Indianapolis Journal, Volume 51, Number 203, Indianapolis, Marion County, 22 July 1901 — Page 4

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THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, MONDAY, JULY 22, 1901.

THE DAILY JOURNAL

MONDAY. JULY 22, IPol. Tcleulne Cull lld mid rw.) Pütne Opy editorial P.oorr.s TEIMSS OF M l'M'UI I'TION. r.y CAr.r.ii:.".-!Nr)i.NAroija an! sunuitus. I'ailv. Fm-I.ir Irclubd. .'0 cent per month. D.iüv. w!th-i;t Kini'hy, ! cer.tn i er month. hi-n.Ur. mthout .;.n!y. im lrr year. fcir.Kle copies: l?.iy. - cents; Sunday, 5 cent. IJY AO "NTS EVERYWHERE: IAl!y. per w-k. 10 rents. rally. Sunday Ir ri : le !. I T weck. U cents. bunJay, jt Issue. 5 cents. r.Y mail. ini:r.tr: Daily edition, rr.o yenr raiiy an 1 Sun-Jay. per year fcunuay only, one year REDUCEU KATES TC CLUBS. 15. M 7.00 2.00 Weekly Edition. Or ecpy. cn y.ar. ..fin cent viv 'nt! Mr mirth for -veriods le than a year. Ko subscription taken for less than three months. P.EDLX'ED KATES TO CLTJE3. Subscribe with any of our numerous agents or end subscription t the JOURNAL NKWSIWFKR COMPANY, Indianapolis. Ind. Persons sr1!r.ff the J-urn.il thmusrh the mall In the Urlted State should put on an eijtht-pare taper a ONE-CENT postage tarr.p: on a twelve or slxteen-pa;.- paper a TWO-CENT postage stamp. Foreign postage Is usually double these rate. All communication Intended for publication In this rpT mu:. In oriW tn receive attention, be accompanied by the name and address of tne. nrltrr. , HeJcted manuscript will not be returned unless post. is I Inclose.! for that purpose. Enteral a ?econ-l-cl38S matter at Ir.dianapo..s. Ind.. pstoff.ce. Tili: INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL Can be f-in ! at th- fVlowlnr places: NEW YÜKK Astor House. CHICAOO-ralmer Hmisf. P. O Kt-wr Co.. 2i7 Dearborn street. Auditorium Aniiti Hotel. CINCINNATI-J. K. Hawley Co.. 154 Vine etreet. X.UCISVII.I.F: C T. D-er!ns. northwest corner of Third and Jef!ron streets, and Louisville Book, Co.. ri6 Fourth avenue. BT. LOUIS Union News Company. Union Depot. W" A PHI NITON", n. C Rlggs House. Ebbltt lon and V," 11 lard's Hotel. PERFECTING IIli:.S I'OIt SALE. The Journal lias for pal, at a great barrain, one of Its two Hoc presses, which have been In use for a number of years In printing the Journal. It is now being replaced by a large modern, double-supple-ment Hoe press of a capacity commensurate with the growing needs of the paper. The press that Is for sale can be bought at a very reasonable ligure and Is ready for shipment at once. It is in excellent condition and will Rive years of Rood service to some newspaper desiring to use a perfecting press. The purchase price will Include a Jenney motor, direct connected, with which it has been run for the paat three years. This is a great improvement over the oil system of running a press by belts and 13 a Rood saver of power. Correspondence Is invited on this subject from any Interested publishers. Notice to Tourlat. Subscribers leaving the city for a period during the summer can have the Dally and Sunday Journal mailed to any address in the United Etates or Canada ithout extra charge. The aidress will be changed as often as desired. Doth telephones 233. The youn? men now In camp at the fair grounds should not be too hasty in deciding against future service in our island possessions. It Is not always as hot as this In the tropics. Again the Journal begs to remark that it cannot matter who selects the election Inspectors when a voting machine docs the counting. Cannot Indianapolis have voting machines in October? Having put one disorderly and law-breaking saloon out of existence the mayor Bhould proceed to close others in which disturbances have occurred on Sunday and after hours, and which were Quite as eerious as that in the colored man's place which has been closed. There can be no doubt that the Massachusetts judge in the Fosburg trial was right when ho requested reporters to express no opinion regarding the testimony In the case. Comment upon a case wtiiie it , Is pending may affect the opinion of the jur3', because it is assumed that the newspaper reflects public sentiment. A document issued by the Bureau of Information of the War Department shows that the annual cost of the American soldier 13 $1.011.0'!; the German soldier, $201.23; the French. $107.03; the Austrian, $194.54; the Italian, $102.23; the Russian, $135.73. Because of the enormous cost of the Boer war the cost of the Rritish soldier is not given. The great ruh to Oklahoma continues, and up to Saturday last the total registration of claims at the different land offices was over S'Uon. As the registration will not close till the 26th inst. this number will be considerably Increased. A large majority of the landseekers will draw blanks, and many of those who get land will be disappointed in its quality. It may be possible that the Council can prevent the use of thousands of dollar. as a Democratic campaign fund during August and September by limiting the expenditure of the borrowed money for the etreet gang to the average of May and June. In KK) several thousand dollars wen expended by the street repairing department to get votes for Mr. Taggart. A London dispatch says that Lord Fauncefote'n friendly talk about AngloAmerican affairs i- so unusual a procedure for a trained British displomat that it at tracts much attention there. "The practical inrer.c drawn." says the dispatch, 'is that Lord Pauiu-efotc is taking tho Initiative as a peacemaker and in furthering th- n- gott ati ms." There is another yoJble view of the case, and that is that the Brtilr.h minister is throwing bouquets at I'ncle Sam with a:i ultimate view oi "pullir.,; the w.i'd" over the Litter's and getting so:n-- important advantage. U Is well enough to vutch the Gmks, evei. when bringing rifts. In Great Britain th- re are several periodicals which are impressed with the i h a thai It Is recess try th tt Russia and Great Brittin should have a war in order to determine whirl; shall h ive the larger control in the affairs of China, tm- assumption being that one or the other ir.uit dominate in that quarter of the worl 1. Just now telegrams fror.i London in W: te t hat the necessity of euch a war is ft It In England. If war were necessary betwn n the two powere. Great Britain and Russia are in no condition to engage i:i one. Eus.-ia. which Is a borrower of i.nom y and which haj no special means of raising the large sums necessary for a war wltn England, is also hampered by a loss of crops over a large area of Its territory. Great Britain has lost prestige In iu South Africr.n war, and cannot right Russia without largely increasing ita already heavy burden of taxation. Even If

