Indianapolis Journal, Volume 49, Number 216, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 August 1899 — Page 4

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THE IKDIANArOLIS JOURNAL, FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 1899.

THE DAILY JOURNAL FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 1899. Washington Office 1503 Pennsylvania Avenue.

Telephone Cm 11b. Easiness Office ZA Editorial Rooms 8$ TEI13IS OF Sl'BfCIUPTION. DAILY BY MAIL. Dally nJr. on month..................... $ .70 raly only, three month 2.00 Dally only, one year Dally, including Sunday, one year 10.00 Eunday only, ore year 2.00 WHEN FURNISHED BY AGENTS. Dally, jxr week, by carrier 15 ets Fun-lay, single copy S eta Daily aad Sunday, per week, by carrier.... TO cts WEEKLY. Ter year ll.OQ Ilednced Hates t Clubs. BubiK-rlb with any of our numerous amenta cr end subscriptions to the JOURNAL NEWSPAPER COMPANY", Indlanwpoll. Ind. rersons sending the Journal through the malls In the United KtatM shouM nut on an elzht-pajje paper a ONE-CENT postage stamp: on a. twelve or sixteen-page paper a TWO-CENT postage tamp. ForeUa postage Is usually double these rates. All communications Intended for publication In this paper must. In order to receive attention, be accompanied by the nam and addresa of the writer. Rejected manuscripts will not be returned unless postage la Inclosed for that purpose. Tin: Indianapolis joihnal. fan be found at the following places: KEW YOitK Astor House. CHICAGO-Palmer House. P. O. News Co.. 217 learborn street, Oreat Northern Hotel and ;rand Pacific Hotel. CINCINNATI-J. K. Hawley & Co.. 1 Vine street. LOUISVILLE C. T. Deerlnr. northwest corner of Third and Jefferson streets, and Louisville Book Co.. , Fourth avenue. 8T. LOUIS Union News Company, Union Depot. WASHINGTON, D. C Riggs House. Ebbltt House and Willard's Hotel. Treason consists not only in levying war gainst one's country, but In giving Its enemy "aid and comfort." The appearance of the destructive grasshopper In some parts of Kansas, Nebraska and South Dakota Is the first good news the calamityite has had for months. The hearty good will which General Alger has displayed toward his successor and the administration generally has made thousand) of friends among those who have criticised him. A Berlin dispatch says that Germans are much Interested In the scheme of the United States to control the South and Central American republics. In this country we bad not heard of it. Because he is a Democrat who does not believe that a dollar made of 4." cents' worth of silver bullion with no gold dollar to hold It up is as good as the best. Dr. Edwins, of Elwood, should not be removed as local pension examiner. Persons who are familiar with the character of the Yaqul Indians, and with the circumstances of the present outbreak, predict that the Mexican government will have a long war on Its hands. There are many Americans5 in the Yaqul country, and they are pretty sure to be drawn into the fight. When professional tramps become so numerous and so lawless as to take charge of a village and take what they want they should not be permitted to escape punishment by leaving town. In these times, when all who will can find employment, professional tramps should be collected In quads, put at hard work on the highways and thus made to earn their bread. A Philadelphia paper, commenting on a recent strike of local messenger boys in that city, says: "The young ruffians ham mered any stray messenger still at work who came In their way when the backs of the police were turned, and they would have committed greater outrages than this if they had had the chance to do so." The young ruffians had evidently taken lessons or Imbibed the principles of older ruffians In the school of mob law. BBBBBBSSSBBMBBSSBBBBaSBSBSSBBBSSBBBBBBBSBBBBBBSSSSSSBBBSSBBBBBBBBBB The Iowa Republicans sound a good keynote on the money question when they declare that "the monetary standard of this country and the commercial world Is gold," and that "fhe permanence of this standard must be assured by congressional legislation, giving to it the validity and vitality of public law." Thl3 should be done so as to place It out of the power of a free-silver President, if one should be elected, to place the country on a silver basis by an executive order. In his1 statement concerning the lawless conditions. In Clay county the Governor of Kentucky says: "The whole fault In Clay Is a vitiated public sentiment and a failure of the civil authorities to do their duty." The Governor of Georgia diagnosed the situation In that State pretty much the same way, and it fits some localities in Northern States Juxt as well. In fact, vitiated public sentiment and failure of local authorities to do their duty Is the most prolific of all causes of crime. Commissioner of Immigration Powderly has reversed his decision rendered a short time ago against the right of a party of Filipinos to enter the United States. They were brought here for exhibition purposes and the commissioner held that they came under the contract labor law. The decision was clearly wrongas, by the ratification of the treaty with Spain, the Philippines became a part of the United States. and its Inhabitants have as much right to cmer the country as if they were fullfledged American citizens. It Is useless to deny any longer that there la nothing in the anti-Goebel movement In Kentucky, now that his opponents have held a conference in which more than half the counties in the State were represented by IfO men. Many prominent men are In the movement. It Is said to mean something more than the defeat of Mr. Goebel, should Jlr. Bryan not heed the warnings of the anti-Goebel leaders. They declared for Pryan In their platform, but it is understood that If he comes Into Kentucky to make speeches for Goebel the anti-Goebel Democrats will send delegates to the Democratic national convention to oppose Mr. Bryan's nomination. It is understood that Mr. Bryan has promised to make speeches for Goebel. The New York World has published Interviews with almost one hundred of the returned Nebraska soldiers, the general purport of which is that the Filipinos are "no good." This cannot be comforting to the people In this country who have maintained that a large part of the Inhabitants of the Philippines are a highly Intelligent people, capable of self-government. According to Mr. Bryan the wrong of the whole thing is that we propose to compel the Filipinos to give up self-government, for which he assumes the islanders are well qualified. Indeed, he Is confident that If Jtculsalio bad been guaranteed aaythins;.

like independence there never; wold have been any trouble. If the Nebraska boys are right, and these people are "no good," It Kcms to be our duty to try to make them of some consequence In the world. Oi n TITLE TO THE PHILIPPINES.

