Indianapolis Journal, Volume 51, Number 251, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 September 1901 — Page 12

TUT, INDIANAPOLIS. JOURNAL, SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 1901.

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mies for the President. He Is the most popular secretary who has served a President In a quarter of a century. When It Is remembered how many people he must disappoint each day; that he must tell the newspaper correspondents what they should know without iteming to suppress Information; that he must remember every public man he ha3 ever met; that he must be quick to grasp what each caller wants and be fully informed on every subject, and that he must be the buffer between the President and the public, it becomes apparent that unusual talents are required of him. Mr. Cortelyou has earned the President's confidence, and he does more executive work than any previous secretary. II lias been so successful in systematizing the work of his oiUce that it is better and more promptly done than ever before. The extent of President McKlnley's correspondence can be appreciated from the fact that 4jO,(m) communications were received and disposed of at the executive offices in his first term. Mr. Cortelyou. with a force composed almost exclusively of stenographers, who read each others notes with facility, has dispensed with an immense amount of unnecessary work. When a Utter or document Is received a memorandum, to show what is to be done with it. Is written In shorthand in Us upper lefthand corntr. This is kept on the paper until It comes back to tho secretary for approval. A letter is then written by a clerk in conformity with the memorandum. Thus, In most of the correspondence, there is no dictation. A "precedent Index," prepared by Secretary Cortelyou. covering practically every case that is likely to arise, serves as a guide to tha clerks in answering correspondence and lessens the work materially. When a letter is of sufficient importance to be filed In the executive offices the shorthand notes are preserved with It, so the exact action taken can be learned at a plane. Every important paper Is briefed In typewriting, and when necessary this trief is filed with the papers, giving an accurate record. Appreciating the Importance of expediting business, llr. Cortelyou prepared and had printed a number of indorsement pasters, which are attached to papers referred to other departments. Consequently, when a communication comes to the White House that should go to the Department of Ktate, a paster referring it there is attached and, thus indorsed, it is forwarded. A rule of the executive offices requires that the work of each desk be finished on tho day of its receipt. This prevents an accumulation of work and keeps it up to date. ROUTINE OF TRAVEL. When the President makes a Journey his ffcrctary. and several members of tho "White House clerical force accompany him. All speeches made on the trip are reported ttenographically. Copies are furnished the newspaper men with the party, and a special copy is preserved for the office records. Telegraphers from the office force are also with the President, and he is Kept In constant touch with Washington. The "war room." where several telegraphers are always on duty, puts the President In communication with every part of the world. 