Indianapolis Journal, Volume 49, Number 249, Indianapolis, Marion County, 6 September 1899 — Page 4

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1899.

THE DAILY JOURNAL

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 6. 1809. Telephone Calls. Business O.Tae 2CS Editorial Booms S6 TERMS OP SUBSCRIPTION. DAILY BY MAIL. Tal!y only. one month $ .70 Daily only, three Tnonths Tally only, one, year -00 Dally. Includlnc Sunday, one year 10.00 Bur day only, one year 2.00 WHEN FURNISHED BY AGENTS. Daily, per wfck, hy carrier . IS cts Sunday, sinzle copy 6 eta Dally and Sunday, per week, hj carrier.... 20 cts WEEKLY. Per year 11-00 Reduced nates to Club. Fubscribe with any of our numerous agent or ffnd subscriptions to the JOURNAL NEWSPAPER COMPANY. Indianapolis Ind. Terpen sendlnr the Journal through the mailt In the United fict. snould put on an elht-pae paper a ONE CfiN'T postage stamp: on a twelve or sixteen-page paper a TWO-CENT pta K stamp. Foreign postag is usually double these rates. All communications Intended for publication In this paper must. In order to recelre attention, be accompanied by the name and address of the writer. Rejected manuscripts will not be returned unless postage is inclotted for that purpose. THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL. Can be found at the following places: NEW YORK Astor House. CHICAGO Ftlmer House. P. O. News Co.. 217 Jjearborn street. Great Northern Hotel and Grand Tarinc Hotel. CINCINNATI J. R. Ilawley & Co., VA Vine street. LOUISVILLE C. T. Peering, northwest corner cf Third and Jefferson streets, and Louisville Hook Co.. ZLl Fourth avenue. bi. xjuuia union News company, union .uepoi. WASHINGTON. D. C.-Rlggs House, Ebbltt House and WUIard'a Hotel. ;.tkm Paul Kruger may not be a trained diplomatist, but he seems to be a match for those who are. If the sllverltes should be able to get life into 16 to 1 hereafter. It would be something akin to the raisins -of the dead. The conviction "that Mr. Bookwalter will be elected Is spreading among the older and core conservative Republicans. In seventeen years the mineral output of the United States has doubled in value, the figures being $700,000,0j0 for the last fiscal year. The Taggartites who have been counting on Republican dissatisfaction are finding it difficult to trace it to an extent that will help the Taggart ticket. Indianapolis should not have another "me too" Council. It should be composed of men with sufficient Judgment and intelligence to act without consulting the mayor ence In a while. Congressman. Grosvenor, of Ohio, who has Just returned from a stay of some months in Europe, says: "Over there the most Intelligent people laugh and scoff at the Idea of our abandoning the Philippines." It will do for Representative Lentz, of the Columbus (O.) district, to go to the East to pose as a statesman, but the Democratic paper In his own city has posted him as a traitor to his section, because he deserted Colonel Kllbourne for McLean. The Democratic Atlanta Constitution esks: "Who would be so craven aa to give the poltroon advice to retire under fire, bushwhacked by enemies in the rear, at home or abroad?" A few Democratic papers and orators have been so craven. An unfortunate result of the war excitement In the Transvaal is that It is already reducing the output of gold in the best producing mines in the world. But if there should be war It cannot last a long time. There is reason to hope that war may be prevented. A dispatch from Rio Je Janeiro says notice has been received there from Berlin that the Duke of Saxe has sold to the German government lands in Santa Catharine province, Brazil, estimated at over 1,000 square leagues. The lands are probably part of a concession made by the Brazilian government to the Duke pf Saxe. Concessions to Individuals are not uncommon, but how will Brazil relish the idea of the German government becoming the owner of so large a tract of Brazilian territory? It was a bold move on the part of M.x Iaborl to demand the summoning of foreign witnesses to testify in the Dreyfus case. Perhaps the court had no authority to summon foreigners, as it could not compel their attendance, but refusal to do bo will be construed as prejudice against the defendanL The representatives of foreign government could easily clear Dreyfus if they wished to, but the case Is so full of international dynamite that they are probably afraid to appear in the matter. t A Lowell (Mass.) paper prints a letter from a citizen of that place who recently dined with Admiral Dewey on the Olympia. lie said he could not disclose what was said at a private party, but he felt at liberty to say that Admiral Dewey never said that our next war would be with Germany. "lie said that if the next war was with Germany it would be started by the Germans, not by the Americans. And he does not believe that there will be any such a war." No doubt this is the admiral's version of the fctory. . Two Incidents occurred in connection with the celehratlon of Labor day In this State that probably w.ere not paralleled anywhere else. At Craw fordsv llle Governor Mount, the orator of the day, woro a labor badge to indicate that he had risen from the ranks of a farm laborer, and at South Bend two prominent citizens, the Studebaker brothers, appeared on a float in worklngmen's garb, one at the forge and the other at the bench. There U a double lesson in these Incidents. They typify the best influence of Labor day in that they speak for the true dignity of labor and are a splendid tribute to the republican Institutions under which any man by well-directed effort may rise from the ranks of a wage-earner to high office or to the position of a capitalist and employer. Again, like thousands of similar cases, they disprove the favorite assertion of pessimists and demagogues that laboring men are handicapped by special disabilities to keep them down, while the rich are growing richer and the poor are growing poorer. No more in teres tic J story has appeared In connection with the Dreyfus affair than the remarkable. statement of Charles EX Benthelm, of Atlanta, Ga. An American by birth, Mr. Benthelm claims to have spent many years In Europe, and to have served a a translator of documents In the German Foreign Office, where he learned a good deal of the operations of the secret service department. Ills statement discloses a ysten cf cpyins that may be all right according to ti European standard, but r:L!c! 13 very resell at to bonast minds. It

carries much internal evidence of truthfulness. Among other things he says that one Alvln Florschutz, a bank director of Sonneberg and United States vice consul there, was in the spying business for the German government, and frequently used the official Utter heads and envelopes of the consulate for the transmission of document. The official record of the United States civil service shows that Alvin Florschutz la the consular officer of the United States at Sonneberg. and has been for some years past. At small places like Sonneberg, where no salary attaches to the office, the United States sometimes appoints a foreigner as a consular officer. In thia case. Mr. Benthelm says Florschutz was recommended for appointment by the German government. If he is using the official letter heads and penalty envelopes of the United States consulate to carry on the spy business, the United States government ought to know it. WHAT 3IIGIIT HAVE BEEN.