A recent dispatch from Manila said that the Insurgents had taken advantage of the rainy season to Increase their forces and strengthen their lines. Probably there Is not much foundation for this, as there are plain indications that the insurrection is past the point of being restored to anything like its former strength. But the rainy season and the enforced suspension of military operations has encouraged the American sympathizers with the insurgents to new activity, as appears in the formation at Chicago of a central anti-imperialist league, the avowed policy of which is to arouse opposition to the policy of expansion. Senator Mason, of Illinois, embraces the opportunity to write a letter approving the object of the league, in which, after referring to "the dangerous and unconstitutional war now being waged by us to make slaves In the Philippine islands." he says: They say we bought the right to govern from Spain. Then we bought what we had no right to buy and what Spain had no right to sell. We purchased goods from a thief we knew It and told the world what she was long before we purchased. To get the technical right to kill we call them rebels against a government to which they have never sworn allegiance we must make them subjects before they can be rebels. Senator Mason Joins with Mr. Bryan In misrepresenting our status In the Philippines and the object of the present war. As It is evident the enemies of the administration intend to use this argument for all it is worth, it Is Important that the facts should be rightly understood. The record of the peace negotiations shows that the Philippines question was the last one considered. The first month was spent In discussing other matters, mainly the Cuban debt, and the Philippines question was not taken up till the latter part of October. By that time General Merrit had arrived in Paris and given his own and Admiral Dewey's views on the advisability of acquiring the islands. The settlement of the Philippines question came very near causing a breaking off of the negotiations. Spain was determined not to surrender control of them. She contended that In signing the protocol she reserved her full sovereignty over the islands, the understanding being that the temporary occupation of Manila by the American forces should empower the I . . - ... l commlssioners to do nothing more than to impose on Spain certain conditions as to the government of the islands, or the disposition of them by Spain In the future. This the Americans firmly denied, and they even refused the Spanish request to submit the construction of the words in the protocol to arbitration. Then the Spanish commissioners contended that when the protocol was signed there was an outside understanding that it should be regarded in the treaty negotiation as involving Spanish sovereignty in the Philippines. This contention was also absolutely denied oy the American commissioners. Finally, on the last day of October, the Americans presented their demands. They comprised the cession of the entire archipelago, the United States to reimburse Spain to the extent of her permanent and peaceable expenditures in the islands: In other words, the United States to be responsible to Spain for her actual outlay In the Islands for the advantage of the inhabitants, for permanent betterments and Improvements. After taking four days for consultation Spain flatly refused these terms. Then followed several weeks of diplomatic fencing and efforts by Spain to hold on to the Philippines or get better terms. On the 21st of November the American commissioners presented an ultimatum and requested an answer not later than Nov. 2?. On the latter date Spain accepted the terms above named with a protest, saying that, while the American demands were inadmissible on legal principles, Spain, .having exhausted all diplomatic resources, now yielded only to stress of circumstances In order "to avoid bloodshed and from considerations of humanity and patriotism." It is important to recall these facts, because they show that during the entire negotiation Spain claimed sovereignty In the Philippines, and that she surrendered them most reluctantly. They show, further, that we acquired the islands by conquest, or as a war indemnity, and not by purchase, the $2.000,000 that we paid being to reimburse Spain for what she had spent in the islands. Spain did not sell us the Philippines, as Senator Mason says, but she ceded them under the compulsion of war and made a good title. Our title to the Philippines Is as good as our title to Florida, which was also ceded to us by Spain, and we have tho same right to put down the present Insurrection that we had to put down that of the Seminole Indians in Florida. The final disposition and government of the Philippines is another question. ' TIIK GORMAN PLATFORM. The platform adopted by the Maryland Democratic convention Is entitled to more consideration than are most state platforms I. because it is conceded to be the platform which ex-Senator Gorman . believes the Democracy of tho United States must adopt next year in order that the party may have the least hope of electing a Democratic President. It will be seen that no allusion whatever la made to silver and the currency In general No allusion Is made to the Chicago platform of 1S96 any more than if it had never been adopted by the Bryan Democracy. As a compromise on the silver contention it Is probable that Mr. Gorman and his large following in the East would allow a declaration in favor of the coinage of silver at a ratio to be fixed by a Democratic Congress and denouncing the single gold standard. The Bryanites. as they contemplate the Maryland Democratic platform, will come to the painful conclusion that the Gorman Democracy is so far from them that they cannot form a junction before the presidential election, even if they should resort to forced marches in the lightest marching order. There is one plank upon which all the politicians in both Democratic camps are agreed. It reads as follows: We Insist that in time of war, as well as of peace, the freedom of the press shall be preserved, and that the right of the people to criticise freely the policy and conduct of the administration shall be demanded at all hazards. No deadlier blow can be dealt to American liberty than the suppression by an abute of executive power of the free utterance by American freemen of their sentiments on matters of public concern affecting the welfare of the people, and we denounce as dangerous and indefensible sll efforts to interfere with and abridge this eacred right. There are many Democrats who do not believe that it would be wise to permit the sensational and malicious correspondents of the yellow and Democratic press to telegraph the movements and tJie lying comments upon the condition of our army In Luzon, for the reason that they do not believe in American newspapers giving aid and comfort to the enemy. Agulnaldo has no more effectivs aids than correspondents of the Creel men brand. Bat it was always

thus. Even during the days of the great Lincoln the Democratic politicians lamented the aggressions of the administration, as the following extract from the Democratic platform of ISO proves: Resolved. That the Democratic party hereby declare that they consider the administrative usurpation of extraordinary and dangerous powers not granted by the Constitution, the subversion of the civil by nllitary law, trial and sentence of American citizens in States where civil law exists In full force, the suppression of freedom of speech and the press, the denial of the right of asylum, the employment of unusual test oaths and the interference with and denial of the right of the people to bear arms as calculated to prevent restoration of the Union and the perpetuation of a government deriving its just powers from the consent of the governed. Those who compare the resolution last quoted with that of the Gorman convention in Maryland will discover that now, as in 15-64, the Democracy can be relied upon to do whatever it can to embarrass an administration in time of war. Its factions may be as far apart on the currency question as the poles, but when it comes to embarrassing an administration in time of war the platform makers are as one man. r A BIT OF IIISTOKV.

