Indianapolis Journal, Volume 49, Number 127, Indianapolis, Marion County, 7 May 1899 — Page 9

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SUNDAY

JOURNA

Part Two Pages 9 to 16 Jo PRICE FIVE CENTS. INDIANAPOLIS, SUNDAY MORNING, MAY 7, 1899. PRICE FIVE CENTS.

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To Clothe Your Boys . .

Healthfully, tastefully and at the same time economically, is no easy matter to most parents. Indianapolis people have looked to us for the last eight years for the right things and the bright things in Little Boys Clothes and they have not been disappointed. This season we are showing a grander stock than ever and at prices that will please you. Children's Suits From $1.Q5 to $10.00 Boys' Suits From $5.00 to $15.00 We sell nothing but All-Wool Suits, and every article we guarantee to give satisfaction, no matter how low the price, or money will be refunded without a murmur. Is not, then, ours the sort of a store you want to trade with ?

Men's

Special Values This Week 250 regular $15 Suits reduced to $12.50 325 regular $18 Suits reduced to $15.00 See Owr Window Display!

Boys' and Boys' and t: v t: tt t t; L t; r? r? x; 2T X

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For Monday One $400 Starr, rented some $285.00 $10 cash end $10 per month. One $300 Richmond, rented some : $200.00 $10 cash and $5 per month. One handsome Mahogany, Eastern make $175.00 New, f 10 cash and fo per month. Our new spring stock is the largest and most complete ever shown in Indianapolis. Don't overlook the fact that we sell pianos for what the dealer pays for them.

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The Starr Piano Co, MANUFACTURERS 13 lAest VAashington Street.

XT If tf toto to to to to to to '44 to to vi '4 to 4 to

The quality of a Bicycle should be the first consideration of the purchaser

At gS

Presents a combination of HiaH QUALITY and MODERATE PRICE not found in any other '99 Bicycle that we know of; Examination is the best way to prove our claim . . . Ivanhoe Bicycles $25 and Up BUILT AT HO.ME

INDIANA BICYCLE CO., The Sunday Journal, by

Children's Hats Children's Furnishings

STEVEHSDH BUlLDINQi

Bo

9 5 ! 9 9 9 . 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 to to to to u to to to to to to to "4 to ; to to to

