Indianapolis Journal, Volume 51, Number 246, Indianapolis, Marion County, 3 September 1901 — Page 4

Tili: INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL. TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 3. lOOl.

Til K DA I L Y J O URN AL TUESDAY, SLTTI-MUKR ::, IM'l.

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The quotations Fhow that the price of Hogs is now the highest in seven year?. .With the prices of most other farm products high, the farmers will have the means to purchase wh3t they really need during tho next year. If the President could put an end to the Useless controversy that has sprung up between the friends of Admiral Schley and JA-dmlral Sampson by calling off the proposed court of inquiry he would render the country a valuable service. It looks now as if selecting the Constitution to do the work that tho Columbia did In the International yacht race is like selecting the second horse in a race to win in a. contest with another. Hut. after nil, it 13 Hot a matter of first-class importance. Candidate Maguire should not formet to Commend most heartily, in his letter of acceptance, the increase of the city's ex penses to a figure that ;t :i i r cent, in create of taxation in four year. nnd $7'.". increase of the bonded debt are not inifCclent to meet. Sam Jones told a Kentucky audience tho Dther night that all Republican are rascals and all Democrats? are fool. He also told Jda audience that, while ho often was paid J2" an hour, many people receive but 10 cents. -The party that is made tip of fools must be in a large majority where he lec urfTTat SS an hour. The United States has no use whatever for the Danish West Indies, but, as DenXttark Is determined to dispose of them, it jniiy be ft pood stroke of policy on our part to take them. No doubt CJermany would be fcnly too glad to obtain them for a naval Elation, and such a step on her part would f the Monroe doctrine in a very embarrassing shape. Those members of the Indiana Bibl conference who declared that there 1 a literal bheol and an abundance of work for such an institution have made themselves the subjects of quite general and nut always perloua newspaper comment. If the excellent men who emphasized the doctrine of fcternal punishment hold to It, it is of the Utmost Importance that they should make t the central idea of every Fermon. The Boston Herald finds in the atteml3nc upon th5 Democratic primaries In this itjr evidence of the deplorable lack of inforest which people take In municipal afftirs. , " The Democratic vote at tho piitxtnric3 was nearly half as large as the tarty vote for President last November, a?-S it wa probably double the number of Tjmocrats who would have attended the primaries If held under the old system. The primary election may not Le popular with Jtfcose who desire to manipulate noralna-Ji-?n?, but the new system commends Itself Co the mass of men who belong to parties. There ! no reason for requiring Prince Chun to make de?p reverence to Hmperor SVIlllam while his Chinese attendants nre Stfone on the floor. If a representative of ßie German government were killed by a picb In this country, tho expression of ret ri- t ri rrt .lont i-ttK o nmn-i rinfif the assassins to juFtice, would be all xat would be required. Why should more fce required Of China? The Chinese custom! service is in tho hands of foreigners, fea-tariffs are arranged by foreigner?, other lUhts have been put upon rulers and people, and it Is not surprising that the ChiBese hate foreigners. 7he downpour of water that submerged fhe larger part of Cleveland, late Saturday night, was an unusual happening. That jwater should fall over the best built portion 6f a city with ample drainago in such volume as to flood it streets and undermine residences seeme incredible, yet such was the cate. What befel the best rart of Cleveland explains the washout on the Y;bash in June, near Logansport. Tho culvert had carried off the water for years, bu? one night a cloud like a suspended lake buiat in the vicinity of tho culvert, and so eudden was the fall of water that it could noC pass through the outlet and consequently flooded the valley anil undermined ttv, track. Tiie statement made to a meeting of the fnenbers of the Amalgamated Association In Milwaukee by Vice President Hickey reipectlng the proposition of Mr. Morgan, of thf; United Htats Steel Corporation, i too Important to be lost sisht of at this stage ef Vi controversy. In the conference be tween President Shaffer and the oftlcers of the Steel Corporation Mr. Morgan offered the officers of the Amalgamated Association to extend the eale of that organiza tion to four mills, tht.s putting thrnj under the control of th Amalgamated, and to extert the union seal to all tho mills of th company If. In the me t nt Int', tii' nsoeia tlori lived up to it agreement. It wa- lmplyS'vIng to President Shaffer an 1 hh as-

