Indianapolis Journal, Volume 52, Number 4, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 January 1902 — Page 4

TUE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, SATURDAY, JANUARY 4, 1902.

THE DAILY .1 0 U RNA L SATURDAY, JANUARY 4. W2.

Telephone Call (Old nnil New.) Xbis!nes Of?:r....U:iH Editorial I!.iom!....S(J teiois of si list riptio. BT CAKIUKK -IXIJIANAI'UU.S and St'lIlT.BS. Daily, Sunday IrxLilrl, .') cents per mont'a. Daily. without Sunday, 4 cents p r month. SiiD'lay, without ially. t'2 ' -r ar. ifir.Kle oojW: Iiiiy, - cuts; Sunday, Z cents. ur aoknts klsi:whi:kl:. rv.tür. rr fk, 10 cent. lallr. siuri'lay incluVl. j-t wc-Jt, 13 cents, Suiiijay, per 1lu. j tnts. rtr mail, run pa id. Daily edition, cr.e year Daily an-1 Sun. lay. jr year tiundjr only. or. j-ar 2.f eul.ccld rates to clui;s. Weekly Cdltlon. On copy, or." yar ) cents Five cents per month fur it-riol lnn than a year. No subrtt rii tioa taken fur less than three months. REDUCED RATES TO CLUES. Subscriho with any rf our numerous agents or end subscription to the JOURNAL NEWSPAPER COMPANY, Indianapolis Ind. Ierson en!in(T the Journal through the malls In the United States fhuid put on an fltfht-page cr a tuelve-ra&e pa; .er a I-ont ftainp; on a sixteen, twenty o- twenty-four pa papt-r a 2-cent stamp. Foreign jo.itage Is usually Uouble these rates. All communications intended for publication In this paper must. In or-ier to receive attention, be accompani-d by the- name and address of the writer. Rejected manuscripts will r.ot be returned unless post? Is lncljv.-.! fur that purpose. Entered as second-clasa matter at Indianapolis, Ind.. rstolf!ce. thi: imm.wapoms joiiinal Can be found at the following: places: NEW YORK-Astcr House. CHICAGO Palmer House. P. O. News Co., 217 Dearborn street, Auditorium Annex Hotel. CINCINNATI J. It. Hawley &. Co.. lZi Vine street. LOUIS VI ELE-C. T. Reering, northwest corner of Third an-1 J.-fTerson streets, and Louisville Dook Co., Fourth avenue. ST. LOUIS Union News Company. Union Depot. WASHINGTON. D. C. Rlggs Ip-u?e. Ebbltt House. Fairfax Hotel. Willard Hotel. The reform In the classification of second-class mail matter "has come to stay," fays the President. Jle may be regarded as good authority. It Is iortunate for the new Cuban government that the Palma party will have a large majority in Congress and five out of sight Governors. It would have been a misfortune to, havo had the President and Congress opposed. It appears from the disaster which has overtaken the Evcrott-Moore syndicate, which had undertaken to operate all the lectrlc and telephone lines in northern Ohio and Michigan, that even in flush times money id needed to carry on extensive enterprises. Emperor William's request that President Koosevelt's daughter name the yacht now being built for the Emperor at Staten island was more than a mere act of courtesy. It was evidently intended as a compliment to the President and an assurance of friendly feeling for the American people. The Washington correspondent of the New York Times says the Republicans in Congress are opposed to reciprocity with Cuba. If this is true the majority of the tnore prominent Republican papers and Republicans In Congress- are not In accord. It is possible the correspondent is mistaken. At a farewell reception given Hon. Henry C Payne prior to his departure for Washington several thousand citizens of Milwaukee, Irrespective of party, attended to give him a parting word and handclasp. There Is no better te3t of a man's character than the esteem of hi3 neighbors, and Mr. Payne evidently has that. The Chicago Chronicle is indignant because the President shook hands with the people who called on him on New Year's day. It declares that the country is disgusted because he did not put an end to the idiotic and vulgar practice. It i3 feared the Chronicle is deceived as to the prevalence of the disgust of hand-shaking by the President. Mr.-Relmont, the Democratic candidate for Congress In a district made up of a suburb of New York city and of Long island, does not live, in the district, owns no property in it, and cannot vote for himself. Furthermore, he has not voted in the precinct in which he lives for years, but he has a very large bank account and has beaten Mr. Croker. The investigation which the Interstatecommerce Commission has decided to make Into railroad consolidations and "communt ity of interest" schemes promises to be very Important. Hundreds of witnesses will be examined. Including leading railway promoters and owners and Eastern financiers, and the whole question will be thoroughly aired. The investigation is expected to begin in Chicago next Wednesday. The Chicago Tribune announces that there were 101 lynchings during 1001, or fourteen fewer than in 1900 a decline believed to be due to the agitation against that form of murder. Of the victims seventy-six were negroes, twenty-three were whites, one was an Indian and one a Chinaman. During the last twenty years there were lynchings. of which thirty-six were in Indiana the largest number In any Northern State. It appears from the report of Governor Hunt, of Porto Rico, that unusual prosperity has come to that Island, where, two years ago, the conditions were almost hopeless. Peace prevails, and the Industries of the k-land are prosperous. Thousands of children are attending public Schools, and the revenues of the Isand will meet the expenditures of the government. This is the result of the so-called colonial policy of the Republican party. The New York Chamber of Commerce has adopted resolutions disapproving the notion taken by the reciprocity convention recently held at Washington "as subversive of all attempts to bring about closer trade relations with our sister nations and to open new and widir markets for our products." and also ",n likely to invite hostile legislation on the part of the other nations against this country, to the great detriment its commercial interests." This I a business men's view of reciprocity without regard to particular protected interests. That was a very mean trick of the opponents of the Hon. W. H. Eichhorn in the Eighth district contention in Bluff ton on Thursday. Mr. Eichhorn doubtUss had convinced himself that while Democratic managers might play sharp tricks upon Republicans they would not b-. guilty of dishonest practice toward a leader of the