It is sometimes well to consider what is in the light of what might have been. At present the opponents of the administration are unsparing in their condemnation of the situation In the Philippines. They see nothing to commend In the motives or acts of the President or of any person who has contributed to bringing about the present situation, except in those of Agulnaldo and his followers. Their condemnation of the present situation implies condemnation of all the acts that have led to it on the American side. Of these the most important and decisive were the battle of Manila bay and the treaty of peace. These were the two turning points In the series of events that have culminated In the present situation. They were the two points at which an entirely different situation from the present one might have been created by the adoption of a different policy from that which was adopted. Let us suppose, them, that immediately after the destruction of the Spanish fleet in Manila harbor Admiral Dewey had put to sea and sailed for an American port. lie had no orders to do so, and the act might have been construed as a violation of orders, but It would have changed the course of history. It would have left the Philippines under Spanish control, with the hopeless insurrection of Agulnaldo in progress, and, of course, without any ground whatever for the United States to claim the Islands as a war Indemnity. We should have escaped the present war, but the Filipinos would. In all probability, ailll be fighting the Spaniards. If that were the situation the Democratic party would now be charging the administration with imbecility and cowardice in having failed to take advan tage of a golden opportunity to drive the Spaniards out of the Philippines and to acquire tho islands. They would be saying it was cowardly to desert the Filipinos and leave them to the tender mercies of the Spaniards, and that a war begun for humanity should not have neglected so grand an opportunity of advancing the cause of humanity. They would be pointing out the strategic and commercial value of the Philippines and deploring their loss through the stupidity and cowardice of an administration which permitted our victorious ships to run away from a sunken fleet. There was another time when we could have got out of the Philippine business. Assuming that while the war with Spain continued it was good military tactics to hold the city and bay of Manila and to dominate the islands as a means of forcing Spain to terms, when the treaty of peace came to be formed we could have got out and washed our hands of the whole business. Suppose we had done so. Suppose that, Instead of demanding tho cession of the islands, as we did of Porto Rico, the United States had surrendered all the advantages it had gained there and left the islands In the possession of Spain. They would immediately have been snapped up by Germany or some other European power, and In addition to imbecility and cowardice the Democratic party .would be charging the administration with having played into the hands of a foreign power. The only alternative to the present situation in which the United States Is enforcing Its rights in the Philippines is one of the two situations above described, which might have been had by abandoning its rights. Either of them would give the Democratic party far better ground for attacking the administration than it now has. The situation that exists is far preferable to what might have been. CONCERNING TUB JEWS. Mark Twain contributes to Harper's Magazine an entertaining article about the Jews. It was written while he was In Vienna and has relation rather to the Jews of Europe than to the race in this country, but his remarks have, to some extent, a general application. It is a serious paper, though the writer's tendency to humor leads him now and then to facetlousness. He has some doubts as to the correctness of the figures in the Encyclopedia Britannlca on the subject of population, and says: "When I read In the C. B. (some ten or twelve years ago) that the Jewish population of the United States was 250,000 I wrote to the editor and explained to him that I was personally acquainted with more Jews than that in my country, and that his figures were without doubt a misprint for 50.000,000. I also added that I was personally acquainted with that many there; but that was only to raise his confidence In me, for it was not true." Twain undertakes his article in order to answer some questions put to him by a Jew as to the cause of the persecution of the race, the chances of the continuance of the prejudice, means of doing away with it, etc His idea is that the prejudice is no longer of a religious character, whatever it may have been once. The world's attitude toward this race began before the crucifixion and exists now because the Jew excels as a money getter and in many countries Is an obstruction to less capable neighbors who are on the same quest. On the store of this race prejudice and trade he thinks the dislike and the persecution will never cease; not that the Jew will be robbed and raided, save In the more barbarous parts of the world, but that he will be avoided. Inasmuch as the race Is so amazingly prosperous and :s so comfortably situated in the high civilizations, he does not see that the prejudice is any particular matter. By his own ways and excluslveness the Jew makes himself more or less of a stranger to those around him, and this alone is a barrier to friendship. How nearly Mark Twain is right in his views is a mAtter of individual opinion. - He has at least the merit of frankness and an entire absence of prejudice. But. how ever clearly he may see some things, ho falls to see others In the right light. He considers the Jews, for instance, purely as members of s race, not as people having t ny national feeling or characteristics. He criticises them for not taking part 1a noli-

tlcs as a body, forgetting entirely that they may be acting as citizens of their respective countries, and putting this citizenship before race interests. That they are actuated by the same patriotic motives that govern other citizens is shown by the current history of any country. They take part in public affairs when they are permitted, but are by no means always upon the same side. They enter the armies in their respective countries, they participate in every progressive movement; they rejoice each in his own national advancement and prosperity, not as members of a race, but as natives and lovers of their country. Even in countries where they are persecuted they have doubtless an affection for their native land that they can have tor no other. They consider themselves Germans, or Frenchmen, or Englishmen, as the case may be, as well as Jews, but gentiles persistently regard them only as Jews and aliens. Dreyfus plteously proclaims himself a Frenchman, but he is denied the rights of a citizen. That they have not concentrated and organized for race advantage is in Itself a proof of the genuineness of their patriotic feeling; also, it may be said, cf their political wisdom. To thus organize would be to create prejudice and opposition where they do not exist, and to strengthen them where they are already felt. In America Jews are among the best citizens; they are active in educational work, they are to be counted on the side of the government in political emergencies, they are marvels of Industry and thrift, they take their own part of the burdens of the community. They are, In short, good Americans, and are so considered, and are not classed according to race. They have no occasion for organization here, for they have all the rights and privileges enjoyed by any citizens. v GOVERNOR 31 OL. NT'S LABOR DAY ADDRESS.

