more as quickly as any one. At the present time I have two old people to care for; one of them Is eighty-six and the other is eighty-three. There are five in our family, and I am doing all the work myself, and am going to take the teacher to board next year. So, you see, work does not kill, and there must have been some calculations to save steps. My husband says: "You helped earn and saved more than I did." The boys many times say: "If it had not been for your pushing and helping us to school, we never could have done so well." All this time I have kept up with the general reading of the day. I never counted my steps but once, and that was when I spun a skein of woolen yarn. I went a little over a mile. Three Nevr Fnrm Hands. Nebraska State Journal. In an address to the Kansas State Board of Agriculture, John Stahl, secretary of the Farmers' National Congress, told some striking things about "three new farm hands" that have recently made their appearance to facilitate the work of the agriculturist and to make farm life much less lonely than In the old days. The three new hands are the telephone, the rural free mail delivery and the country trolley. Some of the points made are well worth repeating: The farm telephone, Mr. Stahl said, has gone a long ways toward taking away the isolation and loneliness of country life. Northern Illinois is becoming covered with them. In some instances the farmers maintain their own systems and in ethers the toll lints running through the country are connected with farm houses along the line and the farmers are allowed the free use of them for $1.50 a month. It is a great convenience for a farmer to sit in his own house and talk to a friend miles away just as though he were within arm's reach. It saves him miles of travel. He can secure llp, engage his threshing machine and corn sheller. and do all sorts of things by telephone. When a tramp or a peddler or an agent appears in a neighborhood the news is sent on ahead of him by telephone and preparations are made for his reception. The rate In Chicago. Mr. Stahl said, were so high, $00 a year, that he could not afford a telephone, but the tenants on his farms could. He said he was out on his farm at one time and a casting on a maChine was broken. The tenant telephoned Into Chicago to the factory and the rural free delivery carrier the next morning brought the casting from the city and scarcely any time was lost. Mr. Stahl also gave an array of statistics concerning the good which rural free delivery has done the farmer and also made some predictions concerning the extension of troltey lines throug-h the country, advising the farmers to clve them a right of way along one side of the public highways. M Idvcn y Method of Grovrinfl- Tomatoes. Samuel A. Cook, in Orange Judd Farmer. As a grower of tomatoes for thirty years, I do not hesitate to say that until one has grown an acre or two after the midway method he does not suspect the possibilities of this plant. The plat for tomatoes, whether large or small, is checked off 3x3 feet and a stake firmly driven In at each check. Seeds of selected dwarf champion are sown in well-made cold frames about six weeks before the plants are wanted for setting out In the open ground. When the time arrives, three well-grown, stocky plants are set around ach stake In a triangle 12x12x12 Inches. Before the plants are set the soil has been well prepared with plow and harrow, roller If necessary, harrowing in, if necessary, plenty of a good ammoniated phosphate, with potash. The tomato does It bett in a soil well supplied with the mineral elements. The crop is pushed from the start with all necessary shallow cultivation, going through with the hoe once cr even three times. About the time th first fruit begins to set. the vines are encircled with a band of cloth or coar twine, drawing them slightly in to the stake. This band, placed twelve or fifteen Inches from the ground, ordinarily keeps the fruit from the earth. 1 split the stake on rainy days. They are made about three feet long. The aristocrat and champion are ideal kinds for growlnc in hills. Sometimes 1 have varied the plan a little by using two plants to the stake, one on each side, and having the rows twenty-eight or thirty inches apart. One acre grown in this manner will usually produce as much merchantable fruit as two acres In the ordinaryway. It is equally satisfactory also when only a few dozen or a few hundred plants are grown. Farm Notes. There Is no loss of any material that is applied to the soli If the ground is well prepared and ready for a crop, provided the soil is not too porous. Stable blankets save oats and keep the horees coats smooth. They are aluo as useful on the cow.-. Uran sacks may bt doubled and used for this purpose. Some one who has given the matter hl3 attention rinds, kfter carefully collecting ttim odHtlDffs of worms Aily for a si&ion, ever a given area. Unit they znaured over

I Which?