3 fero cipher dispatches are received and he Js kept advised of every Important event. "With such a system, so much work and Puch a force there is no idling in tho executive offices. President McKinley Is rather an early riser. He breakfasts at S and reads the papers until shortly before 10, when he goes to the Cabinet room, which he makes his private office. There on his desk he finds a neat, typewritten paper, headed: "The President's Engagement," and dated. Upon this is the name of each caller who has a specific engagement, and a line stating the purpose of the visit. Mr. McKinley receives his caller at the head of the Cabinet table, often, however, stepping forward to meet liim. A cordial handgrasp Is given and he waits for the visitor Jo state his business. Jle usually remains standing during the interview, but if he sits down it is time to retire when he arises. On his desk the President finds papers relating to the questions that are apt to come up, as well as others that require immediate attention. His engagements are subject to Interruption by the arrival of a Cabinet officer, a senator or representative. Each visitor Is made to feel that he Is welcome. More than any recent President he has caused his political opponents to find it a pleasure to call. At times he persuades them of the desirability of something he wishes done, eo It Is often difficult to muster an aggressive opposition to his policies among the minority. Bitterly as ha may be criticised by the minority, there U no one who Is not on friendly terms with him. It Is not always necessary, though better, to make an engagement to see the President. On Tuesdays and Fridays, Cabinet meeting days, he receives no visitors except senators and representatives, and these only from 10 to 1L On other week days he is accessible frcm 10 to half past 1. Promptly at the latter hour Captain Loeifler, in charge of the door to the Cabinet room, who has been there since the days of Lincoln, enters and tells the President the hour. That is the signal for luncheon. Except in long protracted Cabinet meetings he never falls to start promptly for the dining room, an Invariable rule to prevent irregularity and injury to his health. Before hi3 severe attack of grip last winter the President often saw callers In the afternoon from 3 to 4. After luncheon he goes to the "red bedroom," now a comfortable sitting room, facing south and overlooking the Potomac, There he works, either alone or with his secretary, transacting public business, deciding upon appointments and considering other Questions. When he is thus engaged the President Is not interrupted, even by Cabinet officers, unless they are summoned. When In health Mrs. McKinley was wont to bo there with him, busy with some fancy ;work. HIS RECREATION. At 4 Mr. McKinley goes out driving with Mrs. McKinley, or takes a walk. .Sometimes In the morning, when the weather is favorable, he goes walking with some friend or Ms secretary. Oa returning from his afternoon outing lie sleeps for half an hour, having the faculty of laying, aside cares and going to sleep easily. Tnls nap is more refreshing than rest at any other time. It means renewed strength and peace after a troublesome day. a hal it that is his physical salvation. The President Is not a sportsman. Hunting or fishing have no charms for him. Though Cabinet officers and even Justices of the Supreme Court have been known to play golf or tennis, r.o President Las ever done so. Mr. McKinley is fortunate in re-iuiring little exercise. Walking 13 his only recreation of this kind, and of that he docs comparatively little. While for a time he rode horseback it has no present charm for him. Promptly at 7 tho President has dinner, often with a friend or official who comes Informally. After dinner he relaxes. The entrance to the conservatory is his favorite place to mok.' with guests or callers, intimate, personal or political friends, who happen in. Public affairs are sometimes discussed, but this is particularly a period of nuiet and relief from rare, when he enjoys the society of those- he likes best or, with Mrs. McKinley, listens to music. About a Quarter of 13 the President gos upstairs to look over Important letters with his secretary, sin commissions, dictate letters, write a statf paper or dispose of olher public business until 11, when he usually retires. Durin: the Spanish war and the trltkal dT- of the Philippine Insurrection 1. wf. fr ! j.Mitly bu.y with his military rdvi ttui i ur! morning. After drop-