It is safe to say that no address delivered on Labor day dealt more intelligently with the topics treated or better deserves wide reading than that of Governor Mount at Crawfordsvllle. The subject is one on which the Governor is entitled to speak, both because of his personaal relation to it and because he has given it much thought. His address showed genuine sympathy with the cause of labor and laboring men without a particle of demagoglsm, and the fairness with which he stated the relative rights and duties of labor and capital was unusual and admirable. Organized laborers can find in it much to encourage every legitimate effort to better their condition and secure just treatment, but not a word in justification of methods that tend to promote discord between employers and employes or to interfere with the personal rights of others. The strike, the lockout and the boycott were alike condemned as a species of economic war, and the point was enforced that "men in all the walks of life must learn that others have rights to be respected." Enlarging on this point, he said: Each individual has a right to freedom of choice and action so long as he does not impinge on the rights 01 others. No individual or organization has a right to forcibly disturb the amicable relationship that exists between any other individuals in their capacity as employers and employes. The keen sense ot fairness and justice that actuates the American citizen will not long tolerate any Infraction of the rights that belong to every citizen of our country. We must all, sooner or later, learn that our rights end where the rights of others begin. The Governor presented some Interesting facts regarding strikes and arbitration as a means of settling labor controversies. The tables presented by him showed that in thirteen years, from 1SS1 to 1891, there occurred in the United States 14,390 strikes, involving 69,167 establishments and throwing out of employment for a greater or less length of time 3,714,406 employes. These strikes cost employers in the loss of business $S2.590.SS6, employes in loss of wages $163,807,SC6 and in assistance extended to strikers $10,914,400, making a total of $207.312,658. This enormous loss to the industrial interests of the country is the more to be regretted because it might have been largely avoided bf resort to peaceable methods of settlement. Referring to the work of the labor commissioners in this State in the way of settling labor troubles by arbitration, the Governor quoted from their report: The commissioners have. In a little more than eighteen months, investigated thirtynine strikes and lockouts. Tney failed in but seven Instances to adjust aiffejences, and in two of these one party to the contests was nonresident, over whom the commissioners had no jurisdiction. In four of the cases the commission Investigated and reported the conditions of settlement. In twenty-eight contests satisfactory agreements were secured through the mediation of the commission, and In nineteen of these settlements the worklngmen secured either an advance In wages or other improved conditions. The commission was also instrumental in having two boycotts declared off, and in five instances prevented strikes through timely mediation. So favorable has been the impression of this peaceable adjustment on both employers and employes that frequent expression has been made to the eftect that the services of this commission be invoked before allowing a strike to be Inaugurated. Through the efforts of the commission 13,813 strikers have been put to work. Thus It is manifest that hundreds of thousands of dollars have been saved to capital and labor within our borders, the peace and dignity of the State preserved, serious conflicts between employers and employes averted and safety to life and property secured. The contrast betveen this statement and the figures dialing to strikes is the strongest possible argument in favor of arbitration. The Governor concluded his address with a statement, evidently sincere, of hb intention at the end of his gubernatorial term to retire from politics and return to his farm home, "there to dwell until life's busy toils are over." In this retirement the Governor will carry with him the respect and esteem of every citizen of Indiana who appreciates honest, intelligent and courageous efforts on the part of a public official to promote the public welfare. A TROUBLESOME QUESTION. The matter of civil pensions for government employes In Washington Is renewed In the report of the commissioner of pensions. He and other heads of bureaus and departments find a considerable number of persons drawing salaries who, from age or other disabilities, cannot do the work required of them. The commissioner does not predent a new plan, but suggests that a percentage of the compensation of all clerks and employes be received as a fund to pay those who are put on the retired list a portion of the salary they received when In active service. It is not generally understood how many persons are drawing salaries In the departments who are not capable of work which they should do. The head of one large bureau Informed the committee of Congress . that he could perform the work of the bureau better if one hundred persons could be discharged. His appropriation was reduced and he began discharging clerks. Since that time h has led a miser

able life for the reason that these wcnout and otherwise Inefficient men and women whom he discharged were able to bring influence upon congressmen which led them to demand the restoration of the Incompetents. It may seem strange, but It Is never- ' theless a fact that an incompetent person can often bring more influence to bear upon senators and representatives than can per- , sons who are entirely competent. The result has been that the head of the bureau alluded to has been compelled to discharge fairly competent clerks to make room on the pay roll for men and women who can render no service. These persons were appointed in the first place through the influence of prominent men simply to get Incompetents out of the way. This was quite the custom before the passage of the clvilservlce law. Now such persons cannot get Into the departments and those who are past middle life cannot get Into the classified service. In matters of minor consequence there is no more serious problem than that of the disposition of clerks who have become incapacitated by age or illness. The civil-service rule