Indianapolis Journal, Volume 49, Number 270, Indianapolis, Marion County, 27 September 1899 — Page 4

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1899.

THE DAILY JOURNAL

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 27. 1800. Telephone Calls. Business Office VS$ j Editorial Rooms M "terms of subscription DAILY BY MAIL Pally only, r.n month $ " r-ailr only, three months 2.W I -ally enly. one year Iaily. including Sunlay, one year 10.o fccrday only, on? year 2.00 WHEN FURNISH EDXBY AGENTS. Tially. per week, by canier... IS ct Sunday. in;;1 ropy 5 cts Dally anJ Sunday, pr wk. by carrier.... 20 cts WEEKLY. Ter year $100 It educed listen Jn Clnbs. Subscribe with any of our numerous agenti or end subscriptions to the JOURNAL NEWSPAPER COMPANY, Indianapolis, Ind. Person sendlnj the Journal through the malls In the United Ftatcs fhould put on an elgrht-pajre pair a ONE-CENT postage stamp: on a twelve or slxteen-pajre paper a TWO-CENT postage stamp. Foreign postage Is usually double these rates. All communications lntendd for publication In this paper must, in order to receive attention, be accompanied by 'the name and address of the writer. Rejected manuscripts will not be returned un less postage is inclosed for that purpose. TUB INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL Can be found at the following places: KEW YORK Astor House. CHICAGO Palmer House. P. O. News Co., 217 Dearborn street. Great Northern Hotel and Grand Pacific Hotel. CINCINNATX-J. It. Hawley & Co.. 154 Vine street. IX) UI 8 VTLXE C. T. Deerlng. northwest corner of Third and Jefferson streets, and Louisville Book Co., 2U Fourth arenue. ST. LOUIS Union News Company, Union Depot. WASHINGTON. D. C.-IUffts House, Ebbltt House and Wlllarrt's Hotel. Admiral Dewey arrived at New York unexpectedly and surprised the people. lie did the same thing at Manila. It 13 a habit be haa. Plows are to be dearer. Any poet who undertakes at this juncture to speak for the Man with the Plow will have to use strong language. If Mr. Taggart had dreamed that the Republicans would get together In the municipal canvass he would not have been ft candidate. Mayor Taggart never did anything for a Kepiibllcan because he was a Republican, not even to retain an old soldier In an insignificant position. In advance Mayor Taggart gave notice that he needed no Republican assistance when he declared that he would continue a Democratic administration. When the Olympla anchored the hero of Manila bay doffed his cap and waved it towards shore. And the American people a are looking at you, admiral. Every man that has been added to the street gang the past two months over the average of the year has been added to secure his vote for Mr. Taggart. Admiral Dewey has the reputation of being a modest man. but It is hardly possible that he expected to slip into New York harbor without being recognized. aBSBSSBSBBBBBBSBBHBBBMBBBBBBBBaBSBSSBBBBSSSBSBSSBBBBBBBSBBBBB) The Taggartites are able to spend more money than in ' previous campaigns, and. now that the tide has turned against their ticket, they will use the dollar argument freely. If the Filipinos expect to enthuse the Agulnaldlsts In this country by their release of American prisoners they will be disappointed. To do that they should capture more. The continued success of our troops in every aggressive movement made in the Philippines Justifies a belief that they will make short work cf the Insurrection when the rainy season ends. When the President Issues another roll of honor order he will have to Include the officers and men of the Tennessee regiment who left the steamer that was about to bring them home to engage In a battle. If there was any doubt as to Admiral Dewey's politics it has been removed by his brother, who says: "He is a Republican, and always has been." This settles that Question, but li Is to be hoped he will not allow himself to be dragged Into politics. It Is related that General Sherman once expressed the hope that when he died he night go to some place where he would never again hear "Marching through Georgia." Perhaps Admiral Dewey will become equally tired of the exploitation of his achievements. When Prof. Booker T. Washington says education of the negroes will solve the race problem it is not enough to reply that education of the whites has not solved all even of those problems in which only white races are involved. Education has not yet done ' Its perfect work in any race. Anglo-Saxons have rxuch to learn. It would be strange If volunteers, whose termi have expired after being a year In the Philippines, were not anxious to come home, but this did not deter a Tennessee regiment from disembarking from a transport on which they were about to sail, to take part In a fight. The American volunteer dearly loves a scrap. There has been no more remarkable evidence of the general prosperity now prevailing than the large increase voluntarily made in the. wages of all the men employed on lake vessels. The engineers, who demanded an advance of 12 per cent., were given an advance of 20 per cent., and all others were raised 20 per cent, without any request on their part. The total number affected is about 15,000. Mr. Goebel, of Kentucky, said, when he ts nominated for Governor, that he had never j?ot anything worth having except by working for it. He probably never did any narder work than the electioneering he is doing Just now, and the prospect Is that It will prove to be work wasted. The Republican candidate, who only has to look on while the Democratic factions fight each other, is likely to walk off with the prize. There will be regret in many quarters over the inability of President Diaz, of Mexico, to visit this country. The disap pointment of Chicago will be because his absence deprives its corner-stone celebra tlon of one element of distinction of which it was preparing to boast, and therefore does not matter greatly. But the American public feels very kindly toward the Presi dent of its neighbor republic, and would be glad of a visit which could only result in furthering the friendship already existing, Vbut capable of being strengthened to the Jjeneflt of both tides. President Diaz has J don a great work In developing the natural resources and the commerce of Mexico and in promoting Internal improvements and ed

ucatlonal interests. He is a practical statesman who understands the material with which he has to deal, and makes the most of it. Conditions and people are unlike those of the United States, and the republic of which he is the head differs widely from ours, yet, doubtless, we might team of him, as he from us. At all events, a visit from him is an event to be desired, and with the sympathy extended to him because of the illness of Mme. Diaz will go the hope that circumstances will speedily come about which will permit him to renew his plans and make a tour of the United States.