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public paper, or, perchance, a report on Cuba, the Philippines or Porto Rico and read until quite late. Of the many thousand letters addressed to him the President probably has less than 1 per cent, brought to his personal attention. They are opened in the executive offices and those of Importance selected. Mr. Cortelyou signs, or has stamped with a fac-simile of hl3 signature, every official letter, except a few which the President may prefer to sign. Of even the small percentage of letters laid before him he reads few. His secretary states briefly the contents of each and he gives the necessary directions or dictates an answer. HIS APPOINTMENTS. Since thei beginning of his first administration President McKinley has made very few personal appointments. Practically every selection is now made upon the recommendation of a senator; sometimes a representative's wish is Influential, while a Cabinet officer's aproval Is final. Generally the President is not personally acquainted with his appointees, though it Is not unusual for an applicant for office to be presented to the executive. This furnishes an opportunity to take hi3 measure. The President has become very adept in judging character. The papers in a case are briefed at the department to which the office is attached, showing the names of those indorsing a candidate and the secretary's view. These are then forwarded to the President and, if the office is a local one, the appointment is made without delay. It Is remarkable that in so many instances the President has some knowledge of tho candidate, due to his own long public service and wide acquaintance. Where the office to be filled is sought by men of different States, each with strong political backing, the selection is more difficult. The better man Is then usually chosen. Small things will decide for or against an applicant. Too many indorsements, showing an undue anxiety for office, have proved fatal; too much Importuning, until the President is tired of the candidate's name, has killed many a man's chances. Where there are no complications a vacancy Is filled as soon as It occurs. When claims conflict moro time is required, but the President seldom delays long in making an appointment, desiring to be relieved of the pressure and to get his difficulties behind him. Seldom does a state paper go out without the President's personality impressed upon it. If ho does not prepare it himself he generally inspires it. When a Cabinet officer prepares a paper for him It is Invariably altered by tho President In some phrase oi expression, better to express or qualify a meaning. When ho maks a change it is usually an improvement, no matter who happened to prepare the document. Cabinet officers say In private that they cannot write anything that will pass muster with the President unless ho makes some effective correction. Ho is particularly careful with proclamations. Now, a Thanksgiving proclamation may seem to bo easily drafted, but it is a difficult task. It ought to be original, but so many have been issued that originality is almost impossible. Mr. McKinley begins early on tuch a task, and he may lay the first or second draft aside for a week, but when it comes forth it is a gem, emphasizing that for which the Nation should be most thankful In writing hi3 messages President McKinley takes the greatest pains. His methods of preparation vary somewhat each year. He may dictate almost an entire message, or write most of It himself with pen or pencil. The first draft simply begins the work. Long before It is written notes have been made, thoughts jotted down and a list of subjects is prepared. That is often changed. It Is a guide to the message. Every note is so marked as to be easily identified. The President may be in hi3 room, when an idea strikes him, It is noted; he may be walking or driving and a phrase or epigram, exactly expressing some thought, occurs to him; he will write It on an evvelope or whatever paper happens to be handy, or If Mr. Cortelyou is with him it is dictated then and there. Thus, wherever he may be, the President is careful that a thought or expression that can be advantageously used Is not lost, but i3 stored away for future use. This is one of hij methods in writing speeches. PREPARING HIS MESSAGE. About the third week In October the real vrork of getting a message ready begins. Each subject is placed under a separate head. It is copied on tinted slips, about four by eight inches, with broad spacing, so as to leave ample room for alterations. Each slip is numbered, dated, and its subject noted thus: "Tariff Draft 1, Page 1, Oct. 17, rjöö." The notes from which this is copied are also marked so as to be identified; then If the paper is lost It can be duplicated or identified. Where figures are used blanks are left in the slips for them; afterward they are secured at the Treasury Department, which is held responsible for their accuracy. Every figure or statement is verified. If it concerns the treasury, it is proved by Secretary Gage, through his secretary. If a mistake is made the Treasury Department is held to account. The Department of State prepares for the message an accurate account of the conduct of foreign affairs for the year. It is not generally used in the exact form in which it comes. It may be too long, or some subject may require a more cautious or a more vigorous handling. Other departments furnish live matter and the President takes what he wants, but it is all rewritten and condensed. Tho President has been known to use just three short paragraphs out of a statement 10.000 words long, giving in detail the work of a department for tho year, and even then Congress did not suffer from lack of information. A President's message, at least a McKinley message, is not, then, a patchwork, but It Is a product of much labor and painstaking care. The President dictates very rapidly. He has a splendid vocabulary, and is never at a loss for a word. This dictation, after being typewritten. Is most carefully revised. The material is then rearranged. If necessary, and copied again. Then it goes to the printer, who, after it Is set up, takes a proof on unusually wide paper, so that at the sides, at the top and at the bottom there Is ample room for corrections. This revised proof Is then corrected by the printer and another proof made with every revision there Is a new proof. Sometimes portions of the message are revised ten times. It 13 hard, patience-trying work, but the President take pains, weighs every word and studies every phrase with scrupulous care, correcting or rewriting hi3 copy until he is perfectly satisfied with'it. The greater part of the message, however, stands as at first prepared. Ordinarily the first and last paragraphs are not written until a day or two before the message goes to Congress, but when It is finished it is a complete document In which every word has a specific purpose. President McKinley's messages have varied from 13,000 to 2,X0 words, depending upon what must be said; but the tendency is for messages to grow In length as more subjects must receive treatment. Considering the amount of work Involved, ever-present and onerous responsibilities that cannot be shifted. Importunities for place, unceasing demands upon his time and patience, difficult problems pressing for solution, unending routine, criticisms, misunderstandings and frequent evidences of Ingratitude, the President's salary Is Inadequate. This Is more evident when it Is retailed that out of It the expenses for entertaining, that custom requires, must be paid. And yet the.e drawbacks do not Interfere with cultivation of the presidential bee by every man in the country, who could, by any stretch of the Imagination, be regarded as eligible.