make no provision by which they can be got rid of. They have saved nothing and would become objects of public or private charity if dismissed. If Congress could adopt some plan for creating a fund by withholding a certain per cent, of the salaries of all clerks for the support of those incapacitated by age It would be well, but if that cannot be done it could limit the terms of all employes to eight years, without opportunity for reappointment unless they had made their services so valuable that it would be to the advantage of the government to retain them. What is to prevent testing the ability of Cubans for self-government by leaving to them the decision as to what the United States should do with regard to them? Why not let them decide whether or not they desire longer the services of this country by popular vote? Elkhart Review. The question would be pertinent later on, but the time has not come yet for a popular election in Cuba on any question. There must first be an enumeration of the population and a settlement of the basis of suffrage. Besides, the treaty of peace gives all native-born Spaniards in Cuba one year from the date of its ratification in which to decide whether they will renounce or preserve their allegiance to Spain. The treaty was ratified April 11, 1S09, and the year of grace accorded the Spaniards will expire next April 11. As there are several thousands of them In Cuba, It would not be fair to order a popular election on any question until that period has expired. Colonial Dames and Dames. The Society of Colonial Dames is understood by those who have casually taken heed of Its existence to be a very exclusive organization. In fact, the members take pains to convey that impression by laying stress on the difficulty of securing admission. The applicant must be a direct descendant In her own person and not through her husband, of some man who, either as officer or statesman in colonial service, or as founder of a town, had a distinction above the common herd. Even then, when the record Is made clear beyond all doubt, the acceptance of the candidate may depend upon the views of the local chapter as to her social status and eligibility apart from her pedigree. For, alas! it may happen that the descendants of a distinguished man are not all that could be desired as associates , for the elect. A straight ancestral line does not always save them; they may be degenerate shoots from a noble parent stem, and so to be guarded against. The great-great-granddaughter of a colonial Governor -may be. "taking in" washing, or tbe lineal descendant of a Puritan Judge, who sentenced witches, be doing a song and dance in a ten-twenty-thirty hall of festivity; and everybody who knows anything at all about Colonial Dames knowa that these women, however Irreproachable they may be. Individually, are not the persons most ladles of pedigree expect to meet when they enter the society. With this knowledge in mind, the founders of the original society made the gate of entrance narrow, and guarded it with care. Hence it was that the lucky ones whose pedigree and personal standing were all that they should be, and who entered the barred gate, rejoiced with aristocratic joy and were the envy of other women whose desire it invariably Is to break into every exclusive circle. But there were more ways than one to become Colonial Dames. Women who could not enter, the parent society by reason, perhaps, of a slight flaw in pedigree could organize a society of their own, whose doors should be a trifle wider. Under this plan the Colonial , Dames of the State of New York and the National Society of Colonial Dames of America came Into existence. The first society did not approve of the proceeding. It took away from their own distinction and air of excluslveness, for a careless outside public would never distinguish among them any more than it understands the mysteries of a "federation of clubs" or a "national council." Therefore the Colonial Dames of America brought suit against the too presumptuous imitators, asking that they be enjoined against using the name. The court, after due deliberation, has decided in favor of the defendants and that they have a right to use the name. Naturally, It follows that other women with ambitions and pedigrees may establish rules to fit their respective cases and also call themselves Colonial Dames. It is a title no longer signifying excluslveness. To be a colonial dame Is no longer a badge of aristocracy. Judge Bookstaver had no sympathy with aristocratic aspirations. 'Twas ever thus. There is no chance in America to get upon a pinnacle and shut the multitude out. William Waldorf Astor could not do it; the dames cannot do it. To have had an ancestor in the Mayflower does not involve the possession of a higher patriotism or a better standing than to have "come over" after the revolution or after our civil war, or to have arrived in time to enlist for the war in the Philippines. Democracy and excluslveness do not belong together. Londoners are complaining terribly of the heat, which has been up to 90 In the middle of the day a good many times this summer. They seem to consider It no mitigation of their misery that the mercury drops to GO degrees and below In the night. Under these circumstances Americans whose nights are but little less tropical than the days will be slow to admit that Englishmen have anything to complain of. The only way In which Americans can endure it Is by reflecting that without hot nights there would be no corn crop, and without a corn crop there would be Populism. However, now that corn is out of danger of frost a fall In the temperature would seem timely. Neither humanity ror corn really needs 99 In the shade In September. A writer In -Harper's Weekly has run across tho word "rig" in a New York newspaper of good repute fcr its English, the usage being "Runaway Smashes Three Rigs." The Weekly man Is puzzled, and asks: "Whatever is a Tig?' Is it a horse and wagon, or simply a wagon? If the latter, is it any particular sort of wagon? Is a cab a rig. with or wltnout the horse? Is a bicycle a rig? 13 an automobile, or a street car, or a locomotive engine, or a traction engine, or a perambulator a rig?" He admits that It Is not a new or uncommon word, but thinks its meaning ought to be defined If It Is to be accepted as a reputabl oari of tha American lanemaa. and

