Indianapolis Journal, Volume 49, Number 179, Indianapolis, Marion County, 28 June 1899 — Page 4

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 28, 1899.

DAILY JOURNAL

VEDNESDAY, JUNE 23, 1890. -ihlnjton Office 1503 Pennsylvania Avenue. y Tflfpbonp Call. Business Offce I Editorial Room IS -TKIOIS OP SUBSCRIPTION. DAILY BT HALL. Dally only, one month $ .79 Daily riy, three months 2.00 Daily only, one year S.OQ Iallr. lnt lu llnic Sunday, on year 11.00 Sunday only, one year 2.00 WHEN FURNISHED BY AGENTS. Iily. per week, by carrier IS cts Sunday, single copy 5 cts Dally and Sunday, per week, by carrier,... 20 cts WEEKLY. Per year $1.00 Reduced Rate to Claim. Subscribe with any cf our numerous amenta or end subscriptions to the JOURNAL NEWSPAPER COMPANY. Indlaaapolls, Ind. Persons sending the Journal through the mails In the Unltel Stat should put on an eliht-pape paper a ONE-CENT ptage stamp: on a twelve or sixteen-pare paper a TWO-CENT potaz stamp. Foreign poatafe is usually double these rates. AH communications intended for publication in this paper must. In order to receive attention, be accompanied by the name and address of the writer. THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL. Can be found at the following places: NEW YORK Astor House. CHICAGO Palmer House, P. O. News Co., 117 Dearborn street. Great Northern Hotel and Grand Pacific Hotel. CINCINNATI J. K. Hawley A Co.. 154 Vine street. LOUISVILLE C. T. Deerinr. northwest corner of Third and Jefferson streets, and Louisville Uooic Co.. 2C Fourth, avenue. BT. LOUIS TJnloa News Company, Union Depot. .WASHINGTON. D. C Rls House, Ebbltt House and Wlllard's Hotel. It la a pity there Is not a national hose connected with a continental fountain of unlimited volume and pressure, to be turned on Kentucky. The other European powers seem to have concluded that the Czar's disarmament scheme wee a trap Into which they respectfully decline to enter. The retirement, by invitation, of Dr. Harper, of the University of Chicago, from all connection with the Chautauqua Association seems to be regarded as the overthrow of a felonious educational trust. A golden girl from Colorado! She could cot h&sre "happened" three years ago. At any other ratio than IS to 1 it would have been made so hot for her that she would have melted before getting outside the StAte. In Cleveland, as elsewhere, when companies make provision to retain men who are brought In to take the places of strikers they are driven out one by one In spite of the efforts of the employers to retain them. The lines of the Americans extend sixty miles, instead of six. as stated yesterday, in Luzon, stretching from Imus south to Can Fernando north, which means that our troops hold the more Important part of the island. Now that ex-Governor Stone, of Missouri, has declared that anti-expansion cannot go into the next Democratic national platform, there are those who suspect him of designs upon the nomination upon which Mr. Bryan seems to have a "cinch." The conduct of the New York customs officers in subjecting a lady traveler to the humiliation of an examination and taking from her a hundred thousand dollars' worth of smuggled Jewels will undoubtedly cause the NewYork Post to throw half a dozen of Its celebrated fits. In New York a woman was sentenced to twelve years' imprisonment for assisting In kidnaping' a child; In Indiana a man got from two to twenty years for deliberately committing murder. Still better, the New York woman was convicted within three weeks of the commission of her crime. The latest scheme of wiping Great Britain off the face of the earth is one of the most amusing yet broached. The proposition to demolish her navy and commerce with privateers commissioned by Oom Paul Iger and manned with crews of IrishAmericans shows that the vorld has not yetioutgrown the era of wild Imagination. Former Governor Altgeld declares that the railroads are the breeders of trusts ; either Democrats attribute their parentage to the protective tariff, and still others to the gold standard. If they go on the parentage will be hard to trace, and the remedy they will find will be In the destruction of all the elements of prosperity. Just now the railroads suspect that the trusts are injuring their business. When a tramp comes to your door these days you may not exactly have an opportunity to entertain an angel unawares, but there is at least a chance of entertaining a "college professor or a minister of the gospeL This fashionof getting acquainted with the world on its seamy side has its embarrass-' log features for the hard-working, tax-paying citizens who have no love for tramps and go to the door prepared to say so. The grand review of 13,000 British regulars, occurring simultaneously with air. Chamberlain's warlike speech, in which he characterized the Transvaal government as a "festering sore that is poisoning the whole atmosphere of South Africa, was probably intended as a menace for President Kruger. No .doubt Great Britain would like to carry her points In the Transvaal without war if posdble. but if war is necessary it will be made with her usual energy and success. The clear detailed statement which Gen. Otis has made to the War Department will satisfy all those who do not believe that their plan for the management of the Philippines bears the stamp of infallibility. While a larger army may be needed when tha wet season shall end, he makes It clear tnat his army, when the regulars on the vray shall have arrived, will be sufficient for the present. It must be admitted that General Otls'a facilities for accurate information surpass those of the wisest men in this country whose military experience is confined to a brief sen-ice In a home guard. This city will be visited coon by an authorized representative from Philadelphia to ascertain what export articles manufactured fcere can be exhibited at the National Export Exposition to be held In Philadelphia from next Sept. 14 to Nov. 30. The expoeltlon will be conducted by an orginlzatlon which has for Its object the promotion, by criminal and effective methods, of the exportation of American products. Over three hundred of the leading chambers of commerce and trade associations of Europe, Couth Africa, India. Australia, China, Japan and other Asiatic countries will tend delegates, and 20.CCO business houses in foreign crtr!ra have been Invited to scad repre

sentatives. The managws of the exposition will endeavor to secure displays of every manufactured article that is In demand In foreign markets or for which a demand may be created. There are several such products in this city which rhoulJ be reprerented at the exposition. Congress thought well enough of the project to appropriate J-ToO.OOC towards it-

