Indianapolis Journal, Volume 51, Number 42, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 February 1901 — Page 4

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, MONDAY, Fl BllUAttY 11, 1901.

THE DAILY JOURNAL MONDAY, FEBRUARY 11. 1001.

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C.-R'jgs House, Ebbitt HoMse and Willard's IIoteL The real friends of Cuba in the United States must be brave enough to save It and its people from the fato of Haiti and Ban Domingo. The only real freedom for an Ignorant people knowing nothing of self-government is to provide for their education and make them secure in life and property while bc1&Z educated. Republicans in other States are getting a bit Impatient because the Republican. In the Nebraska Legislature do not get together and elect two Republican senators. In Delaware it is different because the Addlcks party holds the balance of power. The one paper in the country that applauds Pettigrew is the Springfield (Moss. Republican, Aguinaldo's organ. It Is now urging him to prevent the confirmation of Gen. Freat D. Grant, who, it says, has only done some bushwhacking in Luzon after the backbone of the Insurrection was broken. The resolution to purchase a United States flag to wave over the Statehouse of Missouri, offered by a Republican member of the Legislature, is held up by the Democratic committee. Since that Legislature passed resolutions sympathizing with Aguinaldo in his fight for freedom the holdup of the flag resolution is consistent. BBMBSBBBMSSHM SSSSBBSWBBHSSSBMSSSSSSBSSSBBBBBBSSSSSaSBMSBSB Chicago proposes to protect its pavements . by an enactment requiring that all wagons carrying a load of 3,000 pounds or more ; shall have tires not less than four and a half Inches In width. If the Legislature would make some provision for the uss- of wide tires for heavy wagons used trpon gravel roads hundreds of thousands of dollars would be saved annually in repairs. It has been discovered that the committee of conference on the army bill sneaked one or two provisions into the measure to placate influential members of the House who desired to keep rela tives or friends now in the volunteer army in good places. The changes have made It impossible for the President to appoint to adequate positions men who have ren dered conspicuous service as volunteers. The work of organizing troops for servljd in the Philippines seem3 to be progressing favorably. Adjutant General Corbln has received a letter from General Shafter, at San Francisco, in which he re fers to the "phenomenal progress being made in the organization of the three battalions of infantry destined for immediate service in the Philippines." Active sol diering Is never without some hardships, but the average young American likes it. A few days ago the president of the Glasgow Chamber of Commerce declared in an address that Great Britain has lost her pre-eminence among the nations in export trade, the first place being held by the United States, and that "there is no gain saying the logic of events, and the argu ments against freo trade supplied by the latest figures are irrefutable." He aska if Great Britain will sacrifice itself longer for the benefit of foreigners. Free trade's active supporters to-day are a few men In the United States. The bill which has been presented !n the Senate to create the office of railroad com missioner simply makes the official a collector of railroad statistics. Having one bureau of statistics, which can do all of the statistical work of the State, there is no call for another except to make places for one official and two or three cleric to draw their sustenance from the taxpayers. As everybody cannot draw their sustenance from the State it is in the Interest of jus tice to the large majority that no more people be employed to do the State's busi ness than are absolutely necessary. The observance of Marshall day in Geor gia brought to light the fact that much of the State-rights idea underlies the po litical beliefs of the extrem South. One of Georgia's ablest lawyers declared that 'Marshall's day should be celebrated by those who prefer emnlre to republic, bv all ho have lost faith in local self-gov-ernment and who believe that secession was unconstitutional." Ho went on to lay that "If Marshallism 13 right. Jefferson Davis legally deserved the scaffold." This may be true; but in the North, where Marshalll3m" is generally believed In, the rebellion has passed into history. The investigation of the election of Butler to Congress in St. Iouis continues to yield arr.arln fraud. One instance of fraud I found In the testimony of a man whose name stands 273 on the tally sheet. While he was at the polls four men voted whom ha did not know, but the fifth was a fiiond whos?e number on the tally htet a TjCA. That I., while only live men voted during a half hour, ninety-one names were wrktea Uto the tally gheet and claty-seven

straight Democratic votes dumped Into the ballot box. Representative De Anr.onJ, of Missouri, is booked to sp.ak on Lincoln day on support of government by the ballot box.

C'OSIZI.YATIO.VS OF CAPITAL. It is generally believed by those who are in position to know that the recent extraordinary growth of our foreign trade .?nd the remarkable progress made by I ho United States in capturing the markets of the world are largely due to great combinations of capital and consolidations of interests which have resulted In so reducing the cost of production and distribution as to give American manufacturers an advantage over all competitors. This view is held by prominent Americans who have made a study of the subject, and alo by the leading statesmen and manufacturers of foreign countries. It 13 conceded on all hands that In no other country is the tendency towards great aggregations of capital as marked as in the United States and that it has been accompanied by a development of our foreign trade that Is exciting the astonishment of the world. A writer in the Atlantic Monthly takes the ground that this era of American industrial and commercial supremacy was assured In March, 1S37, by the centralization, at Pitts burg, of mines,, foundries and railroads which made possible the reduction of tho price of steel rails to $1S a ton. "At one bound." he says. "America bestrode the world." The writer calls this achievement "the triumph of Carnegie," and says the moment it was accomplished "the world knew that the giant had arrived." lie attributes some of the most important movements of European powers since that time to a derire to regain their waning prestige in the commercial world, and even attributes the aggressive policy of the powtr3 in China to that motive. lie points out that in November, 1S97, seven months after the accomplishment of the great combination at Pittsburg, Germany seized KiaoChau, a month later the Russians occupied Port Arthur, and the following April the English appropriated Wei-Hal-Wel. The significance of these movements lies in the fact that about equally distant from all three of these points is the center of the richest coal and iron deposits in the world, the control of which by either one of the powers would be of the greatest possible advantage in preventing the threatened commercial supremacy of the United States. Whatever may be thought of the phase of the case relating to the movements of foreign powers there can be no doubt that the rapid growth of our foreign trade is exciting the alarm of all commercial countries and that nothing will be left undone to counteract it. The signs of the time3 indicate that the first half of the twentieth century is to witness a struggle for com-