adds, "If it merely means a wagon, let us stick to a wagon." But It does not merely mean a wagon, as this writer would know If he had the familiarity with the speech of his country that an American should have. A "rig." as the word Is commonly used, means a vehicle of any cort more often a buggy or carriage, perhaps, but If not then a wagon, a cart or any conveyance to which a horse is hitched. It Is a general, not a specific term, and Is a very good word In its place. One of these places happened to be a New York paper whose headline writer needed a descriptive word of three letters. Harper's editor should rt out and circulate among the country boys If he wants to find out the wide applicability of "rig." The town of Rising Sun, Ind., claims to have as a citizen the only person in the United States who is a whole corporation. In 1SC2 a company was formed under the name of the Rising Sun, Aurora and Lawrenceburg Telegraph Company. The line was built and In 1S72 it was purchased by J. T. Whltlock, of Rising Sun, who has since been day and night operator, lineman, president, board of directors and general manager. It is a clear case of an individual being the whole thing. To be indorsed and supported by Altgeld,

the Anarchists' protector, would be regarded as a "Jonah" by anyone less egotistic and deluded than William J. Bryan. However, that gentleman appears surprised and pleased to learn of the indorsement of any one. With a prospect of 2,500,000.000 bushels of corn in this country this fall and more workmen wanted than can be obtained, the Democrats are wise In steering clear of the prosperity issue in their platforms. HUDDLES IN THE AIR. More Information. Tommy Paw, what Is a degenerate? Mr. Figg A degenerate is a lawbreaker who doesn't get rich at It. A Disappointment. First Politician Your candidate is running on his money, ain't he? Second Politician No ; holding on. The Cornfed Philosopher. "Some men," said the Cornfed Philosopher, "think they have no religion, and other men think they have all there is." Sporting News. "No, I don't know much about wrestling," said the gentleman with the high C shirt, "but it's come to my notice that the head spin nearly always comes when you wrestle old Billy Booze." THE STATE PRESS. No, the protection policy of the Republican party has not ruined the country yet. Kendallville Standard. The political opponents of good times and business prosperity are still in a chaotic condition as to the future programme. Falrmount News. Edward Atkinson is quoted as saying that the contending forces In the Philippines are blood and righteousness. Which is Agulnaldo? Terre Haute Express. The prophecy that good times would follow the election of William McKinley and the passage of a protective tariff has been more than realized. Fort Wayne News. The tariff can no longer be made the all absorbing Issue of a political campaign, because the benefits of protection are so universally recognized that Its most persistent enemies have no longer the courage to assail it. Huntington Herald. There is but one thing that the United States can do and maintain its honor and the respect of the nations of the earth, and that is to put down the Philippine rebellion and do it with as little delay as possible, and then to set up upon the ruins of anarchy a just and firm government. Middletown News. The primary object of common schools is good citizenship. It is a great mistake to teach the boy that education means to elevate the man above common pursuits of life. In other words, that the educated man must follow some literary, scientific or professional calling. We need education on the farm, in the workshop, in the store, in our homes, in the kitchen and In all our home work. Bloomfleld News. Senator Albert J. Beveridge's refusal to be Interviewed regarding his observations on his recent trip to China, Japan and the Philippines demonstrates his shrewdness and ability to successfully avoid being enticed into expressing his opinions upon any and all subjects at the invitation of overzeafoua reporters. When the proper time comes Senator Beverldge will talk and the whole country will know it. Muncie News. Mr. Bryan's idea of suppressing trusts is to permit nc corporation to operate in any State other than that in which it is incorporated except under a license issued by federal authority under such restrictions as would make monopoly impossible. Yet Mr. Bryan poses as the champion of the Democratic party, which holds the doctrine of state rights as one of its most sacred principles. This would be a bold step in the direction of substituting national for state authority. Evansville Journal. The Republican party will not shrink from the faithful discharge of the new duties that we owe to the civilized world, and especially to the Filipinos themselves. Those duties were not of our seeking; they came as the culmination of events which human agencies could not control or direct. The United States would have gladly escaped these responsibilities had such been possible, but recognizing that we cannot honorably retreat, we will carry the matter to a successful conclusion. Greensburg Review. Let it be borne in mind by the taxpayers and people generally that the meetings of the township advisory boards and county councils are open to the public. The purpose of the reform laws is to give as much publicity as possible to all public acts and to get the public business as close as possible to the people. Any taxpayer has a right to be heard as to any matter of public expenditure, and it Is his privilege to be present and give his opinion on any subject. We believe it would be good policy for many Euch persons to be present at these meetings. Noblesville Ledger. A good deal of complaint was heard this morning on the schoolbook question, parents and others supplying children with books being compelled to go deep into the pocket for the necessary funds if the family happen to have a number of children or the children happen to be in the upper grades. The exchange value of last year's books is very small, and as there is a complete change in the series of five or more of the text-books used, last year's books could not be "handed down" to the next below in grade, consequently an unusual hardship is exacted of school patrons. The uniform schoolbook law passed in 1889 is the reason for all trouble. The books adopted the first year under the lav? were not at all satisfactory and a change was made five years thereafter in part of them. Others are changed this year, hence the kick. The fault is not