prominence of himself. Therefore, when the managers of his party in his own district. In order to defeat him. in a meeting held in his own city, called the convention to order two hours before the expected time and before a considerable part of the delegates had arrived, the mind of Mr. Eichhorn must have been swept with varied emotions. Mr. Eichhorn is a leader of state reputation. In the Legislature of 1'9 he was recognized not only as the leader of his party in the House, but as one of the ablest men in the body. There are men who belbve he in better than his party. That may be the reason of his defeat, for if there is one thing which the average Democrat dislikes in a leader It Is that he: gives the Impression that he Is better than his party. While Mr. Eichhorn was in the Legislature he and other Democrats declared themselves hostile to the Sentinel because it gave them some good advice regarding the county reform legislation, which they did not heed. It is possible that Mr. Eichhorn was In that coterie of Democrats that gave

out the report of a movement to establish another Democratic paper, so that it Is not impossible that Mr. Eichhorn was rejected because of his former hostility to the Sentinel and of Mr. Morss's senatorial aspirations. It may be added that Hon. Hugh Dougherty, who is Mr. Eichhorn fellow-townsman, was not in mourning because of the disaster which overtook the brilliant leader in the Eighth district. CI' IIA AMI 1 1 Hit FIRST I'llKSinHXT. As the hour approaches for Cuban independence to begin American Interest in the attempt at self-government will increase. The new republic is entirely the result of American labors, and there is every reason why Americans should desire its success. Its course will be watched with interest by the rest of the world because it is the latest and youngest addition to the family of nations, the first born of the twentieth century, and because it will furnish a new test of the capacity of the Latin races for self-government. Rut the course of the new government will have peculiar interest for Americans because they fought a war for the express purpose of making it possible and have spent a vast amount of money in establishing it. History furnishes no parallel to the disinterested labors of the United States' in this regard, nor has there ever been anything to compare with the beneficial results accomplished thus far. The future success of the government will be In a sense a test of the wisdom of the Cuban policy of the United States during the last three years. If the government fails it will be almost equivalent to a failure of our policy, and a vast amount of wellmeant labor will have been wasted. If it succeeds it will be one of the greatest triumphs for American statesmanship ever recorded. The Journal has already commented on the apathy shown by the Cubans in the first election as a discouraging sign, yet there Is reason to believe that the result of the election, as far as President is concerned, is a happy one. Gen. T. Estrada Palma Is probably the best man that could have been ehoren for the office. A native of Cuba, though of pure Spanish descent and educated in Spain, he combines characteristics that ought to suit the mixed races of the island. From an American point of view one of the best things about him is that by long residence in this country he has become thoroughly imbued with American ideas. He has lived nearly twenty years at Central Valley, N. Y., and five of his six children were born there. He is described as a modest and retiring man, and his speech Indicates as much, for he says political preferment and office were furthest from his thoughts, and that he would rather have been left In his home than have been drafted into public service. So Washington was called from Mount Vernon after his supposed permanent retirement from public service to become the first President of another republic, and consented reluctantly, as he said, "In the evening of life to exchange a peaceful abode for an ocean of difficulties." This Is what General Palma will do. He will be confronted by greater difficulties than those Which beset Washington, and will have a very different people to deal with. Rut he will have one advantage that Washington did not have in the light of a century of successful experience in selfgovernment by a neighboring people, and his long residence in this country should enable him to profit by it. General Palma has sometimes been called "the Washington of Cuba," and there is every reason why Americans should hope he may prove so. His avowed friendship for the United States may prove an important factor in the successful establishment of the new government and the future prosperity of the people. As the first President of the new republic he will have much to do with giving the government an auspicious start and Cuba a respectable place in the fam ily of nations. MISSING THE POINT. The Sentinel tries to make a point against the administration by insisting that the Monroe doctrine should be applied in the German-Venezuelan controversy. This is in the spirit of the mischievous dispatches recently sent out from Washington and wired to Rerlin, trying to create bad blood between the United States and Germany. There is no occasion for bad blood, and the Monroe doctrine does not apply to the German-Venezuelan case. The Intervention of the United States against tho French invasion of Mexico and In the British-Venezuelan boundary dispute is not a precedent for the present controvery between Germany and Venezuela. In both of the former cases the question of the spoliation and acquisition of territory was involved, while in the present case it is not. In the case of Mexico European powers proposed to appropriate the entire country, and in the other case England, under the pretense of a boundary dispute, was going to extend her sovereignty over new territory. Secretary Olney said in that case: "Though the dispute relates to a boundary line. yet. as it is between states, it necessarily involves political control to be lost by one party and gained by the other." In the GermanVenezuelan controversy there is no question of political control Involved. Again, Secretary Olney said the Monroe doctrine was "that no European power or combination of European powers shall forcibly deprive an American state of the right and power of self-government and of shaping for itself its own political fortunes and destinies." Germany is not threatening to Interfere with Venezuela's right of self-government and does not propose to shape its political fortunes or destinies in the slightest decree. She simply proposes to enforce pay-

ment of a debt. President Roosevelt has made it very clear that this is not a case for the application of the Monroe doctrine, and by so doing he has rendered a'public service which should be acknowledged by all Americans who place patriotism above partisanship. The statement that "To-day both England and Germany are working to overthrow the existing government in Venezuela" Is not supported by any evidence and is of a piece with the false dispatches recently sent out from Washington. The existing government in Venezuela is an unconstitutional and revolutionary one, but neither Germany nor England is meddling with it.