mercial supremacy, the like of which the into the newspapers, which was interpreted while the letters mighthave been still furworld has never seen and that it will result I as forecasting his views on the Porto Rl- ther condensed or many of them omitted,

in a commercial alliance, offensive and defensive, of all European nations against their commercial rival, the United States In thl3 situation it would be the height of. folly for Americans to denounce or oppose what all intelligent Judges regard as one cf the most Important factors in our core- I mercial Euccess combination of capital I and consolidation of interests. If we are I to win or even hold our own In the struggle v.e must use the best and most effective weapons of modern commercial warfare. PRACTICAL ItCFOUM. The conviction of George M. Ray on a charge of conspiring with the commissioners of Shelby county to defraud the county by means of an illegal contract for printing is an event of more than personal or local Interest. It shows that the movement lor reform In local government has taken strong root In Indiana and that the people will not submit to be plundered by political bosses and rings in the future as they have in the past. Probably there is not another county in the State where political bossism and ring rule have carried things with a higher hand than they have in Shelby. It has been unfortunate for the county that It was for many years so overwhelmingly Democratic that the rartj' leaders felt they could do as they j pleased. Large majorities and long continuance in power are apt to prove injurious to any party. In Shelby county they have worked the worst possible results, for it has been the fountain-head of political corruption that has affected not only the jeople of that county but of many others throughout the State. It was this same George M. Ray who organized and worked the school supply frauds, some eight or ten years ago, by which certain township trustees were induced to issue fraudulent warrants to tho amount of $40,000. Ray has been arrested several times for brib ing township trustees, but has always eicaped conviction. In the present case the proof of his guilt was so clear that although ho was editor of the Democratic local organ and master of the art of polit ical intimidation, a jury containing nine Democrats found him guilty. When a Jury composed cf a man's neighbors, threefourths of whom are of his own political 1 arty, find him guilty on a charge of felony there is nothing more to be said. Tho penalty for the effense of which Ray was convicted is two to fourteen years In the penitentiary,, and it is none too severe. Conspiring with public officials to rob the people is a very serious offense. The County Commissioners who conspired with Kay are equally deserving of punishment, and. as they have been Indicted, it would be ndstaken leniency not to prosecute them. A work of practical reform as well begun is it has been in this case should be car ried through. cun.vs txriTNCss ron ixijepexdi:xce. It is evident that there will be trouble in the adjustment of the relations of Cuba to the United States. The difficulty will be Intensified and increased because of the attitude of some or the enemies of the administration toward the Cubans. Many Persons seem to believe that any people. r.o matter how ignorant or inexperienced in government, arc qualified for self-government and should have their freedomThls is a most pernicious error. Only the most intelligent and conservative people are fit to carry on successfully a popular government. Those peoples who have come to a stable representative or popular government have reached it after many years of education and contention. The people of the United States are able to maintain such a government because the early settlers of the Atlantic States brought with then the experience of hundreds of years of striving for popular government. Thus far tho only races that seem to have he real capacity for self-government are those of Great ! Britain, Germany and northern Europe. Judged from the efforts of tho Spanish la

the South and Central American republics, they are incapable of maintaining sound popular government. Nevertheless, they have been trying, and vainly trying, to establish popular government In these coun