Meanwhile the welcome extended to the other members of his party, who will make the trip as contemplated, will be none the less hearty. GREAT Hit IT A IX AND THE BOERS. Some weeks ago,before the controversy between Great Britain and the Transvaal reached its present acute stage, the Journal predicted it would be found that the bottom question of the whole affair was the assertion on one side and the denial on the other of England's claim of suzerainty. Even that may be a pretext for seizing the country and establishing British authority. but everything else Is even less than a pre text. The British claim of suzerainty is the gist of the whole controversy. If that is denied, no matter what else is conceded, there will be war, while if that be con ceded everything else goes with it. Technically speaking, the British claim of "suzerainty" is well founded, but the trouble Is In arriving at a satisfactory defi nition of the term. It Is both singular and unfortunate that in framing the treaty of is4 with the Boers the British authorities did not use plain English language instead of adopting a vague phraseology. This seems to have been done In accordance with dip lomatic traditions which cling to obsolete forms and which hold that words should be used to conceal ideas. The treaty seems to have been framed with a view of granting the Transvaal independence "with a string to It." They were to be Independent, yet not independent. The treaty provided that they should enjoy complete independ ence In making and administering their own laws, but the right to regulate and superIntend their relations with the native popu lation, the adjustment of frontier questions with the resident and neighboring tribes, and the control of foreign relations were distinctly reserved by the British imperial government. The treaty of 1884 expressly states: "No treaty or engagement with any state or nation other than the Orange Free State, nor any native tribes east or west shall be valid until approved by her Majesty or her successors." This condition of affairs was recognized by the foreign powers last June, when they declined to admit the Transvaal to the congress at The Hague, on the ground that the Boer republic wag subject to British suzerainty. Under the language above quoted it clearly is. That language applies only to treaties with the native tribes and foreign states and nations, but It is none the less a limita tion on Boer independence. It established a sort of protectorate, a kind of supervisory power that was retained by Great Britain under the name of suzerainty. The term could hardly have been intended to cover supervision of the suffrage question and election laws, which are clearly mat ters of Internal and domestic policy as far as the Transvaal government is concerned. Nothing could partake less of the charac ter of a foreign treaty than suffrage and election laws. But suzerainty carries other responsibilities. It carries responsibilities to foreign powers and for the protection of the lives and" property of the sub jects of such powers within the suzerainty. A recent writer on international relations says: The moment that a paramount power assumes the charge and control of the Inter national relations of a smaller state, it vir tually becomes responsible for the conduct and colicy of the latter toward other for eign nations. This responsibility is not mere ly moral, but also legal, ana tnere is no doubt that if by reason of misgovernment in the Transvaal a state of anarchy or civil war were to ensue, by which the lives and property of foreign residents were destroyed Great Britain, as controlling the relations of the Boer republic with all foreign nations. would be liable to the latter nnanciany ana otherwise for the damage done. If Ameri can property in the Transvaal is injured the United States government cannot ap peal to the Transvaal for redress, since it has no omcial relations wun me repuDiic. The power to whom It would be obliged to look In the matter would be Great Britain, precisely in the same manner as when an American citizen was subjected some ten years ago to a gross outrage at Kissinger, the State Department at Washington sought redress not from the regent or government of Bavaria, but from the Kalaer, and from the Department of Foreign Affairs at Berlin, as intrusted with the international relations of the kingdom of Bavaria. It Is by this responsibility toward foreign nations, on the part of a paramount power for a subject state, that the limitations and extent of suzerainty can be best defined. As a general rule, the term suzerainty implies absolute autonomy and absence of control In the Internal affairs of the country upon which it Is Imposed. This policy of nonintervention, however, ceases when In the opinion of the suzerain power it becomes necessary to interfere for the purpose of safeguarding its responsibilities toward foreign nations. For It is evident that where one state represents another in its external relations, and the former is consequently responsible, to loreign governments for the wrongful acts or omissions of the latter, it must be armed with the right to Intervene in the internal administration of the subordinate state, for the purpose of guarding itself against claims for indemnity on the part of foreign governments. That is why England Is fully justified In insisting that President Kruger should inaugurate a number of domestic reforms in the Transvaal which are necessary for the protection of foreign life and property there, and which have been pressed upon the British government by Germany, France and Italy, which have extensive interests in the dominions of the South African Republic. This is a technical argument and does not go to equities "of the case, but international action is not always based on equity. The real truth of the matter probably Is that the time has come when Great Britain's policy of imperialism and expansion and her interests in Africa require her to wipe out the figment of Boer Independence, which is but another name for Dutch Inertia and the keeping of several hundred thousand natives In slavery, and establish British authority on a basis that will remove all doubt of Its paramount and enduring character. From one point of view this would be a British land-grabbing scheme, but it would also be part of a broad and continu ous policy for the extension of British em pire and Anglo-Saxon civilization. rim; rim: and bossism. The two most odious things In American politics are rings and bosslm. It may be said that corruption Is as bad or worse, but corruption Is the ally of rings and bosslsm at once the cause and the effect. Cor ruption Is generally resorted to to estab llsh rings and bosslsm, and these in turn resort to corruption to maintain and per petuate themselves. It has been demonstrated Innumerable times that the long continuance of the earne party in power tends to develop rings and beget corruption. This has been dem onstrated in national, state, municipal. county and township affairs. It Is the un written law of the Nation that no Presi dent shall serve a third term and many per

sons believe a second term should be prohibited. They think the temptations for prostituting the office to secure a re-elec