toth governments were not thus hampered it is not probable that those two powers will report tu war to settle differences which are scarcely more than Jealousies. War-making on papr by those who seem to desire to keep alive a war sentiment is one thing, but real war is another, as the British people must realize. the neely case. A Washington special to the Journal states on the authority of an official of the War Department that it Is doubtful whether Charles F. W. Neely, embezzler of Cuban postal funds, will ever be brought to trial. The statement did not imply any doubt of the desire of the administration to bring Neely to justice, but was based on the numerous and seemingly insurmountable technical difficulties in the way. The announcement is disappointing, yet not altogether surprising. Every honest American will regret it if the national honor is net vindicated and the man who smirched It by an exceptionally Infamous breach of trust does not get his deserts, yet all must admit that the case has been surrounded with peculiar difficulties from the beginning. These difficulties grew out of the peculiar relations between the United States and Cuba, for which there was no provision In international law or by treaty. Neely's crime, flagrant as It wa?, was almost as difficult to reach as if it had been committed in midair, a thousand miles from the earth. A special act of Congress defining the crime and a decision of the Supreme Court sustaining the order for Neely'? extradition overcame some of the most serious difficulties and seemed to put the case in a position for trial by the Cuban courts, but now a new, and. It is to be feared, insuperable difficulty occurs in the fact that there is no provision for the compulsory attendance of American witnesses in the Cuban courts. This point could and should have been covered in the act of Congress providing for Neely's extradition, and failure to do so was an unfortunate blunder. It could be covered yet by a supplementary law, but Congress does not meet for nearly six months, and there is danger that the

Cuban authorities will dismiss the case before further legislation can bo had. Thus the outlook for Neely's conviction and punishment i3 discouraging, but there Is no ground for questioning the good faith of the administration and its earnest desire to have justice done In the premises. The failure of Congress to cover the important point above referred to. though greatly to be regretted, was not surprising under the circumstances, as such a case had never come up before. It is to be hoped some way may still be found by which Neely may get his deserts, but the prospect is by no means encouraging. A similar crime committed in Porto Rico or the Philippines would have been punished long ago under the American law which prevails in those islands. A DISCREDITED PROrilET. Persons who read Mr. Bryan's speeches in the last presidential campaign will remember how he lamented the dark prospect before the young men of the country If the Republican party should be successful. "Is it well with the young man Absalom?" he asked in one of his speeches, and then proceeded to show that the young men of the country had very poor prospects of getting jobs if the Republican party should succeed. In his- speech in Madison-square Clarden, New York, he said: I want you to believe me wjen I say that I am more Interested in this campaign as a citizen than 1 am as a candidate; more interested as a father than I am as a Democrat. I have a son and I have laughters. I don't know what my son will be; I don't know what my sons-in-law will be. but J don't want a government good only for lawyers or bankers or trust magnates. .- Mr. Bryan is so thoroughly discredited as a prophet and Is fast becoming so obsolete as a political leader that it scarcely seems worth while to waste ammunition on him, yet it is interesting to note thv:ontrast between what he predicted as the results of Republican success and conditions as they actually exist. A cursory survey of the field should convince any person that so far as the prospect of a Job is concerned it is well with the young man Absalom and that Mr. Bryan need not lie awake nights worrying over the prospects of his son and his sons-in-law. There never was a time In the history of the country when young men who know something or who are capable of doing something were as sure of employment or of rinding ways to independent success as at present. If any young man Absalom is out of a job it is his own fault. Several thousands of them, under unwise leadership, are on strike for a sentiment instead of working for the good wages that still await them, but the number who are at work in different productive industries is many times greater than the number who are not working. The railroads alone are giving employment to 1.017.653 persons, an increase of 8'J.0o0 during the last year. The factories and mills give employment to a still larger number of persons and those engaged in farming outnumber all the rest. The young Absaloms who are prolitably employed in these different industries have no time to waste over discredited prophecies, but they derive a little amusement from recalling the lamentations of Bryan a year ago. A DIFFERENCE I CONVERTS. The declaration of Mr. Towne that free coinage is a dead issue and the calling of Mr. Bryan's attention to that fact came so near together that the motives of both may be considered. Mr. Towne, in h?5, was a Republican member of the House who had attracted considerable attention. He had no grievance against his party, but separated himself from it because by studying the able presentation of the cause of silver by Senator Jones, of Nevada, he, with many others, was convinced I thereby. Out of those arguments Mr. Towne constructed the most taking speech I in favor of free coinage ever made in the ! House, which, when delhering. he demon strated on a blackboard. It was some time before a reply was made, and when it was the illustrated speech of Mr. Towne, sent out by tens of thousands by the silvermine combination, had done its work. If a willing. Mr. Towne was an honest convert to the silver heresy, to which he clung until the last election. Mr. Towne's weakness was due to his acceptance of the Nevada senator's assumptions and plausible statements without Investigation. In his recent Interview Mr. Towne said that "God, in his wise providence, has made the free coinage of silver unnecessary by the largely increased output of gold." Very true, but that increasing output of gold was as visible in 1S4 as in 10W, as was demonstrated times without number. Mr. Towne has discovered that tho volume of money li greater now thin if all the mints had been H to coining silver dollars