tries for three-quarters of a century. And yet, with this experience we find men In this country assuming that the element In Cuba which by force of numbers is in control is fit by character and intelligence to rule the Island. Men who have modified constitutions in Southern States so as to disfranchise the negro race on the ground that thej- are unfit for local selfgovernment and so potential for evil that an Intelligent white majority in those States cannot maintain good government so long as the negroes vote are loudly proclaiming the fitness of the Cubans for Independent self-government, nearly one-half of whom are of mixed African blood and a large part of the whites are unable to read. This is gross Inconsistency and dangerous recklessness. If negroes and mixed races in tho United States that have mingled with whites who maintain self-government are unfit to participate in it, what can we expect from similar people In Cuba who have no Idea of self-government? No party in this country has demanded Statehood for New Mexico year after year, because there has been an abiding conviction that the natives who camo to us with the ac quisition of the territory are not yet fitted for the responsibilities oMhe limited independence which a State enjoys. Those natives are much of the same race as the whites in Cuba. If the natives of New Mexico, under the tutelage of tho United States for fifty years, are not sufficiently intelligent to be given the responsibility of Statehood In the union, how can the whites of Cuba, who have known nothing of government but the oppression of Spain, bo qualified for that independence in government which is called entire freedom? The assumption is both absurd and mischievous. Whatever may be the letter of the resolution of Congress under which the United States interfered to put an end to the misrule and outrages of Spain in Cuba, Congress gave the civilized world promise by its interference that the conditions of the people should be Improved, that Just and stable government should be maintained. That tacit pledge will be violated if the United States withdraws from the Island leaving it to the misrule of factions and revolutionists that will make it a San Do mingo or a Central American republic with lts frequent revolutions. If Justice Harlan understands himself. ana probably he does, a good deal of comment on what he was reported to have said at a recent Loyal Legion banquet in v. ashington has been wasted. There were no reporters present on the occasion, but a version of Justice Harlan's remarks got can cased pending in the Supreme Court It was hardly credible that a Justice of the Supreme Court would speak freely re gardlng a matter pending in the court. and it seems Justice Harlan did not. "In the few impromptu. remarks made by me at the banquet," he says. "I said nothinsr that had the slightest bearing on the questlons Involved in those cases. Thnw nu. I tions were not at all in my mind while talking at the banquet." Somebody did a bad piece of reporting, and it was not a reporter, either. Representative Brown, of Ohio, grew very eiuuueni in pis aenunciation or "a ..A1.t-.l II r-r, i , . i-uiuiu&t poucy. ine pnrase involves a fallacy. A policy contemplates a steady and permanent line of action, but there is nothing of that kind in our acquisition of I the Philippines. The United States has not entered on a policy of colonial expanI sion. It is simply trying to do the best it can with territory it has acquired through the fortune of war "and without premeditation. The McKinley plan of holding these new possessions and planting there the seeds of republican government is far better than the Brown plan of abandonment. . There is nothing in a colonial policy of cowardice to command admiration. The fact that Mr. Bryan declared that Edward VII could announce his willing ness to join Parliament in giving to the Irish all the rights enjoyed by his English subjects has called forth some remarks of surprise that he could be so Ignorant of the British system of government, under which the ministry expresses the opinions, the sovereign being simply its mouthpiece. At the beginning of the last century a British King was dethroned as non compo mentis for undertaking to act independent of Parliament. The ministry, not the sovereign, declares the policy of the government" in Great Britain a well-known fact of which Mr. Bryan seems not to be aware. It appears that the new hospital or village for epileptics which has received the favorable .consideration of the Senate is designed by those who favor it to care for others than epileptics. The harmless Insane that need to be simply looked after will bo taken from Insane hospitals and county poorhouses and infirmaries and put into the proposed village, where they can be better cared for at a much less cost. At least such Is said to be the experience of other States. It would seem, however. that some estimate might be made of the number and present cost of maintenance of these unfortunates as a basis for intelligent action. A movement that everybody will approve is one for the erection of a monumental arch to commemorate the valor of American sailors. Statues and memorials of naval officers, who well deserve them, are not uncommon, but there is no fitting memorial of the valor of American sailors, the men behind the guns who in all our wars have made American ships Invincible. The present proposition is to erect a monument in'a place at the Battery, in New York, where it would -be equally conspicuous from the land and the water point of view. The Idea is well conceived, and should be carried out on a liberal scale. Indications are that the anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's birthday will be more generally celebrated to-morrow than ever before. In several of the States, including Illinois, it is a legal holiday, and in Chicago the courts, banks and public departments will Close. Ilnby llalley'n Vindication. Brooklyn Standard Union. So "Joe" Bailey has triumphed over his calumniators and will return to the marble balls of the national capital as senator I from the Lone ßtar State. Joseph had to