tion are too great. The Governor of Indiana cannot serve two terms consecutively. The reasons against the mayor of a city serving a second term are of the same nature and quite as strong. Mayor Taggart has served a second term and Is now calling for a third. When first elected he was better known as a ring politician and bo., and the chief aim of his first administration was to strengthen himself in that line. That he ignored and violated the city charter and used the power and influence of his office to secure his reelection is a notorious fact. He has done the same during his second term, establish ing a system of ring rule and bosslsm such as the city never knew In the worst days of councllmanlc government. Such an administration cannot fail to be corrupt. Both of the administrations of Mayor Taggart have been corrupt, the first one bad and the second worse. His boards are putty In his hands, mere tools for the accomplishment of personal and partisan ends. He is the head of the ring, boss of the boards and dictator of the Council. His board of public safety connives at his violations of the charter and the law, his board of public v-orks connives at his squandering of public money for political purposes, and "his party majority in the Council does his bidding as obsequiously as if they had no responsibility to the people. Is It not about time that this era of ring rule, bos3lsm and political corruption should end? Never before in the history of the coun try has there been so much subsidiary sil ver coin or small change In circulation as at 1 resent, and never before a greater demand for or scarcity of it in buMness circles and among the people. The demand for small bills is equally great, while that for silver dollars is slight. Indeed, the latter are a drug on the market, as of 406,000,000 coined only 67,000,000 are In circulation, the balance being represented by the paper certificates Issued against them. In view of the general and growing demand for small silver currency and the Impossibility of getting the silver dollars into circulation treasury offi cials wonder why Congress authorized the coinage of 1,500,000 silver dollars every month and made no provision for Increasing the stock of fractional silver coin. The action of Congress was probably governed more by sentiment than by financial sense. At a "faith-cure" church celebration In Jersey City one man testified that he be came Insane shortly after his graduation from Princeton University and was pro nounced incurable, hut was restored to his right mind by the exercise of faith. It may be held by some that this gentleman. could never have become Insane after having been graduated from Princeton, whereas, on the other hand, skeptical persons may demand proof that he has really recovered his mind. And right along in the line of this controversy comes a magazine article by a "regular" physician asserting that no disease can be cured by faith which could not also be cured by ordinary methods. Meanwhile the patent-medicine man, taking neither part nor interest in quarrels of the schools, sells more nostrums than ever and waxes fat and prosperous. Wabash College Is to be congratulated on having secured its new president by unanimous choice of the trustees, thus giving a reasonably convincing proof that the selec tion is a wise one, and also leaving no op portunity for friction that might have fol lowed a disagreement as to the eligibility of candidates. Wabash has had its little in ternal difficulties, but they were not of a kind to seriously impair the usefulness of the institution, and are now In a fair way to be done away with. The college has a prospect of entering upon a career of renewed prosperity and activity under the management of Dr. Kane, arid of taking a more prominent and Influential position among Indiana schools than ever before. According to the British postmaster general's report, 8,500.000 letters in the United Kingdom were undelivered last year.. Either the population of England changes Its postoffice address with suspicious frequency or that country has an undue proportion of careless letter writers. Think of going to New York In Dewey week and not seeing Dewey! Yet. undoubtedly, that will be the experience of many thousands who are flocking to the metropolis from all over the country. Windows in New York come high this week, even if they are only In the second story. DIDDLES IX THE AIR. The Cornfed Fhllosopher. . "Like the lemon," said the Cornfed Philosopher, "a woman Is not so sour after a little Judicious squeezing." Says Mr. Dlnkelnplel. "Der Kaiser." said Mr. DInkelspiel, "may pe Vilhelm der Grosse, put, py chimlnently, I am Vilhelm der grocer alretty. Hein?" The Green. Of running brooks and verdant banks, The poet gaily potes; But while his notes are of green banks, His want Is green bank notes. He Had Seen It Mnde. "Won't you have a glass of this new cider?" "I never drink anything of the kind, thank you." "Ah! Teetotaller?" -"No. Vegetarian." A IIO ITT PEOPLE A!S'D THIXC.S. President Kruger maintains his domestic establishment on an allowance of $2,000 of what Is called "coffee money," out of which he also requires Mrs. Kruger to suquestrate her pin money. Prof. Lombroso has at last discovered a iran of genius whom he can acquit of the charge of Insanity. In a recent article In an Italian literary journal he speaks of Goethe as a normal, healthy and sublime poet. A five-year-old boy, of Brentwood England, has received the Royal Humane Society's diploma for jumping Into the water and saving the life of his baby brother. He is believed to be the youngest certificated life-saver on record. . Johanna Stein, teacher In a Vienna school. undertook a few weeks ago to make a trip in the pathless Save valley from Ponca to the Welssenfels lake without a guide. She lest her way and fell off a precipice tf feet high. Her body was found the next day. Professor Totten, formerly a lieutenant in tho army, but for the past few years a professional prophet of the end of the world, is out with a new prediction. He says that th infant son of the Duke of York is destined to gather the Jews frcm the four quarters of the earth and to unite them under his banner. Probably the easiest college examination on record is that recorded in the "Life of Dean Llddell." Christ Church was the resort of many "gentleman commoners," who passed on their family, not their scholastic attainments. Still, they had to be "exam ined." and one of them who had been sent to Attend a course of lectures on the at mosphere came before Osbourne Gordon for an inquiry into his very human understanding. "Wtll, Mr. said Gordon, "what