in liW. The currency ' growth in recent years proves the accuracy of his statement, as the figures from the latest official

statement show: 1301. JCS.021.2H5 11.:3.323 Cv.124.34S 42,J.C'-VA1S 7'.. 04:5,2' "J 4..677.;M U.4Vi2 3i3.4Jl.22i 1V.5. $4tt.99S.!3 L3.445.vd 34:.730,ol'4 üm;w.47 51. Z'2.$2 1 231.'.4.734 213.7i.02'J 3.31.'W Gold coin Gold certificates Silver dollars Silver certificates ... Subsidiary silver ... Treasury notes United Statt j notes. Bank notes Currency certificates Totals $2.1S4.370.SO) $1.539.10.S4 It is this increase of the currency by $043,407.. or almost 42 per cent., within five years, that has convinced Mr. Towne that a "wise providence" was on the economic side of the question, and he yields to a superior wisdom. With the Sentinel and the larger intelligence of Its party it was differ nt. It had declared against free and unlimited coinage of silver, and it hesitated quite a time before it fully Indorsed the Chicago platform. When it did so it seemed that the whole country was demanding the free coinage of silver. Mayor Taggart was set aside by the Democratic State convention In 1896 because he was not a free silver champion. It was not until the Sentinel saw, as it thought, the certainty of the election of Mr. Bryan in ISiKI that it became an ardent convert to the Bryan silver heresy. Party triumph and general financial disaster being placed before the Sentinel and its party leaders in the West for a choice, they chose the former. The free coinage of silver was as indefensible in U as in iL 01, but to elect a President thej- supported the heresy. If, with all the perils which silvcrism involves. It seemed probable that Mr. Bryan could be elected on -the issue of 16 to 1, the Sentinel and its friends would be denouncing the gold standard and those who advocate it as the allies of the British monetarypower. If, before the next Democratic convention, a wave of sentiment in favor of free coinage should sweep over the country, the Sentinel would eat its bold words to Mr. Bryan and declare its adhesion to 1 to 1. If there were a prospect of victory by supporting free coinage, thousands of Democrats who are saying hard things of Mr. Bryan would now be covering themselves with badges inscribed 16 to 1 and shouting it as they did in The St. Louis Globe-Democrat is of opinion that the corn crop will be cut down to 1.6W.00O.0OO or 1,7üO,oüO,üuO bushels instead of the 2,liW,0X,000 that appeared to be in sight five cr six weeks ago. Whether the estimate is near the fact or not, corn will have a good value during the next year, and the farmer who has a part of last year's crop is most fortunate. Indeed, those who will consult the prices of corn for five or six years will find that it is a good commodity to put away when the price is low. Years ago, when complaining was more frequent than now, uulamityites never wearied of proving that a short corn crop was better for the farmer than a lavish one. It is a fact that the consumer will suffer quite as much as the farmer by a short crop, because all the foods depending upon corn must be higher. An unusually large wheat crop seems to be assured, but short grain crops prevail all over Europe. Countries which usually raise their own bread must rely upon other markets, and those which often have a surplus will have none to sell. With such an outlook, a good price for wheat as well as corn seems to be assured. Governor Stanley,- of Kansas, has Issued a statement in which he says that with the corn crop wholly eliminated Kansas would be in tetter shape this year than in many past years. He says the value of the wheat crop this year will exceed that of last year, while some other crops have yielded well. As to the financial condition of the people he says: In lad, the last short year we had In Kansas, our indebtedness was very large and the amount of money going out of the State to pay interest was enormous. Since that time public and private indebtedness has been largely reduced, and this is bearing a much lower rate of Interest than ever. Thousands of farmers who were in debt at that time are now out of debt, with deposits in the bank, and we owe many million dollars less in Kansas than we did in 1S. The Governor estimates that there are 40.000,000 bushels of old corn in the State and forage enough to winter all the live stock. There is not much danger of Kansas suffering. A New York dispatch says that Private Trlnce, serving in the coast artillery at Fort Hamilton, has fallen heir to a fortune valued at JÖO.im.i, "the bulk of which is in real estate located in Hutton county, Indiana." We fear Private Prince will experience considerable difficulty in locating his property in Hutton county, Indiana. PROM HITHER AND YON. Benson for It. Chicago Tost. "lut the jfown doesn't fit," insisted the patron. "That," replied the modiste calmly, "is because you are not made right." The "Way of the "World. Life. "Dvjckton s-eems to be making desperate love all around this season and he's over eighty." "Yes. Old men will be old men." III View. Tuck. She I suppose you never met your afllnity, Mr. Olebatch? He I don't know. One can't tell one's affinity except by marrying and then it may tarn out to be a iae f mistaken Identity. A Different Estimate. Washington Ftar. "These." ?aid the pott, "are the fierce, wild fancies of my throbhin brain." "Dear me!" sail Miss Cayenne. "I didn't know you'ie writings wore wild. I have so of ten heard them described as quite tame." llulison's Clioiee. Philadelphia Press. "Why don't you put on your hat. my boy?" remarked the summer boarder. "Don't you know you're likely b be sunstruck?" "Yes, I know, but If I go home with wet hair an dad ketches tue there'll be a son struck, anyhow." A Feminine Dednctlon. Baltimore American. "I believe in inakln- hay while the sun shines." said the Vivacious Lady, who had Just earned her alimony check. Naturally." smiled the Sarcastic Spinster. "Being a grass widow, one would expect that of you." INDIANA EDITORIAL NOTES. Have you ever noticed that the plain citizen who gets sick is taken to a sanitarium while the fellow whose condition bailies the skill of th most eminent physicians" always goes to a sanatorium? Anderson Bulletin. The avalanche of Democratic condemnation excited by th Ohio platform Is something stupenduous. It Is more than a Jefferson or a Jackeon could stem and sweeps a man like Bryan clear off the political map. Anderson Herald. Judging from the emphatic indorsements given the Ohio Democratic platform by the

