Indianapolis Journal, Volume 50, Number 253, Indianapolis, Marion County, 10 September 1900 — Page 4

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1900.

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THE -.DAILY JOURNAL ' . - . MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1900.

Telephone Cnll. Fusing Office Z2X Editorial Rooms 8; xr. rT . , .. - terms of srnscmiTioTr. DAILY LY MAIL. Pally cnty, on year ?S-ri) Ialty. including Sunday, one year X'.'W Fur.day only, one year taily rniy, one month ") tally rnly. three months 2.-JW WHEN FUI'.NISHED BY AGENTS. Dally. per week, by carrier 15 ets f-nnday. tnle copy eta Daily ind Sunday, per week, by carrier 2) cts WEEKLY. I'r year 5100 Reduced Hates to Clubs. Subscribe with any of our numerous sjents or end subscription to the JOURNAL NEWSPAPER COMPANY, Indianapolis, Inl. Persons rending the Journal through the mails In the Unite-! States should put on an tignt-pajs paper a UNE-CENT postage utamp: on a twelve vr sixten-peite papr a TWO-CENT poetag.i er&rop. Foreign postage is usually double these rates. All communications intended for publication In this paper must. In order to receive attention. le accompanied by the name and address of tho writer. . Hejected manuscripts will not be returned unless postage is inclosed for that purpose. Entered as second-class matter at Indianapolis Ind., postofflee. THE INDIANAPOLIS JOl'IWAL Can be found at the following places: NEW YOUK Astor House and Fifth-avenue Hot 4. CHICAGO ralraer House, r. O. News Co., 217 Dearborn street CINCINNATI J. R. Hawley & Co., 1S4 lne street. LOUISVILLE C. T. Deering. northwest corner of Third and Jefferson streets, and Louisville Look Co., 2Z6 Fourth avenue. ET. LOUIS-Unlon News Company. Union Depot. .WASHINGTON. D. C Riggs House, Ebbltt Houe and Willard's Hotel. What do those men mean who are traveling about saying that the United States atole the Philippines? By this time some orators should be learning that the Valladlgham role of 18G3-1S64 does not capturo votes. ' Mr. Bryan has remarked that the Dem ocrats stand the came on the money question that they did four years ago. The Impression prevails that Mr. Schun's letter to Secretary Gage Is harming Mr. Bryan, because it says In effect that the only safeguard against Mr. Bryan's 16 to 1 Is the Republican party. It. Is reported that German-American voters In Illinois eee Imperialism In Mr. Bryan's domineering conduct. Some of them have expressed the opinion that the man who insists on dictating a platform is too much of a dictator. If the 24,000 Democrats in Maine who took to the woods two years ago to-day, instead of votlnc. rnme out and vote, the Renub'llcan plurality in to-day's election will be rather under than over 23,000. A full Republican vote Is predicted by the party managers In Maine. It seems that the story that the officers of the Ohio River Railroad refused to haul Mr. Bryan's car Is false. They were never asked to do so. Nevertheless it has afforded opportunity to make it appear that the Standard Oil Company Is opposed to the traveling candidate. Croker is not only triumphant In New York, .but Mr. Bryan is reported to have recognized hiro as his leader in that State, thus exalting the man and the organization which Is responsible for the most inhuman monopoly the ice trust, which conspired to make poor people pay three prices for ice. I The adage that one must go away from home to get the news Is Illustrated by the statement of a Chicago correspondent that the so-called Harrison Republicans In In diana continue to sulk and that while they will vote for McKinley they refuse to beat the drum. The writer has found one of the old stories of August, 1S96, when tho , same charge was made. It was not true then; it is not true now. Senator and Chairman Jones has ar ranged a meeting of the leading Democrats of Indiana at the Grand Hotel for the . purpose of showing them the necessity of liberal contributions from this State. As the Indiana Democratic maniagers are always asking liberal contribu tions for their use, the proposition of the director of the cotton-baling monopoly will be received with coolness. The correspondent of the Chicago Record says that Mr. Croker has arranged with Mr. Bryan to carry New York on a plan of his own. ' Imperialism cuts no figure with the people, so Croker has conceived the scheme of going to the manufacturing cities and preaching to the employes that they do not receive a just share of the profits which manufacturers are making, the purpose being to cause antagonisms that will help Bryan. Like the other schemes of Boss Croker, he assumes that the wage earners the country over are as ignorant and vicious as thousands whom the Tammany local bosses take to the polls to vote whatever ticket Croker may put up. It is evident that the representatives of the anthracite coal miners are doing their uimost to avoid a strike. They have gone so far as to propose arbitration. It is said that the mine operators refuse to treat with the official board, but will treat with - the men they employ. When the officers of the organization propose arbitration the mine operators are in no position to ignore them and appeal to public sentiment. If they have a good case arbitration is favorable to them, while, if they refuse to arbitrate, the general impression will bo that they are In the wrong. It may be added that when any party in a labor dls pute refuses arbitration they should have no support from the Uw. This should be the case In regard to great Industries like the production of anthracite coal, which affect whole States. It is yet hoped that the miners and operators -will come to some arrangement and thus avoid a strike. It the operator continue to show no dlsposl tlon to come to terms It is fair to assume that" they are working , to have a strike for a few days, which will enable them to get clear of stocks on hand and put up the prices. Very naturally, the letter from ex-Secretary Olney attracts attention as much for hi apparent change of base since last March a for his support of Mr. Bryan limply to nave the Democratic party. In -the March Atlantic Monthly. Mr. Olney declared ' that "the Isolation policy and practice have tended to belittle the national character, have led to a iptcles of pro-

vinclallsm and to narrow views of our duties and functions as a Nation." In the same article he urged that the. United States "should make Cuba in point of law what It is In point of fact, namely. United States territory." This was urged In spite of the pledge of Congress to give Cuba Independence. He went on to declare that