40o00

Penn. and Ohio Sts. j Mall, $2 Per Annuj

BRAZIL'S GREAT CROP

COFFEE IS KING AM) SCPFORTS T1IE PEOPLE OF TUB COUXTOY. The Crop Sells for 5110,000,000 Yearly, and 3Iost of the Product 1st Par chased by the United States. IN THE COFFEE WAREHOUSES HOW THE BERRIES ARC TOLISIIED AXD PAINTED FOIt THE MARKETS. A Visit to the Establishment In Which the Grain Are Prepared nnd Bagged for American Buyers. Copjrljht, isr9, by Frank G. Carpenter. RIO JANEIRO. Brazil, April 3.-I have spent a day among the coffee shippers of Rio Janeiro. This is, next to Santos, the greatest coffee port of the world. Millions of bags are here shipped every year, and the chief business of Brazil's vast coffee crop is done here. Rio Janeiro lives upon coffee. For that matter It is the mainstay of Brazil. In 1503 tho total exports of the country amounted to $150,003,00). and of this $149,000,000 came from coffee. The rise of a cent a pound means prosperity or the reverse to these people, and the enormous fall the past few years has made things tight In Brazil. Just how much the fall has been few people know. The truth is that coffee has been steadily dropping for tho past six years, and to-day it i3 not worth much more than one-third what it was in 1S03. With our new possessions in Cuba, Porto Rico, Hawaii and tho Philip pines it is likely to go still lower, for it is expected that the Yankees will establish large coffee plantations, and if so the Brazilians will have to look elsewhere for a market. It is an outrage that Brazil has not done more for the United States. 6he should give us the bulk of her trade and all her fat contracts, for we have been practically supporting: the country for years. We are the greatest coffee drinkers of the world. In 1S97 we used 635,000,000 pounds of coffee, which was 10,000,000 pounds more than was consumed in all Europe. We have increased our consumption during the past year at the rate of more than a pound per person, and we now use about fifty pounds annually for each person in the United States. The amount spent for this coffee is enormous. During the past ten years we have paid out $375,000,000, or $37,000,000 per annum for coffee alone. The bulk of this money has gone to Brazil. Some of it has found its way ifito the lockets of the coffee planters, a large part !rs gone into the hands of the ship pers and dealers, and 11 per cent, of the export price has been paid to the government. Brazil charges an export duty of 11 per tent, on every pound of coffee that is shipped. This is, of course, paid by the con sumer, and such of our people as engage in coffee raising will have the Advantage of 11 per cent, over Brazil to start with, for they will of course not ' have to pay duty. Some years ago there was talk of taxing coffee, but the demagogues of our Congress set up a holy howl about taxing a poor man's luxuries, and coffee was admitted nominally free. It was not allowed to bo free, however, for Brazil at once put on an extra export duty and the poor man's luxury was taxed Just the same. The only difference was .that the Brazilian government got the money and not Uncle Sam. THE LAND OP COFFEE. Coffee is raised in nearly every one of the provinces of Brazil. Tho country produces the bulk of the world's crop. It raised 10,GO0.C00 bags last year, and it . is planting new fields now. I described In a former letter my travels through the State of San Paulo, the richest coffee raising region of the world. The States north of San Paulo also produce vast amounts, and Rio Janeiro tack of the capital is one of the chief coffee centers. The kinds of coffee produced here are known in the United States as Rio and Santos coffee. These names come from the ports at which the coffee Is shipped. The Santos coffee is grown almost entirely in south central Brazil. It is carried over the railroads to Santoa and exported from there. It comes from a cooler climate than does the coffee which Is talsed further north, and Is generally considered to have a milder and finer flavor than that shipped from Rio. It Is estimated that we take about 30 per cent, of the Santos crop and about 70 per cent, of all shipped from Rio, bo that the bulk of the coffee used in our country is Rio coffee. At both Rio and Santos the great coffee houses of the United States have their agents, who buy the coffee of the dealers and ship it direct to their houses in New York, Baltimore and Chicago. They have Urge establishments for preparing tho coffee for shipment, and some of the brightest coffee men of the United States are here watching the markets and buying by the thousands of bags. Coffee is handled In different ways at the two great ports. During my stay in Santos I spent some time among the dealers and watched them shipping the vast quantities of coffee which came to that port. The coffee is put up in bags of 132 pounds each, and in this shape it is sold to the exporters. The buyers in Santoa deal directly with the planters' agents, taking the coffee, as a usual thing. In lots. In Rio the coffee first comes to commission men. They dispose of it to the wholesale coffee dealers, who giade It and put it into the bags for the exporter. In this case the coffee has passed through three hands before it starts for New York. Since the remarkable fall in the prices of coffee, however, the big exporters have sent agents out among: the planters and they are now buying their coffee direct. As it has been the consumer has had to p3 a half dozen or more profits on every pound of coffee. In the first place he has had to keep the planter, then the commission merchant In Rio. then the wholesale dealer in Rio and the New York manager's agent here. He has had to pay the cost of shipment to New York, the wholesale dealer or roaster there, the commercial drummer, the railroads and lastly his retail dealer at home. With all this he is able to buy coffee for 13 cents and less a pound, the same coffee costing here not more than 6 cents, and delivered in New York at 6U cents a pound. If ho is particular about his coffee he will pay from S3 to 40 cents for some of this same coffee, which here sells for a trifle over the amounts above mentioned, the only difference being that the beans are or a little different shape or larger size and that they have been graded into certain so-called well-known varieties. MOCHA AND JAVA. I have already written of tho Mocha coffee of BraziL A large rart of the Mocha used In the United States Is grown here. Indeed, there is practically no genulno Mocha coffeo in our markets. The Mocha ceffee fields of Arabia are so small that very few of the