A REFUGE FOR WAIFS

ORPHANS TAKHX TO A SALVATION A It 31 V FA It 31 COLONY. From the Slums of Xerr York They Go to Strange SlKhtn mid Experiences In Colorado. SECOND CHERRYTItEE HOME GHIFF PlUPOSIl OF MANAGERS is TO TEACH THE AVAIFS TO AVOKK. They "Will Find Occupation on a Sugar Ueet Farm Farm Colonies No LonRrr an Experiment. Correspondence of the Indianapolis Journal. AMITY, Col., Sept. 5. During the coming week the fifty or more orphan waifs from the slums cf the bis cities who are at the Cherrytree Home of the Salvation Army, in Sutherland, N. J., will be moved to tho army farm colony, in rowers county, Colorado. The new Cherrytree Home is a handsome stone building, costing about $3.C0O and as yet hardly ready for the little guests, but they will be willing to put up with tho unfinished construction In their delight at the novel and wonderful things which will surround them. The New Jersey Institution ha3 been abandoned and the New Cherrytree Home established upon land owned by the Salvation Army and in a building built by Salvation Army funds. The land was secured through the colonization scheme, which is a separate enterprise; the money was raised by the Salvation Army at their harvest home festivals and from voluntary contributions; the railroads will carry the children from New Jersey to Colorado free of charge, and thus Is begun what its orlgFIRST YEAR OF A 3AIVATION inators hope will become in time one of the great saving enterprises for childhood throughout the United States. To give these children fresh air, to take them far away from the evil Influences of their lives on the streets of great cities and to teach them to work are the objects of this move. That they can be accomplished there is no doubt, for after three years of experiment the Salvation Army farm colony at Amity, Col., can be pronounced a success. It has been found that the clear mountain air reduces sickness to the minimum and restores health to thoso who have lost it. The soil is wondrously fertile and responds bounteously to the touch of water. There aro ready markets for all the products of labor, and even the inexperienced have begun to find themselves and see opportunities for becoming independent in the near future. MAKE GOOD CITIZENS. Tho advantages which presented themselves to colonists were equally desirable as surroundings for a home for city waifs. The Salvation Army will perhaps maintain retaining stations in the East, but eventually all the children vhom it is decided to adopt will be sent to Colorado. Staff Captain Benjamin, a woman who, though young In years. Is old in the slum work of the army, has charge of this department of the work. In the new Cherry Treo Homo she will have her staff of assistants, but with her wonderful energy, physical endurance and knowledge of the people with whom she has to deal, upon her shoulders will fall tho responsibility for the success of the institution. "Wo take only tho children coming from the most depraved strata of human life, those who have been exposed to the lowest forms of vice; we save them from the reform tchool. No child is thoroughly or hopelessly bad. Bj a new environment and the Influences with which we surround them wo wash their souls as we do their bodies. Wo take these children from earlyinfancy up to twelv or thirteen, years, though rarely as old &s that. In our experience we have taken children to raise who, at the ag of eight or nino years, wer habitual criminals, drunkards and thoroughly ccquainted with every form of vice. Sometimes we fail with 6uch as these, but more often we make good citizens of them. "I have visited many of the- homes for children in different parts of the country and have been pleaaed to see the little ones taken care of. A fatal mistake Is made in many of theso institutions, however, for they give the children no employment. We teach, thsm to work and to earn money from the very beginning, and that is on of the reasons why we hav moved the home to this place in Colorado. Here the colonists raise many hundreds of acres of sugar beets, and in the beet fields all of our children can find labor suited to their strength. We rarely are forced to give tht children corporal punishment, no matter how bad they may bo. One thing we will not tolerate for a moment, however, is uncleanliness of thought or action. Any development of that kind is treated severely. FINANCIAL, FEATURES. "The money for the support of the home is raised entirely by Salvation Army work. It costs about $30 to take care of one child for a year. The field in which we operate is unlimited, and what we can do la only circumscribed by the amount of mony we are able to secure. I have great hopes for the development of the Cherry Tree Home under the new conditions with which we are now surrounded." Three years ago Commander Bocth Tucker, of the Salvation Army, Moated $150,000 in bon33 for the purpose of carrying into effect in the United States the farm colony idea, which has been in operation In Europe for some time past. The public quite generally has the Idea that these colonies are for the purpose of taking the depraved and degraded from the city slums and 'establishing them upon farms. This Is entirely erroneous. The man who secures an allotment of land on a Salvation Army farm colony and who is assisted financially by the army to farm this land until his returns begin to come in must come well recommended. He may b in abject poverty; he may be in despair as to the proi pet of feeding and housing his wife and