"the United States has come out of Its shell and ceased to be a hermit among na- I tlons, naturally and properly. It goes without saying that the United States cannot play the part In the world's affairs it has just assumed without equipping Itself for the part with all the instrumentalities necessary to make its will felt either through pacific Intercourse and negotiation, or through force. Its diplomatic agencies must, therefore, be greatly enlarged, strengthened and Improved, while a powerful navy, up-to-date in all points of construction, armament, general efficiency and readiness for instant service, becomes of equal necessity." One will look in vain for a more insistent policy of expansion, now called Imperialism, than that put forth last March in the words quoted. Probably he holds the same views now, but the desirableness of preserving me Democratic party for future usefulness seems to be a matter of paramount importance. 3IR. 3FKIXLEVS LETTER OP ACCEPTANCE. There are but two classes of men who will not read the whole of Mr. McKlnley's letter of acceptance the class which never reads anything of importance and the class which never reads anything written by a Republican. It is an exhaustive and masterly presentation of the case with which the Republican party goes to the peopleVery naturally. President McKinley begins with the currency question, proving by Mr. Bryan's words and conduct that it Is the real issue and that Bryan's demand is for the "immediate restoration of the free and unlimited coinage of silver." This leads the President to remark, "if one issue Is paramount ' this is immediate." The President next takes up the record of the Republican Congress amd administration. If there are those who have been led to believe that nothing has been done, a careful reading of the record will prove to them that they have forgotten the marvelous changes which have followed the election of WlllLim McKinley, really the advance agent of prosperity. Half of the letter is devoted to consideration of the Philippine question. It is a concise history of what has taken place. The President declares that "no one who will avail himself of the facts will longer hold that there was any alliance between our soldiers and the insurgents, or that any promise of Independence was made to them." He shows that in July, 1S98, before the peace protocol was signed, Aguinaldo was threatening our army. He answers those who declare that there would have been no fighting If Congress had declared its purpose by showing that Aguinaldo at tacked our troops before the ratification of the treaty, and that an attack had been planned weeks before the treaty was voted on. "Are our opponents against the treaty?" the President inquires; "if so," he answers, "they must be reminded that it could not have been ratified in the Sen ate without their assistance; the Senate which ratified the treaty," he goes on, "and the Congress which added Its sanction by a, large appropriation comprised senators of the people of both parties." Toward the close the President turns upon his assailants: "There were those who two years ago were rushing us to war with Spain who are unwilling to accept its clear consequences as there are those among us who advocated the ratification of this treaty of peace but now protest against its obligations. Nations that go to war must be prepared to accept its resultant obligations, and, when they make treaties must keep them. If others shirk the obliga tions imposed on them by war, we must part company with them." Then the President clearly declares his purpose in these words: It is our purpose to establish In the Philippines a government suitable to the wants and conditions of the inhabitants and to prepare them for self-government, and to give them self-government when they are ready for it, and as rapidly as they are ready for It. That I am aiming to do under my constitutinal authority, and will continue to do until Congress shall determine the political status of the Inhabitants of the archipelago. The President In a few sentences exposes the hypocrisy of the charge of Imperialism: "Freedom Is the rock upon which the Republican party was built and now rests." In dignified language, which serves to make Its sarcasm more p ffectlve, Mr. McKinley says: The Republican party does not have to assert its devotion to the Declaration of Independence. That immortal instrument of the fathers remained unexecuted until the people under the lead of the Republican party in the awful clash' of battle turned its promises into fulfillment. It wrote into the Constitution the amendments guaranteeing political equality to American citizenship and it has never broken them or counseled others in breaking them. It will not be guided in its conduct by one set of principles at home and another set in the new) territory belonging to the United States. The letter abounds In sentences that contain more than whole speeches. Here are a few of them: If one issue is paramount, this silver is immediate. For labor a short day is better than a short dollar. ' , The march of events rules and overrules human action. Freedom Is the rock upon which the Republican party was builded and now rests. The American people will not make the murderers of our soldiers the agents of the Republic to convey the blessing of liberty and order to the Philippines. The American question Is between duty and desertion the American verdict will be for duty against desertion, for the Republic again both anarchy and Imperialism. "Would our opponents surrender to the in surgents, abandon our sovereignty or cede it to them? If that Is not their purpose. then It should be promptly disclaimed. THE SENTINEL AND MR. IU'RKE. On Saturday the Sentinel seemed to feel called upon to priut a long editorial ex pressing Its confidence in the Hon. Frank B. Burke. Among other things the Sentl nel said: The Sentinel desires it understood that it is giving its fullest and heartiest sun port to Mr. Burke, not merely tecause he Is the Democratic candidate, but becaue tt regards him as pre-eminently the man for the place in. this Juncture, and believes that the people of this district would In Jure themselves in every way if they failed to elect mm. - Very naturally, the Sentinel assails exSpeaker Littleton because he has found In the files of the "Sentinel the harshest things about Mr. Burke that could be said of any man. These have been published be