with the locsil management of the schools, as throughout the State the same trouble is being experienced. The change In text-books is made by order of the State School Board or Board of Education and under the provisions of the act of the Legislature of 1S&9. Columbus Republican. Never Mind the Grammar, Philadelphia Record (Dem.) A Lancaster correspondent writes t- The Record criticising the drjidfuhy defective construction of the President's Oeein Grove and Pittsburg speeches. Perhaps Mr. McKinley was mlsreported. However. It Is a fact that the President Is most satisfactory In his patriotic declarations where he is most tangled in his manmr ff niec":i. The people, nevertheless, understonl what l.c means, and they will back him up In 1 ;s compulsive programme: "Poace first, then, with charity for all, establish the government of law, and order, :mt--:tI:ig life end property, and ocupatlon for the well beir..? of the people who will participate in it under the stars and stripes." They will leave to the historians any .i.edHl jrrectlon of his grammer. The Place for Mile. Philadelphia Record. Miles Is the man fcr the Philippines. General Otis has had his fling only to And himself flung. Miles Is big enough to grasp the Luzon situation. He would wind up the war quickly, and, therefore, humanely. Miles Is the major general commanding the Unt'.ed States army, and, as his place is at Manila, to Manila he should go.

TOM L. JOHNSON'S START

HOW Tnn STREET-CAR MAGNATE REGAN TO MAKE MONEY. A Wise Hend That Saw Fortunes In Trolley Lines, and Got Them fiat for llliuaelf and Friend. Louisville Letter In St. Louis Globe-Democrat. The prosperity which has visited every part of the country Is testified by the great increases In the earnings of the street railways. From New York to New Orleans and from San Francisco to Boston there is the same story of gains' over last year and all other years. In some cases the increases amount to over 100 per cent. The July net earnings of the Columbus, O., railway showed a gain of 119 per cent. For the seven months of the year Just ended the road made net earnings sufficient to pay 4 per cent, upon the $3,000,000 of stock, and if the remaining five months keep up at the rate of June and July another 4 per cent. will be earned. Last year the Louisville City Railway earned Just $62,000 more than in 1897, and in the seven months of this year the receipts have exceeded those of the same period of last year by $79,000, which alone is over 4 per cent, upon the common stock. The New Orleans City Railway gained $10,000 in July. It was a favorable saying of the late A. V. Dupont, of this city, one of the earliest and shrewdest of the operators, who made Immense sums by buying up roads and equipping them with electric power, that the street . ill ways were the first to feel the effects ti a panic and never showed recovery until the working classes got fully employed. The working people are the chief patrons of the street-car lines. When employment is plenty and wages good they take a street car to and from their work, even if they have to go only a short distance. Their families travel about the city to shop and visit and see the sights. But when work falls off and the laboring man has to save, his street-car fare is the first item of retrenchment. His family stay at home and go nowhere that they cannot walk. The jingling of the nickels in the fare boxes becomes intermittent instead of a constant rattle, and street-car stocks cease to be the favorites of local cpeculators. BEGAN AS OFFICE BOY. Particular Interest is taken in street railways In Louisville, for the reason that this was the early home of Tom and Albert Johnson, the Du Ponts, J. B. Speed, H. H. Littell and others, who early recognized the enormous earning powers of the city lines, and were the first to avail themselves of the opportunities for profit opened up by the employment of electricity Instead of animals as motive power. Tom Johnson made his start in the world as an office boy in the old Central Passenger railway office, and he was taught all he knew by A. V. Du Pont, who was his employer. Tom Johnson has made his millions out of franchises since then, but the Du Ponts, J. B. Speed, Hardin Littell and others here have been associated with him In most of his enterprises. All have made fortunes. Their operations have been on nothing like the scale of the big Widener-Whitney-Elkins syndicate of to-day, but they started earlier and were remarkably successful. These men laid their plans, and, buying out the old companies,' "electrified" the railway lines of Columbus, O.; Buffalo, N. Y.; Springfield, 111.; St. Louis, Mo.; New Orleans, Cincinnati and Brooklyn. Then they put a mortgage on them as heavy as could be floated and issued preferred and common stocks, which were sold with the bonds. The capitalization was always enormously Increased above the old values of the properties, but, as a rule, they kept within what would be the earning capacity of electric roads after a few years of development. It was their knowledge of the wonderful Increase In traffic and the great reduction that could be made In the operating expenses by electricity that taught them that they could safely risk investments in which ordinary business men could see no profit. In due time the bonds and stock would rise and they could either sell out at large profits or keep Investments acquired at very low prices, but which were sure to become very valuable. In almost every case they were successful In building up flourishing lines. They failed at Springfield, 111., because that city was too small and grew too slowly, and they failed in St. Louis, because they sold out too early. In Cincinnati they bought a franchise that was really not in existence, and there they lost about $600,000. Here in Louisville, and also in Buffalo, Columbus and St. Louis, they made money by the millions. When the Buffalo railway was sold out last spring somo of the largest stockholders were citizens of Louisville, who got par for stock they bought around 50, and on which they had always received good dividends. They are large owners of Columbus railway, which is now worth 102, and which sold- as low as 42 In 1S97. The Increase In the values of nearly all their properties has been Immense. EFFECT. OF CONSOLIDATION. A. V. Du Pont, one of the Delaware family of powdermakers, was the real head of this body of financiers after Tom Johnson had grown away from them. He was