berries are sold outside the Mohammedan countries. W. G. Palgrave, the well-known Oriental traveler, says that two-thirds of the Mocha crop is consumed In Arabia, Syria and Egypt, and that the rest is almost altogether taken by the Turks. The coffee is sifted over grain by grain, and the best is taken out for the Mohammedans. The Rio coffee which is sold as Mocha Is largely made up of the little round beans which an found on nearly every tree. In many pieces they grow r.ear the end of the stalk, and they are to some extent imperfect berries, a coffeo cherry containing ono instead of two berries. They are known as pea berries by some of the dealers. There is another class of berry which Is fiat. Some of these are very much like the Java and are often sold as such, so that many a man, when ho thinks he Is having real Iocha and Java, may actually bo drinking 7-cent Rio or Santos, although he pays S3 cents a pound for his so-called Mocha and Java mixture. This statement will probably be denied by some of our grocers. They will tell you that they can tell Mocha and Java by the smell or the color of the grain. Don't you believe them. The coffeo as It comes from the plantation, the slraon-puro genuine article, 13 often far different from that which goes away on the ships. I have visited here in Rio enormous establUhments which make a business of painting coffee and dressing It up for the markets. In South Africa, for Instance, the people want black coffee beans. It seems that the coffee they have been buying is of that color. The bags- that come from the plantation are filled with olivegreen beans. They are turned Into a great mill and rolled round and round in contact with colored powder. Just what it Is, the Lord only knows, but when the beans come out they are as black as any coffee that can be grown la Africa. Other grades are given a tinge of yellow by the use of other colors, and others are varnished in different shades of green. Some of the coloring stuff is unhealthful and the men use gloves when they handle it. In one Portuguese house 1 saw them coloring 20,000 bags for the Cape of Good Hope, and In another they were coloring coffee for the Argentine market. This Is no fiction. I saw it myself, although I am told that tho most of the coffee sent to the United States goes there In its natural color.

And what Is the natural color, of coffee? That I saw on the plantations and the most of that which comes here to Rio Is of a rich olive green. It grows slightly yellow as it becomes older, and the older the coffee is the better coffee it makes. IN TUB COFFEE FACTORIES. Theso big coffeo factories are interesting places. Some of them are as full of machinery as a Minneapolis flour mill. You walk' under a network of moving belts through air mixed with coffee dust and go through room after room filled with machines for dressing the berries to suit the different tastes of the world. Each market seems to have Its particular desires. Tho Germans, for instance, demand that the husks be on the beans when they arrive in Hamburg. The Germans prefer to do the shelling themselves and the coffee Is sold as washed coffee, bringing a much higher price. Other countries want their coffee polished. It is shined up as you shine silver, being brushed by the most delicate machines, which do not Injure the grains. The coffee which goes to the United States is sold much as it come3 from the plantation. It is passed through the separators and graded, but so far I believe there Is no demand in our country- for polished, - coffee or for any other than that of the natural color. A great deal of our coffee Is bought by the great roasting companies. It is shipped directly to the roasting mills In New York and Chicago, and the average man does not see it until it is handed out to him by his grocer in fancy packages at so much a piece. There is no busier place in the world than the coffee exporting section of Rio de Janeiro. There are great warehouses near the wharves which are filled with coffee and into which coffee is being brought by the thousands of bags. The streets of this eec tlon are narrow and dirty. They are filled with wagons and cars loaded with coffee. You can hardly get through the streets. There are scores of half-naked men trotting from the cars to the warehouses with great bags on their heads and scores of negro women down on their knees sweeping up the coffee out of the cobblestone streets where it has dropped In order that they may wash It and sell it again. Each of these street cleaners has a sieve. In which she, puts the coffe beans as she picks them up, shaking out the dirt as she works. I am told that many of the women make a good living by gathering these stray coffee beans. Stop a moment and watch the men as they unload the coffee. Every bag is tested be fore it b taken into the warehouse. The tester has a little pipe as big around as a broomstick, with a sharp point on the end. He jabs this into a bag and in It brings out a handful of coffee. A glance at the beans tells whether they are according to samples. and, if not, the rest of the load Is carefully watched. Notice how the men carry the great bags on their heads. Each bag weighs 132 pounds, but they stand straight up under them and walk off as briskly as. though they were carrying feathers. BAGGING THE COFFEE. But let us follow them into the warehouse. The carload which is now being handled is in all Horts of bags and It has to be repacked for shipping. "We walk through long aisles with bags of coffee piled on each side from tne noor to the ceiling ana come into a hall where the floor is covered with great piles of green coffee beans. At each pile are a dozen half naked ne groes In their bare feet. They are scooping up the coffee In towla much like a bread bowl and pouring It into the bags. We hear the scratch, scratch, scratch of the bowls as they touch the floor, and varied by the sound of the laughter of the men at work. Now they burst out in a song, keeping time with their scoops as they sing. As eoon as a bag is filled It is dragged off to a pair of scales to be weighed. It is next handed over to the sewers, who sew up its mouth. leaving enough vacant spaco at the top that It may pack well in the steamer. In other factories the bagging Is done by machinery, and in all the work goes on in a businesslike way. Each of the big American establishments of Illo handles vast amounts of coffee in a year. Its manager must have good business ability and be a sharp trader. He must be a good judge of coffee and must know how to take advantage of the rise and fall of the market. Each establishment has its coffee expert, who can tell by the eye and nose Just what the coffeo Is worth. His Judgment is usually passed without grinding cr burning the berries. Samples of about a pint each are spread out on bluo paper and the coffee expert will put his price on each grade by looking at, handling and smelling the samples. During my stay here I have gone through a number of the American houses, and, among others. I have been much indebted to John F. Keogh, the manager of an American warehouse at Rio. The most of the coffee is shipped from what are known as the coffee wharves. The scenes abou. these are among the most interesting of Rio. Come with me and look at them. We (jump upon a car containing about three' tons of coffee. It Is hauled by (Continued on Tenth. Pace.l