Democratic press throughout the country, there iitcd be no longer doubt as to where the party as a whole stands on the issues of the day. The Democratic press is practically a unit. South Bend Times. Mr. Bryan may not be the presidential candidate of the Democratic party in 1204. but he will perhaps be the candidate of a third party. He has always been a candidate of the third party and the only difference in 1:04 will be that the Democratis will tail t-j indorse, him. Grcentield Republican. When Taggart retires from the Indianapolis mayoralty he will leave as a legacy to his successor an empty treasury as a result of his boasted business administration. Hie management seems to be almost a duplicate ol the great financiering in the K. cf I'. Endowment Rank. Lafayette Courier. An eight-year-old girl has been found in St. Joseph, Mich., who never heard of God or heaven. It U little wonder that children should grow up heathens in that place, where the clergy give the most of their attention to promoting Sunday excursions from Chicago, in order to get marriage fees from the eloping excursionists. South Bend Tribune. Two or three Indiana preachers have, in the past few weeks, created sensations by telling the truth about' dead men at the funerals instead of giving vent to a flood of purple adjectives about virtues the dead never possessed. We see no harm in ministers attempting to tell the truth at the last ceremonies ever held over a human body. We do not sec why friends expect anything else. Richmond Item. Mr. Bryan is getting back at the Ohio Democrats and is criticising them for not adopting the Kansas City platform, and himself, at their recent convention. He thinks the convention made a serious mislake in taking such a stout stand against him, because he is not a candidate for any office. He makts this announcement too late, as the Ohio convention evidently went on the theory that a stitch in time saves nine. Their ttrst object was to discard Mr. Bryan. Cannelton Enquirer. There are several thousand good, honest, compete nt Democrats of Floyd county, men who can read and write and "keep books," and who never were hauled home in a I eastiy state of Intoxication, who are willing and anxious to accept the ottice of county auditor at $4,(iO a year, and they woula give sufficient bond and security to pay their taxes and their wives' taxes to boot. And they will further agree not to insult any one in their ofilce, in saloons or on the streets. And they will agree not to undertake to meddle with other people's business, but attend strictly to the business of the office, and not be considered as bosses. New Albany Public Press..

NO GROUND FOR DIVORCE IILSBAND'S FAILURE TO SUPPORT NO REASON FOR SEPARATION. California Judge Holds It Is the AVIfe'H Duty to Uenr a Part of the Financial Responsibilities. LOS ANGPJLES, Cal., July 21. Judge Waldo M. York, of Los Angeles, is not the most popular man in southern California just now. He has brought down wrath upon his head by declaring from the bench that women should have some of the responsibilities of the support of the family, and the husband's failure to support the wife was not necessarily valid grounds for divorce. This is the judge's ruling: "A wife might easily earn enough to support both herself and husband. I believe that women should bear some of the responsibility of the support of the family upon their own shoulders. We ought all of us to work and do something to keep the world going. The mere fact that this woman and her daughter have had to help sup port the family is not in itself sufficient grounds for divorce." The decision, wlilcTi 1 holding first place with the weather and other topics or conversation, was in the divorce uit Mrs. Flora K. Stephens against Henry G. Mophens. which was decided In favor of the plaintiff. Mrs. Stephens brought action for freedom from her husband on the ground that cruelty and nonsupport, and told a pitiful story. The wife left the husband, but the case is one which under the law constitutes a desertion by him, as Stephens-told his wile: she would have to go. They were living at the time in East Los Angeles, and she to:k her two children, who were living at luine, and lett Ihe man who had failed to suppott her. Before the Stephens family moved to Los Angeles they resided at Pomona, where Hie husband's neglect of and cruelty toward his family aroused such indignation that the citizens threatened to tar and feather him if ho did not leave town. The man has no trade,, and, according to the -.voinin s story, no ambition and no inclination to work. Since leaving him Mrs. Stepnens has been compelled to take in washing J:i order to support the family. Although poor, the plucky little woman is ambitious for her children, and Is putting one son through a college at Healdsburg. The boy, unlike his father, is energetic and a hard worker, and he is paying a part of his tuition by working before and after school hours. The oldest son, Amos, has a situation In Riverside county, but does little toward the support of the family. The oldest daughter. Mrs. Myrtle Woolacott. Is happily married and does much to assist her mother. The youngest is a child of these facts had been proved to the court Mrs. Stephens's attorney, Charles Lantz. submitted the case, and Judge York rendered 'his decision. After touching upon the matter of nonsupport the Judge made the ruling above quoted and said: "The fact that the husband has not contributed to the support of the family without proof of his abilitj- to do so or proof of his neglect to do so by reason of his idleness, profligacy or dissipation is insufficient to Justify a divorce. Besides, the law does not contemplate that a poor man. relying solely upon his labor for support, should be the only laborer In the family. In this case the wife and her daughter, by honest and honorable employment, were able to earn a living and had the courage to do so. Their work was no harder than that ordinarily done by laboring people, and for aught that appears the husband may not have been able to find employment, and. If able to find employment, may not have been physically able to labor. All people, rich or poor, should do their part of the work of the world, and not be drones, whose existence Is useless. "But It does appear In this case that the husbend, prior to the separation, was extremely cruel to h's wife in many ways, and that without cause hr inflicted upon her grievous mental suffering and physical Injuries, and upon that ground she Is entitled to h divorce. "I do not look upon this matter of women helping to support the family as such an extraordinary stnte of affairs as to warrant anybody applying for legal separation upon that ground." SWEPT BY BREEZE. Dnffalo Said to Be Revellnar in Comfortable Weather-Show Featnrea. BUFFALO. N. Y., July 21.-The cool breezes which made such a feature of Buffalo weather for the past week proved to be quite a drawing card for the PanAmerican Exposition. During the coming week interesting events crowd each other In quick succession. Members of the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association will throng the Mrtcts of the Rainbow City on Tuesday, the dcy practically set aside as C. M. B. A. day. Addresses will be delivered by Archblshoo Corrigan. of New York; Rev. Bishop McQuarie. of Rochester, and the bishop of Detroit at the exercises in the Temple of Music. Wednesday the Knights of Columbus and Utah people will unite their forces. Thursday will li Scandinavian day and-Porto Rico day. Governor Allen will b at the exposition for the celebration of Porto Rico day. Porto Rico has a small building at the exposition representative of the architecture of the Island, tut its principal exhibits are in th various exhibit buildings. Saturday will be marked by the dedication of the Wisconsin Stat building. In addition to thee features the dally drills by visiting military organizations and the events In the stadium will attract no little attention. Th latter include the athletic contests between the Eastern and Western representatives of the Y. M. C. A. In all parts of the country.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS.