fore, but they are worth repeating. On March 21, 1S33. the Sentinel said editorially: Mr. Burke was a senator in the Legislatures of 1S&3 and 1S9U" In this capacity he was the recognized mouthpiece of the corporation lobby, the uncompromising and studiously offensive enemy of organized labor, and the persistent opponent of reform legislation of every kind and degree. He is a machine politician In the fullest sense of the term, and stands for everything that what is known as Clevelandlsm Is- a protest against. On March 22, 1S93, in an article, alleged to have been telegraphed from Washington, the Sentinel said: He Burke lias been so dead politically In Indiana that he is frequently held up as a warning to young men with tendencies to legislate for boodle only. "Beware of the political fate of Burke" has often appeared In the newspapers when warning members to look out for the lobby. He was beaten In a square fight for renominatlon to the Senate at the primaries, after a full discussion of his record upon the stump. His legislative record was the issue. He could not be elected to an office, even In a county as strongly Democratic as Allen. What the Sentinel then said of Mr. Burke was, it said, the result of a long experience. Did it believe what it said then? If It did not it has slandered Mr. Burke and should make an abject confession in direct language. If it did not slander him, and the evidence shall show that It did not, it has .stultified itself unnecessarily, since it might have been silent. The incident is a confession, at least, that any statement it makes politically as affecting persons cannot be believed.

The rumor that ex-President Cleveland will follow ex-Secretary Olney in a letter favoring Mr. Bryan is already denied. The Brooklyn Eagle, before the denial was made, assumed that the rumor was false. It says that Mr. Cleveland and Mr. Oiney, being men of strong personality, affected each other unpleasantly as often as agreeably during the ' last year of the Cleve land administration. Mr. Olney desired the Democratic nomination for President In 1896. Ife failed to see, as did Mr. Cleveland, that he was a member of an administration which had been deserted by Its party. Mr. Olney could not seo that his ambition could not be realized. The Eagle says "Mr. Olney Is sincerely convinced, as those who know him are aware, that the errors from which he could have saved Mr. Cleveland, but for the latter's Indoclllty, would have made Republican success In 1S96 impossible and Democratic success then quite easy under a different and better candidate. His conviction that Mr. Cleveland brought Bryanlsm on Democracy and Republicanism Into power accounts ,for his omission to commend the administration with which he was connectcd." This is an interesting disclosure by a paper which was always very near Mr.. Cleveland. Unused to politics, Mr. Olney imagines that if Mr. Cleveland had proceeded differently he might now be President. For this reason he criticises Mr. McKinley, but at the same time he does not applaud Mr. Bryan. Mr. Olney is getting into, position for 1904, evidently forgetting that he was the inspiration of the action against Debs which extorted from ex-Governor Altgeld the phrase "government by injunction." The South Bend Republican meeting goes a long way to refute the story about apathy. It was a great demonstration of latent Republicanism, which is life, and energy whenever the situation demands. BUBBLES IN THE AIR. Simple and Refreshing:. "Jimmy, what do you want for your break fast?" "Well, ma, gimme ha'f a watermelon out on the porch an a spoon." The Opening: Argnmeut. "Fa, what is the gage of war?" "The gage of war? "Well, it is the first chunk of mud you throw at that little Jones boy that you say is always picking a fuss with you." Taking: Thing: Off the Hinges. "Our troops have captured four gates of the Forbidden City." "Yes; say, war with the Chinese Beems to be a" sort of Halloween high-Jinks, doesn't it?" Not Cnt Oat to Win Wealth. "Barker Bltts had to give up being a doctor." "Didn't he like It?""Yes; but he Is so cheerful that his ratlents don't stay sick long enough to keep him In cigars." - Una to Shop at a Profit. "That big gilt frame rs a bargain." "What did you pay for it?" "Fay fcr It? I went in to price it every day for a week, and the man got unbalanced and gave it to me." The Rhetorical Steeplechase. . "What! No more phonographic speeches from Bryan? Have his vocal chords given out?" "No; but the- phonograph factories sent him word that he must let up and go slower if he expects them to supply him." ' Good Space Going to Waste. "Henry is o ridiculous." "What's the matter now?" "He says I ought to have 'God bless our home' or 'Love your neighbors' engraved on this blank plate I wear on the back of my belt." Scientific. 'Ta! Oh, Pa! I know how f make a almnac." "How, Tommy?" "Why, y Jes' get up a lot of eclipses an make 'em to come off somewheres where they ain't visible." NO CUT IN PRICES. California Dried Fruit Men Deny, the Recent Reportn. SAN JOSE, Cal., Sept. 9. Dispatches recently received from the East stating that the Eastern dried fruit trade was being seriously injured by the California Cured Fruit Association quoting prices for export trade one-half cent on "four sizes" under domestic prices and also that the California combination did not control the output of prunes were denied strongly today in an interview by President Bond, of the association. The president said the prices fixed by the California Cured Fruit Association were from five-eighths to three-quarters of a cent above the prices quoted In Hamburg by the European prune dealers. . "Thus our association decided to meet this somewhat by . taking off one-half a cent from our former prices. We stipulated, however, that no goods would be shipped abroad unless a bill of lading was taen out here, and also that no differential would be allowed until the goods were released from bond. There is thus no danger of our goods, even if sold In Europe, being reshlpped and put on the market here, as the import duty of 2 cents, and one-quarter of a cent for freight, would prohibit such a deal." Heavy Fighting in Colombia. KINGSTON. Jamaica, Sept. 9. Mail adVices received to-day from Colon. Colombia, say that the rebels seized the town of Turbaco, near Cartagena, as well as the railway, last Monday. The following day the Colombian warship Cordova arrived with 400 troops, and heavy fighting ensued. There was great excitement in Cartagena when the mail steamer left Colon.