is the atmosphere composed of?" After much hesitation the man replied, "Zinc." "Thank 3ou." said Gordon, "that will do. Good morning." The return from abroad of Mrs. Howard Gould is the occasion of the commencement of a suit against her by Clifford Leigh, an actor, for $1,400. alleged to be due him as salary when she was on the stage and he was a member of her company in "The Lady of Venice." Mr. Leigh says he was engaged to support Miss Clemmons for forty-two weeks and was never paid anything. American cattle will soon meet active Russian competition In the English beef market. Russian cattle and hogs have for a long time been excluded from the British market, but as a first step toward the removal of this prejudice the Russian government has secured the appointment of a committee of expert English veterinarians who are to be taken all over the Russian cattle country at government expense to ascertain the exact condition of the ranges. Bishop Huntington, Episcopal, of Central New York, sy3 he once went to a Connecticut town to perform a marriage ceremony, arrived the day before the wedding, and left the same time the bridal pair did, although driven to a different station. In the car he found that he was the object of amused attention. The porter snickered as he passed his seat, and finally as the train drew out he came up and assisted the churchman to remove his overcoat. "What Is the matter with you, my man?" asked the bishop. The porter's snicker broadened Into a laugh. "Alnt you done lef the lady, sah?" he chuckled. "Eh?" exclaimed the bishop in surprise. Then h'.s eye fell on the side of his traveling bag. There, glued to it, was a wide strlp of white satin ribbon, on whl?h was painted in large letters: "Married this morning." The facetious minded best man had mistaken the bishop's traveling bag for that of the bridegroom's. Men of Letters. ' There was a noted LL. D., Belonging to the F. F. V.. A member of the G. O. P.. Whose son was In the U. S. V. I'd sold the son things f. o. b. I wouldn't ship 'cm c. o. d.. But sent a letter, viz.: A bill, a note, "R. S.. V. P." He hadn't paid a single sou I then decided what to do: I wrote: "I hold your I. O. U.; Will see your father p. d. q." Full quickly then this U. S. V. For fear the Irate LL D. Might dock his monthly M. O. B., Inclosed his check for twenty-three. Atlanta Journal.

THEY HEARD FR03I DAVIS, But the Plinnt Tool of the Octopnn Conspired to Suppress 111m. Memphis Commercial Appeal. When Attorney General - Jeff Davis, of Arkansas, concluded his speech before the Chicago peace conference, he went to the telegraph office and telegraphed his chief clerk or assistant in Little Rock: "Just finished speech. Audience went wild. Gave 'em hades. Watch the papers." In his speech he said the courts were legislating and usurping the functions of the legislatures, and that If ever war should come It would be the result of judge-made laws. This has been said before. He also said that if the "withering blight" of something or other should "overshadow our land" something else or otherest would happen. This was never said before. But there was an evident conspiracy among the gold-bug subsidized press of Chicago to prevent the plain people from reading what Attorney General Davis, of Arkansas, had to say, and ' the thunderbolts that he hurled In the teeth of the money devil were concealed. The speech that set the audience wild, and In which the distinguished attorney general gave 'em hades, was consigned to the waste basket, with the exception of ten lines, and the panting and feverish millions who wanted to read it watched the papers In vain. The octopus tickled himself with his tentacles until he fell into a violent fit of laughter, and the money devil curled his tall in triumphant vanity and sandpapered his horns in an ecstacy of arrogant delight. But the Joy of these monsters will be short lived. The voice that gave 'em hades in Chicago will not be still and will bs heard. No such" speech is going-to dissolve Into thin air because it possesses the elements of immortality. The chortling and cachinations of the octopus and the money devil will vet be changed into waitings and ululations, becauie the plain people will never permit the "withering blight" of anything to "overshadow our land." This land of ours, where the eagle screams defiance to the world, might permit Itself to be overshadowed by a burn or a pinch or a pain or a pale green howl; but, before it will submit to being thrown headlong into such a dense, opaque and almost palpable adumbration as the shadow of a blight, and of a withering blight at that, it would start something and make of mundane existence one perpetual rough house. The terrible meaningfullness of Attorney General Davis's metaphors should not be misunderstood, and they need no carpenter to work on them, because they are unique and stand alone, like Adam's recollection of the good thing he traded for half an apple, which he only half swallowed. There is a time coming for Attorney General Pa vis. He will yet convert a dry goods box Into a Sinai, and by the thunders of his voice cause the money devil to tremble, and by the lightnings of his intellect dispel the shadow of the menacing withering blight. He cannot fall, because from the structural elegance of his periods we see that he reads his Nashville American regularly. They Don't Like It. Philadelphia Telegraph. Of course, the weddine Dresents are nouring In upon Miss Julia Grant and naturally ievpuri is a scene m eavety. rename tne notable function of Monday next. But we believe that if a vote could be taken It would b3 found that the people do not like the idea of this marrlasre. It may be said It Is none of their business. Possibly but still they have a right to say what they line or ao not iikc And they do not like the notion of women of the house of TTlvsses s. Grant marrying foreigners. They did nut use ins nrsi instance and they do not like the second. If any family In the country should be kept wholly American it is the family of U. S. Grant. But what's the use of talking. The Veterans and Dewey. Springfield Republican. The sensitiveness of the Grand Army posts of New York relative to their place Inthe Dewey parade Is justified In at least one particular. The civil war veterans are along in years and it was too much to ask them to march five hours, from Grant's tomb to Washington square, as would have been necessary were they placed at the rear of the last column. The thoughtlessness of the committee on arrangements is somewhat surprising. The civil war veterans deserve to be placed near the head of the parade or any parade, for that matter. Art Vs. '"Full." New York Herald. In the allotment of seats on the official stands for the Dewey parade the National Sculpture Society, members of which have for two months given their time and talents to the Dewey arch, will receive 308 tickets. To the fifty-eight members of the Municipal Assembly, most of whom have done nothing but hinder the celebration. 100 tickets each, or 5.80 in all, will be given. What is art in comparison with political "pull?" Iln rsh Treatment. Cleveland Plain Dealer. "My dear, I thought they had abolished corporal punishment In the navy." "They have." "Does that apply to yachts, too?" "I suppose it does. What are you driving at?" "Why. I noticed that In a recent race off Newport one of the yachts was steered so badly that her spanker struck a buoy." Drmoorntlc Sarcamn. New York Journal. A man In New Jersey choked himself to death with roast beef. Some of our Republican contemporaries may Justly point to the fact as an evidence of prosperity. It certainly takes a man of expensive tastes to choke himself to death on beef at present prices. Accounting for It. St. Louis Republic. Maybe the Canadian Forty-eighth Highlanders aro debarred from taking part in the Dewey parade by the recollection that Dewey won his Immortal victory without having even one "kilt" in his whole outfit. The Only One. Boston Herald. The London Times is the only paper in the world that Is reporting the arguments before the Venezuelan arbitration tribunal at length. That is the way the Times lightens up its columns. The Country Still at the Front. Chicago Times-Herald. The fact that the Hon. William E. Mason Is ashamed of this country has not as yet induced the country to rneak out the back way and try to lose Itself.