William J. Bryan, former boy orator and leader of the 16-to-l party, and now editor cf a weekly paper which organs his personal views on matters and things in general, condemns the appointment of Governor Shaw as secretary of the treasury. He says the Governor was "an ultra-gold man," that he is "a friend of corporations," and that "with him at the head of the Nation's finances, ordinary everyday people, who make their living by labor, will receive little consideration." All this is but a repetition of the mournful howls and dismal prophecies made by Mr. Bryan in the last two campaigns. Governor Shaw is the kind of man the people have decided they want at the head of the Nation's f.nances. T5e report of the secretary of the Board of State Charities shows that the jail system of Indian, is subject to flagrant abuses. Some of these abuses are, the report says, inherited or borrowed from the old English jail system, while others are the outgrowth of lax laws, bad management and the application of the spoils or money-making system to jail administration. The' report says, and probably truly, that the jail system is no worse in Indiana than in a number of other States, but that is no excuse for a system that permits many jails to become "a disgrace to the counties which permit them and to the State." The evils and abuses particularized in the report will be hard to reform, but unquestionably reform Is needed. As the authority to issue saloon licenses is lodged in the County Commissioners, and as no saloon can legally do business without the license of the commissioners, the permitting of persons to open saloons under an ordinance of the city Is not defensible. The Journal criticised the practice under the Taggart administration, and it can see no difference now. There is not such a shortage of saloons In this city that it is necessary that a man should open shop before he has the license required by the laws of the State. The ordinance passed during the Sullivan administration, which practically nullified the law oT the State, should be repealed. The bank clearings for the whole country this week total $2,093,613,162, a decrease of 9.4 per cent, over the corresponding week last year. There is a falling off In some of the leading cities, notably New York, 13.2 per cent.; Boston, 13.7; Philadelphia, 7.9; St. Louis, 6.5; Baltimore, 12.5; San Francisco, 6.8; Cincinnati, 4.7. In marked contrast is the gain at Indianapolis, which is 49.5 per cent, on a total of $.170,26S. THE HUMORISTS. Just So. Tuck. Little Zimri raw, what Is a country seat? Farmer Buekovcr It's where a rich city man has gone 'way back and sat down. Malicious Exposure. Detroit Free Press. Kmeline How I. should love to overhear the conversation of several highly intellectual men. Edgar Pooh! I've been with tVm; they always begin on books, but soon get to talking about something good to eat. Coming: to the Point. Philadelphia I'ress. Mr. Orojcan What a power o funerals they do be havin at the church these days. Shure, it's shtarted me thinking. Miss Casey Think in av what? Mr. Grogan That whin it come tolme fur my funeral wovld you be the widdy? The Mnln Point. Brooklyn Life. Mrs. Gatterson You will come to dinner, anyway. Mr. Tutter, will you not? Though I am afraid there will not be many interesting people present. Tutter (gallantly) What difference does that make? One Is "always sure of a good square meal at your house. The Revenge That Failed. Brooklyn Eagle. Crittenden I sent one of my wife's old skirts to the rummage rale Just to get even with her for sending my second best trousers there. Vermilye Well? Crittenden (disgustedly) Well, she is tickled to death! She says now I will have to buy her a new one! AYlllle' Money. rittshurg Rulletin. Willie swallowed a per.ny, and his mother was In a state of much alarm. "Helen," she called to her sister In the next room, "send for a doctor; Willie has swallowed a penny." The terrified boy looked up imploringly. "No, mamma," he interposed, "send for the minister." "The minister!" exclaimed the mother. "Yes, because para says our minister can get money out of anybody." SHE IS NOT AFRAID. Southern Commendation of (he Spirit of Mr. L. M. Shan-. Atlanta Constitution. Mrs. Shaw, wife of the new Cabinet mem ber, is going to be heard from during her husband's term in office. She has been telling the newspaper correspondents what she thinks, and it may be said for her that she "thinks In a straight line." She has let it be known that Governor Shaw did not agree to accept the treasury portfolio until he had consulted her, and when the Gover nor said he did not want to go anywhere nis wue ana ennaren could not go with honor and comfort, Mrs. Shaw says she realized it was too great an honor to de cline, and so decided he should acceot. Governor Shaw is said to be worth but J350.ÜU0, and when Mrs. Shaw was told that Secretary Gage spent JloO.OOO more than his salary, she said: "I've always done my best wherever I've been, and I'm not at all frightened. I know they say Mr. Gage spent Jiuu.uuu more than his salary, owing to the demands of so olety, but that seems to me needless and a trifle foolish. Mr. Shaw told me Senator Allison assured him we would be able to go out in society all that is necessary on tö.OuO a year more than his salary, and I guess maybe we can stand that for a few years. I don't want to make Mr. Shaw hard up, and 1 shall not, but you know I've always borne my share of society work. and l expect I hall in Washington. They say it nearly wrecKea .Mrs. uage s health, but I shall not be alarmed on that account, as rm so well ana strong. That is the way for a woman to talk The chances are that Governor Shaw owes as mucn of his success to his wife as he owes to his own abilities. She must be a regular steam tug of energy. There is noth ing that boostc a man along in this world more thfn a loyal, sensible wife who "is not at all frightened," who is ready to do the best she can. who cheers him on. and when opportunity oners tens nim to "go la and win.