McKINLEY'S LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE.

WASHINGTON, Sept. 3.-Following is William McKlnley's letter accepting the nomination of the Republican national convention for President: "Hon. Henry Cabot Lodge, Chairman Notification Committee: "My Dear Sir The nomination of the Republican national convention of June 19, 1900, for the office of President of the United States, which, as the official representative of the convention, you have conveyed to me, is accepted. r "I have carefully examined the platform adopted, and give to it my hearty approval. Upon the great issue of the last national election it is clear. It upholds the gold standard and indorses the legislation of the present Congress by which that standard has been effectively strengthened. The stability of our national currency is, therefore, secure so long as those who adhere to this platform are kept in"control of the government. In the first battle, that of 1S96, the friends of the gold standard and of sound currency were triumphant, and the country Is enjoying the fruits of that victory. Our antagonists, however, are not satisfied. They compel us to fight a second battle upon the same lines on which the first was fought and won. While regretting the reopening of this question, which can only disturb the present satisfactory financial condition of the government and visit uncertainty upon our great business enterprises, we accept the issue and again invite the sound-money forces to Join in winning another, and, we hope, a permanent triumph for an honest financial system, which will continue inviolable the public faith. "As In 1S96, the three silver parties are united under the same leader who immediately after the election of that year, In an address to the blmetalllsts, said: " "The friends of bimetallism have not been vanquished; they have simply been overcome. They believe that the gold standard Is a conspiracy of the money changers against the welfare of the human race, and they will continue the warfare against It. "The policy thus proclaimed has been accepted and confirmed by these parties. The Silver Democratic platform of 1900 continues the warfare against the so-called gold conspiracy when it expressly says 'we reiterate the demand of that the Chicago platform of 1896 for an American financial system made by the American people for themsleves, which shall restore and maintain a bimetallic price level, and as part of such system the immediate restoration of the free and unlimited coinage of sliver ana gold at the present ratio of 16 to 1, without waiting for the aid or consent of any other nation.' "So the issue is presented. It will be noted that the demand is for the Immediate restoration of the free coinage of silver at 16 to 1. If another issue is paramount this is immediate. It will admit of no delay, and will suffer no postponement. POPULIST DECLARATION. "Turning to the other associated parties we find in the Populist national platform adopted at Sioux Falls. S. D., May 10, 1900, the following declaration: "'We pledge anew the People's party never to cease the agitation until this financial conspiracy is blotted from the statute book, the Lincoln greenback restored, the bonds all paid and all corporation money forever retired. We reaffirm the demand for the reopening of the mints of the United States for the free and unlimited coinage of silver and gold at the present legal ratio of 16 to 1, the Immediate increase of the volume of silver coins and certificates thus created to be substituted, dollar for dollar, for the bank notes issued by private corporations under special privilege, granted by law of Mrch 14, 1900, and prior to national banking laws.' "The platform of the Silver party adopted at Kansas City July 6. 1900, makes the following announcement: " 'We declare it to be our intention to lend our efforts to the repeal of this currency law, which not only repudiates tho ancient and time-honored principles of the American people before the Constitution was adopted, but is violative of the principles of the Constitution itself; and we shall not cease our efforts until there has been established in Its. place a monetary system based upon: .the, free and unlimited coinage of silver arid gold Into money at the present legal ratio of 16 to 1 by the Independent action of the United States, under which system all paper money shall be issued by the government and all such money coined or Issued shall be a full legal tender In payment of all debts, public and private, without exception.' "In all three platforms these parties announce that their efforts shall be unceasing until the gold act shall be blotted from the statute books and the free and unlimited coinage of silver at 16 to 1 shall take its place. "The relative importance of the Issues I do not stop to discuss.' All of them are important. Whichever party is successful will be bound in conscience to carry into the administration and legislation its several declarations and doctrines. One declaration will be as obligatory as another, but all are not immediate. It is not possible that these parties would treat the doctrine of 16 to 1. the immediate realization of which Is demanded by their several platforms, as void and Inoperative In the event that they should be clothed with power. Otherwise their profession of faith Is Insincere. It Is, therefore, the imperative business of those opposed to this financial heresy to prevent the triumph of the parties whose union is only assured by adherence to the silver issue. Will the American people, through indifference or fancied se curity, hazard the overtnrow oi tne wise financial legislation of the past year and revive the danser of the silver standard with all the inevitable evils of shattered confidence and general disaster which Justly alarmed and aroused them in 1S95? "The Chicago elatform of 1896 is reaffirmed in its entirety by the Kansas City convention. Nothing has been omitted or recalled; so that all the perils then threatened are presented anew, with the added force of a deliberate reaffirmation. Four years ago the people refused to place the seal of their approval upon these dangerous and revolutionary policies, and this year they will not fail to record again their earnest dissent. RECORD TO DE PROUD OF. What the Republican Party, Through Its Representatives, Una Done. "The Republican party remains faithful to its principle of a tariff which supplies sufficient revenues for the government and adequate protection to our enterprises and producers; and of reciprocity which opens foreign markets to the fruits of American labor, and furnishes new channels through which to market the surplus of American farms. The time-honored principles of protection and reciprocity were the first pledges of Republican victory to be written into public law. "The present Congress has given to Alaska a territorial government for which it had waited more than a quarter of a century; has established a representative government in Hawaii; has enacted bills for the most liberal treatment of the pensioners and their widows; has revived the free homestead policy. In its great financial law it provided for the establishment of banks of issue with a capital of $25,00) for the benefit of villages and rural communities, and bringing the opportunity for profitable business in banking within the reach of moderate capital. Many are already availing themselves of this privilege. "During the past year more than nineteen millions of United States bonds have been paid from the surplus revenues of the treasury and in addition twenty-five millions of 2 per cent, matured, called by the government, are in process of payment. Pacific Railroad bonds issued by the government In aid of the roads In the sum of nearly forty-four million dollars have been raid since Dec. 1, 1897. The treasury balance Is in satisfactory condition, showing on Sept. 1. J135.419.Ouo. In addition to the il50.ouo.0ii0 gold reserve held in the treasury. The government's relations with the Pacific railroads have been substantially closed. $124,1-1.000 being received from these roads, the greater part in cash and the remainder with ample securities for payments deferred. "Instead of diminishing, as was predicted four years ago. the volume of our currency is greater per capita than it has ever been. It was $:i.!0 in U. It had In creased to $23.50 on July 1, 1900. and J26.S5 on Sept. 1. 1900. Our total money on July 1, 181-6. was 31.50,43f.C6; on July 1, 1900. It was 12.062. 423. 40. and I2.09C.6S3.042 on Sept. 1, 1900. "Our Industrial and agricultural condi