an old bachelor,-whose heart was wrapped up in the Central Passenger Railway, one of the competing lines here. The other line was the City Railway, whose chief owner was A. H. Davis, of Syracuse, but which was managed by Hardin H. Littell. Littell had worked his way up from a clerkship to the superlntendency, and had put every dollar that he could make in the stock of his lines, beginning to buy when the $100 shares were worth but $6, and the first mortgage bonds were only 40. Davis had Invested heavily In the City Railway when the enterprise was very unprofitable, and he continued to put money into it when it seemed to every one that it was being thrown away. His road was able to pay its bond interest only in monthly installments, but he kept extending the lines, obtaining new and valuable franchises from the city for nothing, until he had about $650,000 Invested. Finally the tide began to turn. The City Railway and the Central Passenger lines were consolidated ten years ago, the stocks of each corporation being bought up at about $190 a share. The srgregate cost of the lines was $4,000,000, which seemed an enormous price, but it was immediately doubled and tripled In the sale of securities. The way in which it was done was a good sample of street-railway financiering. A syndicate was formed, headed by Clark & Co., of Philadelphia, and Seligman & Co., of New York, that bought the old roads. With the announcement that the system would be made an electric one, a 5 per cent mortgage of $6,000,000 was floated. This represented the actual cost of the lines probably twice over, and one and one-third shares of preferred and two and two-thirds of common shares were offered as a bonus with each bond. At first $2,000,000 of preferred stock was floated and $1,000,000 of common stock. The increase of capital was at least two for one. but the promoters quickly sold their mortgages, clearing at least $1,000,000 on the deal. The bonds and preferred shares quickly found buyers In the best class of investors and soon took rank as gilt-edged securities. The money realized from the preferred shares was used to electrify the lines, this city being one of the first In the world to use electric motors. The speedier method of transit caused a great increase In traffic and a decrease in operating expenses. In addition to which the price of electric motors and other equipment soon fell to one-third the cost at the beginning. The road earned its fixed charges on $6,0X,OuO of bonds, the operating expenses and the dividends on the preferred stock from the start, besides a handsome surplus, which has been steadily put Into the property at the rate of $100,000 a year. In consequence of this the bonds are now soiling at 119. the preferred stork at 110 and the common, on which no dividends are paid, at ZZ. This shows of what earnings street railways are capable, even In times of panic A VENTURE IN FRANCHISES. Tom Johnson made his start as a speculator in franchises on $30,000 he borrowed from 11. Du Pont, the younger brother of A. V. Du Pont. He had saved a little money and he knew street cars from top to bottom. With this $30,000 he had borrowed and with the co-operation of local capitalists he bought up the Indianapolis ril'way, which he sold before long at a prj.1t of over $1,000,000 to himself and partners. From Indianapolis he went to Cleveland, where he made his first really great coup. The lines there were badly managed and the citizens had no Idea ot the value of franchises. He applied for permission to build on some of the best streets, and In consideration of the franchise offered to

pave the streets. The Clevelanders thought they had caught a yourg fool from Ken tucky and gave him everything he wanted. He made a fortune for himself and for all his friends here again. He was also concerned in the purchase and electrifying of the Buffalo railways. Hardin H. Littell and J. B. Speed were the most prominent local capitalists interested In this enterprise. No good manarer could be found in the East, and Mr. Littell was brought from Louisville on a contract for four years at $2.".000 a 3ear and a bonus of $i.ooo of the railway stock to manage the road. How well he did his work was shown by the sale of the system a few months ago at par for a stock that perhaps did not cost the promoters 23 cents on the do!hr and which has paid 4 four per cent, dividends for years. Tom Johnson's blggen venture after the Cleveland coup was the purchase of tha Brooklyn lines now composing the Rapid Transit system. He obtained control of about 200 miles, and when he rold out it was at another great profit for himself and friends. Louisville capitalists also shared in this profitable operation. Since then Tom has not had so much to do with traction properties, though he joined with R. T. Wilson in the purchase of the Detroit system. It Is understood here that Tom dii not care to go to Detroit, but Mr. Wilson visited the city and was so taken with it that later on he wired his friend that he had bought the railroads on joint account. Johnson did not take a large interest in the roads, though Mr. Wilson depended on hlra to manage them. It is Tom's plan now to sell out the lines to the city of Detroit at a profit, of course and that he will do It yet no one here who knows him doubts. He owns no other railway interests except the system in Johnstown, Pa., i and his friends here say thty do not believe he will go Into the problem of Introducing trolley roads in London unless It may be to help his brother Albert. He is an extremely wealthy man. with his fortune safely invested and an income greater than he can spend, perhaps the bulk of his fortune was made In his steel and iron enterprises at Johnstown and Lorain, but he got his first work In life as a sweeper-out of the office of the Central Passenger Railway of this city, and his first millions were made as a dealer in franchises got for nothing and sold at very high prices. HIS SHREWDNESS. Many entertaining anecdotes are told about Johnson's shrewdness and knowledge of the conditions necessary to make street railways profitable. Once some Louisville capitalists formed a plan of buying up the Evansville Railway. An option was taken, and a careful map was drawn of the town, places of amusement, churches, and so forth, and the street railway lines. Johnson came to Louisville, but like lightning he had made up his mind. In the first place, he told his friends that the population being largely