stand the fierce white-heat of publicity and

refute the charge that he was a friend, more or less secret, of tho oil octopus, but he's "oil right" now. lie received as much abuse from Texas as if he had been a Northern man. They even charged him with packing the investigation committee. That was attributing more in-floo-ence to Bailey than he claimed for himself. But they can't lose Joe. FROM HITHER AND YON. After the Holiday. Puck. Mamma (reprovingly) Gertie, did you tumble Into bed without taylng your rrayers? Gertie Yes, mamma! Tou see, I 'spected I'd be pretty tired to-night, so I said an encore after my prayers this morning. A Point in Precedence. Life. Mr. Marmaduke-Jones Society nowadays seems to be made up of such a lot of people we don't know. v Mrs. Marmaduke-Jones Oh, don't put it that way, my dear; say rather that society nowadays Is made up' of such a lot of people who don't know us. Olil Style Labor Troubles. Chicago Tribune. By order of Pope Gregory XIII, the astrono mers and viae men were at work reforming the calendar, the Julian method of computing the years having been declared ausgespielt and out of date. "What is the use," demanded a walking dele gate who dropped in while they were making their calculation-, "of working over timet You won't get anything extra for It." Loves. Detroit Journal. It was a beautiful evening In June. The waters of the Drainage canal purled and rippled against the'rrow of their gondola, virtually a3 any other waters might. The occasion invited confidences. "Did you marry your first love? asked the guest. "Yes," replied Helene, naively, while her color deepened perceptibly, "my first, third, fifth and seventh, thus far! Of course I'm not in the least superstitious, but there certainly Is luck In odd numbers!" As the gloom gathered the gondoliers sang Italian love ballads, tho abattoirs used their smoke consumers, and altogether it was quite like Venice. . RECENT PUBLICATIONS. Life anrl Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley, by Ills Son. The appearance of the long-expected "Life and Letters of Thomas Huxley," by his son, Leonard Huxley (D. Appleton & Co- New York), sets forth a wealth of ma terial illuminating the history of English science during tho reign of Victoria and the part taken in it by its most striking and picturesque individuality. Of course as with all "lives and letters," the letters are the most valuable part of the thousand pages of these two volumes. The son and editor was not a scientific man, and this may be a boon for the general reader. Tho work has been well and lovingly done, and the scientific reader will -prefer the book as it is. For the value of the letters of such men is that their inmost opinions on scientific matters are frequently stated in the compass of a brief sentence. To some friend Hooker, Darwin or Ray Lan kester-Huxley gives the real core of th3 matter with all accessories and explanations stripped away. Thus Huxley sits down upon those who, following Welssmann, gave credence to the old notion of Lamarck that the "inherited effect of use and disuse" was a cause of evolution rather than "natural selection" according to Darwin. Huxley took no part in this discussion, but wrote to Sir Joseph Hooker, in 1SS9, when the Welssmann school was dominant with their new views as to the real factors of organic evolution. "Why do not these people .who talk about the direct influence of conditions try to explain the structure cf orch,ds on tnat tack? Orchids, at any rate. can't try to Improve themselves by taking shots at Insects heads with pollen bags. as Lamarck's giraffes tried to stretch their necks: And so, In a thousand Instances. the gist of the matter is struck off at white heat For thos who only wish a general but accurato survey of Professor Huxley's life ana worK sumclent will be found in the I briefer compass of the Huxley volume by Mitchell in G. P. Putnams Sons' "Leaders In Science Series" (19).) There Is also the compendious work, "The Scientific Memoirs of T. II. Huxley," published by the Mac millans and edited by the eminent nhvslol ogist. Sir Michael Foster, and Professor E. nay LanKester. His devotees will, of course, find theif knowledge of the man in his books and lectures covering the entire field of biology, education and polemics. His worns on elementary science marked a new depart ure m nature teaching. Many of them were and still are standard text-books In the public schools. The writer recalls tnat in 1871 Professor Burt G. Wilder, of Cornell university, had his classes of over LW freshmen use Huxley's "Elementary i'nysioiogy" a&w.) as a text-book. lavin stress upon the author's statement that he "had attempted to write a book for beys and girls in English schools which would not have to be corrected -as physiological knowledge increased, but would only re rjulre additions." This statement was char acteristlc of Professor Huxlej's love of truth. In l&iO he brought out a college text-book on the "Anatomy of Vertebrated Animals," followed In 1S77 by the com plementary volume on "Anatomy of the In vertebrated Animals." These books are still standard college books. All of Hux ley's school text-books were published in the United States by the Appletons, and were approved by Professor l'oumans in the Popular Science Monthiy. Professor Huxley was a leader In biological teaching also, the first and only college text-book for years used in this country being "Huxley and Martin's Biology," the predecessor of scores of books of that nature. When the biology fad was at its height out came his "Crayfish, an Introduction- to the Study of Zoology," which caused the death and dissection of thousands of crayfish, and occupied a place by the side of tho poets on the tables of women and men who went in for the new nature cult which Darwin and Huxley had made the leading feature In education. For the teachers In the public schools there was the "Introduction to Science Primers." Several of these primers wero written by Proressor i tux ley. j In polemics we have his "Lay Sermons. Addresses and Reviews," his "Hume," in the English Men of Letters series. In thee he showed his greatest power, and they aroused the antagonism of the clericlsts and theologians beyond measure. For Huxley devised the term "agnostic" as the expression of his belief in matters of theology, and gave name to a sect that had and always will exist. He was the great apostle of evolution in England as Asa Gray was in the United Stats, and tookpleasure In being known as the "bull-dog of Darwin." But. afier all, he was only talking to the galleries in such expressions. He- recognized evolution as soon as he read the famous papers of Wallace and Darwin, and espoused the principle rather than the man. Huxley was too independent to make any sect, school or man his moelel. Discussing zoological schools in Volume 2, Page SIS, he says: " 'Authorities. 'schools and 'disciples' are the curse oi science, and do more to interfere with the work of the scientific spirit than all its enemies." The "Life and Letters" throw great light on the now historic scene at the Oxford meeting of the British association in 1S50. The discussion with Bishop Wllberforce was. on Huxley a part, not enly a fight for fair play for evolution, but for freedom for the expression of truth, however unpalatable. His contest with the most witty end eloquent churchman of his time, rometlmes known as "Soapy Sam," who jeered Huxley for advocating evolution end wished to know whether he claimed hs monkey descent from his grandmother or grandfather, provoked the retcrt from Huxley: "I asserted, and I repeat that a man has no reason to be ashamed of having an ape for his grandfather. If there were an ancestor whom I sheuld feel shame in recalling it would rather be a man a man of restless and versatile intellect who, r.ot content with an equivocal success in nls own sphere of activity, plunges into scientific questions v.ith which he has no. real acnxialnaro. cdy to obscure them by an aimless