IMPROVED MONEY ORDERS

NEW FORM HAS ADVANTAGES OVER TIIE OLD A SIMPLE SYSTEM. The Fofltofflce Serves, Among Other Things, as n Substitute Saving Dank Extended to Cuba. Washington Letter In New York Post. "We have now got something which comes as near to the bank check In size and shape as Is practicable," said Superintendent Metcalf, speaking of the new form of money order which made its bow to the public on Labor day. "The form of order previously In use was prescribed by law, so that we could not deviate from it till the last postal act restored to the department the discretion it formerly enjoyed. Acting on that privilege, we have adopted this new style, and shall introduce it as rapidly as the exhaustion of the old stock will permit. We could not very well begin at an earlier date, because our printing contract lasted until Sept. 3. "There has been considerable complaint from banks that our money orders were not uniform with the commercial paper they had to handle In large quantities, and its odd shape gave the tellers considerable trouble. A complaint from such source is important, because 73 per cent, of our orders are now collected through the banks. This department has practically a membership of the clearing house In eighty cities, and our orders are cleared there the same as ordinary bank paper. It took some little time to get the mercantile community used to the Idea of collecting these orders through the banks, and I remember visiting one populous city not so many years ago and seeing armed messengers go from one of the leading business houses every morning to the postoffice carrying a day's accumulation of money orders In big bags. It was a godsend to that concern to show it how to turn Its postal business into the same bank channel through which the rest of its business went. "Nobody who has not looked into it has any Idea how extensively our money orders are used not only in retail trade conducted through the mails, but in newspaper subscriptions and the like. We have now got so that we print, for very large patrons, blank application for money orders with the name and address of the patron and the name of the city postoffice or station at which the orders are to be payable. This saves time for a purchaser or subscriber, reduces the chances of error to a minimum, and enables the dealer or publisher to send out these blank applications with his advertisements, thus making a prepaid order as convenient as possible to his prospective customer. This is undoubtedly a great stimulus to trade. One religious weekly, of large circulation, for instance, used thirty-five thousand of these applications in a single day. A SAVINGS BANK. "Another very great use which has come to be made of our money orders is as a means of depositing savings.-A person who distrusts banks, or who finds It inconvenient to patronize them, will take his savings to the nearest postoffice and buy a money, order payable to himself. The difference between our system and that of the ordinary savings bank Is that the bank usually allows a depositor interest for the use of his money, while we charge him for taking care of it. The charge, however, is for an indefinite period. We have had money orders presented here which were thirty years old, and such a period as five years is not at all uncommon, although the average life of a money order Is only six days. The most aged orders are usually presented by executors or administrators of estates, having been found among the papers of the decedent. One woman who had been using the money-order system for her savings, and who had accumulated thirty orders in five years, being in need of the money lately, presented the whole thirty at once, and we gave her or warrant for the entire amount. "The growth of the monev-order system in popularity has exceeded all expectation. The increase of our business In 1S1S over 1897 was. in round numbers, $16,000,000. We have not the figures for the last quarter of 1SW, but if they maintain the ratio of the first three quarters they will show an increase of $30,000,000 over 1S93. As fast as practicable we have extended the use of the system to smaller and smaller communities, until we have now some 30,000 money-order offices. That is one, of the reasons why we have aimed at such extreme simplicity in the new style of order. Many of the offices are In small spaces, occupying, perhaps, one corner of a general store, the storekeeper being the postmaster, and he and his wife or daughter, or possibly a clerk, transacting all the business. NO CHANCE FOR ERROR. 'The chances of error here, as you will see, are large unless the system is made extremely simple. Under the old rule of filling out the advice blank in duplicate as a separate operation it was a not uncommon thing to have the amount differently written on the two slips, such a mistake as $25.42 on the order itself and $42.25 on the advice sheet being a fair sample. Other errors which crept In frequently were variations in the name of the payee and of the office of payment. Then, too, we were continually getting Into trouble with the marginal numbers. A person unused to business (methods, or to working in the midst of noise and confusion, would cut these numbers in, such a way that whereas tne written text might call for $40 the margin might call for only 40 cents. In all such cases we had to have a tiresome correspondence with the postmaster at the issuing office to straighten the accounts out. "With the new form of order, we have dispensed with this marginal nuisance. Ay a check upon fraud or mistake in handling such paper, however, it is necessary to resort to either an advice or a device. Banks use a device; we find it more practicable to use an advice. We have done away with the danger of differences between the oredr and the advice in the three essential points by having the blank advice sheet bound In under the order blank, so that by slipping a piece of carbon paper between the two we make the advice an absolute facsimile of the order Itself, as to not only subjectmatter but handwriting. On the order the amount is written in words, and then, on the same line, further to the right, in figures again. These figures are carried by the carbon into the corresponding spaces in the blank beneath, but that part of the blank is separated by a line of perforation from the receipt, which is torn off and given by the postmaster to the person who buys the order. The postmaster files the application, which, being made out by the purchaser of the order, is the only voucher retained by the Issuing office. The purchaser, on getting his receipt, is supposed to look at Its figures and see whether they tally with the amount paid by him to the postmaster. If they do not, that is his time to complain. He can compare, also, his receipt with the order Itself before sending the latter away to the payee. The whole thing seems a very complete and yet very simple system of checks and balances. BUSINESS EXTENDING. "As I have said, the simplicity of this arrangement was desirable on account of the number of small offices which now Issue money orders. The paying offices give us almost no trouble. Not less than 85 per cent, of our money orders are paid at the large offices, where experienced clerks act as tellers. A man in such a position needs about the same training as a. teller at a bank, including quickness of perception when there is any suspicious circumstance attaching to a transaction. Our losses, indeed, grow steadily smaller as we continue to improve tho system and the people and the postmasters get more and more accustomed to it. It is not intended, of course, to make this a money-making feature for the Postoffice Department, but it is of in terest to note that we derived a profit of $750,000 from the money order system last year after all expenses were paid. Our aim Is. as fast as the profits accumulate, to eive the public the benent of them In re duced rates for money orders. In this business, as in private enterprises, a large trade can be handled at less proportional expense than a small one, and It would not be surprising if in a little while we were able to reduce tne rate on iw irom m cents, now cnarced. to 20 cents. One source of our In creased business which perhaps the public cenerallv does not suspect is the extension of our system to Cuba That island is now doing a business of $sO.G0O a week In our monev orders, and this Is on the Increase. The reason doubtless is that banking facili ties between tne two countries are so ex nensive." Mr. Metcalf is an enthusiast on this sub ject, to which he has given many years of