German, it was not a good town for street railways. The average German laborer will not spend a nickel for a car ride when he can go Into a saloon, buy a glass of beer and discuss It for hours. It takes Americans, white and black, to help the street railways along. Moreover, the lines were not laid on the best streets. There was some money In the scheme, but not enough for him. Suburban Unas are not so profitable as Imagined. Travel on them may be heavy, but It costs more to handle It. This Is what Louisville street-car men say, though usually It Is thought desirable to establish long suburban lines. The profit comes almost entirely from the traffic In the thickly settled portions of the city, where the people ride but shot distances. Tom Johnson once remarked relative to mnney that might be rrade on lines in big cities that a mortgage of $",000 a mile was too much for some reads, but a $500,000 mortgage a mile was not too heavy on others. A rapidly growing city is essential to great profits. If the veather turns hot and dry. and especially If there are hot nights, it Is all the better for the traffic. While the profits In street railways are large. It should be remembered that the electrifying of the roads was an experiment In which few cared to Invest at first. The use of eletrlclty has also doubled the value of the service over what It was ten years before, and this is equivalent to a reduction in fares. In fact, the electric railway has been the greatest factor In building up modern cities, and In this way the giving away of franchises has not been the robbery that some people Imagine. ELECTIONS IX 1800.

Not an Important Political Year la Respect to Ofllcea to Be Filled. New York Sun. State elections will be comparatively unimportant this year. In New York, for the first time In half a century, there will be no state election either for executive officials In Albany or for members of the State Senate. In New Jersey, a State which adheres to a three years term for its Governor, there will be no election for state officers. There will be no election in Kansas for any office above the grade of a county official and there are no state offices to be filled In Michigan or Wisconsin. In Kentucky, Maryland, Iowa, Ohio and Mississippi there will be elections for Governor and other officers. Nebraska will vote for a judge of the Supreme Court and two regents of the State University. Pennsylvania will vote for a state treasurer and two judges (one of whom under the law will be a member of the minority political party), Massachusetts will vote for a state ticket from Governor down, Missouri will elect a Judge and Maine will fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Thomas B. Reed in the Portland congressional district. There are no congressional elections In any 8tate except to fill vacancies and In two States, Missouri and Louisiana, these vacancies have already been filled at August elections. The dearth of political contests in 19 Is due In a majority of cases to the adoption of the plan of two-year terms of the Legislature whereby legislators are chosen in the year In which a President Is voted for and in the second year succeeding. Governors in most American States are now elected simultaneously with the presidential electors. Where the term is four years, the election of Governor and President fall on the same day; where the term Is two years there Is an election in the Intervening years, as was the case In New York last year. All but three States now have either a two years' or a four years' term for Governor; one notable exception Is New Jersey, In which, the Governor's term Is three years. There was an election in 1838; there will be another In 1901, and a third In 1H the year of a presidential election. The States which adhere to a one-year term for Governor are two in number, Massachusetts and Rhode Island. NEGROES CO.MING NORTH. Their Faces Turned Toward New York and New England. New York Letter. The negro population of Greater New York is increasing at a rate that Is attracting official attention of school boards and others connected with social and educational problems. Up to the present time New Yorkers have been kindly disposed toward the colored people; but latterly colonies of blacks have been formed In three or four localities, and. as Is often the case, the vicious elements are coming to the top. The race question, therefore, is one that promises to be brought prominently Into the foreground here before long. The race troubles which have occurred in the South have driven a great many colored people away from there, and they are starting North, with a decided eastward drift, toward New York and New England. The introduction of colored blood Into New England is thus far very slight, but it Is increasing at a rapid rate. The Southern railroad and the coast lines form natural avenues of escape for frightened or venturesome Southern negroes. These line terminate at Baltimore and Washington, and from these two places, which have been denominated "colored people's paradises," it is but a step to Philadelphia. New York and New England. At the rate the colored people are moving northward there will be no occasion for the adoption of Senator "Humbuy;" Butler's plan for th government to appropriate $100j0.ooo and as many subsequent hundred of millions as may be necessary for the deportation of the entire negro population to Africa. The North will be thHr haven. Southern people look forward with satisfaction to the partial fulfillment of this promise, which, they say. Is the only way the Northerners can be brought to an appreciation of the merits of the race problem. Knows Something;. Baltimore American. Senator Beverldge. of Indiana, looms up wonderfully. He is the only man to return from the Philippines who hasn't talked continuously all the way over, and told Juht how to run the war. The senator evidently knows something. Needed 31 one jr. Washington Tost. The Boston Herald calls upon Tom Reed to give his reasons for leaving Congress. Has the esteemed Herald heard of the reason given by the Jersey farmer who charged Bill Nye $1 for a sandwich? Good Form In Santo Domlsgs. Chicago Record. It would not be considered good form In Santo Domingo for any one to start a revolution against General Jimenez for at l?ast a week. Natural Inference. Washington PosL We Infer from the brief of Captain Carter that he contemplates the Institution of lander charges against the government.