BRITISH CAPITAL IN CX'DA. From present indications English capital Is likely to secure the lion's share of business and commercial advantages in the reconstruction of Cuba. By rights they should go to American capital. Aside from the fact that the geographical position of Cuba and the facilities of trade between the two countries make it naturally tributary to the United States, the inestimable service which the Americans have done in liberating the Island from Spanish rule without the hope or prospect of any war indemnity should have entitled them to whatever business and commercial advantages were to pass under foreign control. Our military occupation and temporary control of the island gave us every advantage in this regard, but they have not been utilized. The British government and people are quieter to see and improve such opportunities than we are, and while we have been holding back for fear of commlting some Impropriety or laying ourselves open to the charge of trying to run things in Cuba, English capitalists have been acquiring control of the wealth-producing industries of the island. Merchants and financiers of New York who have business Interests in Cuba and are well informed as to the situation there say the commercial supremacy of the island is threatened by English capital. American Investors who were attracted by the brilliant prospects in Cuba at the conclusion of the war with Spain have been outbid by Englishmen, and syndicates which were formed in New York to exploit railways, mines, sugar estates and town Improvements all over the island have retired from the field. The treaty of peace was scarcely signed and the Spaniards were not yet out of the island before Great Britain sent over some of her best consuls, and they have devoted themselves to fostering British enterprises. It is said that in every port and in every city of prominence English agents were at work before Investigators from this country had reached conclusions, and existing rights which Spaniards were willing to sell passed Into the hands of the British. Their purchases include the entire railroad system in the island, which American experts say is worth more than any roads of like mileage in the United States. American capital was ready and anxiou3 to obtain possession of the roads, but it did not act with sufficient promptness and was not assisted or favored by the government, as British capital was. "While our officers were distributing rations to suffering Cubans and striving to convince them of the- honorable intentions of the Americans, British capitalists, aided by the British consuls, were quietly capturing the wealth of the island. It is said that information on these lines has been laid before President McKlnley and that he realizes that unless something Is done very quickly the commercial supremacy of Cuba will slip through our, fingers, and Americans will have only the empty honor of holding political control of the island until the establishment of Cuban government. We should have realized at the beginning that British capital is ever on the alert to utilize new commercial opportunities, and our government should have used all Its Influence and power in Cuba to give Americans every possible advantage in securing commercial supremacy in the island. That would have been found to be an important factor In Americanizing the Island, whereas British commercial supremacy may rrove potential In an opposite direction. TIME FOR ARBITRATION. There Is an Imminent prospect of a general strike in the tin-plate industry next Friday midnight, involving the closing of all the mills in the country and thro.vfng 40.00") men out of employment. The business Is now conducted as a trust, the American Tin-plate Company controlling all the mills In the United States. Its capitalization is 50,0,000, and of the two hundred and seventy-six mills which it controls fifty-two are In Indiana, which ranks next to Pennsylvania in tho manufacture of tin-plate. The present trouble grows out of a demand by the workers for a 20 per cent, increase of wages,' the company offering 10 per cent. A four days conference in Chicago between representatives of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers and officials of the trust resulted on Monday In a disagreement, with the prospect cf a strike as stated. Of the 40,000 men who would be thrown out of employment by the clewing cf the mills 25,000 are skilled workman and the rest ordinary laborers. The fact that the company offered an advance of 10 per (ent. In wages against a demand of 20 per cent, would Indicate that a basis of t ompromlse might bo reached if the matter is taken hold of promptly by some board of Arbitration. The tin-plate industry, like all others, is prosperous at present, but the workers ought to be sure they are Justified in demanding as large an Increase as 20 per cent, in wages before Insisting upon it to the extent of striking. Now is the time to arbitrate, before bad feeling and stuobornness have been engendered on both t ides by a strike. According to the last report of the Bureau of Statistics the amount of capital Invested in the tin-plate industry in Indiana in 1S93 was $1,770,000; the value of stock used was $1,458,6$0; the value of goods made, fcwl,lt7; the amount of wages paid, J1.312.S74; the number of employes was 2,774. Tho lowest wages paid to skilled tin workers In 1S0S was $1.90 per day and the highest was $9.06 per day, the average being $5.48 per day, against $3.30 per day In 1S97. FAR3IERS AND TRUSTS. Since the discussion concerning trusts began the common opinion has been that the farmers of the country would be practically unanimous in favor of "smashing" them. It has been taken for granted that great combinations for the purpose of controlling the production and prices of particular commodities were so antagonistic to the ethics and practice In vogue among farmers that, to a man, they would be in favor of abolishing all trusts. There Is a good deal of human nature in farmers, and perhaps It may turn out that, like many other people, they are opposed to all the trusts they are not in. If it should prove that sweeping anti-trust laws would hit agricultural as well as commercial combinations the farmers who are Interested In such combinations may think twice before demanding such legislation. Mr. George K. Holmes, assistant statistician of the Agricultural Department, read a paper before the Industrial Commission, a few days ago. In which he took the ground that many of the organizations among farmers are essentially trusts. As examples of agricultural trusts he cited