tion ara more Dromislnz than they have

been for many years, probably more o than they have ever been. Prosperity abounds everywhere throughout the Republic. I rejoice that the Southern as well as the Northern States are enjoying a full share of these improved national conditions, and that all are contributing so largely to our remarkable Industrial development. The money lender receives lower rewards for his capital than If tt were Invested In active business. The rates of interest are lower than they have ever been In this country, while those things which are produced on the farm and in the workshop, and the labor producing them, have advanced In value. OUR FOREIGN TRADE. "Our foreign trade shows a satisfactory and increasing growth. The amount of our exports for the year 1900 over those of the exceptionally prosperous year of 1S99 was about half a million dollars for every day of the year, and these sums have gone into the homes and enterprises of the people. There has been an Increase of over 50.000,000 in the exports of agricultural products, 592,692,220 in manufactures, and In the products of the mines of over $10,000,009. Our trade balances cannot faif to give satisfaction to the people of the country. In 1S9S we sold abroad $615,432,676 of products more than we bought abroad; in 1899, $529,S74.S13, and in 1900, $541,471,701, making during the three years a total balance in our favor of $1,689.779,190 nearly live times the balance of trade in our favor for the whole period of 108 years from 1790 to June JO, 1897, inclusive. "Four hundred and thirty-six million dollars of gold have been added to the gold stock of the United States since July 1, l&sS: The law of March 14, 19o0, authorized the refunding into 2 per cent, bonds of that part of the public debt represented by the 3 per cents, due in 1108, the 4 per cents, due in 1907 and the 5 per cents, due in 1901, aggregating $840,000,000. More than one-third of the sum of these bonds was refunded in the first three months after the passage of the act, and on Sept. 1 the sum had been increased more than $33.000,000, making in all $330,578.050, resulting in a net saving of over $8,379.520. The ordinary receipts of the government for the fiscal year 1900 were $79.527,060 in excess of its expenditures. "While our receipts both from customs and internal revenue have been greatly increased, our expenditures have been decreasing. Civil and miscellaneous expenses for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900. were nearly $14,000,000 less than in 1S99, while on the war account there Is a decrease of more than $93,000,000. There were required $8,000.000 less to support the navy this year than last, and the expenditures on account of Indians were nearly two and three-quarter million dollars less than in 1899. The only two items of increase In the public expenses of 1900 over 1899 are for pensions and interest on the public debt. For 1899 we expended for pensions $139,394,929, and for the fiscal year 1900 our payments on this account amounted to $140,877.316. The net increase of interest on the public debt of 1900 over 1S99 required by the war loan was $263,403.25. While Congress authorized the government to make a war loan of $400,000,000 at the beginning of the war with Spain, only $200,000.000 of bonds were issued, bearing 2 per cent, interest, which were promptly and patriotically taken by our citizens. Unless something unforeseen occurs to -reduce our revenues or increase our expenditures, the Congress at its next session should reduce taxation very materially. PAYING OUR DEBTS. "Five years ago we were selling government bonds bearing as high as 5 per cent. Interest. Now we are redeeming them with a bond at par bearing 2 per cent, interest. We are selling our surplus products and lending our surplus money to Europe. One result of our selling to other nations so much ' more than we have bought from them during the past three years is a radical improvement of our financial relations. The great amounts of capital which have been borrowed of Europe for our rapid, material development have remained a constant drain upon our resources for interest and dividends and made our money market liable to constant disturbances by calls for payment or heavy sales of our securities whenever moneyed stringency or panic occurred abroad. We have now been paying these debts and bringing home many of our securities and establishing countervailing credits abroad by our loans and placing ourselves upon a sure foundation of financial independence. "In the unfortunate contest between Great Britain and the Boer states of South Africa the United States has maintained an attitude of neutrality In accordance with its well-known traditional policy. It did not hesitate, however, when requested by the governments of the South African republics, to exercise its good offices for a