The Baltimore American, having declared that "soldiers who serve under a military commander are the most accurate judges of his competency," and that anyone who passed through the civil war will verify this statement without hesitation, the Washington Post takes issue as follows: George B. McClellan was the most competent general judged by the opinions of the men under him. who had any important commands on the Union side during our great war. Not only the commissioned officers, but the enlisted men. with few ex ceptions, believed him to be Invincible, In spite of repeated and most disastrous fail ures. They believed in him long after his final removal from command, but we look in vain now in any direction for evidence of the survival of that faith. Impartial history will credit him with great skill in engineering and with capacity to handle a small force effectively in action, but will not rep resent him as a capable commander of an army, leaving out of account the unfortunate Peninsular campaign, and confining judgment to the campaign that culminated at Antletam. the honest historian will find McClellan's army moving at the average rate of six miles a day over good roads, while 12.000 Union troops were penned up at narper s ferry and compelled to cufrender. nen, on me ariernoon or sept. 16, Aiccieilan a army, minus 10,000 stragglers over come Dy tne strain or a slx-mlles-a-day march was getting Into position for the battle of the next dav. its snirlts were enthused by the sight of the 12.000 men from Harper's .perry, cusarmed. paroled and KOirre home to wait until exchanged. As to the battle or fc?pt. 17. It was. like the whole of Gaul. "divided Into three parte" Hooker on the right, fighting his in the mornirsr. Sumner . center, occupying the middle of the uay. rotn or. inose engagements were successful in reoelline the enemv. In the after noon Burnside held his fight on the Union left and it was far less successful. The con federates used against Burnside many of the organizations that Sumner and Hooker w J . a . w ... nau reputed. Jiut neither Sumner nor Hooker was drawn upon for the support of Burnside. Nor was any call made unon the splendid reserve, consisting mostly of regulara As a fitting finale to the series of plunders, the Confederate army crossed the river, ur.aisturoeo:. while our trreat armv rested. Even after all that. McClellan's men adored him and believed him a second Napoleon. Does the American. In view of these facts of history, still adhere to Its tneory announced above? Every word of the foregoing is true. Even after General Grant took command of all the armies, in the spring of 1S54, making his headquarters with the Army of the Potomac, that .splendid army still contained thousands or McClellan admirers. At no time was General Grant ever as popular with that army as was General McClellan. This may have been due to the fact that General Grant never sought to Impress himself upon the armies by the pomp and circumstance of war. In time men learned to have con fidence In him, but it was not until the event at Appomattox that he attained anything of the popularity in the Eastern armies that General McClellan enjoyed after all his failures. And now, if anyone will take the pains to consult the file3 of tho half-and-half anti-Lincoln newspapers of the East, from the date of the Wilderness until January, 1863. he will find no end of declarations of the unfitness of Grant for the position he occupied. Some of them denounced him as a blundering butcher. Six months before the end of the war the Democratic national convention denounced the war as conducted by him as a failure. DIFFERENT KINDS OF MOB LAW. Almost everybody has pretty much the same conception as to what is meant by mob law. The phrase Is a misnomer in that it Implies some kind of law, whereas It Is pure lawlessness. Lynch law. In its original application. Involved a sort or summary trial and investigation and the dispensing of justice In a rude way, though not ac cording to the forms of law. Mob law is a lower and worse form of violence, since It makes no pretense of ascertaining facts or administering Justice, and Is generally nothing more than mere vindlctlveness or the embracing of an opportunity to gratify brutal and bloodthirsty Instincts under the pretense of punishing crime. We all recognize this form of mob law. It may be the killing of Chinese in Wyoming, or of Italians in Louisiana, the ournlng and butcher ing of negroes in the South, or the hanging of white desperadoes In the North, the hunting down of fugitives with blood hounds and shooting them to death without the form of .a trial, or the tearing of convicted prisoners from Jail and murdering them In cold blood. All these forms of mob law are only too familiar and are con demned! by all good citizens. But there are other forms of mob law which are scarcely less familiar than those named, but which do not excite anything I llke the horror, and wmcn even nave tne sympathy and approval of some who call themselves good citizens. For some years past there has scarcely been an extensive I labor strike lnny part of the country that I has not been accompanied by exhibitions I of mob law. In Cleveland, for the last three I weeks, there has been more mob law than I any other kind, and it has cropped out in EvansviUe and many other places. The dynamiting of street cars, the destruction of property, the terrorizing of nonunion men are all forms of mob law. The boycott is mob law. Many persons engage In these things who would not assist In burning a negro or taking a prisoner from jail and hanging him, but one is mob law as much as the other. What we need as a people is a stricter observance and enforcement of all law and better appreciation of the fact that every attempt to enforce individual rights by other than legal methods is mob law. The Baltimore American has the bad taste to criticise Admiral Sampson's claim of prize money on the alleged ground that "he was never In the fight from start to flnls-h." Captain Evans, the gallant commander of the Iowa in the battle of Santiago, said a few days ago: "That battle was fought fiom start to finish on Sampson's plan. Had the admiral failed, who would have been blamed? He succeeded. Then oil praise belongs to him and should be his." The whole system of prize money is wrong, but as the law stands Admiral Sampson is the person to make the claim, and the law gives to the commanding officer of a fleet "one-twentieth of all prize