rhetoric and distract the attention of his hearers by eloquent appeals to religious prejudice." Two years before he had Issued his "Man's Place In Nature," the conclusion of the Darwinian teaching that Darwin withheld in the "Origin" that man was descended from lower forms. He closed the book with the memorable prophecy: "After passion and prejudice have died away, tha name result will attend the teachings of th naturalist regarding that great Alps and Ande3 of the living world man. Our reverence for the nobility of manhood will not bo lessened by the knowledge that man is in substance and in structure one with the brutes; for he alone possesses the marvelous endowment of Intelligent and rational speech, whereby in the secular period of his existence he has slowly accumulate! and organized the experience which is almost wholly lost with the cessation of every individual life in other animals, so that he now stands raised upon it as on a mountain top far above the level of hi humble fellows, and transfigured from his grosser nature by reflecting here and there a ray from the infinite source of truth." For a young man, then poor Huxley was always poor in money such a book and "ch an utterance was a bold step, and tho

ciergy was provoked to tho extent of comlatlng him as the representative of the destroyer of the faith of the fathers. But the sentence quoted above shows at least his Kwer of statement. As a lecturer Huxley displayed his subject rather than himself. He did not, like the fluent speaker, with no sense of effort or riervousness, cover up and obscure h.3 subject by overuse of rhetoric. Some audiences did not understand him, and one institute petitioned not to have that young scientist again. One unfriendly critic said Huxley was no great speaker that all he did was to set out some Interesting theorv unadorned before his audience, and such success as he attained was due to the compelling nature of the subject itself a great compliment to his simplicity and lucidity. Perhaps his greatest lecture was the 'Ills': and Progress of Paleontology" before the British Association in 1S81, given without a note, and never written down in any form, though he said ho "had reflected much upon the subject." He had the rare power of talking in cold print. Huxley's power and style as a writer of English was due to the ordering of his Ideas rather than of his words. The "Life and Letters" make it certain that he felt the "sedulous concern for words as things valuable and delightful, the delight of the craftsman in his tools." He has the meed of being a "great writer of English as well as a great English writer." The "Life and Letters" show that his essays are "easy and pleasant reading," because they were produced by "hard writing." He complains to his sister (I, IIS), 1S54. "My pen is not a very facile one, and what I write costs me a great deal of trouble." And again to Romanes, in 1SS2, "My own way is to write and rewrite until by some sort of instinctive process things acquire the condensation and symmetry which satisfies me." But shortly before his death he said, I "I have a great respect and love for my native tongue, ana latce great pains io us t properly. Sometimes I write essays nail a dozen times before I get them Into the proper shape, and I believe I become more fastidious as I grow older." The result or such love and duty appears in his addresses, which for purity, terseness, vigor and comprenhension of the English language are fairly comparable with those of any writer of Victorian times. Upon the announcement of Fror. Hux ley's death, Professor Ray Lankester said: "Now that Huxley's splendid spirit and delightful presence has gone from us, I feel that the world has shrunk and become a poor thing." He carried on the warfare in behalf of science unflinchingly. His whole life was an effort to bring aoout the most favorable conditions for the pursuit of truth, and to make the people heed the truth when it has been found. These volumes will be the definitive word as to Prof. Huxley's life and relationship with his scientific friends. They show him for what he really was the embodiment of the scientific spirit of the age a high priest of nature in the strictest sense; a man essentially of facts rather than of theory or tradition. He thought the idea of God beyond human perception, and so his clash with orthodoxy was natural, but not, like Mr. Ingersoll's, iconoclastic. It was the scientific instinct which demands that reason shall be dominant, or at least not subsidiary to tradition, however cherished that may be. These volumes by his son and himself show all the inner springs and motives or his thought and actions as far as they may be revealed in letters, for Huxley was frank -and loved sympathy. They show the profound Influence he exerted on education, science, theology and ethics. They show the beautiful relations of his life to his family and to society; they are in every way a substantial addition to English science and English letters as well. A. W. B. The Duke of Stockbridge. This story of the late Mr. Edward Bellamy is an historical novel dealing with that passage In our early history known as Shays's rebellion. One seldom hears or reads of that event nowadays, but it was a remarkable episode, and at the time fraught with real danger. It occurred after the revolutionary war and before the adoption of the present Constitution. This was the period of the government known as the Confederation. It was a period of national feebleness and humiliation and of extreme poverty among the people. Trade had not revived after the war. The country was producing little that the outside world wanted. The people as well as the government were deeply in debt. The paper money was not worth anything, and tobacco, whisky and other products were mediums of exchange. In many Instances the annual taxes amounted to more money than the average farmer or mechanic saw in two years. It was In these circumstances that Shays's rebellion began in Massachusetts. It was a protest against conditions that were intolerable and a government that scarcely deserved the name. It was a threatening movement. One historian estimates that half the population of New England was on the side of the insurrection. At one time, according to General Lincoln, 12,000 rebels were under arms, most of them ex-officers or soldiers of the revolutionary army. The conditions and events of that period furnish rich material for a story, and In "The Duke of Stockbridge" the author has utilized them well. The story was written before "Looking Backward," as much as twenty years ago, but is now published for the first time. It has a depth of meaning beyond the mere story, in that it presents the equitable side of a revolt by debtor farmers against harsh conditions and an oppressive state government. It has dramatic as well as historic and literary merit, and will add to the autnor s reputation. The pictures of early New England life and character are graphic, and the romantic side of the story, which tells how an ex-omcer of the revolutionary army wooed and won a courtly belle of the period, is well worked out. New York: Silver, Burdett & Co. Songs of the Old South. Miss Howard Weeden, whose name la somewhat misleading as to her sex, offers a second collection of topical and typical verses relating tb the South, and for the most part to negro life. A former collection of her verses, called "Bandanna Ballads," was well received, and the present volume is equally deserving of favor. "Songs of the Old South" contains twentyfour short poems and the same number of drawings of the old-time Southern negro. The verses have the coloring and atmosl phere of Southern life, many of them being in negro dialect, and the pictures depict different types of negro character In a very realistic and true to life manner. The following Is entitled "Hard Worked:" "Old man with the sweet, black, patient face. Pray tell me about your life: It has had its many griefs, I'm sure. And its noble work and strife." "Yes, sir, dat's right; in slavery times My business used to be To hunt ole master's specs, an' dat Did shorely pester me. ' "Since Freedom come I've had a load Of politics to tote; For if you does It right it takes All of your strenk to vote." The picture accompanying these lines shows a well-preserved, good-natured looking old negro, with white hair and beard, who looks as if he might still retain a good stomach and appetite for 'possum. The verses are simple but pretty and the illustrations charming. New York: Doubleday. Page & Co. Love Among; the Artiste. Mr. George Bernard Shaw, dramatic critic and writer of plays that are not played, but which make good reading, has had an odd experience In authorship. Many years ago, when he was In the early twenties of his age, he wrote three novels. They did not attract much attention at the time of their first publication, but the recent sue cess of his "Plays Pleasant and Unpleas ant" so popularized the author as to cause a demand for his early stories, two of which have been favorably received, and "Love Among the Artists" is the third. In