cessation of hostilities. It is to be observed that, while the South African republics made like requests of other powers, the United States Is the only one which com plied. The British government declined to accept the intervention of any power. "Ninety-one per cent, of our exports and imports are now carried by foreign ships. For ocean transportation we pay annually to foreign ship owners over $165.000,000. We ought to own the ships for our carrying trade with the world and we ought to build them in American shipyards and man them with American sailors. Our own citizens should receive the transportation charges now paid to foreigners. I have called the attention of Congress to this subject In my several annual messages. In that of Dec. 6, 1897, I said: 'Most desirable from every standpoint of national interest and patriotIsm is the effort to extend our foreign commerce. . To this end our merchant marine should be improved and enlarged. We should do our fuil share of the carrying trade of the world. We do not do It now. We should be the laggard no longer. "In my message of Dec. 5, 1899, I said: 'Our national development will be one-sided and unsatisfactory so long as the remarkable growth of our Inland Industries remains unaccompanied by progress on the seas. There Is no lack of constitutional authority for legislation which shall give to the country maritime strength commensurate with Its industrial achievements and with its rank among the nations of the earth. The past year has recorded exceptional activity in our shipyards, and the promises of continual prosperity in shipbuilding are abundant. Advanced legislation for the protection of our seamen has been enacted. Our coast trade under regulations wisely framed at the beginning of the government and since, shows results for the past fiscal year unequaled in our records or those of any other power. We shall fall to realize our opportunities, however, if we complacently regard only matters at home, and blind ourselves to the necessity of securing our share In the valuable carrying trade of the world.' "I now reiterate these views. "A subject of Immediate importance to our country is the completion of a great waterway of commerce between the Atlantic and Pacific. The construction of a maritime canal Is now more than ever Indispensable to that intimate and ready communication between our eastern and western seaports demanded by the annexation of the Hawaiian islands and the expansion of our influence and trade in the Pacific. "Our national policy more imperatively than ever calls for its completion and control by this government; and it Is believed the next session of Congress, after receiving the full report of the commission appointed under the act approved March 3. 1S99, will make provisions for the sure accomplishment of this great work. m OI1NOXIOU3 COMHINATIONS. Those "Which Suppresa Competition and Arbitrarily Enhance Prices. "Combinations of capital which control the market In commodities necessary to the general use of the people by suppressing natural and ordinary competition, thus enhancing prices to the general consumer, ara obnoxious to the common law and the public welfare. They are dangerous conspiracies against the public good, and should be made the subject of prohibitory or penal legislation. Publicity will be a helpful Influence to check this evil. Unl formlty of legislation In the several States should be secured. Discrimination between what is Injurious and what Is useful and necessary in business operations is essential to the wise and effective treatment of this subject Honest co-operation of capi tal is necessary to meet new business conditions and extend our rapidly increasing foreign trace, out conspiracies and combi nations intended to restrict business, create monopolies and control prices should be ef fectively restrained. "The best service which can bo rendered

to labor is to afford it an opportunity for steady and remunerative employment, and give .it every encouragement for advancement. The policy that subserves this end is the true American policy. The past three years have been more satisfactory to American wcrkingmen than many preceding years. Any change of the present Industrial or financial policy of the government would be disastrous to their highest interests. With prosperity at home and an increasing foreign market for American products employment should continue to wait upon labor, and with the present gold standard tho workingman Is secured against payments for his labor In a depreciated currency. For labor a short da is better than a short dollar. One will lighten the burdens; the other lessens the rewards of toll. The one will promote contentment and independence; the other penury and want. The wages of labor should be adequate to keep the home in comfort, educate the children, and, with thrift and economy, lay something by for the days of infirmity and old age. "Practical civil-service reform has always had the support and encouragement of th3 Republican party. The future of the merit system is safe in its hands. During thj piesent administration as occasions have arisen for modification or amendment in the existing civil-service law and rules they have been made. Important amendments were promulgated by executive order under date of May , 1899, having for their principal purpose the exception from competitive examination of certain places Involving fiduciary responsibilities or duties of a fctrictly confidential, scientific or executive character, which it was thought might better be filled either by noncompetitive cxrmlnatlon or by other tests of fitness in the ? . a arms V 1