IN MORRO AND CABANAS

CtrnAS OLDEST FORTS EXPLORED "WITH NOTEBOOK AXD CAMERA. Where Men "Were Shot, Their Dodlea Darned and Ashes Damped Into the Sea Bits of Graesome History. Special Correspondence cf the Journal. HAVANA. April 23. Until a few weeks ago one might as reasonably have aspired to make a walking tour of the moon as a visit with notebook and camera to the inte rior of Morro and Cabanas. Even under the new American regime It was equally Impossible in wartime, and now nobody is admitted without a special pass, countersigned by some commanding ofllcer. Last Sunday It was my good fortune to be one of a party which spent the day exploring tnese two oldest of Spain's fortifications In Cuba. First came the long car ride forty minutes from our suburban rejldence to the other side of the city, past General Ludlcw's headquarters and Blanco's late "Palaclo," and the new American postoflice, swarming with cur eager countrymen; past the "Columbus Cathedral," where the great admiral no longer sleeps, from which waves of melody were rolling like billows upon a shore; past thousands of good Catholics, mostly woaen. strolling leisurely to matins, mentis ?nts making stock in trade of their sorc3 and infirmities, and stalwart Yankee sniiaels pa trolling the same beats where Spain's I'.'-fed boy-soldiers wearily marched to and fro; past long lines of gayly vaparisoned donk2ys, tied head to tall, with red, blu? and yellow tassels at their ears and harne? r gitterlng with brass; trains cf heavily laden bullock carts, each poor, patient beast with a chain passed through his nose and head bowed to the dust by a weight of wood upon hia horns; past men and women strumming upon guitars in squalid homes or sitting Idly in open doors, apparently without a care in the world, while dirty children played arond them naked as the minute they were born; past all the quaint and varied streetlife of this old town, which to American eyes Is yet as oddly foreign as the remotest corner of Europe. REGULATING NAKEDNESS. Speaking of unclothed children reminds me of an order, promulgated not long ago by the government, regulating nakedness in Havana's horse-cars and omnibuses. Though both vehicles charge the same amount of fare, the bug-Infested buses have come to be considered "second-class," because most generally patronized by the poorest who can afford to ride, while those somewhat higher in the social scale confine themselves to the cars. . The order above mentioned drew the lines of caste still more closely by forbidding naked children and men without shirts to enter the cars, but not debarring them from the busses. Therefore it is a common thing to see a man, clad only In cotton trousers, hat and shoes, or a child airily attired in a necklace perched aloft in the swaying coach, which holds twelve by close crowding. Everywhere in Cuba one sees children up to Ave or six years of age stark naked In the streets, often led by their parents for a promenade, and In the rural districts they perambulate In a state of nature to a considerably later age. It is noticeable that the children cf well-to-do families sometimes wear socks and shoes, but nothing else. American .teachers under the new school system find no end of trouble with this question of clothes, sending heme all whose "human form divine," is not at least partially covered, to the surprise and Indignation of their parents. Remembering how poor children in the North go barefooted In the summertime, even to school, the teachers have gently suggested to the mothers that the money spent for