Marens Whitman mid the Enrlr Day of Oregon. This book is historical and biographical, but there is enough of the incidental in it to take it from the class of "dry reading," to which many persons assign all histories and biographies. Marcus Whitman was a pioneer missionary, who, with a few companions, blazed the way for Christianity in what arc now the north Pacific States. He was not an explorer, and he did not discover Oregon, but his name Is more ciostly associated with the early history of the State than that of any other man. The Oregon country was secured from Spain by treaty in 1S1D. The Columbia river was discovered by Capt. Robert Gray, a daring New England navigator, who sailed around Cape Horn and up the Pacific to the mouth of the Columbia, which he reached in 1792. There was not water enough on the bar for his vessel to enter the river, but he waited for a fair wind, then set all sails and literally "jumped" the bar that Is, struck it with such spted that the ship glided over it. lie then sailed up the river and took possession of the country In the name of the United States. Thirteen years later, in November, 1SÖ5, Lewis and Clark reached the mouth of the Columbia on their overland trip. In 1S11 John Jacob Astor established a trading post on the Columbia. Thus the United States had a quadruple claim on the Oregon country, but fur traders quarreled and Great Britain came near making It part of her possessions. Indeed, she actually claimed a large portion of It. at the instigation of the Hudson Bay Company, until Caleb Cushing and other statesmen of the time took the matter up and proved conclusively that Spain, in the treaty of Florida, signed in lülD. ceded Oregon tq tho United States. Great Britain, however, did not relinguish her claim until 146. Here it may be stated that many people think the "Louisiana purchase" included all of the Northwest, but this is a mistake. France never claimed jurisdiction beyond the Rocky mountains. Thomas Jefferson, on Dec. 31, 1S16, wrote: "The western boundary of Louisiana is rightfully the Rio Bravo, from its mouth to its source, and thence along the highlands and mountains dividing the waters of the Mississippi from those of the Pacific. On the waters of the Pacific we can found no claim in right of Louisiana." The American minister at London, Mr. Rush, held similar views in 1S24. The same contention was made by Mr. Gallatin two years later; also by John Qulncy Adams, James Kurlianan anil nthfrs ahn nrtlrpated in the prolonged negotiations with ejieat. uritain. But wnne tne "Eoulslana p irehase" did not gain Oregon for the United States, it indirectly assisted in perfecting the title of this country to mat territory. When France sold Louisiana in l!s03 little was known of a large portion of the vast domain embraced In the sale. Its western boundary, the "Great Divide," had not been accurately mapped, and there was opportunity for division of opinion. But when Spain, which laid claim to all the land west of the former French colony of Louisiana, ceded to the United States, by the treaty of Florida, the Pacific coast territory north of latitude 42. the United States had only Great Britain to contend with. , Fortified with the Spanish quitclaim, the discoveries of Captain Gray and the Lewis and Clark expedition and the rights that go with prior settlement, this country forced Great Britain to move her boundary line up to the forty-ninth parallel, and if a little more backbone had been displayed the boundary probably would have been still farther north at 54.40. All this and a great deal more is treated in detail by the author of the book, William A. Mowry, Ph. D., a well-known historian. Marcus Whitman took no part in the negotiations that saved Oregon to the United States, but it was almost wholfy bv his efforts that the country was not given away. While the Webster-Ashburton treaty was under consideration, the British were particularly active in colonizing Oregon with their own people and discouraging any movement, of settlers from the States. Whitman was astute enough to see the object of the scheme, which was to maae Oregon a uritish colony in point of numuers. i nis was expected to ravorably influence the diplomats in final treaty negotiations. In October. Whitman started on a long Journey overjand to Washington to warn the government of the plans of the British and to give information regarding the value of the country, which had been described as nearly worthless by persons who leaned towards the British contention. Whitman arrived Just in time, for it had been almost decided to abandon all claims to the territory. To prove that it was accessible tothe people of the East he led. a large colony to the valley of the Columbia in 1843. The following from the Louisville CourierJournal of 1S42 shows the sentiment Whitman had to centend against: "Of all the countries upon the face of th earth Oregon is one of the least favored by heaven. It is the mere riddlings of creation. It is almost as barren as Sahara and quite as unhealthy as the Campana of Italy. Russia has her Siberia and England her Botany Bay, and If the United States should ever need a country to which to banish her rogues and scoundrels the utility of such a region as Oregon would be demonstrated." This is what might be called "rich reading." in view of what is now known of Oregon, for the people of that region regard it as little less than a paradise. Even William Cullen Bryant is said to have had a poor opinion of Oregon as a place- of earthly residence, for in 1S12, when only eighteen years old, he wrote the imperishable "Thanatopsis." which is construed by the author of "Marcus Whitman" to be a reflection on the valley of the Columbia. Bryant wrote: "Take the wings of morning, And lose thyself in the continuous woods here rolls the Oregon, and hears no sound Save his own dashlngs yet the dead are there; And millions in those solitudes, since first The flight of years began, have laid them down In their last sleep the dead reign there alone." Bryant's famous poem was suggested to him while he was wandering in the primeval forest near his home at Cummington and it is probable the word "Oregon" was used because he had heard that giant trees covered the country, and where great trees exist dead ones are to be found, and p-ssibly dead human beings as well Mr Mowry says, complainingly. that Bryant searched "the whole world for a lifeless country a country devoid of life, but filled with the dead. It would seem that he was unfortunate in his choice. He passed by Sahara. Arabia and Siberia. There has been no time since civilized man firt visited the shores of that great river (the Columbia) when the country was uninhabited." Robert Gray. Vancouver, Lewis and Clark discovered the country peopled with . Indians, and the missionaries hater fcund thousands to whom they preached the gospel. Dr. Whitman's! home was at Waiilatnu on the Walla Walla river, where he founded an important mission. He was energetic and accomplished much good among the Indians. He made two visits to the States, the second known as "Whitman's ride." when he was credited with saving Orecon from nnscintr ii.ii control. In November, 1S47. he was massacred by the Indians. His wife and twelve other persons also perished. It has been stated that the Jesuits and the Hudson Bay Company agents w-re responsible for Inciting the Indians against the missionaries, but the charge was never fully buk. stantlated. The story of the tragedv i told at length by Mr. Mowrv. who has fortlfied his discription with numerous letters bearing on Whitman's career. The book U published by Silver. Burdett & Co New York, Boston and Chicago. CW The Children of the Nntlona. The interest of this work consists largely in uie iaci tnai it is a timely and able di cussion by a competent hand of a subject of general interest to modern nations, and just now of special interest to the United States. The subject is colonization and its problems, and the author is W. Poultney P.igelow, widely known as a Journalist, traveler, publicist and author. In this work he treats the subject of colonization very comprehensively in its historical, political, racial and economic aspects. Briefly it may be said the prime object of the work ie to fchow the influence which the mother country exerts upon colonies and which colonies in turn exert upon the mother country for good or evil. As the author liaj traveled extensively and made a study In different countries and under varying conditions of the problems of which h treats, the book has the value that belongs to th results and conclusions of personal observation as against those of mere academic discussion. One may net always agree with tht author' views, but on