a pleasantly humorous preface the author says: "It is what is called a novel with a purpose. I will not undertake to say at this distance of time what the main purpose was; but 1 remember that I had a roiion of illustrating the difference between that enthusiasm for the tine arts which people gather from reading about tbin. and the genuine artistic faculty which cannot help creating. Interpreting, or, at iest, urnffectedly enjoying music and picture. Tha is a clever idea, and the purpose i3 not heavy enough to weight down tho story, which is cleverly told and worth reading, notwithstanding the fact that It Is entirely devoid of stirring incidents or dramatic features, and that the principal characters are married in the middle of the book Instead of at the end. The author has a smooth and pleasing style. Chicago: Herbert S. Stone & Co.

The Sons of n. Heart. A touch of nature makes the whole world so much akin, and there are so many points of common sympathy and experience in nil human lives that the story of any one life honestly told interests all. ,wnd this is true in a sense whether it be what is called an eventful lie or not, for most lives are full of small events so much alike as to make one, feel that, on reading the story of an average life, he is reading his own. Something of this feeling is inspired by this book, which Is the story of an average life related in a pleasant and evidently truthful manner. It is told in the form of a journal, which begins on Christmas, with "Mother wants me to keep a daily record of all my life. She says it will be such a pleasure to read when I am old." The writer died in 1S37. The record of the intervening years contains nothing at all remarkable, yet It possesses something of the interest already referred to. and discloses a sweet, womanly character. The record seems scarcely to have been intended for publication. It wa3 written by Helene Hall, and is published by the Robert Clarke Company, Cincinnati. Fnlntsc, the Town of the Conqueror. The town of Falalse Is one of the oldest in France, a small provincial town with some country trade and with crooked streets and ancient-looking houses. Its great distinction is that it was the birthplace of William the Conqueror, as the remains of his castle and an equestrian statue of him attest. The old town has a remarkable history, reaching far back into the middle ages, when feudalism and chivalry, English and French arms, Catholicism and Protestantism, each in turn struggled for that supremacy which was to make or mar human progress. The town and its history and the history of the time with which it was so intimately connected are interestingly described in this volume by Anna Bowman Dodd, author of "Cathedral Days," etc. In skillful use of materials and in literary style the book compares favorably with previous ones by the same author. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. Lessons in Love. ' This llttlo volume contains" eight short stories by Mrs. Katrlna Trask, each one of which Is a pretty lesson in love, and .all handled with a skillful touch. The stories do not amount to much, but each one is like a gem, well polished and well set. New York: Harper & Bros. Current Periodicals. Nikola Tesla writes at considerable length in the current number of Collier's Weekly on the subject of communicating with Mars. The Bohemian Is the title of an artistic little one-column magazine published In Boston, which gives room to clever productions from the pens of a number of young writers. "The Making of a Country Home" Is the title of a practical article In Everybody's Magazine, which describes the revolt of a young man and his wife at flat life and tells of their determination to establish themselves in the country and their final success. Some interesting reminiscences are to be found in the February Critic. Mrs. Richmond Ritchie talks of Haydn and Mrs. Hemans. and George Murray Smith, the English publisher, relates numerous anecdotes In which Thackeray, Tennyson, Trollope, Sala and other celebrities figure. The book Reviews are especially readable. Gunton's Magazine for February con-! tians an article entitled "Trusts and Business Stability,' in which the editor. vho is a student of all problems relatin;? to production and trade, maintains that trusts or large combinations cf capital in production give stability to business by avoiding the evils incident to overproduction and feverish competition. The International Monthly for February contains a carefully prepared and interesting account of "American Interests in the Orient," by Charles S. Conant. William Archer, the great English literary and dramatic critic, on "The Real Ibsen." Alfred Foulllee, the eminent French thinker and scholar, writes on "Nietzsche and Darwin ism." The character of the International Magazine is dignified and scholarly. It is published in Burlington, Vt. The methods of the fishermen on the great lakes is the subject of an interesting paper in Frank Leslie's Magazine. Mr. John R. Spears contributes a paper upon the "Mutiny on the Somers," that extraordinary occasion when, to preserve the discipline of the American navy, a son of the United States secretary of war was hung at the yard arm. It is interesting to know that all of us Anglo-Saxons are cousins of Queen Victoria, and equally so that we may call any prisoner of the Tombs cousin, and still be well within our rights. The subject is treated by Mr. Duncan Rose. A hint is given of the remarkable display of electrical wonders at the coming PanAmerican exhibition at Buffalo. The full-page portraits given in the World's Wock from month to month are not the least of the attractions of that magazine. In the current number are portraits of John Marshall (from a painting), Gen. Chaffee, President Gilman, of the Johns Hopkins University, Cecil Rhodes and Charles G. Bush. A feature of the number Is a "write-up" of the city of Cleveland. Cecil Rhodes and General Kitchener are men of whom the public likes to read, and tne sketcnes or the two men In this number are particularly well written. In an article on immigration it is pointed out that Italians and Jews are taking the place of the Irish. Joel Chandler Harris directs some humorous but pointed remarks to ward the Democratic party. Among other features Is a study of Germany under the aggressive Emperor. The February Forum contains a scries of papers of unusual interest. Few readers but will find among them a topic of special attraction. The Democrats who are trying to find a way out of the wilderness can read "Rehabilitation of the Democratic Party," by an ex-Democrat. The thousands interested in militia organization will nna lniormation and suirirestlon in General Anderson's "Nationalization of the State Guards." All of us, and particularly the multitude aspiring to campaign oratory win rcaa vwmam uuaiey roulkes "The Spellbinder. ine Xegro and Education." and "ahould Woman's Education Differ frera Man's?" the latter by President Tliwing. are timely contributions to educational discussion. Those who are Inter ested in the labor problem will find information in an article entitled "American Tiadö Unions and Compulsory Arbitration." Alnslee's Magazine is always full of original and entertaining matter. Richard Harding Davis Is the subject of a biographical and character sketch by Allen Sangte. It seems to be a fair and impartial estimate of a man who his been somewhat severely criticised. "Menler and His Island," by Henry Harrison Lewis is the romantic story of a millionaire's purchase of Antlcostl, an Island one hundred and thirty-five miles long and forty miles wide, for one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars. Besides, the reader learns that Antlcostl is the greatest lobster fishery in this hemisphere, and that It is rich enough in spruce forests to supply the United States with paper pulp. "Spotters," by Samuel H. Adams, possesses much interest of a curious nature; and "The Department of Agriculture," by Arthur Henry, reveals Untie Sam's methods to help his farmers, fruit Krowers and other producers. There Is a vailety of readable fictlfjn. The midwinter Century Is announced as a fiction number, and much of Its space Is given up to short stories and sketches of readable quality, but some of the more serious contributions are perhaps more entertaining than the fiction. rtrst among these is "Humor and Pathos of the Savings Bank." an article by Richard Boughton, in. which are presented vivid portrayals of real life and of phases of human