soclates. at th end of two year?, all that

they a?k'-d. This proL-osition Mr. Shaffer rejected, declaring that all Jhe mill., in some of which th re are few union workers. must be put under the srale or a strike would follow. This statement romes from a member of the Amalgamated, now -a striker, who was snt to Pittsburg to investigate all matt'-rs connected with th strike. If tri; it takes from Mr. Shaff-r the last claim for consideration and makes h!rn an uncompromising man. totaily unfit to occupy the position which, gives him power over the. conduct of thousands of men. Tin: li;so or i.Aiioit v. The observance of Labor day was more general yesterday than ever before. Mure organizations were in line and the different trades were more largely represented than ever before in this city. What l.s true of Indianapolis was probably true of every town in the country which has industries. This larger demonstration is due to the fact that the conditions essential to the well-bing of wage-earners were never more favorable. Indeed, there can be no better index by which to measure the con dition of the country than labor organiza tions. The parade showed that the members of most of the organizations are so generally employed and fairly paid that they could afford special uniforms for the occasion. The people that lined the streets through which the procession marched, composed very largely of the families and friends of the marching men, were so well and tastefully dressed that it was the subject of remark. Nothing like it could be found eluewhere In the world. The marks of class which appear in other countries are obliterated by the public school system. The entire satisfaction of those who marched and those who looked on as friends told in their manner and conversation, and their faces proved that those who depict the hardship of labor at the present time are the victims of their own delusions. Most of the speeches will show that the orators did not attempt to destroy the cheerfulness of the day by dismal chatter about the poor growing poorer. Indeed, oratory waj least prominent In the exercises, games of various kinds better suiting the day than speaking that might bo dreary. The day was also marked by sobriety and decorum. In any other country such a festival by laboring people would be marred by brawls due to the use of Intoxicants. All America is learning that a day of recreation is not a day of dissipation, and no element in American society has a clearer idea of the difference than the wage-earner who has American ldas. Sobriety and self-respect are the special characteristics of the American holiday. Law and police regulations have not wrought this marked change in fifty years; it is duo to our institutions, which reach individual self-respect, not the least important of which Is Labor day, on which the American wage-earner feels bound to be at his best. IN S I' STA IN III) C I E A It ii K S . Two months ago an article appeared in the Forum, written by Francis 12. Leupp, setting forth that the reason why the pen sion roll does not materially decrease so long after the war, is fraud in the service. Portions of this article have been Copied into hundreds of papers, thus giving the public the impression that the pension roll "honey-combed with fraud." In his article Mr. Leupp gives instances of frauds which have been perpetrated and dlscov ered. For instance, one medical board passed thirty-two cases of heart disease in one week, uiere is a meuicai Doaru in every county in tne .Normern states, thousands of them, and only one is found to be either dishonest or lax, but-the dis honesty of this board was exposed by hav ing, the cases sent to another board, which discovered that the applicants did not suf fer from heart disease. Thus one medical board corrected the fraud of another. In this State, Forne time since, a medical board rated an applicant at $12 per month for a "normal liver" and gave him a total ratlnv of sl.U a month. A ins last was a case of gross ignorance on tne part ol a board which had few cases, but it was dia covered by the examiners In Washington, as were the thirty-two coses of heart disease, and thrown out ahd the medical board dismissed. Moreover, it is the diagnosis of examining boards, rather than the ratings, that governs the examiners in Washington. It can be added that the medical boards, as a rule, are made up of reputable physicians in active practice. Mr. Leupp and his friends call attention to the instance of a Tennessee attorney who filed 108 claims, o. which only eight had any merit, the others being fictitious and based upon forged papers. Who made the discovery that these claims were fraud ulent? The agents and special examln A 1 Wh . k . ers oi in i'ension xiureau, wno are constantly on the lookout for such frauds, and generally discover and reject them. Certainly, claims not allowed cannot swell the pension roll. The writer mislit have added that a score of claim agents have been sent to the penlteutlary for attempting such frauds. Still another Instance cited by Mr. Leupp Is that of an Indiana claim agent who submitted claims for men who had never been in the service That he did so is evidence that the claim agent and Mr. Leupp are Ignorant of th fact that an honorable discharge must b presented by every applicant at the outlet Such claims, not accompanied with dis charges, were rejected and consequently could not have swelled the pension roll. Soon after Mr. Cleveland became President, upon tho assumption that the pension rolls were "honey-combed ith fraud," more than loO.OOO pensioners of one class were suspended, and several thousands of other classes. In all of these cases the pensioners were required to submit fresh evidence that they were entitled to pensions. The result was nearly all the husl nded pensioners were restored to the roll before the close of Mr. Cleveland's term. That there are men drawing pensions who should not. and others having larger pensions than they should, Is not denied. It is equally true that other men who deserve pensions are unable to get them, and still others who do not receive as much as they should. Put these facts and such evidence :n Mr. Leupp gives do not warrant the assumption that the pension roll does not shrink because of pensioners added by fraud. Py an act approved by Mr. Cleveland Jan. 20. all soldiers who had teen enrolled sixty d.iya in the Mexican war vere given pension wh-n sixty-two years of age. That a lss than thirtyfive years after the close of the war. It Is now almost thirty-six years since the close of the war of the rebellion, but no uch favor lias been extended to union soldiers. Th" Journal does not Join in the

seemingly unreasonable attacks upon the commissioner of pensions; at the sam9 time