must admit that they are always based on Observation and are presented with clearness and force. Mr. Bigelow is n thorough American, but he sees the faults as well as the merits of the American system and the Araeiican character, and he believe the way to cure them is to acknowledge

their existence and face them honestly, j His chapters on the negro as an element in colonization, on the Chinaman as a colonist, on the American as a colonist, and on the whit invasion of China afford examples of his capacity for independent thinking. He has great faith in Americans, and especially in New Englanders. "New England," he says, "has furnished the best type of the American colonist, althouch, had there been no New England, Virginia and her neighbors would have still furnished the world with colonial leaders in plenty. Ihe introduction of negro slavery into the Lnited States was a political and , economic error, and retarded in many ways

mc tuucri u;iii;'iiniii ...i.... ; n-jaaltv seems le tolerattt. it. Without discussing that ques- ; he' 1 "likelv o 1tlon here, wc note only the fact that in a ' rontimKS to'wri

mal! section of New England are located and have been for more than two centuries, the intellectual training schools from which have gone forth generation after generation of shrewd, ambitious, welldleclpllned and well-informed young men who, as school teachers, clergymen, doctors, lawyers, have uniformly marched with the pioneers toward the Western frontier." This conies prettv near claiming too much fur New England! There are other training schools besides those in that section of the country, and hundreds of thousands of thj educated and well-equipped American pioneer of civilization in recent years have never been near New England. A broader Mew U taken in the following passage: "The Anglo-Saxons who trekked across the Allegheny mountains at the close of the eighteenth century and reared their log cabins m the forests of Tennessee and Kentucky cut themselves ofT from civilization quite aj much as did the Roers who invaded the- Kaffir strongholds of inner Africa. The republic of Texas is a colonial romance. The latter-day Yankee, with the hatred of Spain in his blood, fell foul of Spanish settlements in the great Southwestern Territories, where Spanish priests and Mexican alcades represented the same civilization which had invited the freebootlng cxpcditif.ii of Drake and Raleigh three centuries ago. The Individual American, whatever his enwrnmpnt mleht order. could not tolerate the bastard Spanish institution which flourished over California. Arizona, New Mexico and Texas at the ! time When the frnnHo-c of thö I'nltcH I States were being pushed further and further toward the setting sun. The conflict was Inevitable and the result equally certain. Spanish institutions under Mexican government wero hopelessly swamped under the tide of advancing colonists, and to-day the three centuries of Spanish or Mexican rule are recalled only by a fewruins of priestly missions a few picturesque Spanish names, which have enriched the vocabularies of miners and cowbovs." The author strongly advocates lecal selfgovernment as the basic princinle of all successful colonization." The Bismarckian scnooi ot statesmanship." he says, "is a dangerous school from which to graduate colonial administrators, for in It is taught the doctrine that physical force is the dominating factor in natural development. Bismarck never moved without a saber in one hand even in the peaceful halls of legislation; his idea of good government was the , tidiness and monotony of the barrack yard." The chanters on "The Spread of Rusla." "The Evolution of the Boer." "Can the White Man and His Wife Flourish in the Tropics?" possess special interest in tht light of current events. The book 13 readable and instructive, and it is timely because we Americans have now distant colonics to administer, and we cannot afford to be Indifferent to a matter which has in times past profoundly modlned the constitution of nearly every grea: civilized ration. New York: McClure. Phillips & Co. ell Gwjn, Comedian. Between recent novels, dramatized novels and novelized plays with Nell Gwyn as the heroine, that pretty, witty and rather too celebrated woman has been very much exploited of late. It is hard to see why, for while she had a picturesque career and was herself rather an interesting character as a type of a dissolute age and court, she was hardly worth being made the central figure of books and plays hundreds of years after her frivolous and checkered career closed. No amount of description or investing her with Imaginary cnarms can alter tne ract that she was simply a beautiful but illiterate coquette with some natural gifts and a great deal of brazenncss, originally a child of the slums, and made a stage favorite and society queen by the favor of England s most