THE "BULL DOG OF APIA"

"DICK" LEAHY, "WHO COMMANDED THE ADAMS IX 1S.NS. Death of the FI rut (iovernor of Ciinm Recall n Stirring Incident In American Naval History. St. Paul Pioneer Press. The recent death of Richard P. Leary, captain In the United States navy, recalls vividly the part he acted In the stirring events which so nearly involved the United States in a war with the German empire in 1SS3. The story of that affair Is graphicallytold by Franklin Matthews in a number of Harper's Round Table. Captain Leary's administration of affairs while acting as the first governor of the Island of Guam is of too recent date to iequire mention In detail. With this affair In the far-away Samoan group, however, the general public is not so well Informed. Mr. Matthews says: It is a story the full details of which have never been made known, and one that should make American blood tingle with pride. The story reveals the heroism of one of our naval officers who has always refused to exalt his part of the work, saying he merely did his duty; he did not hesi tate, even if war with Germany should result, to uphold the honor of our flag, and to protect women and children, and the sick and infirm in the name of humanity. That man was Commander Richard P. Leary, of our navy, and the incidents that led up to his action happened at and near the harbor of Apia, in the beautiful Samoan islands. Tine and again have I and other writers asked Leary to tell about it, and time and again he has resolutely refused, saying that the sense of having done his duty was all the reward he wanted. Consequently, I have been forced to go to the public records and to some of the men who were in Samoa at the time to get the details of a long series of acts which resulted one day in an American man-of-war and a German man-of-war lying side by side a short distance outside of Apia harbor, each cleared for action, and war between our country and that country depending upon whether the captain of the German ship should fire upon some native forts on the mainland. Such shots would have gone over the deck of the Adams, which Leary commanded, and he practically, although not literally, sent word to tne uerman commander that the first shot on the native forts would be answered by a oroaasiae rrom American guns. After almost an entire day of intense excitement on board both shioS and on the mainland the German commander yielded went back into port and a grave crisis in our history was safely passed, because of the patriotism and pluck of one of our naval officers, who to this day refuses to talk about it. To understand the story fully, we must go into the causes of the trouble. The Samoan, or Navigator islands, have alwavs been nn ob ject of envy by nations which are known as "land grabbers. The desire of the Germans to control of those Islands had caused most of the troubles of the Samoans in recent years. It was the old desire for monev and property over again. The United States had long recognized the Samoans as a civilized reople, and had made a treaty with them. In time Germany and England united with us in a joint treaty with the Samoans for their nrotectl on and development. German residents there wanted control of trade, and stirred up a reoeiuon against tne nigh chief, or Kln Malletoa. They took the ide of Tamasese, a pretender to the throne. On a pretext that property belonging to Germanysome pigs and some ocoanuts had been stolen by Malietoa's men. they declared war against him. and finally made him give himself up to them to save his people from slaughter. He was deported to Africa, and later to Germany. The Samoans would not have Tamasese ror King, and practically the entire nation rallied around Mataafa. who succeeded Malletoa. CIVIL WAR CAUSED. There was now a civil war between the two factions. The Americans did not take sides, except to refuse to acknowl edge Tamasese as king. The Germans did take sides, notwithstanding the treaty of neutrality. They bombarded villages on this and that excuse; they fired on un armed natives in boats; they gave aid openly to Tamasese; they assumed an air of possession of the Islands. Now. it must not be supposed that all this was done with the full approvement of the German government, because the Ger mans in time brought back Malietoa, and since then they have recalled the one man who stirred up most of the trouble. in speaking, therefore, of the matter, ut it be understood that we have strict ref erence to tnose Germans alone who were in Samoa. There was constant friction between the Americans and Germans in Apia, and many let'ers passed between Captain Leary and the captain of the German warship Adler, stationed there at the time. Thl3 being a story of Captain Leary's patriotic acts, we need go no further into the details of Samoan history. One of the first of Leary's notable acts was to send a letter on Sept. 6, 1SS8, to the captain of the Adler. The Adler, on the day before, had gone to the Island of Nahono to burn the houses'and villages of the natives who would not support Tamasese. The warship took some of Tamasese's boats in tow, and soon the guns of the warship were heard bombarding houses known to have been occupied by defenseless women and children. The Adler came back the next day, and at once Captain Leary sent the German captain a letter of protest. He recited what he knew of the bombardment and what he had been told, and then he added, with the firmness that does one good to read: "Such action, especially after the Tamasese party having been represented as a strong government, not needing the armed support of a foreign power, appears to be a violation of the principles of international law as well as a violation of the generally recognized laws of humanity. Being the only oth-jr representative of a naval power now represented in this harbor, for the sake of humanity I hereby respectfully and solemnly protest in the name of the United States of America and of the civilized world in general against the use of a war vessel for such service as was yesterday rendered by the German corvette Adler." This was the first open breach between the commanders of the two warships. Leary based his action simply on the ground of humanity. One of his next conspicuous acts was to uphold the honor of the American flag. A body of Tamasese's men were encamped on Mulinum Point, which the Germans claimed was under the jurisdiction of their government because Germany owned property there. Some of these natives saw an American flag floating on the top of a tree not far away. It was placed there by a halfbreed who was an American citizen. It floated above his own- property. The Tamasese men tore it down and into strips. Then they partly wrecked his house and threatened to kill him. Captain Leary soon heard of it. and he sent a letter to the Adler's captain, asking If the natives were under the protection of the German warship. He wanted to fix the responsibility for the insult to the American flag, because, as he said, he was "obliged to fur nish necessary protection to Americans in jeopardj. GERMAN ATROCITIES. The German captain made a non committal reply, and the next day Leary repeated his request, saying that tho question at issue was not one of diplomacy, but of mili tary policy. He then showed his American spirit in these utterances: "Under the shadow of the German fort at Mulinuu atrocities have been committed on American property, and the lives of American owners have been threatened and jeopardized by armed natives, who appear to be sheltered by the naval force belonging to the vessel under your command. My official obligations do not permit me to negotiate with diplomatic or political repre sentatives of foreign powers, but with military or naval commanders interested in official acts; and as the naval commander charged with the protection of American citizens. 1 again have the honor to respect fully request to be Informed 'whether the armed natives at Mulinuu point are under