it protests against those outrageous as saults upon the men and women who ere drawing pensions, by which all are Indis criminately charged with fraud and per jury. Tin: tax rati: of citii:. The tax rate in cities and townships. while it is less discussed than national and State taxation. Is far more important. because it is a much heavier burden than all others combined and is the tax which s increasing from year to year. For that reason all questions of local taxation should receive more attention and be the topic of more discussion than they have received In the past. The rate of taxation in a few cities, with the percentage of the market value of the property upon which the assessments are made, are of Interest. They are as follows: Hate of taxation on JKo. Percentage of tax valuation to full value. ir per cent, loo percent. 20 per cent. IV) per cent. f8 per cent. so per cent. 40 per cent. SO per cent, lot) fier cent. so per cent. VO per cent. ',(, 2-3 per cent. per cent. W 2-3 per cent. K"0 per cent. K0 per cent City. Boston New York .. 2 21 4.7'J 1..TO 2.W 1. VJ 2. CO 1. r.4 2. ::i 2 f0 l.V Chicago Cleveland ... Cincinnati .. Detroit Kansas City . Louisville Milwaukee .... New Orleans . Philadelphia . Pittsburg San Francisco ... 1.70 ... ... 1 .IC ... 1.40 ... 1.2J St. Louis Wilmington .. Indianapolis . It is probable that the county tax is In cluded in some of the foregoing rates, but In most of them the figures represent only the taxation for city purposes. In all of the Eastern cities the cost of the Improve ment of streets and the construction of sewers is assessed upon the property of the whole city, Instead of upon tho property fronting upon or adjacent to the streets Improved, as is the case in Indian apolis and many other cities in the West. If such Improvements were Included in the general tax in this and other cities the tax rate would be considerably higher than it nov: is. The general complaint, not only In tho larger, but in the smaller cities, is the growing rate of taxation. In towns which are purchasing the equipment essential to cities such an Increase should be expected. Cities generally are growing, and because of the trolley lines are extending so that expenditures for police, fire departments and schools must keep pace with such expansion. Nevertheless the rate of taxation should not be increased in a growing city much beyond the Increase of taxable prop erty. Pccausc a city gains 4 or 5 per cent. in population In a year the rate of taxation should not be increased In like ratio, since, with this new population, capital must come to give employment. The levy in this city increased for strictly municipal purposes 21 2-3 per cent, from 1W to (1900. Yet, with this increase, there will be a deficit at the close of the year 1001. In ad dition to this increase of 21 2-3 per cent, in the rate of taxation the bonded debt of the city has been increased JTW.Ch.K) since 1S!6. This is a matter which should Interest citizens, since a city cannot go on indefi nitely increasing its public burdens at such a rapid rate. Mr. Lew Wallace, jr., in his address yes terday declared that tho labor union is In no respect like the trust which he de nounces. He did not, however, undertake to prove that the labor union is not a com binatlon to direct labor In the Interest of its members, wnat Mr. Wallace calls a "trust" Is a combination of capitalists to control the production and fix the prie of an article. If It can do this the trust creates a monopoly. The labor union is organized to control labor in certain lines and to fix the hours and wages. It will not, as a rule, permit men who are not members of unions to work alongside of Its members in the same employment. More than any combination of capital the combination of labor seeks to create a monopoly by restricting employment In any department of production to its membership. Tile Cleveland Leader says Saloons should not be wide open day and night while the (Irand Army is there, the intimation being that the veterans will become intoxicated and keep so. There Is not a particle of danger in that direction. A limited number of such visitors may take a drink or two with comrades, but the mass of those who attend such meetings are very temperate, if not total abstainers. When an Indiana encampment of the Grand Army was about to be held in a certain town the saloon keepers contributed handsomely to the entertainment fund, expecting to recoup from the visiting veterans. After the encampment the saloon keepers said that the Grand Army were total abstainers. Mr. Poultney Blgelow will be surprised when he reads the Sentinel of Monday and discovers that he is an Englishman. Perhaps he wouldn't mind being mistaken for a German, being so chummy with Emperor William, you know that is you know if you have read Poultney's letters but an Englishman, oh, no! FH01M HITHER AND YON. ('oiiiInK to It. Brooklyn Citlren. Brooklyn Worklnsman's Wife (In 103) What's happened, Danny? Hsr Husband (desperately) Well, I've been fired by J. P. Morgan, and there's nobody el?e in the world to work for! The rhlcnsro I.Ibrnry. Town Topics. "Oh. rPft. now kind of you to buy me such a beautiful volume for my birthday aMft." And Irrne Dearborn's eyes filled with ha pp. tears a t-ha ban eagerly to turn over the leaves of the edition le lax of the Chieaso directory. Not Tlmt Kind. Chicago Tribun. "Th"sr hivllnge of c-ijital may interrupt me," howled th hatrgy-haired orator, "but they can't make me stop talklnv! If thy had thlr way, my fellow-citizens, they would silence rae with K'.ant powder:" "Not at all. sir," replied or.e of the Jeering n.lnions of capital. "Thy would ue Insect powder or. yon." A Dangerous Experiment. Cleveland Plain Dealer. "I see that a Pari phyelc!an has decided to trocculat himself Mith bovine tuberculous in tudr to tet th Knch theory." 'i ll bet he'll prove that Koch i. right." "Yes. but suppooir.g: he should get the mooin habit fix-d on him. and begin to chew the cud and want to hook things? Wouldn't that be almost ns bad? ' I.nurel Not Sn tiafnrtory. Chic go Post. H?r naterly -ttrt had ben received with etreme favor by th ethr members of the woman' club. "Thre can be in duht." a.erted or.o e-f hr aoni1rrf. "that you are. entitled to the launl wreath." "Laurel wreath!" repeated the buddlns; poet.

bitterly. "What a the matter? Can't th flub afford any rose??"