.the Milk Producers Union, which supplies

Boston with milk and fixes the price at which it shall be sold; the California Fruit Growers' Association, which controls the classification,- transportation and sale of the fruit products of California; the California Wine Growers' Association, which does the same thing with the wines of that State; the fruit growers' associations of western New Yorc. of New Jersey, Florida, Ohio. Michigan and elsewhere. lie said this trust movement was getting a strong foothold among the farmers and was apparently regarded by them as bentficlal to their Interests. ' As producers and shipper the farmers and fruit growers greatly outnumber any other class, and If combination and organization are found profitable In other lines of business, why not In theirs? The point now made Is that farmers who have experienced the benefits of such combinations are not likely to favor anti-trust legislation that would sweep them all out of existence. WEEKLY PAYMENTS OF WAGES. A labor trouble now on between the American Car and Foundry Company, at Jeffersonville, and Its employes presents some unusual features. It grows out of a demand by the employes for weekly payment of wages, which Is met by an offer of the company to pay every two weeks. An act of the last Legislature provides that "every person, company, corporation or association employing any person to labor, shall make 'weekly payments for the full amount due for such labor or service, In lawful money of the United States to within six days or less of the time of such payment." The evident Intent of the law is to make weekly payments of wages universally obligatory where there is no written agreement or contract to the contrary. The law provides, however, that "the labor commissioners of the State, after notice and hearing, may exempt any employer whose employes prefer a less frequent payment from paying Its employes weekly if, in the opinion of the said commissioners, the interests of the public and of such employes will not suffer thereby." This gives the labor commissioners power to authorize the payment of wages biweekly, or monthly, if the employes desire it. The question is whether they can do so at the desire of a majority of the employes or of any numte-r less than all. In this case they seem to have authorized biweekly payments on a petition or statement by a majority. An official of the company says: Some of the men are doubtful about the exemption we have in the payment 0f wages. But they need not labor under a misapprehension. More than 60 per cent, of the employes signed the petition Lo receive their money every two weeks. It is impracticable to pay several hundred men every week. We are anxious to assist cur employes in every reasonable way, but reason should rule. There" Is some reason In this, but the law Is explicit In requiring weekly payments to all employes except such as may prefer a less frequent payment. A mechanic in the blacksmith department of the Car and Foundry Company says: On Saturday as many as 1.000 men stood in front of the office waiting for their money. It is not Justice to say three hundred or four hundred men were there. We expected to get our money every week, and we intend to have It. The law says we shall. If the car works people sent a petition to Indianapolis containing the signatures of more than CO per cent, of tho employes agreeing to two weeks' payments we would like to see It. It strikes me that there must be "dummies" In that list. This statement goes to the heart of the case. Workingmen and mechanics who labor for wages are entitled to frequent payments.' They need their wages to pay bllU with. They should not be required to give their employers more than one week's work in advance. The law says they shall be paid weekly. That is none too often, and the period of payment should nut be lengthened without the consent in writing, not merely of a majority, but of every wage earner. The laborer is worthy of his hire, and he is worthy of It at least as often as once every week. Man may hold up his head and take courage. He has at least one friend in the Woman's International Council. He may, indeed, count on two. Miss Anthony herself, on Monday, went so far as to say that she had not given up faith in men, but believed they had a great future. Gratifying as this statement Is, it cannot, however, be regarded as warmly encouraging, Miss Anthony having hitherto expressed so unfavorable opinion of the voting sex that her words of apparent commendation have a tinge of sarcasm quite painful to the sensitive masculine soul. It is Madame Antoinette Sterling to whom men should at once proceed to throw bouquets. Madame Sterling is openly and avowedly in favor of man, and declared "with emotion" that the other speakers were too hard on him. Women, she said, only realized the full value of a husband when the latter was lost. This Is undoubtedly true, because women do not always know what the amount of Insurance is until after the husband is lost or at least gone before but It was kind of Madame Sterling to . call attention to this post-mortem feature of man's usefulness. She herself recognizes merit In him living and would have others see him as she does. With the courage of her convictions she pleaded his cause In a gathering whose purpose Is to set him even further In the background than he is at present She may gain him no friends, but she should have credit for her efforts. One of these' days when men rise in their might and kick off the feminine yoke Professor Harry Peck says they will do it with violence if necessary they should remember Madame Sterling, end, in readJusting the feminine shackles, give her a medal and extend to her assurances of their highest consideration. It is Just possible that not every one who has read the announcement of the approaching visit to this city of Mrs. Katherine Tingley and her "cabinet" may know what is the character of the "Universal Brotherhood," of which she Is the leader and official head. By way of enlightenment the Journal offers the following definitions taken from the latest issue of the Universal Brotherhood Magazine, a periodical of which Mrs. Tingley Is the chief editor. Mr. Neresheimer, an associate editor and president of the cabinet, says; Universal brotherhood Is not spiritualism, occultism, or, in fact, any of the "isms." It was organized for the people of the earth and taught the highest philosophy the philosophy of life, which Is In all books. In all religious Scriptures, but essentially in the human heart and soul. Tho proof of the strength of the soul lies In the fact that as people grow older the mind grows more self-assertive. Man is the apex of evolution. He is an intellectual being and not a jumble or a chaos. The philosophy of life came Into existence by a natural realization of those self-evident truths. Then comes Mrs. Tingley herself, who says: Universal Brotherhood Is the mighty force of the nineteenth century which moves and touches the minds of men and will carry It Into the next century. One great thing that we teach Is the "heart doctrine. ' which is all that can be really depended on. Humanity has taught too much of the letter and too little of the spirit of things. There are different doctrines, all claiming to be the keynote to the real life, but the "heart doctrine" more nearly approaches the ideal. Wherever the heart rules spirituality is, for the heart Is the seat of the soul. . These definitions, being from the highest official source, ought to be explanatory and satisfactory. At all events, if any one, after

reading them, does not know exactly what Universal Brotherhood Is, it is not the Journal's fault. t