nature. "The I'cojde at the Top of the World" is the expressive tille of an Illustrated paper by Jonas Ktad.'ing. tc liinc of a tour In search of Andiee. Sir Waiter Bcsant continues his account of charity work in East London; Robert II. Tli'Ufitcn offers much Tn'ormation In hin .paper or. "The Steel Industry of Amt rica;" R'b ccr Harding Davis 1ki nn account of "An English Passion Play" and Amelia Cer Mason discusses the question, "Is Sentiment Declining?" Perhaps Mr. W. D. Howells's "At Third Hand' is intended to be classed with the fiction, but it Is really a psychological ftudy dealing with rubJects certain problems cf life and death that men think of oftener than they mention them in conversation. Mr. Howells Is writing Industriously these days, but produces nothing which is not worth whlle. Among the stories Is the prize story In the college competition, "An Old World Wooing," by Adeline M. Jenney, cf the Wisconsin University. There is no special r.cte of originality in it. Amonx the illustrations are a series of four full-pape midwinter scenes in New York city, frcm pas

tels by Lverett Shmn. The North American Review for February is a notable number, not only for the distinguished names among Its contributors but for the nature rt their offerings. Some of these contributions have already been commented on by the Journal in its editorial pages. In th opening paper Mark Twain discusses certain national problems in his eff-hana. original and forcible way. It is none th Icrs cntcrtainIngfrom the fact that the reader may rot agree with him. Twain 13 himself tha subject of an analytical study by W. D. Howells. It is an extremely entertaining j aper, as is everything Mr. Howells writes in the line of literary criticism. Ex-Presi-dent Harrison's chapter of "Muslnt.s Upon Current Topics" reaches by other and more pigurnentatlve directions somo of the same conclusions arrived at by Twain. Both object to the "worlu-power" Idea in the sei,so in which it is recently applied to America. Senator Henry Cabot ldgo discusses from a lawyer's standpoint- th career of "John Marshall. Statesman." Perry Belmont, a leading Democrat cf New York, describes "The Plight of th Democratic Party." J. B. Forgan, president of the First National l?ank of Chicago, writes of the "Practleal Efficiency of the Banking Law." Dr. McLane Hamilton has something to say of "lgal Safeguards of Sanity." Augustine Blrrell gives his view of the causes of the conservatism of England and Lady Jeune offers an estimate of "Victoria and Hr Reign." In addition are papers on the following topics: "What England Ousht to Do." "American Troops in the Light of the Peking Expedition." "The South and the Negro." ".Substitutes for Ship Subsidies" and "SikhIsm and the Sikhs." Not to read some of 'these papers is to fall out of Ftep with current literature. The number has an importance and dignity which Justify the claim of the magazine to the name Review." With the Publisher-. A new edition of "Ashes of Empire," one of the very best of Robert W. Chambers's novels, is to be issued at once by the Frederick A. Stokes Company in paper covers and at a popular price. Mr. William Schuyler, assistant principal of the St. Louis Normal and High School, says of "The Sweepers of the Sea" (the Bowen-Merrlll Company) that "It is. In my opinion, the best book of its kind since the works of Jules Verne." Brentanos have nearly ready a work of especial interest to those Interested In the subjects of psychology and astrology, entitled "Our Fate and the Zodiac." and it i3 the most complete and elaborate book on this subject yet published. The A. Wessels Company announce for early publication in February "The Rise of the Book riate," by W. G. Bowdoln. The volume will contain 23) reproductions of representative and rare book plates, particularly examples of American book plate designers. Cassell & Co. announce an "Encyclopedia of the Game of Whist" a work less formidable than the name would indicate, however, since It makes but one moderate sized volume. It is said to contain everything one needs to know about whist and nothing more. G. W. Dillingham Company announces "The Toltec Savior," a historical romance of ancient Mexico, by Mrs. John Ellsworth Graham. The author lived in Mexico about nine years, collecting