MUundertood. Beverage. "I would lik a straw with this lemonade." iald the lady at the tibi to the server of the beverage. Hey?" ejaculated th waiter, who wa? hard of hearing:. "No; ttraw, I aid." ENGLISH CANTEENS. Tommy Atklna Suffer neemiae of Speculative Stewards. London Chronicle. At this season of the year, Just when the camps and maneuvers are beginning, we wish to call attention again to the question of soldiers' canteens. As is perfectly well known, they have hitherto been liable to serious abuses. The British soldier has been robbed that contractors may make fortunes, and noncommissioned officers pocket bribes In the shape of presents, secret rebates, discounts and other unfair forms of profit. Temptatioas are continually offered by large firms to canteen stewards, and there is no code of honor strong enough to keep the stewards from yielding. In very many if not in most cases they become accomplices with the contractors in taking money out of their comrades' pockets. For a few years past there has been a movement to check the scandal, and It arose in the army Itself. The recent annual report of the Canteen and Mess Cooperative Society traces its history. The idea was first put in practice by Major Lionel Fortescue, of the Seventeenth Lancers, who was killed in action In South Africa last year. Ten years ago he took the management of the canteen into his own hands, bought la fair markets, insisted on honesty in the steward, and within a year found that the profits had doubled and that twice as much could be returned as bonus to the men, though he had reduced prices 20 per cent. The last accounts we have of his canteen show that his system had, in fact, Increased the men's pay by 3 cents a day. On the strength of his success Major Fortecue assisted Major Crawford, late of the Grenadier Guards, to establish the Canteen and Mes-3 Co-operative Society, which first began its work at Caterham. The War Office has discouraged the society as it discourages everything new and most things that can be of advantage to the soldier. But in spite of that the society has developed rapidly, and in the first four years of its existence its turnover grew to 150.CiO $7i,ooo. Shareholders are not allowed to hold more than JJ2W ($l,(nJ) apiece, and their interest is limited to a maximum of 5 per cent, it fs hoped to abolish private shareholders altogether, and to make the regimental institutes the members, so that the society might become the sole property of those institutes, the profits being shared entirely among the consumers. And we feel sure that when the War Office and com manding officers fully nppreher.d both the objects and methods of the society the passive opposition which still exists in some quarters will disappear. It would be an enormous advantage, not only to the soldier, but to the country, if all the canteens in the army were managed on these co-operative and profit-sharing principles. VOLTS AND PRESENCE 0V MIND. II osY n Kinn lp Airnlnst Them Sared Ills Life. Cincinnati Enquirer. Five thousand volts of electricity were hurled Into E. L. Price, an electrician at the Edison Company plant yesterday, and he walked over to tho City Hospital to tell 'em about it. It proved to be the tallest thing in the line of a story of that kind the doctors had ever heard. "A few hundred of thoso things volts of electricity kill a person," remarked one of the doctors, eyeing the electrician askance. "Just so," said the electrician, "but always put in providing a c ircuit be formed." "You say 5,0X volts of the stuff entered your body?" inquired another one, gazing at the man in wonder. "Yes, sir," Price replied; "5.0 volts registered." "Didn't it do anything at all to you?" asked n physician. "Nothing but this," replied Price, and holding up his left hand he showed the two middle fingers split a little at the tips. "That's all, except kind of a queer feeling in my breast, as if somebody had hit me there, out not very hard. When my fingers touched the f.o0-volt wire I knew enough not to try and put the wire away from 'em with my other hand. If I had. of course my life would have snuffed out quicker'n a match in a gale. But at that 1 might have done so. for the shock as it was was enough to make the oldest hand at the business forget for the instant all he knew. It's the old question of keeping your presence of mind, no matter what happens.. Let a. person one part of whose body comes in contact with a live wire of whatever strength keep presence of mind enough not to touch the wire with another part of his body, like the other hand or a foot or any other part of his body, and he will most generally get awav alive. This, of course, is providing there's somebody else around or within call to come and knock the wire away with a club. "And the rescuer, under such circumstances, should not try to push the wire away, for this may cause him to get fastened to it himself. It Fhould always be knocked away with a blow, any kind of a blow. This gives only instantaneous contact, and the momentum of the blow sends the wire away from the club the next second after contact." Dr. Grless, receiving phvsician of the hospital, dressed the slight bounds on Price's lingers and sent him on his way rejoicing. WAR ON MODERN LINES. Prophecy ns lo Hovr I'utnre Conflict or Nation Will Hp Conducted. II. G. Wells, in rorth American Review. Probably, between contiguous nations that have mastered the art of war. Instead of the pouring clouds of cavarly of the old dispensation, this will be the opening phase of the struggle, a vast deal all along the frontier between groups of skilled marksmen, continually being relieved and refreshed from the rear. Probably for a time there will be no definite army here or there, no controllable battle, no great general In the field at all. But, somewhere far in the rear, the central organizer will sit at the telephonic center of his vast front, and he will strengthen here and feed there and watch watch perpetual' the pressure, the ir.eessant. remorseless pressure that is seeking to wear down his couneervailing thrust. Behind the thin firing line that is actually engaged the country for many miles will be rapidly cleared and devoted to the business ol war. B'g machines will be at work mak ing the s-cond. third and fourth lines of trenches mat may needed if presently the firing lin is forced back, spreading out transverse paths for the swift, lateral movement of the cyclists who will be in perpetual alertnena to relieve sudden ioenl pressures. And all along those great motor roads our first anticipations sketched, thero will be a vast and rapid shifting to and fro of big. long-range guns. These guns will probably be rought with the heln of ha I loons, whi.'h will hang above the lirlne line all along the front, incessantly a.-cending ana withdrawing. I.eae MnjeMy. New York Evening Post. "Lese majesty" is an old story In tier many, but a recent incident shows that it may have new aspects. According to this latest development of the theory, all the Emperor's belongings are regarded as sa cred. A one-year volunteer of the better class was on parade with the cavalry regi nient of which he was n member. Some misconduct or Ms horse excited his anger, and he svwre emphat'cally as he reduced the beast to order, a sersreant who hnd W!i the action and cverheard the words reprimanded him sharply, not for breaking rank, nor uir laiKing on parade, hut for insulting a horse of his Prussian Majestrv's service "Beleidigung eines kocniglkhen pretisfliscr.en Dienst prerdes! One More (innr. Boston (ilobe. Another of Brigham Young's widows 1 dead, and now there arp only four lonelv relicts to console each other in their sad ncreav emciu.

BLOOD WILL TELL.