The best of guessers could not have told for a while whether the Kentucky Democrats would resort first to bullets or ballots. The natural inbred Kentucky tendency to turn everything into a sporting event was not solely the cause of the Lexington people's flecking to Louisville to see the fun. The event has some intrinsic merits as an attraction, the same as other prlzs fights. Queen" Natalie, late of Servia, will, It Is said, "devote her saddened life to literature," and is now said to be composing an autobiographical romance sad, of course. Headers of romance Would be glad if all persons, royal and otherwise, who arc moved to embalm their woes In print would experience a change of heart and go to raising vegetables. The International Council of Women can point with pride to the Czarina, who offered another daughter as a hostage to fortune on the very day the council met this, too, when all Russia is wishing for an heir to the throne. When a Kentucky policeman i3 said to have drawn a revolver it is always understood that he didn't draw it at a lottery. It is wrong publicly to encourage boys In the reading of blood-and-thunder novels. Besides, it is superfluous. BUBBLES IN THE AIR. Wfaat the Christians Called Him. Teacher What is your Christian name, little boy Little Isaac Einstein Sheeny Ike. Not Worth It. Barnes Tormer It Is my art I love. It Is not the sordid wealth I care for. Tighe Walker Well, the UUle we get is not worth caring for. He MIsut Get a Share. Sociologist What are your views on the division of labor? Weary Watkins-If you mean dividln it all up again, I ain't In for it. . She Knew Better. Mary Agnes We had a fotne time to the Caseys last night. OI an me partner win wan game av slven-up and Beezle Casey an her partner the other wan. Mrs. Wickwlre I should have thought you would have played the rubber. "Oi hope Oi know me manner better than thot." The Cam pa I n In the Philippine. John Barrett, In Review of Reviews. If I wero asked what was my direct Impression as to the results of our campaign so far, I could faithfully answer that, considering the shortness of time during which we have been operating, the character of the country over which we have had to light, and the strength and organization of the enemy, which they had perfected through long months of waiting, It has been a thoroughly successful one. People in America, not understanding the conditions, expect too much. When we think that wo made practically no campaign outside of Manila until the middle of March, that we have penetrated Into the very heart of tho enemy's country with a record of continuous successful engagements during the hottest and worst months of the year, it is more fitting that we should congratulate our forces on their splendid record. In view of all conditions we cannot fairly expect that the end of the conflict should come before the next dry season. Let us be reasonably patient, keeping In mind the work that already has been done, and give our commanders and soldiers that support and confidence v hich they desire and need. Gen. Otis should be provided with all the soldiers he requires, and the people of the United States should stand by the government in asking for volunteers If they are needed, but unless unforeseen developments follow It is probable that General Otis will be able to carry the war to a concusion with his present rejjfn.ents recruited to their full limit. ' Beware of Mosquitoes. New York Evening Post'. V Mosquitoes are now accused of conveying not only malaria, but leprosy, yellow fever and other contagious diseases, though it is certain that they must share the burden with lile:j and other insects that come into contact with sewage that has not been disinfected, and afterwards contaminate the food. The experiences In our army camps last summer proved that sufficiently. The important lesson to be drawn from this constituting a great advance in medical science is that visible Insects are as dangerous foes to our health as tho much-discussed microscopic bacilli. Flies can be easily made harmless by simply disinfecting the sewage where it remains exposed to the air. Mosquitoes are less easily dealt with. Drainage and cultivation of swampy soil help to dlminsh their numbers, and petroleum or permanganate of potassium have been found useful in killing the larvae in the water. But mosquito nets and veils in dangerous localities are the only things to be relied on Implicitly. Perhaps the most Important result of all these investigations Is the lesson that what is dangerous in the malarial regions Is not the night air, but the nocturnal mosquitoes. Windows may therefore be left open safely provided there Is a screen or a mosquito net, and the popular delusion that night air Is In itself dangerous has received its death blow after having shortened the lives of millions of people. A Xesrro Advice to Ills Countrymen. Booker Washington in Popular Science Monthly. I believe the permanent cure for our present evils will come through a property and educational teft for voting that shall apply honestly and fairly to both races. This will cut off the large mass of ignorant voters of both races that Is now proving so demoralizing afactor in the politics of the Southern States. But most of all it will come through Industrial development of the negro. It is for this reason that I have believed in General Armstrong's theory of industrial education. In the first place, industrial education makes an intelligent producer of the negro, who becomes of immediate value to the community rather than one who yields to the temptation to live merely by politics or other parasitical employments. In the next place. Industrial development will make the negro soon become a property holder, and when a citizen becomes a holder of property he becomes a conservative and thoughtful voter. He is rroing to think about the measures and individuals to be voted for. In proportion as the negro increases his property interests fce becomes important as a taxpayer. When the negro becomes a large taxpayer he will see that it is to his Interests to consult with his white neighbor about the measures to te voted for. Mrs. Barnctfa Whereabouts. Washington Post. Mrs. Frances Hodgson Burnett, who will return to her Massachusetts-avenue house next fall, is now at her country place In England, where she proposes entertaining a series of American visitors during July and August. Mrs. Burnett's place is Maythen Hall In Kent, and one of the most beautifully situated estates In all that fertile country. She is busily engaged in writing a long and serious novel, the name of which has not been decided upon, but the book Is expected to be in the hands of the publisher before autumn. Mrs. Burnett proposes making a visit of some length to Denver, Col . during the coming winter, to be with her son Vivian, the original Lord Fauntleroy. who was graduated from Harvard a year ago. and is beginning his Journalistic career la the Colorado city. Trade -vrltn Rniiia. New York Financier. Since Russia has seen proper to award to American rail manufacturers' a contract larger than ever given to a single Industry it ii not anticipating too much to say that the claims of superiority which manufacturers of engines and other equipment are able to advance will meet with proper recognition. While the whole matter Is one of closest business competition, there is soraethtng to stir the fancy in the thought that American Industry, in furnishing the'mean and material for completing the great Transslberian Railway, is also opening an avenue by which the Western States, lying as thev do nearest the Eastern terminus of the road, will be able to grasp an opportunity heretofore denied them of extending their trade relations in a field that lies invitingly opep. White Honse Lemon Tree. Washington Star. The lemon and orange trees of the White House have been put out in the Funshine for a vacation from the greenhouses. These trees are of great interest to the few visitors who see them. There are five or six orange trees and three or four lemon, and they are all bearing fruit at this time of