money awarded to any vessel or vessels

under his Immediate command." The anti-expansionists are circulating a pamphlet entitled "Columbia's Apostasy." in which United. States soldiers In the Philippines are accused of practicing all klnd3 of barbarism. Including the killing of Inno cent women and children. Gen. T. M. Anderson, who was in the Philippines several months and who is now In command of the Department of the Lakes, with headquarters at Chicago, denounced the pamphlet when it was shown him as a mass of vicious falsehoods. He savs: Up to the time I left the island, in Jan uary, there had been ISO Filipino men and two women wounded in battle. They were brought Into our hospitals and cared for as tenderly as if they had been our own people. The women .were wounded accidentally, and everybody regretted it. All the time I was there I never heard of a child being harmed. The pamphlet ought to be suppressed. THE ALASKAN BOUNDARY. Summary of the Claim Set Up by Great Britain. Atlantic Monthly. The British contention is: First That the "nasa called the Portland channel" did not mean what is now called Portland canal, but what is now known as nenra canal, which they claim was for merly called Portland channel. Second That, thoueh the Russians ran the line a uniform ten marine leagues from the coast as though there were no distinct range of mountains parallel to the coast, there is, as a fact, a range of mountains parallel to the coast, the crest of which should have been followed. Third That In case there were no range of mountains the ten marine leagues should have been measured, not from the line of salt water, but from the outer coast line of the islands or from the ocean, that being meant as the coast. Fourth That, even if thers were no dis tinct range of mountains and the line wa9 accepted as ten marine leagues from the coast, it should be ten leagues from a meandered coast line and should cut across the mouths of the narrow channels and in lets with which the coast of Alaska Is in dented, leaving the harbors at the head of these Inlets In the possession or ureat Britain. Sir Wilfrid Laurier, premier of Canada, stated In the Canadian Parliament In reply to a question relative to the Alaskan boundary: "Aecordlntr to our construction of the treaty of 1825 the boundary line should follow the crest of the mountains nearest the coast, passing over bays and creeks and inlets which are territorial waters. After making all these contentions it is reported that Great Britain took the position before the commission that while she was by right entitled to all the territory these various constructions of the treaty would give her, she was willing to sacrifice them all and as a compromise receive just one harbor the best one on the Alaskan coast. And the tefusal of the commission ers on behalf of the United States to ac cede to their request caused a suspension of negotiations oa the part of the commission. It has been said that Great Britain's pol icy in international disputes is to claim everything in sight and then have a margin upon which to make concessions when effecting a compromise. In the Alaskan boundary dispute her claims are without foundation, and the concessions she offers should not be considered, as they represent no sacrifice. She proposes to concede to the United States that which belongs to the United States in order to get from the United States, on the principle (so often invoked in international compromises) of mutual accommodation, a concession at once valuable to both nations. A Bryan Fond. Philadelphia Record (Dem.) Some solicitude is manifesting Itself in Bryan circles as to the necessary funds to carry on tne presidential campaign next year. If Bryan Ehould be renominated it Is feared that greater financial oimcuities would be experienced than In 1&9C. when it was necessary to resort to every expedient to make ends meet. If the candidacy of Bryan had an enthusiastic popular support the problem or campaign tunas wouiu not be hard to solve: but it is Intimated that the attempt of the Democratic ways and means committee to raise a popular loan in monthly dollar subscriptions, with "Coin" Harvey as chief collector, has been a signal failure. In Kentucky ax d Missouri alone the plan has met with a measure of success, the sum raised (or promised) in the former State amounting to $l4,wo a year. and In the latter State $8,000. In no other State has the subscription exceeded a few hundred dollars. In this situation approaches have been made to the Murcsi of supplyIn former Democratic campaigns, and the prompt reply has been returned that no funds would be forthcoming for a campaign with Rrvan as the candidate on a pro gramme of warfare upon the gold standard and upon the Supreme Court of the United States. It is felt that tne expenanure oi funds on such a campaign would be worse than a mere waste of money, to say nothing of the tremendous less of time ana political energy. She Forgot Her Husband. New York Evening Sun. Every once In a while one hears of some one who forgets who he is, but there is a peculiar circumstance in connection with one woman who was lost for a time and finally found by her anxious frlend3 living a quiet, humble life in a small village. She had forgotten all about her xormer me, ana, though they have succeeded In making her recall nearly everything, they cannot get her to recognize her husband. The fact that her domestic life hadn't been any too happy may have something to do with it. It s ever so much simpler tnan getting a aivorce, to just "forget it." The Automobile ot Xew. Boston Globe. Prof. R. H. Thurston rises to explain that the automobile, or self-moving carriage, for street purposes, antedates tne locomotive and was suggested by Sir Isaac Newton as early as l&so. Of course, all the early selfpropelled carriages were driven by steam. but over twenty are said to have been running in London in-I?N33. and it seems that they were quite common for several years, until the fierce opposition of the stage coach proprietors brought about overmuch' legal regulations or these vehicles, wnicn nnauy regulated them out of use. Another Astor. Chicago Inter Ocean. John Jacob Astor Is organizing and equip ping at his own expense another company for service in the Philippines. If necessary John Jacob Astor would not hesitate to lead it. That is the kind of an American William Waldorf Astor is not now and never has been. "Will Please Ilryan. Chicago Times-Herald." The filling up of the new regiments Is one of tho things that Mr. Bryan is able to regard with unqualified complacency. He takes it ror granted that ne win not lose a single vote If every one o.f the recruits remains away until after the next election. nice Fame Extends. Atlanta Constitution. The Sunny South is printing some remarkable sonnets these days. Some of them would do credit even to Mr. Aldrich. and the very best of them are written by Mr. A. L. Rice, of Indiana. For the O. A. It. Reunion. Philadelphia North American. At the suggestion of Colonel Bosbyshell, James Whltcomb Riley will be invited to write an appropriate poem and deliver It at the Academy of Music on Tuesday evening of encampment week. Will Somebody Please Explain? Chicago Record. Does any one on this side of the Atlantic understand how it was that Du Paty de Clam, who confessed his guilt, gets out of Jail before Dreyfus does, who protests that he is innocent? Worth the Money. New York Mail and Express. For hi three speeches in Indiana the other day Mr. Bryan Is reported to have received $300. And amusement managers agree that they are worth the money. Naturally. Boston Transcript. Gen. Nelson A. Miles Is taking a great interest in the development of the automobile. There is something about an automobile that suggests miles. The Difference. Chicago Post. The difference betweeen a boycott and a boomerang is simply a matter of orthography. The Cleveland strikers will see this after awhile. tiettliitf Bendy. Kansas City Journal. The yellow journals are not aware what course Secretary Root means to pursue, but they are ready to denounce It In scathing terms.