In the South It en pi nur the lleult of Masculine Degradation f Colfax (Ind.) Standard. Th air in the South has been polluted for the past month with the sickening odor of burning human flesh. Negroes have been roasted alive at a half dozen or more places by howling mobs frenzied by some real or imaginary offense agaln?t society. We are informed, however, that in some Instances the mobs were cool, deliberate, methodical and orderly. If the latter statement be true the heinousness of the offense is much more apparent. When men will go about the revolting and inhuman details of burning a human being at the stake one cannot refrain from asking: What cruelty will they not resort to, and how long will it be until men wM be roasted alive for mere waywardness or that perversity of temperament that yields easily to patiently applied mild remedies? To the observer it is plainly apparent that the South is reaping a harvest the result of a seed time of crime paying a part of the debts that unchaste manhood has been making for two centuries. For more than 2W years the chastity of the negro woman has been considered the common property of soulless whelps who boasted of the superiority in all things of the white man. The white moral leper has skulked to the cabin under cover of night or dragged Ignorant womanhood to lower and more debasing levels in the cotton field. So long has the negro woman's virtue been considered a marketable commodity at the disposal of the white man that the ebony black of the native African has been partially eliminated and in its stead the negro has taken on the moral depravity of men who led the dual lives of posing as the salt of the earth in public and cohabiting with their slaves under cover of darkness. This practice has continued for so many generations in the South that the blue-eyed negro and those with no other African distinguishing characteristics but the flat nose and thick lips are quite common. What but crime, revolting and shocking, could be expected from a generation with a long anceFtry of moral depravity back of it? Again wo say it is evident that the South is reaping the results of masculine degradation. While idolizing the white woman and teaching her that toll was debasing and ease and luxury her heritage, the so-called knighthood of Dixie has laid the foundation, by immoral practice, for a menace to the white woman that the niot drastic measures will fail to stop. When some negro brute assaults a white woman he is doing only what thousands of white men have done with the negro woman for ten generations. He Is simply following tho dictates of the birthmark of inheritance. Another thing, too, that emphasizes how dearly the South is paying the price of past disregard of moral laws lies in the fact that the public conscience has become so corroded that men will participate In burning those at the stake who have the white blood of some of the mob coursing in their veins. Such voices as Brady, Graves and Howens, with "the new South" as a watch word, have revolutionized commercial con ditlons In Dixie and laid the foundation for a new industrial era. ureirnsnt with man making force: but this new crav matter in the commercial brain cannot divert condi tions from that logical comnensation which is a law of nature, hint and exacting. There is no way of escaping the whirlwind when we nave once sown the wind; the little foxes destroy the vines; and h. man or nation, who weaves a thread of wrong In the moral fabric of existence cannot divert the rent that always appears first nt the weakest point. The blackness of social de pravity may be gilded for a time, but lust so sure as murder will out in obedience to an inflexible law of JuMc that pervades an nature. Just so sure will beastliness and lustfulness-come to the surface with shock ing awrulness. The crimes of the netrro of the South urn not the result of ritizenshln conferred urnm A. 1 1 1 . " ' me oihck man. i ne cause wan woven Into the social fabric hsck in the days of slavery unci since, too. aien mat are begotten in crime no odd.i how much it may be winked at cannot after generations of such prac tices, rise aoove their environment k .m.3 become mundane saints. The white man of the bouth sowed the wind ami he rnnv do. vote his best energy, between drinks, to burning negroes and he will only add to the niueousness or tne scar he has made. Na iure does not adjust herself by any such means, l he burning of a negro Is a terrible arraignment and hissinir criticism of tho practices that have led down not up to 5?ucu iui excuse ior justice. LINCOLN AND DOUGLAS. An Interesting Ilemlniscence of Illi nois Politics. St. Louis OIobe-Democrat. In the summer of lSf.s, about midday. Lincoln entered the law office of Lawrence Weldon, at Clinton. As he deposited him self in a chair he looked at Weldon, and, with a humorous expression on his face, said: "Well. I'm here." "Yes," replied Weldon, "I see you are." "While I have the right of any other cit izen to be here or anywhere else I please," Lincoln went on, "I don't feel altogether unembarrassed." At Clinton that day culminated a crisis In the relations of Lincoln and Douglas as rival candidates for the Illinois senator ship. The series of Incidents which fol lowed Lincoln's arrival in Clinton, if It did not actually bring about the famous joint debate between the men who were to bo presidential nominees in the cam paign two years later, certainly had an important bearing thereon. Judge Lawrence Weldon is the senior justice ef the Court of Claims at Washington, lie be longed to that group of strong characters. lawyers and politicians, of central Illinois which for two generations wielded mighty Influence In the affairs of the Nation. Some years before coming to Washington to take the place on the Court of Claims. Judge Weldon was a law partner of David Davis at Bloomington. In ls."S he was liv ing and practicing at Clinton, and was the friend of Lincoln. "Clinton." said Judge Weldon. recalling circumstances and conversations of fiftythree years ago as readily as if thev were of last week, "was the headquarters of 'the Danltes.' That was the name which was given to a faction of Democrats in Illinois which was antagonistic to Judge Douglas. In making his campaign Douglas had come to Clinton to speak. Lincoln was there to hear him. Douglas traveled by special train with two coaches and a fiat car. On the Hat car was a cannon. as soon as me irain arriveu wnere a meeting was to be held the cannon was fired a number of times to Inform the people. Because of the fact that Clinton was recognized as a center of 'the Danites.' there was great excitement over the meet ing to be held that day. Lincoln had csnc cial reasons for wanting to hear Douglas There had ben several speeches up to that time, but no joint debate had been ar ranged. References of the candidates to each other had been growing more pointed. Lincoln had made his 17th of June snt ech. in which he had charged that 'James and Stephen and Roger (meaning James Bu chanan, Stephen A. Douglas and Hoger Janey) "are in a conspiracy to nationalize slavery, through the administration's no! icy in Kansas, the Nebraska compromi.-u and the Dred Scott decision. "Douglas," said Judge Weldon. "had made his Chicago speech following this declaration by Lincoln. He had not answered the charge, but had wholly ignored it. At the same time, instead of confining himself to a discussion of national Issues and to his own course in Congress, he had devoted a considerable portion of his speech to Lincoln and had attacked him personally. This gave Lincoln Ids opportunity, and he took advantages of it in a speech at Springfield a few days Liter. In the course of his analysis of the Chicago speech of Douglas, Lincoln said: " 'The Senator has referred to me personally, nut he has not answered the charge 1 made. Therefore, I am entitled to take default on the bill against him." "The Republicans had. of course, made much of thi failure of Douglas to meet the assertion of Lincoln. The next Important event of the campaign was this meeting at Clinton. Public Interest in what Don gl ts m'ght have to say was keyed t a high pitch. Lincoln hud left HpringhVld and had come to Clinton to listen, although, ao he said, he was 'not altogether unembarrassed.' Lincoln cam1 to my office n soon as he reached Clinton and rernaine-d the-re until It was time to go to the meeting, w hich wa to b held In a grove. While we sat In my olfic talking about the campaign Lincoln told me that Judge Douglas had at that time in his pocket a challenge to Joint debate. 'What do you thinK of it?' Lincoln asked. " Well.' I said, 'if you have already challenged him, the question is not on the docket.' . "When we started for the meeting Lincoln suggested that we keep out of the way of the procession, lie shI1 he didn't care to be any more conspicuous than necessary. We took a roundabout course. When we got to the grove we found a place near to