the protection of the imperial naval guard belonging to the vessel under your command or are they not under that protection?' " Leary received an evasive reply to this, and the relations between the two commanders became more strained. Leary did not stop with this. He sent a letter to Tamasese demanding restitution. The Germane, who had control of the local postoffice, would not forward the letter, and later Leary sent another. In which he said: "I have the honor to inform your highness that the articles forcibly taken from the house of Mr. Scanlan by your people have not yet been returned, and that they must be returned to Mr. Scanlan without unnecessary delay, for which purpose I shall wait until sunset. Wednesday, the 14th, and if it be not reported to mo by that time that my demand has been complied with, I shall be at the liberty to take such action as will in future enforce a wholesome respect for the American fiag and the laws and property under its protection. "A red flag hoisted at the foremast of an American war vessel simultaneously with the discharge of a blank charge will be the signal for you to remove from your fort and vicinity to a place of safety all women, children, sick and wounded, for which purpose liberal time will be allowed before resorting to more serious measures." No second notice was required from Leary. Tamasese restored the property to Mr. Scanlan. including th-3 American flag. which floated secure from insult on his property afterward. On Oct. 23. Ijs. there occurred an incident in Apia harbor, Samoa, which sorely tried the patience of Commander Learyin charge of the United States war vessel Adams, and which soon led directly to other incidents that nearly caused a war between this country and Germany. The representatives of the foreign governments had met a few days before, and had decided that a neutral zone should be established in and about Apia. A party of unarmed natives were crossing the harbor In one of their canoes, singing one of their stirring native songs. The Samoans have beautiful voices and the lusty melody of their song was rolling across the water. They had just dug up an old and practically worthless cannon which the Tamasese party in the civil war had thrown overboard. Suddenly two volleys of rifle shots and several stray shots were fired from the German war ship Adler on the canoe. Fortunately none of the party was killed, but the boat was sunk, and the natives had to swim to the shore to save their lives. None of the shots entered houses of foreigners on shore. Leary's blood boiled with anger that such an occurrence should happen within the neutral zone that the warship of any nation should fire on a body of unarmed men, and that Germany should openly take the side of the Tamasese faction in the presence of another nation's warship. He at once i.ent a vigorous letter to the captain of the Adler in which he said: "I have tha honor to inform you that the hostile attack made last night in this harbor by an armed force under your command upon a boat manned by natives, who were harmlessly crossing the harbor, was an act which seriously endangered the lives of the Americans and others afloat and ashore in the vicinity of Matautu, and cannot be regarded as otherwise than a most serious affair, coming: so soon after arranging and accepting terms establishing neutral grounds within th? limits of which no hostilities should occur, with a view to securing safety to the foreign residents in and around Apia. BREACH OF NEUTRALITY. "I am unable to understand your action, as the alleged cause of the attack cannot be accepted as justifying such dangerous and careless conduct. I shall report the affair to my government as a gross violation of the principles of international law, and as a breach of neutrality. , "For the security of Americans and others within the neutral lines I protest against the apparently unwarranted attack made by your men last night, and also against a recurrence of any hostile action within the harbor, whereby the lives of foreigners would be jeopardized." Leary did as he said h-3 would do, and the records of the Navy Department show that In his report to the secretary of the

navy he characterized thin conduct by the (Jermans as a "most dastardly disregard for the safety of human life, as well as a cowardly breach of faith." In this con nection it may be said that in some cases the language of Leary's leports was softened when they were transmitted to Con gress. A close examination or the written and printed reports shows many adjectives and phrases omitted. A few days before the natives were fired upon by the Adler's men another incident had occurred which showed tho spirit that animated Leary. The Gaisignano bridge that connected the town of Apia with a suburb where most of the foreigners lived had been partly wrecked by a storm. Un der the inspiration of the German authori ties advertisements had been called for for the removal of the bridge. This would have cut the foreigners off from the town. and have seriously crippled the work in the offices of the various consuls. It was proposed to establish a ferry instead of repair ing the bridge. Leary saw the notice call ing for the removal of the bridge posted on a tree near the bridge, and without hesita tion tore it down and sent word to the authorities that that bridge must not be removed. He then declared that he would repair the bridge and protect it, if necessary. while this was being done, with an armed force. Early the next day he lowered some boats from the Adams and filled them with his sailors and marines, fully armed. Then lie sent his carpenters ashore, and they started to repair the bridge. The com mander of the English warship in the har bor saw what was goyng on. and he also sent carpenters to assist In the work, and that bridge was never disturbed after that. The English and American residents on the island afterward co-operated In providing a suitable hospital for the wounded in the Samoan fights and in caring for them. Bv this time there was a state of almost open hostility between the German and American warships. The great crisis came on Nov. 15, 1S!S. About Heven miles from Apia the forts of the Tamasese party and the Mataafa party faced each other on property that was clearly under American protection. Mataafa's party had received notice from the Germans to vacate the place or take the consequences. Mataafa hastily sent a runner to Capt. Leary and informed him of the situation. He asked for advice. Leary sent word that he had a right to remain where he was. giving him some simple information in international law. Leary also said that he would not permit the German warship to fire on property under his protection. Leary received his information about dusk on Nov. 14. The Adler was to start out the next morning, just before daybreak. Leary at once sent word to all of his officers who were ashore to report on board the ship by midnight, and to ask no questions. He knew that the Germans expected to steal a march on him, and were watching him to see if he had steam up. Had they seen smoke coming out of the smoke pipes of the Adams they probably would have postponed the proposed attack until some time when they might catch Leary napping. He was ready for them. He had some anthracite coal on board. He transferred some live coals from his galley fire to the furnace under one of the boilers of the ship, and by using hard coal had a fire started there without attracting the attention of the Germans. It was slow work. When the fire was going well under the first boiler, he transferred live coals to another boiler, and then to another, and soon after midnight had full steam up on board the ship. The Germans, who always kept steam up, had not the slightest inkling of Leary's action. CLEARED FOR ACTION. Then Leary had his anchor chains muffled with native mats and waited for the outcome. All hands were summoned at 4 o'clock In the morning. Soon the anchors of the German ship were drawn up. Leary shortened his anchors. At last the Ger man vessel with a rush sterted out of the harbor. Leary's anchors were up in a jiffy. He didn't stop to take In the hawser holding his ship to the pier by the stern He fastened one end of the rope to a buoy and threw it overboard. Leary was pointed straight out to sea. The German captain had to make a turn to get out. By the time the Adler reached the entrance to the harbor the Adams was close behind. The Germans saw the real situation at once. There was great excitement on board both vessels, but the Germans would not compromise themselves by turning back. As the two ships, which were about equally matched in size and in fighting strength, reached the open sa Lary was in the rear only a few hundred yards. The German vessel took a wide turn and headed for the point of attack. Day was breaking then. Leary made a short turn close to the coral reefs and cut in between the German and the shore. His boat lapped the stern of the German vessel only about three hundred yards away. Suddenly the ord rs to clear for action were heard throughout the American ship. AM preparations had been made for this, and with dispatch the decks were cleared. ammunition was brought up and the guns were loaded. The Germane saw what was going on and they