study. It is one of his Ideals to see an International money-order system established on an even footing for all participating nations, so that we can send a money order to any part of the civilized world for the same price that we pay for a domestic one. Canada and Mexico are naturally the points at which to make a beginning with such a system. Mexico will probably have an even exchange with us by next year, and money orders will be, like letters, carried at the same rate from the United States to Mexico as from Boston to New York. With Canada there may be more difficulty, growing out of the system prevailing there of paying postmasters for the transaction of money-order businef s on the basis of a percentage on the amount of each order Issued, instead of by an arbitrary and uniform fee. as In this country. If Canada shall at any time change this system, we may be able to negotiate a convention with her similar to that concluded with Mexico. OVERCROWDED STEAMSHIPS.

Foreign Lines That Overload with Immigrants. Philadelphia Tress. The overcrowding of steamships bringing immigrants to the United States has recently brought out an important fact of interest to American travelers. Complaint was made to Mr. J. A. Dumont, supervising Inspector general of the Treasury Department, by an American who recently returned from Amsterdam that the Holland line steamship on which he returned was greatly overcrowded. According to the United States certificate of inspection posted in a prominent place on the vessel she was allowed to carry 112 cabin and 128 3teerage passengers, a total of 240. But she had on board on this trip eighty-six cabin and 550 steerage passengers, a total of more than two and a half times the number allowed by the United States laws and twice as many passengers as there were life belts. In writing on this subject the complainant said: "If the vessel had collided with an iceberg, a derelict or another vessel, and the crew and passengers had been forced to take to the boats, the horror of the situation may be imagined. Allowing that 112 life belts were in the rooms of the cabin passengers, and, therefore, inaccessible to the steerage, and that some of the remaining belts were appropriated by the crew., there would be 206 life belts to be divided among 550 steerage passengers, and it is not possible that the lifeboats and rafts were anywhere near sufficient to accommodate both passengers and crew, numbering over 700 In all." In reply to this Just complaint the supervising inspector said that "the United States certificate only covers the voyage from the United States to a foreign port, the United States Inspection laws having no force on steamers bringing passengers to this country," That is a fact American travelers will do wed to bear in mind. There are few emigrants carried on these vessels when going to foreign ports. Our laws control on such voyages, when the danger Is the least. But on the return voyage to the United States, when the steerage Is packed with immigrants from Russia and southern Europe, our laws offer no protection to passengers. Some persons might say that the remedy would be found In traveling on American ships, which are at all times subject to our laws. But. unfortunately, there are few American ships to travel cn, largely for the reason that they cannot compete with these foreign vessels, that are allowed to carry more passengers and to employ smaller crews, and the owners of which pay less wages and feed the men about as they please. United States laws not only place a proper limit on the number of passengers carried, but they require ample crews and specify as to the kind and quantity or rood to be furnished, and Impose other restrictions which make it more costly to run an American ship than a foreign one, though the safety of all on board the Amer ican vessel is better assured. There ought to be heavy fines Imposed on vessels arriving at American ports in an overcrowded condition. It is to the credit of Great Britain that she has good laws on this particular point. But the worst class of Immigrants, who for the good of this country should have the full benefit of our laws on this subject, do not as a rule come from British ports. If there Is any way for Congress to meet this evil It ought to legislate on the subject. AMERICAN LOCOMOTIVES. They Are Superior to the English Ones for Use in New Countries. The Engineers. From various parts of the world statements reach us to the effect that the comparatively roughly-made American engine is a more satisfactcry machine than its beautifully finished English or Scotch-made brother. We see no reason why such statements should be made If they are not true. We have read specifications for engines and we have made ourselves acquainted with tire practice of inspectors, and bringing our own knowledge of the facts to bear we are certain that the engines which result from the specifications and inspection are not the best adapted to the intended work. W.e do not wish to criticise Individuals, and we find it hard to state cases by way of illustration, which will not seem to press hardly on this man or that; but we may say that we can call to mind one instance in which six-wheeled engines, with rigid plate frames and a comparatively long wheel base. were set to work against American engines of a much rougher make, with four wheels coupled and a bogle. The English engines burst the road, ran off it and did such mischief that they were thrown on one side ,and the American en gines did all the work. We can call to mind another case in which two beautifully made engines, built to special design for the 5 feet 3 Inch gauge, played such havoc with a very bad road that they had to be practically rebuilt, the wheel base short ened and the axle boxes cut away to give side play before they could be used. W e have seen engines with the cylinders thrown so far forward to get a short wheel base that the engines literally Jumped themselves off a bad road and could not be ued till they were fitted with pony trucks, which the designer would not have at any price. The highest excellence of material and the utmost beauty of worKmansnip win not compensate for such defects of design. We need scarcely say that It affords us no particular pleasure to write thus. But, on the other hand, we have the best Interests cf the locomotive builders of this country at heart, and we should wholly fail in our duty if we said pleasant things and maintained that the typical English locomotive must be the best for Australia, or South America, or China, or Africa, just because it is the best for the railways of the United Kingdom. We repeat that Americans more fully understand what is wanted for railway service in a new and cheap country than we do, and that we ought not to be too proud to learn from them. The locomotive-building firms in this country are by no means numerous, and we venture to say that they have nothing to learn from Americans or any one else. But this Is not true of other people in this countryf and it is the other people who settle what the locomotive for distant lands shall be. 3IAX Y SEW CANALS PLANNED. Wnter-Ways Proponed That "Will Chance Map of the World. London Mall. Canals for irrigation and navigation are as old as the oldest civilization of which we have any knowledge, and so long, at any rate, as ships plow the seas, or until aerial navigation revolutionizes all present means of transport, canals will never become altogether obsolete, and many of them, joining as they do one twin sea to another, will always be of vital importance, particularly to maritime countries. Of the canals that have been cut, the most notable examples are the Suez canal, between the Mediterranean and the Red seas, in the old world, and the Sault Ste. Marie, between Lakes Superior and Huron, in the new. Some natural channels, such as the Caslqulare, one of several branches which unite the Orinoco with the Rio Negro, a tributary of the 'Amazon, are ready-made canals. Others, hke the Lukuga, which discharges into Lake Lanjl (an expansion of the Upper Congo) the overflow from Lake Tanganyika, are Intermittent. Of canals yet to be cut or completed, probably the most important are the Panama and the Nicaragua canals, both across the narrow neck of land which unites the two great Western continents. Of the Panama canal, which ha9 financially proved so disastrous to thousands of thrifty Frenchmen, about two-fifths are finished, and the rest will be completed doubtless by English energy and capital. The Nicaraguan canal Is, for the most part, ready made of a total length of about 170 miles. Not more than thirty miles will have to be excavated. It will extend from Greytown, at the mouth of the San Juan river, on the Atlantic side, to Brito. on the Pacific coast, and will have six locks throe at the eastern and three at the western divide. The United States has got what may be termed an exclusive option on this yet-to-be-cut interoceanic waterway, and has warned the world that its banks will be regarded as virtually a part of Ita ocean line and an extension of its frontier. A "short cut" across the Isthmus- of Krah would enable vessels to pass directly from the Indian ocean to the Gulf of Slam and the China seas, and thus save the long passage through the Straits of Malacca and round Singapore. Some enterprising American capitalists propose to cut a canal right across the narrowest part of Florida, and this, no doubt, will soon follow the completion of the Nicaragua canal. The Japanese, prompted by naval exigencies, are about to cut a eea-to-sea canal, so that their smaller vessels can pa.s quicklv from the Pacific to the Sea of Japan. and vice versa. Russia, by her new Black