Wet l pans or itleat open p mossy tube, exposed to dirt and dustor tvorjc. mm buch HmcE Meat

M

Izeomfrtssed and sold in dainty, air-tight, water-procf cardboard cartons. Each ioc package is juicy, merity, fruity and wholesome and it trill make two LARGE pies or three rfcii pies, also Fruit Cake or Padding. Clean Honest Economical Beware of other" package goods insist on getting NooeSueh. If your grocer shculd not keep it, vre will tell you one that does. riERRELL-SOULE CO., Syracuse, N. Y.

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INDläHä

AN OUTLINE HISTORY And Description of the Capital of Indiana, with Over 300 Illustrations From Photographs Made Expressly for the Work

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'pHIS BOOK will be the most complete and valliable one on the subject ever published, and nothing will be omitted that will be necessary in chronicling the development of the city from the earliest times to the present. It will be especially designed to aid in forwarding the best interests of Indianapolis. SOLD ON SUBSCRIPTION. Cloth Binding, $3.

The Journal Newspaper Co.,

,Z.Tm a nuart to the square foot, or enough" to raise the surface of the land half an inch. An acre of land may contain six tons of worms. There Is always a larse amount of coarse material In the barnyard that has little or no plant food in it, especially if it has ben exposed. Such manure is not worth taklns to the field, and if turned under It will mako the soil dryer in summer. Such material should be made the foundation for a new heap, so as to rot It down to less bulk, and also to use It as absorbent matter for fresh manure. The percentage of fat In milk from a single cow may vary, one day giving different results from the next. In an experiment with a choice Jersey cow the milk was found to range from 4.45 per cent, to 5.38 per cent. A single test with a cow may, therefore, be of no value, as in the one case more milk would be required to make a pound of butter than In the other, as was shown in the variation in fat with the above experiment. For general feeding of colts during winter, the Village Farm, which keeps sev eral hundred trotting horses, uses one quart of dry winter wheat bran to three quarts of oats. This gives better results than four quarts of oats, as the animals eat the mixed feed more slowly and thus chew it better. Weaning colts are fed boiled oats twice a day, to which Is added one-third bran while they are hot. It is thoroughly mixed and allowed .o -stand an hour to cool before feeding. The raspberry and blackberry fields now require a cutting out before spring unless such work has been done. Feeble canes will not produce much fruit, and even the best canes will not yield choice fruit If the canes are too thick. The canes also require manure or fertilizer. Some blackberry litl.ls have done service for years without fertilizer, but If a Held Is given good cultivation and well supplied with plant food the increased yield and better quality of the fruit will make some of the unprofitable fields pay well. A good harness dressing is made as follows: Two quarts fish or ncatsfoot oil, one-half pound mutton tallow, one pint castor oil, one-half pound beeswax, onequarter pound Ivory black, one-quarttr pound rosin, on ounce burgundy pitch. Boil in an iron kettle over a slow fire for half an hour, stirring meanwhile. Then set off and after allowing It to settle for fifteen or twenty minutes, pour ofl slowly, leaving all the sediment In the kettle. When cool. It Is ready to use. The fish oil is said to prevent mice from gnawing the harness. A writer in the Orange Judd Farmer says: "Having had a great numLer of horses brought to me to shoot, I have been enabled to see more horses' teeth than most men, except veterinarians. I hav killed two, at least, which might have been useful a few years longer if they had had their teeth examined and the loose on extracted. In these cases teeth of the upper Jaw had projected below the level of the other grinders so that they had loosened the teeth on the under Jaw, causing th horse to refuse to eat hay. A little more attention and dental work would undoubtedly save some horses." White breeds of fowls are very popular with some because of being more easily bred true to eolor. The white Wyandottes and white Plymouth Rocks are popular white breeds, and to the Inexperienced cannot be dlstlnjrulshd from each other. The former has the rose comb and the latter the einjrle comb. They also differ somewhat in shape, and both breeds are what may be termed "medium" In Fiz They are excellent layers and als have yellow legs, which placM them in the lit of desirable marfcet fowl. Breeds with white plumage are more ea?lly dreed for market than other kinds, as the pin feathers do not uisflure the carcases. Motives of Mi arm. London Globe. The ca?e of a man who died from personal privation with 2.0 hoarded pounds within reach of his skeleton finders InSf lres & moralizing: mood concerning; the motives of misers. The one that strikes us 8S reachins the nearest to the truth Is the hypothesl of far fear of extreme poverty, to avoid which at some indefinite future time the miser faces all its consequences in the present. The gibe of the old laborer, who said to his master: " be a braver man than you Ik, for I durst pend my lat farden. and you durst-nt." Is quoted as affording the best hint of the real truth. When once the mind conctives the id, of possible poverty there lsi scarcely anythinf It "Will not do to avert tho bor