the year. The lemon trees produce splendid specimens of fruit, large and Juicy. On the largest tree is a cluster of three lemons. Thev are larger than any found In the Washington markets. The orange trees are likewise doing their duty. Some of the orange trees are purely ornamental. Thev are not over two feet high and bear small oranges unfit to eat. The larger ones, the tallest being about five feet six Inches, bear luscious. Juicy oranges which are sometimes placed before the President and his wife. The largest tree is twenty years old. to Is the largest lemon tret, which is about Fix feet tall. These trees have been at the White House that number of years. NICHOLAS II DISAPPOINTED.

Wanted a Boy Heir to the Throne Instead of Another Girl Baby. Chicago Tribune. The birth of a daughter to the Czar and Czarina has a deep political significance that cannot fail to have a direct bearing upon Russia's future policy. Had a son been born yesterday he would, should he have lived. In course of time become Emperor of Russia, and would have been reared under the political influence of the present Czar, thus practically Insuring a continuation of the enlightened, progressive policy of Nicholas II While the government of Russia Is an absolute hereditary monarchy, and while the will of the Emperor is law, yet he cannot transfer his throne to his daughter. There are certain rules of government which the sovereigns of the present reigning house have acknowledged to be binding. One of these is the law of succession to the throne, which, according to a decree of the Emperor Paul, of the vear 1797, is that of regular descent, by right of primogeniture, with preference of male heirs. Under this Inexorable rule, which the present Czar cannot alter without civil war, none of his three children will ever occupy his throne, for they are all daughters. The eldest daughter of the Czar is Olga, born Nov. 15. 1SS3. His second child wat Tatiana, born June 11, 1S-7; his third and last born yesterday. If the present Czar should die before a son is bom to him his successor would be his brother, the Cirand Duke George, born In 1S71. But George Is an invalid, and !t If a generally accepted fact in Europe that ho will never be fitted, physically or mentally, for the duties of the crown. After the Grand Duke George the succession naturally falls to the Grand Iuke Michael, now in his twenty-first year. Both the grand dukes, George and Michael, are whollv under the influence of their mother, the dowaser Empress Maria Dagmar, widow of Emperor Alexander III, now in her fifty-second year. , , This data in connection with the reigning family of Russia possesses important political significance, which may change the future history of Europe to a marked degree, and as any radical change in Russian policy mav vitallv affect every great European power, all the world is naturally concerned. There are no political parties In Russia, as the term Is understood in the rest of the world, but there are rival factions at court which serve the purpose admirably. At present there are two of these rival parties or factions. One Is headed by the dowager Empress, and her influence is almost equal to that of the Czar. Attached to her Is, first of nil, M. Pobyedonosheff.. procurator general of the Holy Synod, whose influence in the empire is wide. Next in the dowager Empress party Is Count Mouravieff, minister of foreign affairs, and General Kroupatkin, minister of war. Another influential member of the dowager Empress's party is M. Bogolepoff. minister of public Instruction, while M. Goremykln, minister of the interior, also favors the reactionary policy. It will be readily seen here is a powerful faction, embracing, as it does, the administration of the church, the army and the schools. It Is known as the reactionary party, and it represents all the despotism and Illiteracy of Russia under the old Emperor. Opposed to the reactionary party is the progressive party, with the Czar at Its head. His stanchest supporter is M. De Wltte, the Russian minister of finance, and by every consideration the leading statesman of the empire. Associated with him In frogressive councils is Prince Hilkoff. minster of railways, and the Grand Duke Constantlne Constanttnovitch. The Czar's party is In the minority, and the dowager Empress is really wielding more Influence in the government of Russia than the Czar. This political situation in Russia explains why so many wise, humane and progressive features of the Czar's policy are proposed but never carried out. The Czar's oiuers are quietly ignored, and policies which he does not favor are persistently pushed forward. Left to himself the Czar would issue decrees for the amelioration of the peasant classes, for the aid of depressed agriculture, for more liberal education. His dealings with foreign powers would be more candid and direct. But the Czar promises what his minister of foreign affairs quietly, but noDe the less firmly, declines to fulfill. The Czar's plans for more liberal education for the masses are not executed by his minister of public instruction. His minister of war is so firmly attached to the dowager Empress that it is even doubted the Czar could count on the support of his armies. All efforts of the Czar for the amelioration of tho agricultural classes have been as firmly opposed by his minister of the interior. This situation, almost Intolerable as it is to the present Czar, exists only because he has no male heir. Up to yesterday his children were both girls and barred from the throne. All of his hopes centered In the event of yesterday, which he had hoped would have added a son to his household and given to Russia a direct heir to the throne. Yesterday, however, brought him only keen disappointment. The reactionary party in his Cabinet are able to flaunt his misfortune in his face, because it is well known that in the event of his. death the crown will pass to his brother George, who is directly under the Influence of the dowager Empress. If the present Czar dies George will be the nominal Czar, but his mother, the widow of Alexander III, will be the actual ruler. She is a woman in the prime of life, born to command. Had a son been born last Monday the dowager Empress's power would have been reduced to nothing in a moment. The Czar would have been Czar In fact as in name, and the ministers who now openly defy him, oppose his will and refuse to execute his policy would have been at his feet. CURE FOR SOUTHERN LYNCIIINGS. Booker Washington Offers Ills View on the Subject. Popular Science Monthly. As to the cure for such outbreaks as have recently hurt North Carolina and South Carolina, I would say that the remedy will not come by the Southern white man's being merely cursed by the Northern white man or by the negro. Again, it will not come by the Southern white man merely depriving the negro of his rights and privileges. Both of these methods are but superficial, irritating, and must in the nature of things be short lived. The statesman, to cure an evil, resorts to enlightenment, to stimulation; the politician to repression. I have Just remarked that I favor the giving up of nothing that is guaranteed to us by the Constitution of the United States, or that is fundamental to our citizenship. While I hold to these views as strongly as any one. I differ with some as to the method of securing the permanent and peaceful enjoyment of all the privileges guaranteed to us by our fundamental law. In finding a remedy, we must recognize the world-wide fact that the negro must be led to see and feel that he must make every effort possible In every way possible to secure the friendship, the confidence, the co-opera-tlon of his white neighbor In the South. To do this. It is not necessary for the negro to become a truckler or a trimmer. The Southern white man has no respect for a negro who does not act from principle. In some way the Southern white man must be led to see that it is to his interest to turn his attention more and more to the making of laws that will in the truest sense elevate the negro. At the present moment. In many cases, when one attempts to get the negro to co-operate with the Southern white man, he asks the question, "Can the people whe force me to ride In a Jim Crow car, and pay first-class fare, be my best friends?" In answering such questions, the Southern white man as well as the negro has a duty to perform. Faith In Americanism. Washington Post. The Post does not believe the American people will abandon the Philippines until the inhabitants show capacity to govern themselves. It does not believe any party will go to the people with a demand for auch abandonment. As the American people are practically a unit In favor of establishing our authority In the Islands, and as there Is no probability that the inhabitants will be qualified to maintain a government of their own for some centuries, what is the use of trying to raise an issue on expansion. Bryan's Metaphysics. New York Tribune. A Nebraskan admirer of Bryan extols the metaphysical subtlety as well as the political wisdom of his speeches. Metaphysics has been defined as a hole In a sandbank; a storm comes and washes the bank away, leaving the hole sticking out. It that be the Bryan kind the eulogy of his admirer is not to be wondered at. and Nebraska is the best possible field for its purveyance. Dewey Loop. Washington Post. When Admiral Dewey executed a loop in order to give his men time for breakfast he came dangerously near the Sampsonlan idea of reprehensible conduct.