sea and Baltic ship canal, will connect her naval port of Nieolaleff. in the south, wita the arsenal of LI bail, in the north, and this canal will aio, no doubt, be of considerable commercial utility. The Belgians, desirous, perhaps, of emulating our Manchester ship canal, are making both Brussels and Bruges "ports de mer." while the French have a big project In the shape of a ship canal right across France wide and deep enough for the largest battleships to pass from the Mediterranean into tne channel without running the risk of becoming targets for our monster hundred-ton guns at Gibraltar. Germany already has a waterway from the Elbe to Kiel bay, by which she can withdraw to reinforce her North sea or Baltic fleets without rounding the Skaw. Canada is now completing her magnificent canal systern so that vessel may pass from end to end of the great lakes through British waters. Chicago is making a huge drainage canal at a cost of $30,000,000. Canals, and particularly ship canals, are costly undertakings. The Suez canal cost lloo.oio.O'O, the Manchester shl; canal TO00,(. the North sea canal $J7.5oV3. the north Holland nnd the Corinth canals $13.0).Vi) each, while the partly completed Panama canal has swallowed up over $250,Still, some canals are financial successes of if one may say so the first water. The Khedive's shares in the Suez canal, purchased by the British government in 176 for I2fl.000.0ft0. are now worth over $120,000,000, and their value is Increasing. CIIIEF MA-CO-CO-3IO.