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chlldren frcm day to day and It will count nothing against him. If he cannot prove, however, that he is a religious man, that ho Is honest, industrious, temperate and otherwise entirely worthy of being assisted to make a new start in the world his application will receive no consideration from the army. To give hope to the hopeless is the purpose of a Salvation Army colony, to give the man who Is a victim of circumstances a chance to start anew and under favorable conditions; in brief, to take the worthy poor from under the Iron heel of a cruel fate 13 the Intention of this philanthropic enterprise. It is looked upon entirely as a business proposition by those who give and those who receive In the transaction. There are three Salvation Army colonies In the United States one near Cleveland, O., with 2S0 acres of ground, called Fort Herrick, which is more a'place of refuge than anything else; another at Fort Romie, Cal., with 5S0 acres of land, which In time will be sold to the settlers. The principal and most successful colony, however. Is the one here at Amity. This colony now has 1.7S0 acres of ground. The army has invested between $50,000 and $90,000 in Improvements. A town site has been laid off, a postofilce established and several of the minor industries which are common to every settlement have already made their appearance In this community of 210 souls. THE FIRST EXPERIMENT. The first year twelve families were brought from the East. The heads of three of these families had some knowledge of farming, tho others were typical inhabitants of cities, whose knowledge of nature was confined to that gathered in the parks. The second year of the colony eight more families were brought out, and during the past year eighteen more were added, making In all at present thirty-two families. If necessary, these people are given transportation for themselves and their goods. They are sold twenty acres of land at $40 per acre, and on ten years time at C per cent, interest. The colonist is furnished with a team of horses, agricultural Implements and live stock. The management assists him in plowing his land, builds him a house and a barn, and helps him with his other work, charging the cost against his account. "With tho land ho secures a water right from the great ditch, which is owned by the company upon whose land this colony was started. The first year half of

ARMY FARM COLONY HOME. tho settlers were not able to pay interest upon the money advanced to them by the army. The second year nearly all of the interest was paid and part of the capital account was made good. During the third year the reduction of their debt to the army was quite appreciable, and during the coming year a number of the settlers will return to the army, principal and interest, all of the money they have been compelled to borrow in the past to put themselves on their feet. The total amount loaned to the settlers during the past three years, was $41,172, and about 20 per cent, of this principal has been returned, in addition to the payment of the interest account. The colonists now have about S00 acres under plow Raising sugar beets and cantaloupes are the principal Industries. The balance of the land is in alfalfa, Kaffir corn and other profitable Colorado crops. The army considers itself well secured for the loans that are made, In the appreciating value of the land, and the improvements constantly put upon it by the settlers, and while it is probablo that in many cases tho return of actual cash will bo slow, it is undoubtedly true that the array is fully secured for its outlay. The valley of the Arkansas river Is fast becoming a center of the great beet sugar industry, and land supplied with sufficient water for irrigation purposes is in increasing demand at fancy prices. MANY COLONISTS APPLY. It is needless to say that since this enterprise was organized tho Salvation Army, through its headquarters in New York, has received thousands of applications from THIRD YEAR OF A HOME IN TII people who wish to join the farm colony. Thre are at this moment over 1,000 applications awaiting action. As only twenty more families will be added to the colony this year, the Investigations and final selections aro a matter of careful consideration, not only as to the necessities in the various cases, but as to the desirability of tho applicants. It is not required that those who join the colony should be members of the Salvation Army. It i3 required that they shall be Christians, and they are expected, though not compelled, to attend the church service which are held twice a week in the colony schoolhouse. It may be said that nearly all those who have come to the colony have soon joined this church, as in a little village community like this the church Is the principal social organization. Owing to the smallness of the farms and the intensive manner of farming, this colony is like a well-laid-out village, rather than a big farming region. This serves two admirable purposes. It requires less money as an investment and the profits are much greater in intensive farming, and the village life prevents these people" from being lonely. Most of them come from thickly settled communities of the tenements of cities, and are of gregarious habit. To put them at once out on a lonely prairit, far from neighbors, would in nine eases out of ten doom them to failure. From any part of their little fields, however, as the land Is now 1 lid out, they can see others at work, and it is but a moment's walk to the village store, where

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Prices start at a quarter of a $4.50 each. There are sixty-two styles at and see them. (East aisle.)