ROBERT BONNER'S METHODS.

Paid Illsxb Price, bat Got Ills Money nack-lItH Honest Wrnlth. New Tork Letter in Philadelphia Press. Charles Dickens, in a letter to John Forster, expressed his amazement that Robert Bonner, a publisher of a weekly newspaper In New York, had offered him. $3,000 for a short tale, and even more astonishment and intense gratification that the payment came promptly on the receipt of the manuscript and at a time when Dickens was in some distress because of financial disappointment. Bonner himself, when he was shown the letter that Dickens wrote to Forstcr. it having been published in Forster's biography of Dickens, laughed and said, 'That was a cheap purchase for me, and the story was worth four or five times $3,000 for the New York Ledger." The $30,000 that he paid Henry Ward Beecher for the novel "Norwood" came to Beecher at a time when he was greatly worried because of pressing obligations, and although Bonner was often told that the novel was not worth the money, his reply always was that it was worth more than $30,000 to the Ledger for Beecher to write a novel for it. His relations with James Parton were, from the financial point of view, the most satisfactory which that industrious and most entertaining writer ever entered into, and the life work' which Mrs. Parton, over the pen name of "Fannie Fern," did for the Ledger brought her not only enough for comfortable support had she ben dependent upon her own exertions, but heV savings out of these earnings were enough handsomely to support ber upon the Income. , . ... Mr. Bonner was always regarded with much mental reservation, and spoken of with no little criticism by the more cultured critics, because he encouraged certain writers of adventure and Incident of whom the late Sylvanus Cobb was perhaps the chief. Bonner discovered this Massachusetts youth, knowing very well that, although Cobb was without any capacity for the delineation of character, he had a marvelous talent for the invention of incident and the creation of a plot. Therefore he employed Cobb constantly to write for the Ledger, knowing that his stories, although exciting in their incidents, complicated in their arrangement of plot as were some of Wilkie Colllns's tales, nevertheless, never contained a line which could not have been read in the family circle. Bonner used to be amused when reading the criticisms for occasionally the critics deigned to discuss the productions of Sylvanus Cobb since some of the very critics In private had confessed to Mr. Bonner that his chief contributor was really as fertile of imagination as Eugene Sue without the offensive features that characterized Sue's writings, and one of the ablest of American critics once said to Mr. Bonner that he had read Cobb's "Gunmaker of Moscow." and that weak as it was in character drawing. In construction and in subtlety of plot, it was a work of genius superior even to Wilkie Colllns's "Moonstone." Both Sylvanus Cobb and Mr. Bonner could afford to read with complacency the criticism or to observe' the covert sneers which the stories of Cobb so often caused. They paid Mr. Bonner enormously and they paid Cobb handsomely. That, too, was the case with the tales of Mrs. Southworth. She died a rich woman, her whole fortune having come through the payments made to her by Mr. Bonner for her stories, which he published not only serially, but in book form. Mr. Bonner had a theory that it Is a fundamental quality of human nature that has caused the story teller to be accepted and often revered even from the earliest tlme3. and he often said that many of the stories that appealed to the average man and woman so that their sympathies were aroused, their emotions awakened healthfully and morally wpm tales which did not bear critical analysis nor. In the higher meaning of the term, could be accepted as literature. But they gave pleasure to thousands, and some of them to hundreds of thousands, and It was a pleasure In perfect sympathy with the better instincts of human nature. It was this demand that he constantly aimed tq meet, and so successfully did he do it that when he retired from the management of his paper and turned It over to his sons he could see earnings that It had brought to him aggregating a little over $6,000,000. Mr. Bonner, when he retired from the Ledger, ajid had safely and comfortably invested his fortune, declared that there was one thing that could be said about his wealth which gave him the highest gratification in his sense of the possession of it. That was that not one dollar of it had been earned through injustice to any man. and tht every penny of his fortune represented, as he believed, healthful enjoyment and rec reation given to hundreds of thousands of readers scattered all over the world. It was once said In Mr. Bonner's presence that a distinguished politician who represented one of the Boston districts In Congress had said that no man could accumulate a fortune of $3,000,000. except through the discovery of a gold mine or some valuable invention, with out doing Injustice to his fellow-man or to some of those with whom he had business dealings. And Mr. Bonner replied that he should be sorry to believe that no man could get very rich in the United States without harming anether, and that he knew that this was not true in one case his own since he was assured that every dollar of his earnings had been gladly paid to him by thne who bought his newspaper, and, furthermore, that in the conduct of that paper his relations with his employes and his Sayments to the contributors he had never or.e an unjust thing. Mr. Bonner may not be regarded as an Insplrer of American literature or the sponsor for some of those who have done great things as literary artists, but he certainly freatly Increased the reading public and. irthermore, he taught one valuable lesson which was that the prejudice against the tale or novel, that at one time was so deepseated in some religious denominations, was an unworthy one, and that the objection should be made not against story telling, but against certain forms of vicious or unhealthful stories. FIRST WESTERN STEAMBOAT. Built at Pittsharir in 1811, and Named the New Orleans. Memphis Scimitar. The business of steamboating on the Mississippi river is a great one and one which has done a very great deal toward developing the South, and looking back on the history of the business one is surprised to find how young it is. Considering the splendid achievements of boatbuilders and the floating palaces they now put and have for nearly half a century put upon the broad bosom of the great river, it seeftis almost incredible that it was lees than a century ajo that the first steamboat was operated on the Mississippi river. This boat was built by Robert Fulton. Chancellor Livingston and Nicholas Roose velt, all or the State of Xsew York. Boosevelt was a member of the same family that gave to the United States that sterling and typical American. .rtough Klder Teddy, and Fulton was the man to whom the majority of historians that touch on the matter give the credit for inventing and building the first steamboat. In this connection, however, it should be stated that there is reason to believe that John Fitch, a Westenner who died in Kentucky from an overuose 01 morphine and now fills an unmarked and unhonored grave, built and operated the first steamboat ever invented. Fitch built his boat in ITS and operated it on the Delaware river, twenty-three -years before Fulton built his first boat which he tried on tne Hudson. The hi at steamboat ever operated on the .Mississippi ana tne nrst one that ever steamed up these bluffs, however, was the New Orleans, which Fulton, Livingston and Roosevelt built. The keel of the New Orleans was laid in 1811 on the bank of Monongahela river.where tne l'lttsourg ft connellsville Railroad depot now sianas. ine snipyara was overflowed several times during the building of the New Orleans and many other difficulties were encountered, but finally the boat was launched and her machinery was put Into plate. The beat, though the first of its kind to be built for practical transportation. was well fitted up. having a cabin forward tor men and for women aft. When the owners of the New Orleans an nounced that they would leave with the boat for New Orleans on a certain day there was much headyhaking and exclaiming among tne populace, ihe people thouaht the trip dangeious and foolhardy and- were willing to bet that the steamer could not breast the current of the Mississippi. The wiseacres said the boat could go down stream, but that she could never come back. All Pittsburg assembled to see the New Orleans leave for the long trip southward and there was a great shout when she left her moorings and steamed away on the trip which was destined to cause the birth of an Industry In which io-day millions of dollars are invested. The trip to Louisville was without Incident. When the boat tied up at tha Kentucky city Mr. Roosevelt in vited some friends aboard and when some of his guests doubted the ability of the New Orleans to ascend the river he ordered the engines to get up steam and then started up the river. The guests were panic-stricken at first, but soon calmed down and en joyed the trip. vvhen the New Orleans was passing down between Randolph and Memphis a large body of Chickasaw Indians, in canoes, put out after her. but she soon distanced her pursuers. The Indiana cauea tne steamer