discretion or the appointing oincers. v is gratifying that the experience of more than a year has vindicated these changes, in the marked improvement of the public service. " "The merit system, as far as practicable, Is made the basis for appointments to ofllce in our new territory. The American people are profoundly grateful to the soldiers, sailors and marines who have in every time of conflict fought their country's battles and defended Its henor. ' The survivors and the widows and orphans of those who have fallen are Justly entitled to receive the generous and considerate care of the Nation. Few are now left of those who fought in the Mexican war, and while many of the veterans of the civil war are still spared to us, their numbers are rapidly diminishing and age and infirmity are increasing their dependence. These, with the sailors of the Spanish war., will not be neglected by their grateful countrymen. The pension laws have been liberal. They should be Justly administered and will be. Preference should be given to the soldiers, sailors and marines, their widows and orphans, with respect to employment in the public service. CUBA AND PORTO RICO. What Una Deep Done Toward! Establishing Stable Governments. "We have been in possession of Cuba since the 1st of January, 1899. We have restored order and established domestic tranquillity. We have fed the starving, clothed the naked and ministered to the sick. We have Improved the sanitary condition of the island. We have stimulated industry, introduced public education and taken a full and comprehensive enumeration of the inhabitants. The qualification of electors has been settled and under It officers have been chosen for alt the municipalities of Cuba. These local governments are now in operation, administered by the people. Our military establishment has been reduced from $43,000 to less than $6,000. An election has been ordered to be held on the 15th of September, under a fair election law already tried In the municipal elections, to choose members of a constitutional convention, and the convention of the same order is to assemble on the first Monday of November to frame a constitution upon which an independent government for the island will rest. All this is a long step in the fulfillment of our sacred guarantees to the people of Cuba. "We hold Porto Rico by the same title as the Philippines. The treaty of peace which ceded us the one conveyed to us the other. Congress has given to this island a government In which the inhabitants participate, elect their own Legislature, enact their own local laws, provide their own system of taxation, and in these respects have the same power and privileges enjoyed by other Territories belonging to the United States, and a much larger measure of self-government than was given to the inhabitants of Louisiana under Jefferson. A district court of the United States for Porto Rico has been established and local courts have been Inaugurated, all of which are in operation. The generous treatment of the Porto Rlcans accords with the most liberal thought of our own country and encourages the best aspirations of the people of the island. While they do not have instant free commercial intercourse with the United States, Congress complied with my recommendation by removing, on the first day of May last, 85 per cent, of the duties and providing for the removal of the re maining la per cent, on the nrst or aiarcn, 1902, or earlier if the Legislature of Porto Rico shall provide local revenues for the expenses of conducting the government. During this intermediate period Porto Rlcan products coming into the United States, pay a tariff of 15 per cent, of the rates under the Dlngiey act. and our goods going to Porto Rico pay a like rate. The duties thus paid and collected both In Porto Rico and the United States are paid to the government of Porto Rico and no part thereof is taken by the national government. All of the duties from Nov. 1. 1898, to June 30, 1900, aggregating the sum of 2, 230, 523. 21 paid at the custom houses in the United States upon Porto Rlcon products, under the laws existing prior to the above mentioned act of Congress, have gone Into the treasury of Torto Rico to relieve the destitute and for schools and ether public purposes. In addition to this we have expended for relief, education and improvement of roads the sum of $1,513.084.95. The United States military force in the Island has beeh reduced from 11.000 to 1.500. and native Porto Rlcans constitute for the most part the local constabulary. "Under the neV law and the Inauguration of civil government there has been a gratifying revival of business. The manufactures of Porto Rico are developing; her imports are increasing; her tariff is yielding increased returns; her fields are being cultivated: free schools are being established. Notwithstanding the many embarrassments incident to a change of national conditions she Is rapidly showing the good effects of her new relations to this Nation. THE PHILIPPINES. Instruction to the Comntilonera Who Negotiated Peace Treaty. "For the sake full and Intelligent understanding of the Philippine question, and to give to the people authentic information of the acts and aims of the administration, I present at some length the events of importance leading up to the present situation. The purposes of the executive are best revealed and can best be Judged by what he has done and is doing. It will be seen that the power of the government has been used for the liberty, the ieace and the prosperity of the Philippine peoples, and that force has been employed only against force which stood in the way of the realization uf these ends. "On the 23th day of April, 1S98, Congress declared that a state of war existed between Spain and the United States. On May 1, 189S, Admiral Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet in Manila bay. On May 19. 1S93, Major General Merrltt, IT. S. A., was placed in command of the military expedition to Manila, and directed among other thlng3 to immediately publish a proclamation declaring that we come not to make vsar upon the people of the Philippines nor upon any part of faction among them, but to protect them In their homes, in their employments, and In their personal and religious rights. All persons who. either by active aid or by honest submission, co-operate with the United States in Its efforts to give effect to this beneficial purpose, will receive the reward of its support and protection. "On July 2, ls9s, the Spanish fleet in attempting to csrae from Santiago harbor was destroyed by the American fleet, and on July 17. 1M. the Spanish garrison In the city of Santiago surrendered to the commander of the American forces. "Following these brilliant victories, on the 12th day of August, 18, upon the Initiative of Siuln. hostilities were suspended and a protocol wu signed with a view to arranging terms of peace between the two governments. In pursuance thereof I appointed as commissioners the following distinguished citizens to conduct the negotiations on the part of the United States: Hon. William R. Day of Ohio. Hon. William P.