dissolute Kins and his equally dissolute courtiers. However, she was a historic character as were also the other mistresses of Charles II, including the splendid termagant Barbara Villiers. or Palmer, whom Charles made Countess of Castlemaine in 1661 and Duchess of Cleveland in 1870. These and many other historic personages of the period, courtiers, actors, actresses and so-called gentlemen and ladies whose titles were masks for vices, appear in Mr. F. Frankfort Moore's novel entitled "Nell Gwyn, Comedian." It is not so much a continuous story with a consistent plot as it is a portrayal of different episodes or passages in which the famous actress appears as the central figure. The first of eight charters, entitled "The Comedy Outside of the Playhouse." introduces Nell as a beautiful orange girl in rather tattered attire, though rich in natural charms. It introduces also her drunken mother and some of those who were her acquaintances and friends before she attracted the attention of the King. The other chapters, entitled "The Comedy at Whitehall." "The Comedy of the Duke's Playhouse." "The Comedy of the King's Highway," "The Comedy of a Poor Actress." "The Comedy which Became a Tragedy," "The Comedy nf tho TiTtr.fr'c rimo " m.l "TVi " - of the King's ElmsL and "The Comedy of a Simple Maiden." deal with different liassages In Nell's life, and present her In various interesting aspects. The story follows historic lines, and is a fine piece of literary workmanship. New York: Brentano's. A Heart of Flame. This Is a story of violent emotions and strong passions, a story of love and hate and jealousy, of dramatic action and final tragedy. The scene Is laid in Santa Fe, N. M., and the chief actors are Mexicans and half-breeds and the church dignitaries a bishop and two priests. One of the latter, it develops, had entered the church in order to evade the results of a previous career of rascality. In doing so he had deserted his wife and she, a beautiful Mexican woman, shadows him, filled with a desire for revenge. With her is a young and beautiful sister whose love story, rather incidental to other happenings. Is the romantic element of the tale. The other priest falls in love with the older sister before he knows her history and, espousing her cause, becomes apostate to the church. Labor troubles, figure in the events and the leaders, who are also active figures in the story, come under the ban of the church, are frejwned cu by their neichbors and suffer distress. These leaders and their families, including the two sisters, escape to the mountains and are followed by the sheriff and his party, intent on arresting the men for certain offenses. A battle ensues in which several of the representatives of the law and also the rascally priest, who is the inspirer of the persecution, are killed. The fleeing party is finally captured, however. The leaders are tried for murder and the elder sister, who Is proved to have stabbed her former husband, the priest. Is hanged, together with a male companion. The younger girl eventually marries her Mexican lover and goes with him to a more peaceful home. The anthor, Charles Fleming L'mbru. is In better command of his serious material than of his comedy feature. The latter consists of a character whose tremendous appetite interferes with his action in other lines and is not very happily conceived. The story as a whole Is somber, but Is artistically handled. There are a series of word pictures that stand out vividly In threader's mind after the book is finished. The events narrate I may not be entirely convincing, but they have the dramatic Interest which holds the reader's attention to trie end. And though the atmosphere throughout the book is charged with dynamtte and the final impression, in spite of the happiness of one pair of lover. 1 one of gloom, it is a story of such rapidity of movement, and of such strength and intensity that it is in welcome contrast to the colorless, namby-pamby fiction of which so much is now being Issued. It will repay reading if only for the realistic picture it gives of life in the city in New Mexico. The conflict ühown between the old-world medieval spirit and the modern Anglo-Saxon idea Is fomethtng new in American fiction. Published by the Bowen-Merrlll Company. The Monk Wins. The main theme of this story by Edward II. Cooper Is the ill effect upon the character of an untrained, undisciplined girl the control of much money may have. The girl in this case. Helen Branscombe. was a very rich woman, "one of the richest helresse In England," but she was headstrong and selfish, and drilling Into & "horiey" set bo-

came somewhat reckless In her behavior and lost ?aste wRh her better clars f acquaintances. Enough of them stood bv her. however, to protect her from the results of her own Indiscretion. had two lovers, one a cad. the other a gentleman, and aai