"Penclore," or fire canoe." They thought the boat had some connection with the comet of 1U to which they attributed the earthquakes of that year. Memphis was not on the map when the New Orleans passed down the river, or at leat Memphis was not of sufficient importance on the map at that time for the New Orleans to stop there. The steamer stopped at Randolph. Natchez and Baton Rouge. At Natchez she took on some cotton consigned to a New Orleans merchant by Samuel Davis. When the boat reached New Orleans the city almost went wild. Th trip had been successful and had established the practicability of steamboating. That year two more boats were built and each year since then many others have been built. DEATH PENALTY IX JAPAX.

Hereafter It Will lie Inflicted by tne I e of Vacuum Chambers. New York Herald. Tire Japanese government Is striving U discover a new and more modern mode for the execution of Its convicted criminals. It has laid i;side the idea of execution by electricity as it is now practiced in America and is considering an entirely new and Improved method of execution. It is quick, painless, quiet and peaceful. The Japanese consider it even far better than the most modern mode, that of electricity, inasmuch as It does not harm the appearance of the body In the least, whereas electricity, when not applied to exactly the proper degree, scorches, burns and shrivels the skin of the victim. The "death" or "vacuum" chamber, as it Is to be known. Is to be an air-tight cell, built in or adjoining the prison. It Is to be eight feet in height, ten feet wide and ten feet long. The four sides are to have each an air-tight window of three-quarter inch plate glass, so that the operators, prison or other officials may have an opportunity to witness the execution and deter mine the results. The cell will be connected with an air pump, which will have a power of causing the expulsion of the air In the cell In one minute and forty seconds, thus acting so quickly as not to allow the victim to be come suffocated or distressed In even the slightest degree, but. Instead, causing almost Instant death. In fact, it was shown when the experiment was tried unon a large St. Bernard dog that the animal was dead a minute and a half after the vacuum was completed. The experts before whom the emerlment was tried were not only marvelously pleased ana surprised by the excellent success, rut were so positive while the vacuum continued, from the peaceful and lifelike appearance of the dog, that he was still alive, that they would not allow the vacuum to be discontinued for thirty minutes. When, on examining the St. Bernard, they found that It was dead one and a half minutes after the vacuum was completed they pronounced tne metnod "a revolution In the mode of execution." and declared that it was far better than electricity, which causes a stiffening of the muscles and a frightful appearance of the face and eyes. The method to be pursued in the execution of criminals by this chamber, should It be adopted, will be as follows: The condemned will be stripped, so that the. air which might become lodged In and between the folds of the garments will not be able to cause any hitch in the execution. The condemned will be placed In a position on the flat of the back, at full length, and with the hands clasped above the head so as to allow full expansion and ccntraction of the chest. This is done so that when the vacuum is forming the air In the body, being expelled by the contraction of the chest, will be Instantly drawn out of the chamber by the air pump, and then, there being no air in the chamber to replace that exhaled, death will ensue. SMOKELESS LOCOMOTIVES. A Method of Firing Which Renders Soft Coal Unobjectionable. New York Tribune. It has been pointed out repeatedly that the development of smoke to any considerable extent can be avoided where steam is being generated with soft coal If proper pains are taken in the firing. The employment or smoke-preventlnc aDDaratus has been at tended with good results In some cases, but it has been contended that it is unnecessary to resort to such devices. The development of smoke can be avoided if the coal thrown upon the fire in the right mannt and certain precautions are observed wl the draught. This fact has been amply demonstrated lu the management of stationary engines, and also on railways. Experiments on the Cincinnati division of the Cincinnati. New Orleans & Texas Faclfic road, reported in The Railroad Gazette" a week or so ago, afford a fresh Illustration of this possibility. W. J. Murphy, division superintendent, supplies the information. He eajs that trilling changes were made 'in the engines themselves. Iirick arches were introduced into the fireboxes, and four holes were made in each side of the firebox in order to admit tubes conveying air. Inasmuch as the tubes were heated when the engines were In service, the air