cleared for action also. Then the two ships went down the coast dipping to the swells and 3tripped for war. It was a trying occasion and both commanders knew what tremendous results were dependent upon the outcome of their actions that day. Steadily the ships held their course. When they approached the point where the forts were situated the German ship slowed up and dropped anchor. Leary did the same. It was broad daylight now. Soon a boat was lowered from the German ship and some German officials were sent ashore under a guard. Then it was that Leary ordered one of his boats cleared away to carry this note of warning to the captain of the German ship, which Leary hid written on the way down and after both ships had cleared for action: "I have the honor to Inform you that having received information that American property in the Latogo vicinity of

l.aum. Liotoar.uu. ana 5oio jjuiu . namr t, h 'invtu, thü i :i m here for the purpose of r.rotectine 'same, and I hope that the friendly relatlor.3 existing betun n..r üMk-a ffnvrnments may prevent the occasion from causing any complaint" The American officer was rowed over to the German ship and gave the note to the ithout waltinc for anv renlv. Then the crews ot varshiD to th commander of another warship, and when the decks of both ships are eienrrH oMinn u rnr, mem hut one thing-war. Leary meant that no shot should go over his deck into the settlement nn hrru Vr,r several hnnr the two shits lay at anchor, with the crews waiting to spring at each other. Soon after noon the . , .. , i n-io.-o i vieuuanH kol unuer a iiKaui - i long detour down the coast, with tne Americans close behind and still ready for

the two vessels stood by tneir guns iw icai au;iniif;rs i '' vuia, hours waiting for developments. leary's be borne in mind and have the wepnt it note was polite and firm, but when such a deserves in the discussions at- ashinKton. note 1 tfrt frrm th rnmmar.ilfr of one it Is a consideration ot much and grow-

battle. Thtn slowlv the German vessel mitted to exercise any control o er o imturned about and steamed for Apia har- portant a question in the Congress of thö

bor. Leary followed with his ship. Both came to anchor In the places irom wnicn they had started early In the day. and that incident, laden with frightful possibilities for two great nations, was ended. Leary was ordered home soon afterward, and it is known that he received the personal thanks from our officials In the high est seats of government. The strongest part of the affair, however, is the fact that f - no official notice was ever taken or tnis spieuuKi ueierinuiaiion 10 upuom mr of the American Mae. Leary's friends say s in so sien gress passes votes of thanks to men who are conspicuous in saving lire on tne mgn seas. Congress never passed a vote of thanks to Lean. I need not go into the reasons of this apparent neglect. If republies are ungrateiui, u may oe &aiu mat even desired it. He had performed his sworn duty, and that was sufficient for him.

that he has not so much as a piece 01 corporated town In Washington cour.i), paper to show from the Navy Department th Indiana, All told, the population that he ever stood up for the honor of the , , ,..., nn . tins- in so sienal a manner in Samoa. Con- is 3o0. The place is little but old and

He was probably tne 'tAmou wonder among the rivers, is two tSUmXo miles away. There are here the usual num-

envy on the part or tnose oiaerana ni higher rank in the service, "Dick" Leary went his way modestly and asked for no .i usUUUIl I eC( s 111 lion jl Ilia jt, -.. . His native State, however, laryiano, could not let such a display or patriotism him .1 handsome trold watch. It was presented to him In the presence of a brilliant company at the State capltol The national eovernment kept silent officially, however, and that silence has never been broken. L,CarV prouaoiy cairr letir-L o 1 an ii in" apparent oversight. It has been given to few officers in the American navy to write . 1 . T . . . r fl 1 1 . V . htO I "I am here for the purpose of protecting the same." (American property.)

That Is Leary's reward. It is enough ror the Rev. William W. Martin "Father Marhlm to know that he did his dutj-, and that tin." he was fondly called. For many

ha ro-vriö rrct him for lt. Äs Amer- ! 1 11c w . - . - ...... - - iirnml nf cprtain sentiments I uttered by those who have worn our country's uniform in time of war. "Don't give on the shin!" still rings in the ears of all

patriotic citizens. 11 any man nauis oown tne ministry. 1 am 101a inai no amy astbe flatr. shoot him on the spot!" still in- listed in the founding of Hanover College,