shoes might better be put into shirts and trousers, but so far without avail, the shoes beinj considered necessary, the shirts suprfluous. AS THE SPANIARDS LEFT IT. Arrived at tho water's edge a quarter of a mile from the cathedral door and with in a stone's toss of the new postofflce we secured one of the chicken-coop boats that constantly ply the bay. They are all of the same antique pattern, brought from south ern Spain in some previous century, and for dos reales cada uno (twenty cents each per son) the scarlet-capped Catalan boatman agreed to row us across the intervening stretch of water to the fortress nearest the city. Morro Castle, on the farther point, was intended only for defense, while the larger and nearer Cabanas served also as a prison for political offenders. The former antedates the latter by more than half a century, but looks much newer, because Its walls of pale gray coqulna the coral rock that underlies the island Is to-day as fresh as ever, and the American authorities have just com pleted its renovation, outside and in, with lavish use of lime and whitewash. Cabanas Its painted walls new streaked and mottled with mold and weather stains, is yet comparatively untouched and-happily for curiosity hunters, if not for health all Its older horrors remain about as the Spaniards left them. Its massive battlements, with their faded pinks and yellows, tower straight up from a deep, dry moat, unscalable by man or beast and Inclosing space enough for a good-sized town. Having exhibited our permit to the sentry, we crossed the creaking drawbridge and walked up a sharply sloping, winding road, paved with small, sharp stones that bruised the feet like peas in the shoes of penitentiaries. Up and up we tolled, under the broiling sunalways within range of port holes and sentry boxes, whose protruding guns might easily rake the path of intruders, and fancy conjured up a myriad unhappy ghosts that have passed this camlno doloroso homesick boy conscripts from Spain fighting an unwelcome cause and heavy-hearted prisoners who never returned. The view from the summit repays the toilsome climb narrow, closely-built city streets, criss-crossed like a gigantic checker board, with church towers and palm trees and the white camps- of American troops for pawns; Regla, Guanabacoa, Vldado, Marlanoa, Jesus del Monte, and other handsome suburbs; the historic bay, crowded with shipping, In which nearly every flag In the world is seen but that of Spain, end outlining all, the ocean. "THE COURT OP THE DEAD." Here we were halted by other sentinels and requested to stay while our passes were sent forward to be approved by the officer of the day. While waiting we turned Into a wide, canyin-llke passage, formed by thirty-foot high walls of pinkish plaster, a double row of stunted oaks growing along the middle. Tread softly, for this is hallowed ground. At a glance none can fall to recognize the gruesome place. Breasthigh, on both sides, the walls are peppered with small, circular indentations, and the grass beneath Is startllngly rank and green watered by the blood of martyrs. Here thousands upon thousands of men. whose crime was love of liberty, have met death their faces to the walls, the firing squad with their backs against the trees. The dead line," as the tell-tale row of bulletmarks is called. Is unmistakable, not only on both sides of this long passage, but In others that diverge from it and particularly In a small square known as "El Patio de los Muertas" the court of the dead. They must have been excellent marksmen, thos