wmmm A .r1ian&s2fcnx 11 J OF POLL 3 v Indianapolis, Ind. Copj of Statement of the Condition OP TIIC MILWAUKEE Fire Insurance Co. On the 31st day of December, 1901 It is located at No. 442 and 444 Hast "Water street. In tho city of Milwaukee, Wis. WILLIAM L. JONES. Tresldent. H. A. NOLTE, Secretary. The. amount of Its capital Is JCOO.OOO.OO The amount of Its capital paid up U 200.&W.OO The Assets of the Company are as follows: Cash on hand and In bank f30.S21.75 Bends owned by the company, bearing interest at tho 'rate of 4. 4Vi and 8 per cent., secured as follows: United States government bonds, market value 13.SCO.00 South Side Elevated It. It. Co. bonds, market value CZ.021.1Q Milwaukee Ac Northern Ity Co. bonds, market value t3.000.00 Chicago. Milwaukee & St. Paul Ity Co. bonds, market value 34.8O0.O0 Union Faclnc It. It. Co. bonds, market value 10.MO.00 Milwaukee Light. Heat & Traction Co. bond?, market value 10.GOO.OQ Southern Railway Co. (Atlantic & Danville) bonds, market value 9.CO0.0O Loans on bonds and mortgages of real estate, worth double the amount for which the fame Is mortgaged, and free from any prior incumbrance ros ooo.oo Debts for premiums 13,71 vl'ö All other securities, interest due and accrued 2.007.12 Total assets J4C1.47C.C3 LIABILITIES. Ixses adjusted and not due J'i.&OS.Sl Losses unadjusted 19,jo0.bJ Losses In suspense, waiting for further proof 1.S50.00 Amount necessary to reinsure outstanding risks lCUSiO.CG Total liabilltlfs lS9,e7.23 The greatest amount In any one risk J5.OiJD.00 i State of Indiana, OfUce of Auditor of State. I, the undersigned, auditor of Ftate of tho State of Indiana, hereby certify that tho above is a correct copy of the statement of the condition of the above-mentioned company on the 31st day of Iecember, 1101. as shown by the original i-tatenunt, nnd that the said original statement is now on filo In this offle. In testimony whereof I hereunto subscribe my name and affix rny ofHSKAL.l clal seal this 20th day of January, larj. w. II. HART. Auditor of State. J. X. 13 31 Lombard Building:. rible contingency. Men In battle, aa our contemporary reminds us. have been known to shoot themsive In the dread fear of being shot by the advancing enemy. Fear in money matters, as in all other, paralyzes the Judgment and shakes the rMun. Misers ate pronatly in all other resp-ecti the pureit and mot mora.1 of men; thy are at any rate as rigorous In their fUfoetlclsm aji monk and friar. Iiut such is tho force f this vlco that it destroy by Its own strong arm all the higher emotions and aspirations of humanity, leaving Iw victim a miserable ar.4 ngative creature. Ucneath the contempt of his weaker brethren. Lnougk Said. Philadelphia Tma. Casddy Ol hear HanAgan called ys a lolar. Casey lit 213 10. Cassldy An phawt dld ys do? Casey I did, Piaaugatu