which passed through them met with the same fate. In other words, means were employed to heat the air which promoted combustion. Special instructions were then Issued to the firemen. They were told to leave the door open a few seconds after firing, thus admitting a little additional lr. Then the door should be promptly closed. It was explained to the firemen that when a fresh shovelful of coal was thrown on to the fire more gases were driven out of It than could be Immediately consumed. Hence the smoke. But if extra air was admitted combustion would go on more advantasreouslv and lit tle or no smoke would appear. A number of other suggestions were made, but they ail hinged on this one. At times a blower should be brought Into reaultion to promote draught. This should be done when approaching a tunnel, so that a par ticularly good fire would then exist and fresh stoking would be needless until after the train was out of the tunnel. Similar precautions were to be taken when coming into a station, riremen were advised to keep as lisrht a fire as possible and also to avoid shaking the grate any more than is absolutely necessary. Wetting ths coal was .recommended. The observance of these and kindred rules at night as well as by day was enjoined. Advancement in the company's service Is made dependent largely on compliance with these regulations. Mr. Murphy furnishes the Railroad Ga zette with two photographs, one showing a train coming up a twenty-six-root grad at forty miles an hour and the other cllmblnsr a flfty-two-foot grade at sixty-one miles an hour. Only a faint wreatn of smoke ap pears in the former case and absolutely none in the latter. GOLD IX THE PHILIPPINES. Even Primitive Methods of Mining: Yield Surprising Results. Raymon Reyes Lala. In the Review of Re views. Up to the present time most of the gold has been found in the easily accessible dis tricts near the coasts, though the natives of the interior of Luzon, a region but little explored, traffic in the precious metal, which they evidently obtain from some or tne in land streams. As yet placer deposits are the chief source of the metal, which has been worn by tne rains xrora tne mountain ranges and borne down by rivulets and creeks to their lower channels. In certain replons there is not a stream, large or small, whose sands do not show the yellow trace or goia. wnne now and then natives of the interior offer heavy nuggets for sile. The gold thus burled in the river sands and gravels undoubtedly had ts source in the mountain ranges, whose quartz veins await the hand and eye of the cunning miner. They may be rich, they may be poor, only scientific study and exploration can tell. The principal grold-yleldlng region or Xuzon is the district of Mambulao. The metal has been found also In Mindanao, Mlndoro, lanay. Ce.bu and the smaller Islands of Samar, Catanduanes, Sibuyan, Bohol and Fanaon. One of the larger islands. Mln doro, gains its name from its gold deposits, it signifying "mina de ora" (gold mine.) The natives speak of places in its Interior which are rich In gold. The same is the case with the Interior of the large Island of Mindanao, where gold is so plentiful that the natives carry it about in bags for use in their ordinary buy ing and selling. Here are the Misamls placers, the richest in the archipelago, their yield to tne native miners being about lJ) ounces a month. Rich quartz veins are said to be known in this island, and there is one such vein in the small island of Panaon. lying north of Mindanao, but hitherto gold has been mmea principally In placer beds, and these not very rich, as compared with those of California. Personally I know little about tnese gold gravels, as I have seen onJy some of their results. They are so wide ly distributed and are worked in so desultory a manner that their actual richness is largely a matter of guesswork. As regards the mother veins I have made no search for them,- and I am quite sure that the Spaniards have not troubled themselves in this direction. They rest in virgin wealth, wait Ing in their pristine state the coming of the American mining prospector, ihey win have to be deeply hidden Indeed ir they es cane his nenetratintr eyes. In truth, at present only the edges of the gold districts have, as a rule, been worked. The absence of roads has proved an obstacle to the exploration of the Interior insuperable to the easy-going Spaniard. Tha natives make their way through tne cense forests, cutting a path as ther go, but these are tracks suited only to the naktd foot of the savage fortster. Mining outfits and machinery require roads of a different kind. Bridges will need to be built, highways constructed and railroads laid before these islands can be properly exploited, and all this means time, capital, energy and

enterprise. So doubtlc? for a number of years to come the gold must await its master. ELECTIIOLYMS OF WATER PIPES.