MOORS AND CHRISTIANS

LATTER ARE BADLY TREATED BY TUB NATIVES OF MOROCCO. Moslems Think It Is Plons to Spit Upon and Kill Missionaries Outrage on an American Family. Henry Collins Walsh's New York Letter in St. Louis Republic. It appears that the United States will soon have another cesa of damages against the empire of Morocco. It was only a few weeks ago that the Sultan was obliged to pay $S,000 damages for Insults and injuries offered by his subjects to American citizens. Payment of these damages was enforced by the appearance of a United States war ship off the Bay of Tangier, and now the news has come that our consul general is about to make a further claim for damages in consequence of the treatment received by an American missionary and his family at the hands of the Bascha of Mequlnez. The missionary was expelled from the city and had to live in a tent outside the city gates, where he was subjected to insult at the hands of a mob. He once rode over a great portion of Morocco on horseback and knew the country pretty welL Were it not for Morocco leather and an occasional outbreak or some account of outrages against Christians It Is probable that we would never hear of Morocco, bo apart from the world in general are the country and the people. To Its people Morocco is the center of the universe, and only few other countries are known to them even by name. On the other band, we know little of Morocco, though aa a rigid custodian of the past, as a fossilized remnant of bygone ages it has a remarkable interest. Tho people of Morocco are supposed to number about 7,000,000, for no adequate census has ever been taken. They are made up of Berbers, the ancient inhabitants, Arabs, or Moors, Israelites, negroes and a few Europeans. The Berbers have kept themselves comparatively free from Arab intermixture. The Arabs, the conquering race, hold, together with the Hebrews, the wealth and commerce of the country within their hands. The Hebrews number about 300,000 and are descended for the most part from those who were exiled in Europe during the middle ages. The negroes come from the Sudan, and many of them are slaves. Over these diverse hosts the Sultan rules with an absolute And autocratic sway. Though there are certain wild portions of Morocco, such as the district of Bus, where the Sultan is ablo to enforce his authority only at the head of an invading army, still for the most part no one questions the divine authority of the sovereign. Morocco has one of those despotic and tyrannical governments which are only to be found where the spiritual and secular power is vested in the person of one man. PRINCE OF THE FAITHFUL. The Sultan is the supreme executor and originator of all law, the executive, the Supreme Judge, the high priest, or grand sheriff. He styles himself "Prince of the Faithful." As successor of the Caliphs of Cordova he does 'not in any way recognize the spiritual authority of the Sultan of Turkey. He claims descent from Mohammed and proclaims himself the "High Priest of Islam." The Sultan in absolute master of the possessions and lives of his subjects, and takes either as he pleases, and is free to change money, taxes, weights and measures at his will. Commerce is checked by governmental monopolies and restrictions upon exports and imports. Manufacturers, restricted by the bonds laid upon commerce, have diminished rather than Increased with the progress of the centuries, and agriculture is so loaded with taxes and hampered in exportation of produce that it exists only in a desultory and precarious fashion. The farmers hide their harvests in pits, but they are seized by the rapacious minions of the Sultan. The separate provinces and districts' and more important towns are governed by kalds, or sheiks, who are appointed directly by the Sultan. They generally buy their places, and then force all they can out of the people under them. They are supposed to turn over all their collections to the Sultan, but, of course, they manage to get a "rake-off," though many a- kald has lost his head for withholding money. The title of kaid, the only official one, with the exception of "bascha," Is applied equally to a governor of a province or of a small village. A kaid may have under him a great number of lesser kalds, or he may simply command a single village. The title "sheik" Is equivalent to "kaid," and is in use principally among the Berbers. The title "bascha" is only given to governors of importance. The Mohammedans have no law of succession; therefore, there exists no rule with regard to this in Morocco. The present Sultan, Mula Azziz, is a younger son of the previous Sultan, Sldl Mahommed, who was also a second son. Mula Azziz is only nineteen years of age, and has been reigning with