the stand, but at the same time rather out of range. During the entire meeting I did no see Douglas look toward Lincoln. Aft. r

a while Douglas took up the rnar iyspoke of Lincoln as his competitor. I don t think he said 'distinguished competitor. But after stating the declaration i-mium had made, Douglas said: "'I can't b unwrrlnir every charge made against rn especially one which is false. The gt-ntlnmaii claim to have taken default on his bill against me. He is claiming default ag-.iinst the Constitution of the Fnited States." 'I'pon that line." continued Judge eldon, "Douglas dwtit lor some tlmt. trying" to put Lincoln in antagonism to the con stitution. Then he became very bitter ami personal in his language. Lincoln was as white as a sheet. I turned to him and suiJ: " 'I think he knows you are here.' " '1 guess -o,' Lincoln replied. "When Douglas finished there went up a great cry for Lincoln. Tho scene was intensely exciting. Everybody looked toward Lincoln and the demand for him was ovi rwhtiming. The Democrats shouted for Douglas. They were perhaps slightly In the majority, but no more. " 'You can't speak here. I said. " 'Of course not.' Lincoln replied. V 'Tell them you will speak at the court house to-night.' 1 suggested. "Lincoln arose and looked around him. The shouting subsided. For the first time during the afternoon Douglas looked in the direction of Lincoln. The two men faced each other. Douglas was in the act of put ting on his collar, which he had taken ofT when he began. It was a hot day. As soon as there was silence Lincoln said: " 'Of course I can't speak here. This is Judge Douglas's meeting. But. ladies and gentlemen, if you wish to hear me discuss the issues of the campaign I will meet you at the east door of the courthouse at early candle light this evening. And then (Lin coln swung out his long arm in the direc tion of Douglas so far it almost seemed as if he would hit him) 1 will answer what Judge Douglas has said.' "Lincoln spoke that night to a great crowd at the courthouse. Douglas left Clinton. He was to speak two davs later at Montieello. The day after the Clinton meeting I said to Lincoln in the course of a conversation: " 'What do you think Douglas Is doing to day?' " 'Wallowing around Decatur. I suppose. Lincoln replied. That day Douglas accepted Lincolns challenge to Joint debate. He datd it from the Utile town of Bement on his way to his Montieello appointment." FASTERS AND FASTING. Folk Tlmt Seem ot to Xeed Three Meal n liny. Philadelphia Ledger. A few days ago the Ledger reported the case of Mrs. Jane Lynn, who lived near Franklin, Pa., but who died after a fast of sixty-one days, during which, said the reporter, with scrupulous exactness, "she swallowed only one ounce of food and for fifty-five days she took absolutely nothing. with the exception of a small glass of water occasionally." The report compared this case with that ef Dr. Tanner, who won fame by fasting for forty days; but Dr. Tanner has been outclassed so often that h is no longer an object of interest. Sinco his time there have been many individuals who have fasted from thirty to sixty or more days, and most of them declared that their health was much improved by the process. One of tho most interesting of these was Leonard Thress, of this city, who, in the winter of 1:00, fasted for fifty dayx, as a cure for dropsy. At the end of that time he ate a hearty meal, smoked a cigar and declared that he never felt better in his life. His weight had diminished from 2(0 to 1J pounds, but the drop.y had left him .and he was physically sound and well. Another remarkable faster is Alis Kstella. F. K-uenzel, also of this citv. whose case was reported in the Ledger on Dec. 25, IS'JD. but without giving her name. Miss Kuenzel fasted forty-live days, but, unlike Dr. Tanner, she did not shut herself un In a room and take no exercise. Hhe walked lomr dis tances almost every day, and on the fortyfourth Iay of her fast covered seven miles. Perhaps the most remarkable thintr about her experience was that during her last she lost only twenty pounds in weight. Just at present there seems to he some thing of an epidemic of fasting. Several in stances have appeared in recent news reports. On Aug. 5 Miss Agnes Mitchell, of Detroit, ended a fast of forty-six days, undertaken to cure a stomach trouble. She nearly collapsed during that time, becoming leaf. dull of sight and at times unconscious; but on the forty-sixth day she sur prised i nose about her by saying, "I feel hungry," tcok some wheat broth, and the report says: "It is confidently expected by her family that she will regain her health." About the same time Dr. Immanuel Pfeiffer, of Boston, ended a thirty-davs" fast undertaken in the interests of science. Dr. Pfeiffer made daily notes of his nrocress, nnd found that h lost In weight near ly a pound a day. He lost most flesh on days when he drank but litle water, when ne overexerted himseir, or when the heat was excessive. On some days he gained In weight, and his whole loss in the thirty days was twenty-six pounds. It was his third experience in fasting, and he declares he will not be satisfied until he has fasted sixty days without losing weight a feat which Dr. Tanner, who is now in New York, encourages him to believe is possible. Like Dr. Tanner, he broke his fast with a perfectly enormous meal, and felt no ill effects from it. The fast of F. IL Butterfield, director of music in the public schools of NewBedford, which began about Julv 1., was still in progress at last accounts. 'Mr. Butterfield was a suiTerer from Indigestion. He took advantage of his vacation to camp out in the Maine Woods and do his fasting away from the curious crowd, but to an interviewer who found him there he said; "I am not fasting for a record or because I enjoy it; I am too good an eater for that. I stopped rating simply because I was convinced that it was the only wav to ward off a severe illne.. have now gone- over twenty-five dnys nnd have no craving for food. How hing before I shall is a eu?tion time nlone can answer T am not well yet; my tongue mut look better than that before my stomach calls a halt in my fasting." So it seems there uro people to whom three square meals a day are not an actual necessity. ANTIQUITY OF STRIKES. Labor Tremble in Kitypt Pre-Chrls-tinn Tlmen. Philadelphia Time. Labor strikes nre of great antiquity. Although, owing to the different conditions of labor, anciently they were on somewhat different lines from those of the present day. As an available starting point for such movements the case of the Hebrews in Egypt Is given, which the Egyptians tried to put down by the Imposition of still heavier tasks. Pre-Christian and mediaeval history also contain many instances of the workman rebelling against what he thought to be mate rial wrong. The guilds or old trade associations of England, which included both masters and workmen, did something toward smoothing the relations of labor and capital. These were suppressed by Henry VIII. and. although revived in succeeding reigns, were not as effective as they had been. England appears to have been first ift establishing the trade union, as at present known. Originally these combinations of Workmen were iOoro or les prohibit-! there under severe penalties. Tne txtonsive Introduction of machinery tow-aid the latter end Of the eighteenth centurv gave a great impui.-e to tho trade-union principle, and by 1VL' most, if not all. en the legislation against them had been wiped off the statute, books in England. The efforts of the workman in Franc' to throwoff the legal restraints against hi- combining with hi- fellows were Ir nmf.vvl ful. penalties being in for e agairn-t it as late as 1-'X The ti a'. -union idea in the English sense took hold in Oermany the same year. The righi to make protest or appeal as a body wi early claimed by the workmen of America. The lirst recorded strik" m this country as a re-ult of such -ornbina-tion took place in 1741. Where It iecurrel is not told, but Is thought to hav b en at Boston. In this ea- the lenders we re tried for c ousplrae y. The shoemakers of thl.eitv brought about the next big strike. It .started in 17i and lasted three years. The sailors er Philadelphia struck loi higher wages in I-1".;. The leaders of it wer- arresld ami imprisoned. A New York strike of W by the shoemakers first brought the word "scab" into use. and a printers' strike in 2 gave title to th - epithet "rat." a- anolieel to a nnj:nlon man. The worm u struck for the fir?t time in a shoerna king stiike at Lnn. The strike failed. Rioting js not mentioned ms a feature if etrikes until 1MV This took place at Pittsburg. MiiH while violent, wa not ainmihjr.ii,! by loss of life.