traditional and his torical events relative to this book, it is said to be a high-class novel. Florence Finch Kelley's striking story, "With Hoops of Steel," Issued by the Bowen-Merrill Company, is getting re markably flattering notices from the West ern reviewers. They express pleasure in the "complete and life-like picture she gives of the genuine plainsman, who is fast becoming a "once was. "The Spiritual Significance," the new book by Lilian Whiting, author of "The World Beautiful" (Little Brown ft Co.), is In its fifth thousand. "The fundamental basis of the entire spiritual significance of life," writes Miss Whiting, "is that man is a spiritual being, immortal in nature, progressive by means of a perpetually increasing development of his latent powers." According to their annual catalogue for 1900 the Macmillan Company published 513 works during the past year. One-third of this number were books by American authors, printed and copyrighted in the United States, and numbering for m) over one million and a half copies, according to a statement by the Norwood Press, in Massachusetts, which does most of the Macmillan Company's printing. The Century Company recently received a letter from a gentleman in Baltimore, ordering a copy of Ernest Seton-Thompson's "Biography of a Grizzly," to be sent to Colonel D. D. Pickett, Four Bears postoffice, Wyo. "Colonel Pickett," the writer added, "is the man that shot the bears. It is a true story, but I don't think he has ever seen it in print." The author's comment on the above is: "All my story Is true." It is not only novels which attain a big . circulation In these days. Ida M. Tarbell's "History of Napoleon" is said to have reached a sale of 100.GOO copies. It will ba reissued this month through McClure, Phillips & Co., under the title of "Napoleon and Josephine." The original elaborate illustrations will be preserved In the forthcoming edition, which has been supplemented and enlarged through the addition of a sympathetic sketch of the first Empress of the French. Nathan C. Schaeffer. superintendent of instruction in Pennsylvania, contributes to Llpplncott's educational series, "Thmking and Learning to ahlnk." an informing and helpful book, valuable to teachers and parents alike. Dr. W. Barton Hopkins, the well-known Philadelphia surgeon, lias Jat issued through the press of J. H. Lipplncott Company a "Clinical Treatise on Fractures," concise and practical in character, which very fully illustrates the application of X-ray photography to the diagnosis of fractures. Mr. John Murray, the English producer of the widely talked-of "An English Wom an's Love Letters," is quoted ?s saying: "I do not know who wrote It, and I cannot even guess. iy impression 13 tnat tr.e let ters were genuine enough, and that they were edited by a literary hand, so as to give them that perfect touch which has made them such a delight to the reading public. At pre sent there is Mm ply a wlM run on the book, and I am 3.M co-i-s in debt to the trade." Page, Doubleday & Co., New York, are the American publishers. The Lothrop Publishing Company, of Boston, is preparing for issue a romance called "A Carolina Cavalier." which Mr. George Cary EgKleston completed during the summer at his country place, Culross. on LaLf George. It is said that the plan and motive of this novel took form In Mr. Egglcstor.'s mind when, years ago. as a young Confederate ottieer, he was guarding the railroad near the home of South Carolina's revolutionary Governor, the famous John Rutledge, and, by favor of a Itter Rutlcdge, had access to the letters and either historical stores of the old revolutionary mansion. B. K. Benson's "Who Goes There? Tha Story of a Spy in -lie Civil War" (the Macmlllans). is attracting much attention ftt.ua the veterans of that war. Central S. S. Burdett. of Washington. D. C. considers it the best glory of the civil war which has come under his notice, ltcv. Lyman Abbott is quoted as rpraklng of it as "a remarkable book whether it Is fiction or fact, or fiction founded on fact." Oulla's new book of live short torlt ? will be published immediately by the MacmiUan Company under title of "Street Du-t and Other Stories." Many of the reader of Mile, de la llante't work think that tha is at her best la short stories.