the assistance of a grand vizier since he was twelve. His elder brother Is a confirmed drunkard, and this militated against his chances of mounting the throne, for the Koran prohibits all wine . bibbing. The elder brother is incarcerated in a Moorish dungeon to keep him out of temptation and from raising political disturbances. PIOUS TO KILL A CHRISTIAN. The Sultan, being the state, is always mulcted for damages when an outrage against some European or American ts committed. Of course, the amount comes from the pockets of the people, but the Sultan does not like to be troubled about such matters. Consequently, he often inflicts severe punishment upon such subjects as have laid him open to a claim of damages for Insults or injuries offered to some citizen of a state powerful enough to enforce Its demands. This fact constitutes the safety of the sojourners In Morocco, for the Moors believe it is a pious and laudable act to kill or Injure a Christian. Indeed, the traveler in Morocco must learn to put up with Insults, for the further he penetrates into the interior the more he is liable to be cursed and spat at by fanatical Moslems. The very children curse and turn to spit at the dog of an unbeliever, for they have been brought up to believe that this is the proper way of saluting a Christian and of demonstrating the superiority of the Moslem faith. . , tiI Morocco has three capital cities the City of Morocco, called Maraka6h by the Moors, the sacred city of Fez and Mequinez. The Sultan resides at different times in each of these cities, and that city is the capital for the time being in which the Sultan resides. Each city is divided into three sectlcns the Kasbah, which contains the Sultans palace and its adjuncts; the Madlnah, a Moorish civilian quarter, and the Mellah, or Hebrew quarters. As the Sultan takes about with him an army of 30.000 soldiers and attendants, to say nothing of a numerous and constantly increasing harem, the Kasbah takes up a considerable section of each city. Hebrews are subjected to many restrictions. When they leave their own quarters they cannot ride, but must walk barefooted, and they must always dress in dark raiment, differing from that of the Moors. Their religion is their great band of union, and the Hebrews are as fanatical in their way as the Moors, so that foreign missionaries find It Just as hard a row to hoe in the Mellah as in the Medinah. A Hebrew or a Moor who abjures his religion and embraces Christianity becomes an outcast among his people, an object of hatred and contempt. Every Insult is heaped upon him. and his life itself is In constant danger. Converts to Christianity, therefore, are almost unheard of. While I was In Morocco the Sultan had made his capital in Morocco City, and here I spent several weeks after days of hard horseback riding from the coast town of Mogador. In Morocco City I met a little band of Scotch Presbyterian missionaries, who have a mission house in the heart of the Medinah. For years they have been endeavoring to turn the footsteps of both Moor and Hebrew away from mosque and synagogue towards the Christian Church, but, according to their own statements, they have had no success. The faith of the Moor and the faith of the Hebrew is far stronger than that of the average Christian. Their religion Is the dominant factor in the dally life of both Moor and Hebrew. It is interwoven with every thought and every action. Root it out and there is but little left to build a new faith upon. So far the appeal of the missionaries has been mainly on the physical side they nurse and care for the sick. A Moor or a Hebrew may come to the mission to seek aid for some bodily 111, but he does not seek spiritual advice or assistance. Pedagogical Idiocy Kansas City Journal. The pedagogue Is in a constant race with himself to see how he may excel hii last Idiocy. We are not talking of teachers, but

of pedagogues. Pedagogues get up most cf the questions for teachers' examinations. Here are some "test questions" printed In the lat number of the Western School Journal. We do not hold the editor of that Journal responsible for them, though we wonder that he does not roar aloud: "Two lakes are due north of the source of a great river in the United States. The boundary cf a Stato passes through one of the lakes. Name the river and the lakes." "A line drawn due north from the southeastern coaFt of a republic to a large Island belonging to a country in Europe passes through the republic, through the mouth of a great liver and through an ocean; name all." Will some pedagogue explain to the suffering poblic for it ti through such sieves as this that the teachers of our children have to pass what the use of such questions IsT COMPULSORY VACCIXATIO!!.