SHIPS TOO BIG FOR FIL0TS.

They Find Difficulty in Hoarding the New 4 i ti t Ocean l.iner. St. L'iiii R public. The immense size of ti... i, w ir.in gl-tnt, the Celtic, has rai.-ed a rioU e;ue.vt; i;; among pilots and steamship ta. n g rurally. The Vlti i nine storl.-s in height, and five stories of th nine are above the water line. What inter sts the pilots is. how ..: they get up the side of this giant without the expenditure ot enough energy to run a sawmill for several minutts? This I really a serious quest'. n. Th" climb i- a b.ard one. Imagine staling the bare side of a five-story building on a fiapp-ng. wriggling ladder f rope! It requires strength and skill; just how much of the former l shown by the fact that within a iomp. natively short time two pilots have fallen dead of heart disease on the deck after making the climb. These deaths did not occur on the Celtic; there are other big ships up whoso towering sides it is an awful job to climb. Among these vessels, are the Deutschland, the Oceanic, the Campania, the Lucania and tho Wilhelm der (.rosse. None of them is as large as the Celtic, but each is a giant. It is not an easy thing to climb a short distance on one of these rope ladders. The ships do not stand still like .a house. They pitch and roll. Pitch and roll No. 1 sends the pilot swinging far away off the side of the ship like a pendulum. Pitch and roll No. 2 brings him back quickly, and slap! he goes against the iron plates. As most of the pilots are elderly men and inclined lo fleshiness, the ascent of a big ship is not viewed with unmixed delight by tbm. In New York harbor, Alfred Randier and John Canvin, pilots, paid with tluir live for boarding big ships. In each ca.:-e they dropped dead almost on the instant that they reached the deck. Ilaudier had his hand stretched out to grasp that of the ship's captain when he fell. Both hnd beta suffering from heart disease, and the violent exercise iff climbing killed them. D. A. Nash, secretary of the New York Board of Commissioners of Pilots, lu s been laboring for a leng time with the steamship companies tj provide an improved type of ladder. The one that is used commonly consists simply of four ropes, with knots at intervals to hold the littb footboard in place. A person can climb tip on these ladeiers, but so can a person stand em his head. There are. however, occupations more comfortable than either of them. A favorite idiosyncrasy of the common rope ladder is not only to sag to on side and then the other, but it also writhes like a serpent with indigestion. Then usually, when the pilot is half way up. the thing adds a new trick to the others. It bgins to twist. Sometimes it twists slowly, sortietimes it twists so fast that it spins like a top. It happens so often that a pilot is thrown while mounting one ut tluse things that it is the Invariable rule for the yawls to shoot away from the side of th ship as soon as the pilot has begun dim bin sr. This Is done so that. If ho falls, he sh ill fall into soft water instead of a hard boat. Some of the tearnslnp line have adopted an improved ladder In response to Mr. Nash's suggestion. They have horizontal iron rods placed along their ladders at intervals, so that the affair -annot spin. But tho right kind of ladder is yet to be found on most hhips. It Is the one tint the pilots want, and it certainly seems a wish that is meidest enough, for their elosign doe s not resemble a grand staircase bv any means. Th y desire a ladder of tho common rope ladder type, but thev want tin miboards made oval instead of square, and just above each footboard they want an iron rod. ho that they will have something to hold on with. This ladder would be fairly steady, and while it Is not so luxurious that it threatens to make steamship hoarding from a sailboat a fad, It will at e.vt save the pilot from being treated to dally teetotum experiences. The past year has seen great changes In the problem confronting pilots. Ships go out now with drafts that far exceed anything that ever had been thoucht possible. In :7, whe n there was pronounced agitation looking to the widening of the main ship channel at New York to r.eX) fret and its deepening to thirty-five feet, well-informed shipping men said that there was no doubt that In time ships wendd draw from twenty-eight to twenty-nine feet of water regularly, and that some few might even draw thirty feet. This was considered a daring prophecy, but in tho year Just ended the following drafts were recorded nt New York by the pilots and forwarded to the board of engineers of the I'nited States army, who have charge of the harbor Improvements; Patricia, 31 feet f. Inches; Deutschland. 