spires and thrills us. With these and oiuer sentiments liKe tnem 1 wisn 10 wruu Lrarv's declaration. "I am here for the purpose of protecting the same." THE CANAL PROBLEM. Tim l'annmn Kante Seem to Offer Many Ad vnntHRe. New York Independent. . Mere sentiment or prejudice should not be permitted to prevent a careful consider.!tion in Congress of the comparative merits , T, . ... of the Nicaragua and Panama canal routes, The American people are about to make a canal across the isthmus. That is set tled. All obstacles that existed In the form of international agreements have been rwept away. All the technical information that can be required is at hand in the rcport of a competent commission that has -pent $1.000,000 in its work of investigation. i , r, Congress is ready to vote the money. At this juncture the Panama Canal Company, having got rid of a president who had not bten endowed with common sense, decides to offer us its property and rights for $40, 000,000. our own commission s estimate of their value. The bill reported in the House and to be taken up on the 7th inst. provides for making a canal in Nicaragua. Neither in the House nor in the Senate should a route be chosen until arter a thorough discussion of the situation olsclosed by the changed attitude of the Panama Company. It is true that the commission reported in favor of the Nicaragua route, but in making this decision it had in view the unreasonable price of $109.000.000 set by President Eutin upon the Panama Cornpany's property. Not until a few days before the report was made could he be induced to name any price whatever. If he

had been willing to taKe iw.iw.vw ine re- tw0 istcrs-the total of all their ages is port would have been modified, although 347 years. Ezra, the oldest, is ntnetv-three; we cannot say that the commission would josiah, eighty-five; Elizabeth Kelso, ninehave substituted Panama for Nicaragua, tv-one. and Martha Davis, seventv-riirit.

The canal in Nicaragua, says the comm'ssion, will cost Jiyfl.CJOJiW: the Panama canal can be finished for $144,OOu,OoO, which the addition of Hutin's price would raise to $253,0 tO.ooo. Rut the addition of the com-

pany's price (JIo.oou.uom, wnicn wouiu cover There is much talk of the Indianapolis the transfer of nearly $7."U') in stock of Southern Railway building its line through the I'anama Railroad Company) would this county. Almost two years ago a submake the total less than tho estimated cost g;3y was voted bv this township, and by all of the Nicaragua canal by $6.(MJ0.CO0. the other townships in the county through Let us see what some of the comparative which it was thought the line would pass, merits of the two routes are. The commis- The people of this section want that road sion said: and are hopeful of getting it. Should it le

"There are certain physical advantages, such as a shorter canal line, a more complete knowledge of the country through which it passes and a lower cost of mainte- -. . . . , 1 ..-.v-o t inn in forrir rf the l'ani iiiiute iiuu njitiuiiuiii in . w

ma route; but tne price nxea oy tne i ana- rich in everything that goes to make trafma Canal Company for a sale of its prop- fie for a railway. Manv prosperous mer-

erty is so unreasonable that its acceptance cannot be recommended. The main physical advantages, as Indi?ated unon the basis of the commission's plans for a I'anama canal, are a saving of 131 miles in length (forty-nine against ISC), a more direct passage, a saving or more than twenty hours in transit (twelvo against thirty-three), only four locks in stead of eight, and tne possibility or eventu allv digging the canal down to the level of the sea. "The I'anama route alone is feasible for a sea-level canal," and such a canal is. of course, the ideal waterway across the isthmus. No such canal can ever be made on the Nicaragua route. To these advantages should be added the great difference in cost of maintenance and opt ration. $1.3K).000 a year (the difference between $3.3m0n) and $2.(KA0Oö. which is the interest at 3 per cent, on $4.1,000. 0. The difference in time of transit would really be more than twenty-one hours, it is said, because shins might go through at Pana ma in the light of one day. while the dlffi cultles attending passage by night might extend the time in the other canal to three aays. ine cost ui nifuidi; migni. tie up ships at night even if the whole waterway should be illuminated, it tne Panama Com nany should reduce Its price to $J5.0O0.0"3O. desiring to avoid an Impending loss of every franc invested in Us project, the ad vantage in cost would be even more ap parent On the other hand, the Nicaragua route offers a slightly shorter passage from our Enste rn ports to the Philippines and Asia and between our two coasts; the presence of a large lake on the course Is said to be advantageous; except in the region near the eastern terminus the country is mure healthful than the Panama I'thmus, and agreements for rights and territorial con trol can be made more satisfactorily than on the southern route. c olombi.i has offered to remove all difficulties with respect to concessions, but the way does n t seem to be quite clear, and Colombia's deminds for share interests and special prlvi leges have been exorbitant. Moreover, it has not yet been shown that the present I'anama Company is lawfully empowered to nanv in the receipts of a canal on the Panama route. TVira la to he considered another ours. tion which has had no place in any list of VI U.I . . comparative auvaniages mai we nave seen.

If the canal Is made on the Nicaragua route it Is Inevitabje that within a few years after the completion of it both Nicaragua, and Costa Rica will become virtually t rritory of the United States. The Am-ricn people will re.-pe(n the independence and )J political rights if the inhabitants of th two little republics. Hut iinmiur.itie-i ard

investment following th conMru tion of the canal will cliar.' the (hara..tr find political tendencies of a majority of tho population. That majority will by vote insist upon closer nlatio:;s with the United States. There are only . ople in Nicaragua and only 3'.e.) in Co?la Rica in both about half as many as there are m Philadelphia. The political change that we have predicted would take place easily and naturally, and it would be one to desired for the welfare of Nicaragua, Costa Rica and the United States. But similar conditions would r.ot be found at Panama. 1 he ranM route m r u-s in the northern province or Mate of a Soutli American country having a large arm and a turbulent population of nearly oWJ). If we should make a canal on that rout we could not expect that Colombia would surrender h r sovereignty ovr the lanu adjacent to it. The canal made and owned by the United States would be in fortiga territorv for lor.x years to come. This, as well as the comparative phsIng Importance. But the choice of a route should not te determined ly a sentimenia.: preference for Nicaragua because American money was spent there, when the other route was occupied or because 1 rencn money has been wasted and stolen by swindlers at Panama. .r tor the reason that a prejudice apainst the Panama prJant hn for vmn lieen industrious! V f'Ultl v - --. . . ... vaieo uy an unn'aw:wi)ic au iumiuw i senator who should never have been perLnited btates AN OLD INDIANA TOWN. Little Mvnniu's Contribution to the Good of the Great World, To the Editor cf the Indianapolis Journal letter from beyond the . ... .., ,, i "deep, blue sea," but from Livonia, an inantedates by several years the year 1S1C, in Indiana became a State. It is In .,. the midst of a good farming coantrj. t n miles west from Salem, the county seat. Tbe ncarest railway, the Monon, Is seven miles north and is connected with us by a dally stage line. Lost river, that now ber of stores, shops, hotels, etc., a fining j f d l FelIows OWning th elegant v ... . nan in wnicn tnev meet, aim uiu-e churches Presbyterian, uaptist ami -ucuirtd,t nl(lfst la tho lresbvterian. By reierencc to some ancient retorus i i.nu that their first eoncrcsration was organized j 1SJ6 Th fa commodious brick " . . cdlilce, erected many years ago. au tue . 1 . . . . I. i. . . M IHM ,1