&hose JVorfolK. Eton zctfs

Our first shipment is ready now. You'll like this suit It's skirt is a flounced style, but in walking length; the jacket an Eton but fashioned in Norfolk style, a mode always smart for general wear. Materials and tailoring are the best possible. Of brown mixed Venetian, with black silk strappings -S. OO Of black or gray hair-line cloths - 30.00 Of black or blue cloth 2SiOO

Small LctsSVITS (SL SltlHTS at HALF A rrckful of separate, unlined skirts of briiliautine and cloth, light and dark colors, former prices up to 10; choice $I.OS The last of summer suite 4 of foulard silk and 4 of thin goods; choice &STC5 About 20 spring Kton suits, some r,ilk lined, cloth, cbeviot and brilliantine, former prices 20 to $15; choice $lo.OO Choice of all thin wrappers regularly priced up to $3 $1.30

fif Anv thin wrarmer uo to $1.50 values they can meet and talk with their fellowmen.' It has been found, of course, that those who were ignorant of farming at tho start had to be instructed and encouraged in their efforts. About many of tho houses there is evidence of slackness and shlftlessness, but it could not be expected to be otherwise. Nearly every one of these settlers will this year make a payment to the army, which will cover all interest due and possibly one-tenth of the principal sum in which they are Indebted. The Atchison Itailroad has taken a great interest in this enterprise, carrying out the theory of that road that the settlement of the land by the man with the hoe is the true solution of the transportation problems presented by the great uninhabited areas of the West. To sum up the situation as it now presents itself, it may he said that this year marks the end of tho experimental stage of tho Salvation Army colony. Its growth in the future is merely a matter of wise management and available capital. There is no limit to the number of people who will take advantage of this scientific philanthropy, if given tho opportunity. The pressure for farm homes and a free life in a nation of 7G,000,OM restless people can only be appreciated by those who have witnessed the fierce contests for privileges in recently opened territory, and by those who bear tho responsibility of selecting tho members of tha Salvation Army colonics. J. D. WHELPLEY. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. What Is the plural of the word executrix? Helena. Executrixes or executrlces. How can I prevent piano keys from turning yellow? L. L. S. We do not know. The keys can be bleached to whiteness, usually, by soaking S AI, V ATI ON ARMY FARM COLONY. for an hour in a saturated solution of alum, polishing with woolen and wrapping with linen to dry. What kinds of wood are used for splint baskets ? Huckster. Oak, willow or black ash. What were the populations of Kannas, Texas and Maine by the last census? D. Kansas, 1,470.405; Teaas, 3,043,710; Maine, Did not the Czar of Russia visit Paris within the last four or five years? J. B. Yes; he was there in October, 1836. What was the population of the world in 1S00 and in L-Oj? A. W. II. Malte-Brun's estimate for 1SC4 was C40,CC0,OX). It now Is put at about l,&X,o:),000. Who United was the richest States? Crank. President of the George Washington, perhaps. He was one of the richest men In the country at the outbreak of the revolution. Did Shamrock come across under her own sail?, or was she towed all or part of the distance? O. M. D. She was towed about distance. two-thirds of the How much were the German demands at the close of the Franco-Prussian war lessened in the peace negotiations? 2. Do any of our warships have armor a foot and a half thick ?-I They included the cession of Al?ace and Lorraine, with Metz, Strasburg and Belfort and the payment of .000.0 .) francs.

Ajy EXTENSIVE - -

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Ireland contributed the major portion of them, although not a few of the finer novelties bear a French imprint. Altogether it is one of the greatest and most attractive collections we have ever assembled, much of the embroidering being almost marvelous in its dainty fineness.

dollar and rise by 25c stages through 50c, 75c, $1.00, $1.25 tip to CSOo and an entire display case full of those at 2oc. Stop