Its Merits Will Be Judicially Deter mined on Evidence Presented. Philadelphia Evening Item. The advocates of compulsory vaccination In schools, in order that children shall be eligible for admission for public Instruction, receivea a severe set back yesterday, when the case involving the point in controversy was brought up In court. Tho case was that of Held vs. MeGlumpyj in which the question as to the right of the Legislature to pass a law reaulring chlldreni to te vaccinated, as a prerequisite to admission to any public or private school, was argutd in Court of Common Pleas No. i" before Judges Pennypacker, Sultzberger and v ntDanK. The case is In the form of a retition for an alternative mandamus, directed tot Adelaide McGlumpy. principal of the Key stone Grammar School, Nineteenth and. Ludlow streets. In the city of Philadelphia, to appear on a certain day and show cause why Victoria Field, daughter of the plaintin. Charles J. Field, should not be admitted into the school as a pupil without being first vaccinated. The case has been pending before the court for some months. It is dtecretionary with the court whether to issue the writ or not. At th flrat hearing the court directed that affidavits in Burport of the petition should be filed. Attorney C. Oscar Beasley presented to. the court yesterday a number of affidavits by some of the most distinguished physicians of all schools of medicine in Europe and America. In these affidavits the doctors declare that there is no scientific basis for vaccination, and that it does not prevent smallpox or its Fpread. The affidavits also show a great number of diseases that have followed vaccination. including many deaths. The affidavits or fathers whose children died from the effects of vaccination werepresented. In the argument. Mr. Beasley contended tl at the police power of the State could); only be exercised for the benefit of the publie. and that if the requirements of any alleged health regulations. Instead of producing good produced only evil, such regulations were unconstitutional and could not stand. . . . . Mr. Beasley contended that there was more evil produced from vaccination than from smallpox, and that he had proof of it and could present the proof to the court. President Judge Fennypacker inquired of Mr. Beasley whether or not the Legislature would not have the right to prohibit a child afflicted with measles from attending the public schools. Mr. Beasley replied that, undoubtedly, the Legislature could prohibit children afflicted with contagious diseases from attending the public schools, but that this was not the question in -the present case. The present law attempts to keep healthy children away from the schools not sick ones. Tho present law tiUo claim the right to inflict a positive disease vaccinia upon a healthv child, because said child may, in the remote future, get the smallpox. This Is a very different thing from keeping sick children away fiom the schools. The Constitution of Pennsylvania gives positive and absolute right to the plaintiff to send his child to the public schools. This right cannot be taken away under any pretended exercise of police power, wherein mutilation and disease are fpread through the community under pretense of vaccination. Mr. Beasley contended that vaccination was condemned by the facta of science, and by the enlightened medical opinion of the world. Judge Sultzberger asked if the Legislature had not settled the question by passing the law. Mr. Beasley replied by saying that the Legislature could not dispose of the lives and liberty of the public contrary to the Constitution: that vaccination was an assault wherein the Individual was wounded, and wherein blood was let; that the Legislature had no such power, especially in the teeth of the positive constitutional rights to the contrary. After consultation the court ordered that the writ of alternative mandamus should issue. The school principal must now file an answer to the allegations contained in the affidavits presented by Mr. Beasley. Thus, for the first time in any court of Justice in the world, the merits of vaccination will be Judicially determined on evidence pro and con. In all other cases that have hitherto been before the courts, no evidence was produced showing the evils of vaccination. All decisions hitherto have been upon technical points. The present case will compel the supporters of vaccination to come into court affirmatively, show what vaccination Is, and prove what they claim for It, If they can. Mr. Beasley feels very hopeful of ultimately winning the case, and thus assist in removing this terrible evil. Last year, after a long fight, the British, Parliament repealed the compulsory vaccination law in England, after having taken testimony before the royal commission for seven years. This commission, In Its final report, presented last year to the British Parliament, conclusively demonstrated that compulsory vaccination was unwarranted by reasons of the evils and injustice it brought to the Individual. THE USEFUL BICYCLE. It Has Taken a Distinctive Place In the Social Economy. New York Post. There is a quite general belief in this country that bicycling is diminishing rather than increasing, but It Is doubtful if the number of bicycles in actnal use Is not larger to-day than ever berxe- There has been a shifting in the classes of people who use them. Many who took up the exercise as a "fad," or because of Its novelty, have abandoned it for golf or other sport, but at the same time a new and larger class of riders, induced mainly by the advent of the cheap bicycle, has arisen, to more than make good the deficiency. So it Is the world over, apparently, for at a recent Internanational Cyclists' Congress in London thirteen different nations were represented. nd their deliberations were considered of sufficient Importance to entitle them to a leading article in the London Times, in which many interesting statements concerning the popularity and social influence cf the bicycle were made, among them that about one hundred members of Parliament belong to a cyclists' club. In its reflections on the subject the Times called attention to the share which the cyclist is to have in the work of the world as well as In Its amusements, saying: "The fact that almost every one can at small cost travel three or four times as fast and as far as before Is already producing great industrial changes, and others must follow. In town and elsewhere. The country doctor begins to make his rounds, the rector his. visits, the tax gatherer his demands, by means of the cycle. The tradesman takes his orders and executes therm by means of the modern shoes of swiftness. They are now the mainstay of many a country house. The clerk or workman reaches his suburban house, except in bad' weather, on wheels. Not a few things go more smoothly now that they go on wheels. We are only at the beginning of considerate ecor.cmir. and social changes, all ascrlbable to the ubiquitous 'safety,' which has already done more for the worklngman since Its introduction than legislation and philanthropy combined during the same period. It Is hard to say where its influence ends." BACILLI IY TELEPHONES. Preventive Appliance on Health Oflft instruments. New York Post. To some of the telephones In use In the health department there has been attached over the mouthpiece a device for disinfecting It. This device consists of a simple plate to which fastened a small bottle containing a 1 per cent, solution of formaldehyde. The plate swings on a hinge from the bottom of the receiver, and clasps on the top, to that all the operator has to do when h wishes to speak is to looen the clasp, when the plate drops out of the way. The bacteriologist of the department. Max Meyer, said to-day that although no regular Investigation had been carried on in regard to bacilli in public telephone, yet in a private investigation of his own he had found that the presence of pathogenic barlll! in the mouthpiece was marked. "And that means." added he. "that there Is a dang r to life which Is hidden. There is no doubt." he continued, as he rubbed his finger around the inside of a mouthpUce. "that If I were to take my linger as it 1 now and dip It into a culture tube. I would find In two days that the erum would reveal bacilli of m pathogenic character. The diseases which are likely to be communicated through germs are tuberculosis, pneumonia, diphtheria, scarlatina, typboid fever and smallpox." An Investigation was recently carried on In Boston under official authority, but the commission reported d.y tfore yesterday that no dangerous bacilli were to be fourd. and drew the concluclon that beyond dut and the harmless germs prevalent in It. nothing injurious to public health was present.