'M feet; Bulgaria, SI feet; Cimrle, ;:i feet; Minnehaha. S2 feet 2 inches; Belgravia, 31 feet 6 inches: Minneapolis, 2 feet C inches; Minnehaha. 22 feet & inches; (Iraf Waldrrsee. .12 feet: Minneapolis, 22 feet 3 Inches; Patricia. :i2 feet; Minnehaha. ?.2 feet 2 inches: Minnehaha, Z2 fret C Inches; Minnehaha. Z2 feet 4 inches; Minneapolis,. ?.2 feet 2 inches. Under these circumstances It is only a matter of a short time before th channels of the harbor absolutely will have to be deepened and widened. The pilots nre extremely anxious for Improvement. They have found the burden of piloting increased immeasurably by the knowledge that few of the big ships that they guide out have water enough under their keels, nnel that some day a great vessel, going out or coming in across the bar In a storm, will strike when a big wave ships from under her. BLOWING UF ARCH ROCK. The Sight rXeem to Huie Iteen Worth eelfifr. San Francisco Chronicle. Arch Rock is gone. . Over where it once arose, a menace to navigation, mariners may soon, it is believed, steer their craft in perfect confidence. A few minute? past noon yesterday Miss. LuelJa Axman. daughter of the contractor who has had the work in hand, pressed the button which unloosened alt the rxploive force of thirty tons of nitro-gt latin, well placed in hundreds of hole under the great crag. And then tho watching hundreds on the boats and the many thousands on the hills were transfixed in attention. They saw a mountain of tumbling waters, dotte.l here and there with le-bris, rising majestically hundreds of feet in the air where an instant be fore had been a long fiat ph'tform shining In the- midst of the" sunlit, peaceful strait. The waters had hardly subside d w hen score s f e ra ft if very description headed for the scene .f the- upheaval. Pieces of timber wer -.iger-ly taken in a? souvenirs, while boatmen did a lively business picking up dead Tih. For acres ami acres the waters were whit a with foam and strewn with debris. Presently the contractor's boat came nj. and began making sounding-. Whether the s-i-ed depth has been ma at all points cannot b- ascertained now. but there is nothing as yet to Indi that alte-r dredging out th- loo.-. rock the channel will not be chared. Th engineers in charge nre conti. b-nt that the result is altogether suecesf ul. It wus ascertained by Colond Ileur. by means of photographs and triangul.itb.n. that the maximum height iabed by th water was 4-i fc-t. In th' f.rM Sheg ro tc e xplosion the column ac nd-d i"l feel; in the- second hl'"1 l'-'t. In the- umo.int ed explosive used th- pr -'it opratlor s -a re excee-ded hlv bv th blowi::g no of HeJJ (late in Nw York harbor in 1'7'i. On that occasion blH-k powder wa" u-.-d. Th.- charging f a mine of su h magnitudein the immediate vicinity of a, city was then altogether uupr' ;. -nt.-d and dire re sults w. re predicted. To those- who saw the splnrlid : 1 1 r i ' of wahr which sprang nKyward a. lull thousand f-et vvh-:i the Shag r. k mir Were r-h't til special le est l ! iy W..S sou., thing "f a !i-appoint me i t. i'mbr hhag roek then had b. en but ight -tor. a ol nit r -glyoerin. l'n.b r Arch to k more than thirty tons had been ploed i:i the different irillings and a n in. w hat proportionate re- dt was anticipated. It was ilif!'cult for the spectators to" ---timate the h ig!it to whic h the tr in. -ndoag body ef displaced water wa thrown. .t hrst it s.'trcd as though th- Shg r' k exhibition was to be altogether dwariVJ by the immens column of w it r uüb h suddenly soared gracefully toward t!.e ztnith. But. t rcuieiidoiis hi volume though it w?s, the gr. at white flood dij not n ach the expect ! Light. Vi -wed from the south th" .: endir.f water se-md to rise from the we:in end of .the long working platform Si'Mm.Ihi astward as it rose, earrjir.g hundr ds of with it and a gn at bur. leu f ladiscriminate tlmb r. It s..ou r. .uiod a length almo-t twice- tb.it of it- ?,li:t. Then some idea could be gained of the thousands upon thou-md" of cubic ,:idJ of water that bad b n lifted into midelr. The de p i rl-rat ion eame acros l! water to one's ar only alter the oeointiin of water had almost siih-dd.-d. !? de.p rumble gave a new Impression nf tie depth. of the ills lurb .me e. The ton- of 0'k which uete lifted far cut e.f the water could not be so well he ii a tile scattering fragme-nt-- of the demolished coffer.