ToO The French negotiators wero stubborn and had the support of the British government, but couid savo only Belfort and 1,000,COO,000 francs. "2. Yes; that is tho thickness of the side armor of the Oregon, Massachusetts and Indiana. -T- "J" -TWhat mode of baptism is practiced In the Greek t-'hurch? A. E. Threefold Immersion, all other methods being rejected as essentially invalid, and confirmation and baptism aro performed simultaneously. Is there not a school in some city in New York Ftate where librarians aro trained? If so, please tell me where? F. A. G. Yes; on Is run In connection with tho State Library at Albany, another is at the Pratt Institute, Brooklyn. Was iho wife of Fred Douglass a white woman? What were the birthplaces of Douglas and his wife? Inquirer. His first wife was a colored woman. His second, whom ho married Jan. 4, ISSi, was white a-id a native of New York. Douglass was bofn at Tuckahoe, Md. Of what use is sumac in tanning leather, and what Is used, leaves, fruit or bark? 2. What is the circle of feathers at the side of an owl's head? D. B. The leaves are ground to powder and used as a tan In producing light colored leathers. 2. The bird's external ear. What ware the scores of tho HarvardYale football games of 1803 and 1SW? 2. Have Harvard, Yale or Princeton been together in recent games whose score was 0 to 07 B. Harvard 17, Yale 0, In 1SDS; Harvard 0, Yale 0, In 1S99. 2. Yale and Harvard tied at zero, also, in 1S37. -f- -fHow long have sleeping cars been In ue In this country? 2. In the Lachlne Rapids canal o; en the year through? E. It. II. The first was run on the Cumberland Valley road in 1S35. Twenty years later Thomas L. Wocdruff was closely followed as a maker by Webster Wagner. George M. Pullman fcegan making improvements about 1S53, and not till 1SG4 did he build the first real Pullman sleeping car. 2. No; it Is na.vlgab?e yearly from 210 to 20 days. -7- -r- -fIn high five, A and partners have 41 points, Jl and partners 51. A bids S, makes tho trump and leads the ace. B throws on the duce of trumps and claims the game. A easily could have made enough to go out; which wins? 2. Again, if two plavers go out on the same hand, has the bidder any preference? Mechanics. B, his low counting before all of A's points except high. 2. No; the game is decided by the following order in which points count; high, low, jack, game, pedro, cinch. "f -7What Is the r&te of flow of the gulf stream? 2. How is the absence of trees from our great prairie areas explained? J. W. L. About two and a half miles an hour. Fivo miles is exceeded in eome places, and the rate varies much with conditions of weather and tide. 2. This point has caused much debate. The close texture of much prairie soil is given as one reason, and the prevalence of prairie fires in the days of Indian occupancy "has been put forward as another. In support of the latter theory it is Fhown that forests began to encroach upon some prairies after settlement prevented frequent fires. 1 How long has tho present Weather Bureau been in existence? 2. How manv strips of lead or copper are now put about cannon shot to catch the gun's rilling? 3. Why do not these bands destroy the rifiimr Ardmore. b ' Since July 1, l$31, when it was established as a branch of the Department of Agriculture. Since 1S70 the meteorological work of the government has been in charge of the Signal Service of the War Department. 2. One strip of copper or brass I3 usual. A lead jacket was succeeded by two copper bands, and now there is a band at the base only, the head of the projectile being made a bit larger than the base. 3. They will effect damage in time, but are not so destructive as would be the ru.-h of gas by the projectile. For wl;at purpose are adulterant a.iir. to ales und beers? 2. Does oS Congrt's wahy?H aA a" authori2lnS. bridges? If so. To Iesien the cost of production or to improve flavor and appearance. Coloring matter is introduced to nave the great care necessary in brewing when the color of the product depend entirely on the degrfeW heat to which the malt was subbed and to the color and deSre or ripeness of the hop,. Then a variety of bitters an 1 of other drugs are added. 2. Only whop the brl.l" to cro navigable water,, the auihorl. ion coming In the constitutional provlMoa that authorize. Contra, to regulate com"