equal y attracted io both. The frrm?r. who had done rascally things re !-emd ii'.rrself in the end by giving up hi life for rers during an ascent cf the Aip .-r..'. she was saved from marriape with nlm to b-crrr.e the wife of the better man. The shrk of the lover's death I represented as causlrg a change fr the biter :n her conduct, in fact a complete renera tir.n of character a reformation nt very convincing, however; the reader being left with the Impression that she fares better than her deserts Justify. Incidentally there i a K'.vl d-al oi horse talk, much discussion cf ra-es and ftg:irlni: nn ln winnings and a g.vd many CI,.Vf.r t5u of urjtin; hero an1 t!l,ru through the pages. In fact the author" letter Than Ms thT.ie. and Improve on this book if h continues to write. Published Ly Herbert S. Stone & Co.. Chicago. Yonr Uncle Lew. This story will inevitably sugg-est "Davii Harum," though it is not at all an imitation or echo of that ötory. and Is in many respects a cettcr constructed tale. "Your Uncle Lew" Dunbar is the leading character In the book the one character who overshadows all the others. He is an original genius, a son of the soil, a na'.uralborn American, as he calls himself, and makes many amusing speeches. He also proves himself to be kind of heart, honest, trustworthy and a hater of fraud. At the time of the opening of the story he is keeping a railway eating house in a town in central New York, and applies to the railroad authorities for a free pass, putting his claim on the ground that after he feeds the passengers three can occupy one seat in a car. He gets tho pass. An episode woven into the story is that of the "Cardin Giant." the author claiming that this is the first time the truth fMnrtmins th.it famous fraud was ever published. The tn.ok deserves a tdace amon- the vacation day novels. The author is Ch.irles Reginald Sherlock: the publishers, the Frederick A. Stokes Company. CnawePa National Library. The current number of Cassel'. National Library is a reprint, uniform with the other volumes of the series, of Xenophon'a "Memorable Thoughts of Socrates." published first, in English, in 1712, and since that time one of the standard classics of the English language. The present Issue is from the revised version of 1712. It? author was Edward Bysshe. who had produced, in 1702. "The Art of ErslUh Poetry." i well-known work which was in its fifth edition when the author published Ids translation of "Memorabilia. Cassel's editor has changed the "Things" In Bysshe's title to "Thoughts" in the present volume, as expressing more clearly the scope of the work, and a lew other changes with similar intent have been rrsdv. Professor Morley lias kept constantly in mind. too. tho requirements of the student, and to that end has changed the arrangeme-nt of the fragments somewhat. Afield and Afloat. A good book for rummer days in the hills or by the shore, or even In a shady, corner in the city, is at hand in "Afield and Afloat," a collection of short stories by Frank R. Stockton. Just issued from the Scribner press. There are eleven stories of the truly Stocktonesque etyle. bound In a handsome volume of over pages, and with an even dozen illustrations in photogravure. The tale have no connection with each other, beyond the material one made by the binder, and are models of quaint humor which has placed .their author in hi own distinctive literary niche. They deal with town and country life, happenings on the shore and Incidents of the sea. and will furnish an hour of mental refreshing for several successive days for those who are so fortunate as to find the volume on their library shelves or in their traveling equipment. Charles Scrlbner's Sons, New York. A Summer Hymnal. This little book bears as its subtitle, "A Romance of Tennessee." but the first half dozen chapters give the Impression that it Is a panegyric on rural life and a study of birds. It is so, in fact, but a pretty little romance, with some action and even dramatic elements, develops and is worked out in the author's own way. it is a rambling tale, with pauses for philosophic dissertations on men and things, and for the Interpolation of poems having a bearing on the general theme. The volume is something of an oddity in the field f fiction, but has a charm and sweetness that will command it to many reader. It is the first novel rf the author. John Notwood Moore, though he has previously published some short stories, one among them, "Ole Mlstis." attracting considerable attention. Publishers, Henry T. Coates & Co.. Philadelphia. The Good Red Earth. This new story, by Eben Phillpotts, author of "Children of the Mist" and other stories, possesses somewhat of dramatic quality which the author covers by the note on the title page. "All dramatic rights reserved." The r-tory Is laid in the west of England, and the scenery and characters are distinctly EngiNh. Yh pl-:t turns on the coveting by a titled family of a piece of land, good, red earth, owned by a freeholder whose refusal to sell led to a feud which lasted many generations. Oth r family complications growing out of a i-ectet marriage 1 give the feud a phase of nystery and romance which, with some strong and original character-drawing, makes an Interesting story. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co. The Heavenly Twin. When this book of Sarah Grand's first appeared some years ago it was widely read and ga-e rise to much discussion, not only over its merits as a novel, but over the mora' problems it presented. They are questions ever repeating themselves in the lives of men and women and calling for answer, and in this sense- the book hau a lasting quality. In view cf this fart and that the author's recent book, "Babs the Impossible." has again drawn attention to her work. Street St Smith. New York, have Issued a new edition of the first novel for the benefit of a new generation of leaders. The Crulae of the Petrel. This is a Juvenile story of the kind that can be read with interest by grown people. It is written by T. Jenkins Haines, author of "The Wind-Jammers" and other good stories. Thl.i one is a story of 1V12. It purports to be related by a boy who ran away I and went to ;a as a stowaway, became a sailor on a privateer, saw lots of flchting and had many thrilling adventures, it is a lirt rate sea story and is told in good nautical style. New York: McClure, Phillips &z Co. Current l'erlndlcnlii. In the August Atlantic it? Mitir makes a brief acknowledgment of the rat t-vv-Ice the late Prof. John Fike rendered the magazine during the la.--: thir.v yt.irs. The August number of he Crlti? wlh contain eiRht page portriiis dhtingu..- he I men and women by the M I chi m. -- of e;ranby. These will n"u le a portrait f Lady Granby by hcr.--.Mf. Cassell's Magazine for July contains a full share if fictb-n. namely, installments of two serial stories ari five sh )rt stories. Among the more -rrlous papers 1 an Interesting account of experiments with li jui 1 air. "The Isolation of Canada" is the title of a paper by J. D. Wl.elpley, in the August Atlantic, explaining the awkward position Canada find? herself in toward the United States, and the nafurai irr it n ti--n tint results from the IndfrTen-nce e.f this country toward Canada's desire for closer commercial relations. "What a Train Dispatcher Does" and his duties are calculated to shatter the strongest nerves will be told In the Augu.-t Century in urx iHu-trated rrtiele by Charles De Lano Hlne. The writer Is a ouhk exotticer of the army, who has turned railway manager. ur.. write ft cm personal experience of a dispatcher's duties. "Miss Sylvester's Marriage." the novelette of the August Smart S't. Is a story of the marriage of a fashionable and asp'.rlng young New York won. an to a upporil Fiench count, who turns cut to be only a valet of the real count. There 1 the variety of clever short stories ami bright miscellany vhkh renders are coming to exject of this magazine Richard Harding Davis will have a iory In the fiction number vf Scribner a Ma feline. It will be lor.pr thaa the uxdal bvg. azlne story; in fact. 1: mi$h-. jajily if