In Industrial Problem That Tniilr the Engineering; World. New Orleans Times-Democrat. "Electrolysis conftitutes one of the very greatest Industrial problems of the present day." sail Guy M. Oest, of PhiladeiphU. tne conduit expert, who sunennienaea u large part of the recent work in New Orleans. "I refer to its action on under ground piping, particularly iater mains. It is threatening scores of water systems through the country with total destruction and is causing the gravest apprehension among the large fire Insurance companies. The worst of it is that, in spite of the efxorts of some of the most eminent eiectricfcir.s of the world, no remedy has a yet been discovered." ThJs statement will be a surprise to the average reader, who has only a vague idea of what electrolysis really is. ilouffhiv exnlalned. the term is applied to the dissolving erosive effect of electric currents under certain conditions. For ex ample, a current "Jumps" from a trolley car track to a water pipe. At the point where it enters the piping A curious process of disintegration usually sets in. It is almost exactly like the action of a powerful acid. In a short time the metal becomes honeycombed with minute pores, which grow larger and larger until the spot affected gives way lil-.e a. piece of rotten wood, borne of the large mains taken out In different cities present a most remarkable appearance. They look like sections of petrlhea sponge and can be. pounded into powder with a tack hammer. The rapidity , of the destruction varies according to laws not thoroughly understood. Sometimes it is very slow and the mischief is tho work of years; again, under a current of precisely the same rower, a solid main thrie inches thick will be eaten through and through in a few months. Mr. Gest cited an instance of a service pipe at his home office which he was obliged to renew six times a year. The currents that cause the trouble come. nearly always, from trolley lines. Theoretically the electricity drawn down from tha overhead wires and in propelling the cars is supposed to return to the power house through the rails. But electricity, like everything else in this world, moves In lines of the least resistance, and sometimes the rails become overloaded. In such a case the current is apt to jump to any better conductor near at hand and continue on Its Journey, and usually that conductor is a water pipe, .With the customary Ingratitude of nature it repays the service by destroying the borrowed right of way. Th route of some reiurn currents, as traced by the disastrous trail of electrolysis, is frequently very furious. They will travel for a block or two on a water main, then Jump to a gas main, then back again to some cross section of water pipe, and finally return to the rail, always heading for the power house, lilce a homing pigeon. As all this goes on beneath the surface of the ground, the first intimation to the public is generally by the bursting of a main, which almost always occurs when extra water pressure is put on for a fire. Hence the imminent danger. Great conflagrations have occurred in several large cities during the past year because rotten pipes burst at a critical moment and the firemen were suddenly left without water. In such plac the work of patching Is continual, but then Is never any telling when the trouble will break out in a new spot. The Astor Pedigree. Roswell Field, In Chicago Post. The investigation of the Astor pedigree reveals nothing more decisive than that the American head of the house was the son of the village butcher at Walldorf. The claim that the family comes down from the noble house of d'Astorgas. of Spain, does not appear to be vindicated. Yet there Is nothing reprehensible in .descent from a villaue butcher, if he was a good and honest and humane butcher. In fact. It is quite as honorable to be descended from a butcher of cattle as from a butcher of men. and If William Waldorf Astor can show that his great-grandfather understood his business and relieved the wants of the community he has just cause for family pride. Genealogy is a rather ticklish study for the bluest of the blue bloods, and there is always danger, as has been humorously suggested, that If you follow the family line far enough you will find a knot at the end of 1L Most of us have good and sufficient reason to be ashamed of not a few of our ancestors, but s we never talk about them when we are discus-sine ancestry their shortcomings are mercifully hidden from the world. There are several millions of persons now on earth who come down In a direct line from llliam the Conqueror, but such is human reserve that William is the only ancestor that is prominently mentioned in conversation. a proceeding we regard wholly unjust to the estimable village butcners ana tauors wno may fill out the important chain. Canne of Strikes. Detroit Tribune. Borne of the Eastern newspapers ar try ing to place a finger on the cause or tn present labor troubles, ana alter canvassing ha xvat tax. the .lavish expenditures for public service and public Improvements, tho trust movement, ana a dozen otner prevailing conditions, they fail to diagnose tho oause. Labor trouwes are a sort oi siow barometer of business, which is not Influenced until after the exciting condition "hats been in operation for some time. During period of hard tiroes employers find their profits reduced to nothing, and they feel compelled to either reduce wages or to shut down. A reduction of wages breeds labor troubles. On the other hand when timet are flush, when factories are booming, and everybody Is employed, strikes are apt to occur. Business prosperity is as contagious as the gold fever. t,verybooy wants a piece of the good fortune. Demands are made for better pay, and the employers, feeling that the prosperity Is but temporary, look ahead to the time when a necessary r auction or. wages will probably bring on trouble. Ihey hesitate to -want the request. Employes naturally feel that the motive is a selfish desire to absorb all the benefits of properlty, and sometimes they walk out. such is the history of the times, and it requires good fortune as well as good management to steer clear of the rocks. The Chan are In the Cabinet. Northwestern Christian Advocate. Mr. Alger has beeen relieved and another secretary has been appointed. It has been said that the President sought a new secretary who is a good lawyer, because the proper rehabilitation and Americanizationof the Philippine islands require that kind of a man. It is not easy to see why an officer whose duties are supposed to be military should understand law. or why a supreme Judge should be selected because he is a good soldier. Meantime, we have a judicial department of government which' possibly could yield good lawyers to determine Philippine issues. We hopefully perceive one possibility, in that if the new secretary is absorbed by his law, the necessity for a tried general may appear and that he who is the military head of the army may 5ut on his uniform and take to the field, he best intimation we have seen recently Is to the effect that Secretary Root may order General Miles to his proper post, and insist that inferior officers shall obey and rcrrect hira Ills Face. Chicago Tribune. "Weil." asked the attorney for the prosecution, who was cross-examining the' defendant, "what did he do then?" Ile took out his handkerchief, for It was a hot day," replied the defendant, "and wiped his face off." Wiped It off? Wiped his face off? That was a pretty serious loss for him, wasn't it?" "Not very. A few minutes afterwards I put a head on him." notion neliearjr. Boston Transcript. That Hoirid Boy I saw Miss Puncheon on her wheel Jut now. She's a sight! She's got legs like the legs of a piano. That Correct Girl Thomas. I'm surprised that you should talk so. Why is it not Just as easy to say that Miss Puncheon is quite llmb-fatic? With Regrets. rhiladelphia North American. Blunt Who reads your poetry, anyhow? Billets Why, my dear sir. all the prominent magazine editors of the country, and many of the lesser lights on the dally and weekly papers. A Distinction. Harlem Life. Doctor Have you taken any remedy for this trouble? Iutient No. doctor: I have not: but I've taken a power of medicine. Hopeful, hut Not Confident. Detroit Tribune. Possibly the city will have time to nail down a few of the principal streets tfore the Hon. Tom L. Johnson takes up his residence here. Why So .Much Delay t Chicago Post. An Illinois couple met for th first time at 12:45 and were married at 2:30. It would be Interesting to know what occasioned the delay. lint Yon Needn't Delleve Him. Chicago News. A physician says the only wholesome part of the old-fashioned doughnut U th fccia.