Frye of Maine. Hon. Cushman K. Davis of Minnesota. Hon. George Grr.y.of Delaware and Hon. Whltelaw Held of Ww.York. COM MISSIONERS CAUTION ED. "In addressing the peace commission before its departure for Paris I eid: " 'It is my wish that throughout the negotiations intrusted to the co.nmissiou the purpose and spirit with which the United States accepted the unweicomc necessity of wur should be kxt constantly in view. We took up arms only in obeuienre to the dictates of humanity and In the fulfillment of high public and moral obligations. We had no design of aggrandizement , nnd no ambitiun of conquest. Through the long course of related representations whica preceded ana aimed to avert the struggle, and m the final arbitrament of force, tnU country was impelled solely by the purpose of relieving grievous wrongs and removing long-existing conditions vtnicn disturbed its tranquillity, which shocked the moral sense or mankind and which evilld no longer be endured. " 'it is my eirnest wish that the United States, In making peace, should follow tho same high rule of conduct which guided it in facing wur. It should be as scrupulous and magnanimous In the concluding settlement as It was Just and humane In it original action. " 'Our aim in the adjustment of peace should be directed to lasting results and to the achievement of the common good under the demands of civilization rather than to ambitious designs. " 'Without any original thought of complete or even partial acquisition, the presence and success of our arms In Manila imposes upon us obligations which we cannot disregard. The march of events rule and overrules human action. Avowing unreservedly the purpose which has animated all our effort, and still solicitous to adhera to it, we cannot be unmindful that without any desire or design on our part the war has brought us new duties and responsibilities whicn we must meet and discharge as becomes a great nation on whose growth and career from the beginning the Ruler of Nations has plainly written the high command and pledge of civilization.' "On Oct. 28, 1598, while the peace coramUsion was continuing its negotiations in Paris, the following additional instruction was sent: " 'It is imperative upon us that as victors we should be governed only by motives which will exalt our Nation. Territorial expansion should be our least concern; that we shall not shirk the moral obligations of our victory is of the greatest. It is undisputed that Spain's authority is permanently destroyed in every part of the Philippines. To leave any part in her feeblo control now would increase our difficulties and be opposed to the interests of humanity. Nor can we permit Spain to transfer any of the Islands to another power. Nor can we invite another power or powers to Join the United States in sovereignty over them. We must cither hold them or turn them back to Spain. " 'Consequently, grave as are the responsibilities and unforeseen as are the difficulties which are before us. the President can see but one plain path of duty the acceptance of the archipelago. Greater difficulties and more serious complications administrative and international would' follow any other course. The President has given to the views of the commissioners the fullest consideration, and In reaching the conclusion above announced. In the light of information communicated to the commission and to the President since your departure, he has been Influenced by tho single consideration of duty and humanity. The President is not unmindful of the distressed financial condition of Spain, and whatever consideration the United States may show must come from its sense of generosity and benevolence.' ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS. ."Again, on Nov. 13, I instructed the commission: 'From the standpoint of indemnity both the archipelagoes Porto Rico and the Philippines are insufficient to pay our

war expenses, but, aside from this, do we not owe an obligation to the people of the Philippines which will not permit us to return them to the sovereignty of Spain? Could we Justify ourselves in such a course, or could we permit their barter to soma other power? Willing or not, we have th responsibility of duty which we cannot escape. The President cannot believe any division of the archipelago can bring us anything but embarrassment in the future. The trade and commercial tide, as well as the Indemnity for the cost of the war. are questions we might yield. They might be waived or compromised, but the questions of duty and humanity appeal to the President so strongly that he can find no appropriate answer but the one he has here marked out.' "The treaty of peace was concluded on Dec. 10, 1898. By its terms the-archlielago known as the Philippine islands was ceded by Spain to the United States. It was also provided that 'the civil rights and political status of the native inhabitants of the territories hereby ceded to the Urlted States shall be determined by the Congress Eleven days thereafter, on Dec. 21. the. following direction was given to the commander of our forces in the Philippines: The military commander of the United States is enjoined to make known to the inhabitants of the Philippine islands that, in succeeding to the sovereignty of Spain, in severing the former political relations of the Inhabitants and in establishing a new political power, the authority of tho United States is to be exerted for the securing of the persons and property of the people of the islands and for the confirmation of all their private rights and relations. It will be the duty of the commander of the forces of occupation to anmunoe and proclaim In the most public manner that we come not as invaders or conquerors, but as friends, to protect the natives In their homes, in their employments and In their personal and religious rights THE SCUL'KMAX COMMISSION. What It Wo Instructed to Do In the Philippine Inlands. "In order to facilitate the most humane, pacific and effective extension of authority throughout these Islands, and to secure, with the least possible delay, the beneflts of a wise and generous protection of Ufa and property to the inhabitants, I appointed in January, 1S99, a commission consisting of Hon. Jacob Gould Schurman, of New York; Admiral George Dewey, United States navy: Hon. Charles Dcnby. of Indiana; Trof. Dean C. Worcester, of Michigan, and Major General Elwell S. Otis, United States army. "Their Instructions contained the following: " 'In the performance of this duty the commissioners are enjoined to meet at the earliest possible day In the city of Manila and to announce by a public proclamation, their presence and the mission Intrusted to them, carefully setting forth that, while the military government already proclaimed is to be maintained and continued so long as necessity may require, efforts will be made to alleviate the burden of taxation, to establish industrial and commercial prosjerlty, and to provide for the safety of persons and of property by such means as may be found conducive to these ends. " The commissioners will endeavor, without interference with the military authorities of the United States now in control of the Philippines, to ascertain what amelioration In the condition of the Inhabitants and what Improvements In public order may be practicable, and for this purpose thy will study attentively the existing social and political state of tne various populations, particularly as regards the forms of local government, ihc administration of justice, the collection of customs nnd other taxes. the means of transportation, and the need of public improvements. They will report the results of their observations and reflections, and will recommend such executive action as may from time to time seem to then wise and useful. " Th- commissioners are h reby authorized to confer authoritatively, with any persons resident In the Islands fron whom they may believe themselves able to derive information or suggestions valuable for the punoss of their committor), or whom they may choose to employ as ients, as may bo necessary for this purpose. "It Is my deslrn that in all their relations with the Inhabitants of the llandi the rommissoners exercise duo respect for ail the Meals, customs nnd Institutions of the tribe which compose the population, emphasizing upon all oe'caslon the Just and beneficent intentions of the government of the United States. It 1 also my wish and expectation that the commissioner may be received in u manner due to tha honored and authorized rcprentntlves of the American Republic, duly commisscned on account of their knowledge, skill nnd Integrity as bearers of the good will, the protection and the richest blessing of a liberating rather than u conquering nation.' "On the tih of Ftbruarj, l$yj, the treaty was ratlfled by th'i Senate of the United States, and the Congre?: Immediately appropriated $2.uoo.OuQ to curry-Qiü.ii provisions. Tho ratification were exchan&e4