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IMPOHTATIOff op $ . 5 cocoes JVEW IM ITATIOJVS- Or French FLA.fi E L They're numerous some good, poms bad. Of the better brands the Kclipsc flannels and thoie from the Heaver mills are probably the handsomest. Our prices are very low. 116 styles of Eclipse, 04-inch Flannels, . 25 of them new this week, at, a yard lo 78 styles of Beaver mills 27-inch Flannels, choice patterns, a yard, Iii 7'o AJV BJTTIIjX kditio jv ' 9 September Designer U To ßupply the continued call for th. Krp- S timber lsuo of this popular monthly we Lave secured nn extrn ctllti'm, whi.-h m rendynOK. This N tlx number whi h n- C tains the admirably wrlttrn and HliKtratM t" article on "Aprons for School .;irls." p The October number, containing ijo pages, will also bo ready .Monday. 7 is For OAS AND GASOLINE STOVES ANDRANGES AND REFRIGERATORS Call Old or New 'Phone. Vonnegul Hardware Co We close atO o'clock on Faturday evening during J uly and Auu!. merce. Congress has passed a law empowering the secretary of the navy to order changes In bridges, and making failure to comply with his directions a punishable misdemeanor. -f- -f- 4Will you give a short eketch of E!gar Allan Poe? 2. Who was "l.ennr" nnrt wnat Iwas the bust of Pallas alluded to in "The Raven?" J. W. W. He was born at Boston, Mass., Jan. l 1S03. Ills parents, who were player folk, died in his early childhood, and he was adopted by John Allan, a wealthy Virginian. He was sent to school near Lenders England, when six years old, and rntcrei the University of Virginia in 1S2C, but was removed a year later, probably because cf his fondness for gambling. The folio win? year, in Doston, he issued his first voluin of poems, lie enlisted In the army under .13 assumed name, as a rrivate, and became cadet at West Point in 1S30. but was dismissed in 1S21. In he married and f..r several years his life approach-! regularity, but then he Quarreled with his publisher and for nearly ten years edited or contributed to the literary periodicals of that day and issued several volumes. About 1S16 he became so poverty stricken that a public appeal was made in his behalf. In January, 1Ä47. his wife died, and he Cu 1 Oct. 7, 1SI3. at Baltimore, Md. 2. "Iv.or. " was the narrator's lot love. The btjtt rf Pallas was an ornament of tho room li which the events narrated took place, arl is without special significance, Poe confessing to have chosen it merely berau.of the contrast between Its marble ar.l the raven's plumage. XXX How often docs Massachusetts e'ct a Governor? 2. If there is to be an eUcti a this year please- give tho names of -ttr. :idates and the leading issues at stak.lal tell me whether there is much inter t r-r.-en and whether a full vote is antk ip.u. !. that is, how It is expected tu n.mi.:! with the vote for Governor polled 111 November, 1JJ? N. C. Every year. 2. Governor Crane will ir.v ably be renominated by the Hepubli-Mi. and Josiah Qulncy, it is thought, v.il i i the Democratic nominee. A Prohibition . didato has already been named, ar : r. Socialists will have a candidate? Th- :.ra no Issues to arouse general interest. Jr.-i a full vote I3 not expected. -s- -v riease define the limits of what hi-trv terms the "middle age-i;" also, the - viaiK apes, j According to Hallam, the middle ng.-s-form a period of one thousand years, Uglnning with the establishment ofj t! Prankish kingdom In Gaul, undr C!cv;--. and ending with the invasion of Inly iy Charles VIII of France. In 14:i. Wb :i m -dlaeval literature is considered, hourv-r. this period can bo extended to i:i: v.l. n Maximilian I died, and even to the fill of Bayard, in 1S2. The dark ages bgin wit.i or shortly before the fall of the Iti.mart pire (A. D. 476), when there was a p.r.e:.tl decline of learning and civilization; f. period Is reckoned by Hallam as exurd;: r to the eleventh century. ; -iI have seen in several book? and reÄor 9 a list of all the tm'o:1p mmim tn. i.ksetts in the Mayflower ai.d wiurv ,a,is I fettled. Can you Uli me if a similar r.V 1 iu 'Mswnce of those who accom;i:i-d Leonard Calvert in the ships Ark and !-- . and made the flrst settk ment at St. Mir in Maryland, and where it might l obtained? T. j A book called "The Founders of Viryland," by Ncill, contains some inforrr.it: .-1 onhe subejet; also liozernan's 'llistcjy of Maryland." A volume called Vollv-.'.l Settlers and Their. Descendant?. publish d a year or eo ago by the Baltimore Sun. deals entirely with the early settlors f Maryland. The Ark and Dove contained, according to classification, twenty gt-m:-men" and three hundred laboring men .1 pas?er.gers. Names of tho gentlemen are: Leonard Calvert. Thomas Cornwalli. Jerome Hawley, Andrew White. John Ivtman. George Calvert. Justinian S'i", Henry Wiseman. Richard Gerard. l.Mnaid Winter. Frederick Winter, John Saui.ii". Thomas Dowell, Edward Crunflehl. dil. John Hill. Henry Green. John MeJ air. NIchoh-s Fairfax. William Sake ar.J Jw-a Uaxter. Are yon a Maouf

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