The Indian in Whose Honor Howard Connty'a Capital Was Named. "Pioneer," in Kokomo (Ind.) News. A great many of the Kokomo people, especially the younger generation and the "new comers," who have located here during the past twenty years, are laboring under a great mistake and misapprehension about the man In whom the town, now city of Kokomo, derived its name. There never was a Miami Indian chief, or a chief of any other tribe of Indians by the name of ' "Kokomo." The correct and only authenticated name of a chief of the Miami tribe of Indians was "Ma-co-co-mo. He was born of full blood Miami Indian parents, on the banks of the Mississinewa, in Grant county, Indiana, in 1779. and died on the north bank of Wildcat creek, in his tepee; of remittent fever in 1829, aged sixty years: His tepee where he was overcome with death, stood across the street, now Sou in . Main, from where the present sheriff's resl dence and county Jail now stands in thl city. The only white man who was withx Ma-co-co-mo when he passed away to th happy hunting ground was David Foster; who then kept the largest Indian trading Sost in the Wildcat valley at Burlington.-la-co-co-mo was one of Foster's principal Indian customers and a strong friendship -existed between them. I have often heard David Foster say that he venerated and thought more of Ma-co-co-mo than any Indian he ever knew. When Ma-co-co-mo died there were other tribes of Indians living on this reservation besides the Mlamis. They were the Dclawares and Pottawatomies. David Foster, assisted by a large delegation of these three tribes of Indians, buried Ma-co-co-mo. He was laid away wrapped in his three blankets, with bows and arrows, and a small brass kettle filled with cooked wild blackberries with a wooden spoon, the object of this being to feed his spirit while sojourning to the happy hunting grounds, a tradition which prevailed among the tribes. The grave of Chief Ma-co-co-mo is within fifty yards of th north bank of Wild Cat creek, and within five minute's walk of the present courthouse park. His Last resting place has never' been disturbed. In personal appearance Chief Ma-co-co-mo was a large, muscular Indian, standing six feet tall In his moccasins. He was brave and resolute, determined, with a strong will power, yet kind and docile, and very popular. David Foster said that he was the favorite chief among the Indians, and was called the "eagle eye of the Miamis." He was a great counsellor among his people, and each member of hi tribe obeyed him implicitly. In 1S41 when David Foster removed his Indian trading post from Burlington farther east on the Wild Cat, and located on the land where the present city of Kokomo is now built, he said to his wife, his faithful companion who helped him make each dollar that he earned: "Betsey, we're goln" to have a town here some day, and when that time come - I'm going to name the new town after our friend, Ma-co-co-mo. But I'll leave off the first part of his name, and we'll call her 'Co-co-mo. " Mrs. Foster assented and thought the name very appropriate for tJ?e new settlement. And so the new town when it was established was called "Cocomo." From the 17th day of May, 1S43, when David Foster finished building the first courthouse and the first jail and turned them over to Howard county as Its property up to 1KS3.the name of the town was always spelled Cocomo. In the month of June, 1S3. Hon. Rufus King, President Franklin Pierce's- - postmaster general, changed the manner in spelling the name of the town in the dating stamps of the postolfice, ordered by Al-4 fred Plough, who was then postmaster,' from Cocomo to Kokomo, since which time the letter "k" has been substituted in place of the letter "c." OOM PAUL AT THE RAAD. The Axed President Still the Greatest of Boer Orators. Toronto Globe. The chief aim of the visitor to Pretoria is to obtain a glimpse of President Kruger, and daily between the presidency and the Raad numerous spectators await the coming of the gaudy looking state coach In whicn his Honor is conveyed about the city. It was my good fortune not only to see President Kruger seated in his favorite chair on the "stoep'' of the presidency, but also to see him and hear him speaK in the first chamber ol his beloved Volksraad. Shortly before the opening of the Raad the state coach, conveying the President and well guarded by outriders of Boer cavalry, drove smartly up to the entrance of the building. The soldiers on duty about the place stood at attention aud Paul Kruger descended heavily from the carriage and entered the Raad. A tremendous big man and active in his duty, he is now showing very plainly the weight of his great years and Is a sai-low-coraplexioned, white-haired and unhandsome looking old man. The Raad opened without any visible ceremony and the order of the day was proceeded with. The amended franchise liw was the subject under consideration, end It was not ditficult to see there was a great deal of very strong feeling on the matter. Knowledge of the Dutch language was not necessary to, follow the increasing excitement and passion of each succeeding speaker as the debate proceeded. Stoffet Tosen, the most compromising of the retrogressives. had spoken in a violent and defiant strain, and Interruptions were numerous and not particularly courteous, when President Kruger thumped his mighty hand on the? desk in front of him, and, rising, commenced to speak. Immediately there was silence. The appearance of the President when speaking Is most animated, and he is certainly the disciple of gesture. There are vigor end authority and the certainty of acceptance of his arguments shown in every word uttered by him in the Volksraad. Increasing age has taken from him much of the old-time energy of his style of speaking, but he is still the strong, masterful and domineering orator of the Boers. In a ten-minute speech, which the reporters must have had diffi- . culty In following, he silenced or swept away all position, and the next clause of tho fran law was proceeded with. He then san ick, apparently exhausted. In his great .air. It was in a sense a pathetic sigh., that of the old President sitting in a crouching attitude in his chair, his hearing falling, his sight almost gone, heavily spectacled, with hands to ears, following with difficulty but with great attention the proceedings in the chamber. Not Really a Had Man. Philadelphia Press. Mr. Edward Atkinson, of Boston, must chuckle greatly to himself over hU success In getting the Associated Press to circulate at its own expense his vagaries on the Philippine queEtlon. There Is probably not a man in the country more fond of newspaper notoriety than is Mr. Atkinson. He is by no means the traitor at heart that his utterances on the Philippine question would Indicate. While he pubdicly expresses sentiments that indicate a hope that Agulnaldo will kill oft the American soldiers in the Phlllpplneti, and says things more traitorous than anything ever uttered by Benedict Arnold, yet he Is not really so anxious to see so many more widows and orphans in the United States and so much suffering as his writings Indicate. In fact. he is a very harmless old man. who was never more happy than when the newspapers were talking about his Invention of the "Aladdin cooker" and his efforts to show "the reckless extravagance" of American workmen, who. he declared, could live well on 10 cents a day. providing they would purchase and use the "Aladdin cooker." The great misfortune In regard to his treasonable utterance- Is that the Associated Press gives thorn so much publicity, and that so few persons know the old gentleman's characteristics. If the Associated Press were to drop him. Atkinson's vanity would suffer such a blow as to endanger his health. One Thins: He Must Accept. Philadelphia Record. Not quite $LN.e of the XV).000 has been raised to buy the Dewey house In Washingten. Thi Is by no means an Indication of any decline in the great popularity of the hero of Manila. In the first place, he dve-s not need the house, and In the next there is a widespread Impression that he would not accept It. But be cannot refuse to accept, on the other hand, the spontaneous demonstrations of the gratitude and admiration of his countrymen.