COIlK't 'Kations iut- h'"J uiuiui jngs This is. in fact, one of the centers of l Presbyterianism in this section of the '

täte. Over in the neatly kept cemetery js a limestone monmm nt to the memory 01 veir hr WM thn minister in charire here. . j ...... - - - - . 11 r ac nn aniiwt I nri1i;4ti Hllii l3.lortPti with soul and body lor the Master. Here jt was that he established a rural school of.tneolocy and prepared youn men for Three sons of the old minister became preachers, in irj two 01 mem went as missionaries to China. One of them, the Rev. Samuel Martin, died many years apo. The other, the Rev. William Martin. D. D., Is now president of the Imperial Unlvi rsdty of China, at Peking. In knowledge of the people and or the language ne nas, perhaps, no superior. He was in the siege of the legations. Two years apt Miss Bertha Davis left here for urman under tne auspices of the Baptists. She Is now teachins: a mission school in that rar-orr iani. So it can be seen that this little town has performed no small part in the spreading of the gospel. .Then, too. this was for many years the home of that old hero of the civil war. Gen. Nathan Kimball, who beat Stonewall Jackson at Winchester, a,. In Washington county can show quite a llt of noted personage born within the coun ty. Among war heroes are Generals Aiilroy. Rodman and Kimball. Rodman in vented the cannon which bears his name. He commanded a division in the army of (hA l-4 r.i-t-i o r on1 T j ü Ulle.! fit l t I , t Q Tvi at the croing f -Rurnside's bridge." Secretary John Hay Is a native of Salem. So was the late üov. wtoii J.oom. or . 11. I, fZtrt niter f OrMh'im wn (.ducatt.(j ät Salem by "Uncle Jimmy" May. an old-time teacher who never wearied in talking of his pupil and was very proud of his later career. I cannot say whether or not Governor Durbin was born in the county, but within its limits he was educated and learned a trade, and he is well Irnnnrn tn m i n v nf nur rienr.Ie Qthlnir. ton county is strongly Democratic. There are great numbers of the old Simon-pure "moss-backs." yet there Is an earnest minority of mighty good Republicans. Rut, ' of course, they can t control county affairs to any great extent. Once in a long whilo 1 some Republican manages to worm hi n'iv Inln nn nffi r-A 1 1 n nt tilt noil Ti t v cent Republican in these parts believe that Indiana has within her borders as good nf nai ror a , any , . iV. Fairbanks is verv nonular with Re publicans and nothing would give them fater Pleasure than to vote for him in havo ncre a Cood trraded school with an ane faculty. In proof of this being a ' healthy location I-wlll mention the Wright familv of four members, two nrothers and South of town lives Undo Frank IV t ton. who is tn his ninetieth year. He reared a ;arge family, accumulated a goodly estate arm learned to read and write after he was fifty. ruiit on a line from the capital to Nashville, thence through Browtistown to Salem and Paoll. and on to the Ohio, it will open Up a section that greatly needs a road. It . . l I f . j i . . . .... 1 ; . . . . . I. vuuio luiiimi juniniiiij'uiij nmi m. oumrjr chants who now trade Isewhere would b diverted to Indianapolis, and that city

would become our market for live stock 1 and all other farm products. Let us hona

that we may yet cet that road. or. If not that road, some other, and that, too, before railways go entirely out of fashion. W I LLI AM NO I tTl ICR A FT. Livonia, Jan. Z. There "Were Thieves There. New York Press. It is an old story, but there Is more fact in It than in most stores old or new. Th5 scene was laid in Sing Sing prison and tho parties to it a convict and Hed Keeper Connaughton. The convict was in the dressing room putting on a new FUit. The ntw coat designed for him w?s on a tabb. While arranging some other portion;; of his costume the new coat dif appear, d. The convict looked for it. and not finding ?t where he r.d left it. turned to Mr. Connaughton and said: "There must be thieves around here The ?peetaele of Jones, Chicago Chronicle (Dem.). It was a picturesque scene ia the Senat when Jones, of Arkansas, the founder of the round cotton bale tru-t. brought all hii eloquence in debate and skill in leadership to bear for the purpose of defeating the appointment of Attorney General Knox on tht ground that Mr. Knox had b-en a truft lawyer. The Democratic trust m.'gnate protested by a heated Inquiry acaintt the confirmation of Mr. Knox. "Can we," be ex- x claimed, "confide to an attorney of th trust the duty of enforcing the statute f against trusts?" I t th- round cotton bile trust answer. Mnelity Heer. Chicago Post. In common gratitude the Department cJ. the Vavv should bv individual contni.utlcf. acalnst Historian Maclay for beer rendered. i o ino.e rr i'inU, .M lt,r l, rJ, I the easier it is for us to understand t!it ttlmulatlng Impulse that gave rise to MaIl .... "Ill.l .... l. A . 1 T,M ciaj j v" -"-.. u. iti.

i