Spanish soldiers. The line of bullet holes is almost exactly a foot wide, with hardly a straggling mark. At any rate, none brought

to execution lived to tell the manner of it. Tradition says that when the first volley failed to kill tha ever-ready machete or bayonet made shambles of the place. Presently permission to proceed came from the conmander, together with a young soldier, who had been detailed as "guard," not of ourselves, where no danger threatened, but to check any curio-acquiring propensities we might be prone to Indulge. During the next two hours that youthful defender of Uncle Samuel kept us on the double quick." Preferring the pleasures of cantlna off duty, he trotted us hither and yon, above and below, through darksome dungeons and among ancient guns with a speed that made us dizzy, returning an in flexible "Don know, ma'am," to every query. Therefore the Intricacies of the great prison, viewed on the run, recur to mind as an endless labyrinth of cells and corridors, tunnels and dungeons in which one might easily lose himself to bo found no more till the resurrection morning. There are enormous vaulted chambers cut Into the solid rock, some in total darkness, others pierced by feeble rays of light from email holes near the top; cell without cells. far under ground, and subterranean passages leading uou Knows wnere. ah me larger prison rooms have rows of Iron rings driven into the walls all around at regular Intervals, and double rows of gibbetlike framework extending down the middle, the latter forming two long benches of solid wood, with beams five feet above them, and from rings and beams heavy iron chains are suspended. Here, we are told, prisoners yet uncondemned were confined those who were merely suspected of hostility to Spain and held for examination alternately chained to the benches by day and to the walls at night; let us hope with sufficient length of chain to permit the victims to lie on the stone floor. Some of the inner cells, dark as Erebus, are hardly wide as a grave, and in each a single short chain riveted in the clammy stone tells Its own sad story. A PLACE OF HORRORS. Uppermost In the mind of the beholder is the thought: Had these old walls a tongue. Over the portals of this awful prison might well have been inscribed: "All hope abandon, ye who enter here." It is a matter of history that thousands of Cuban citizens met mysterious deaths within the walls of Cabanas. Suspected of sympathy with Cuba libre, they were arrested on the most trivial charges, often on no charges at all, brought here and never heard of again. There !s no doubt that besides tho open executions secret but authorized murders were of frequent occurrence. The few prisoners who remained to be released by Americans when the war was over told bloodcurdling tales of horror and despair. They said that every night each man was chained to his place against the wall, and often In the mornings some comrades were missing. Among themselves It was believed that the guard entered In the silent watches of the night, clarped his hand over the, mouth of the doomed man, cut his throat or stabbed him to the heart and dragged him forth. I have talked with one of these lately liberated prisoners, who Is now living in the Hotel Roma an educated man, under thirty, whose hair is white as snow. He says that one evening near tho beginning of the war he was arrested while sitting in the plaza, on what charge he never knew. For several weeks he was kept in one of the larger dungeons, alternately chained to the wall and the bench, with fifty others, many of whom were his personal friends, all'respectable citizens of Havana, and all, like himself. Ignorant of the cause of arrest. Having powerful relatives and a clear conscience, he hourly expected release. But days dragged by and months and years, till hope deferred died within him. Finally, having had neither trial nor examination, he was placed in tho third and farthermost of a "nest" of cells a narrow hollow in the rock not long enough to allow a man to stretch out on the floor, and fastened to the wall by a chain too short to admit of lying down. Fortunately the tomb had no door, so at midday a feeble glimmer of light was visible from the aperture, near the top of tho outer dungeon, and his voice reminded the careless guard to bring him food, or otherwise he would hava starved. Doubtless his people made efforts In his behalf, but he had no knowledge of It, and when ho was released four years later parents, brother and sisters were all dead every relative sacrificed In the long struggle.' IN SECRET PASSAGES. In course of our explorations we entered a subterranean passageor rather a series of them, so low and narrow that wo could just squeeze through by stooping, and bo totally dark that it was impossible to see an inch before the eyes. Striking matches frequently and holding each others' hands for fear of pitfalls, we penetrated the tunnel half a mile or more. The path to unknown perils sloped steeply, turning short curves and diverging to other passages, all trending downward Into the blackness of eternal night. At intervals iron gratings were felt beneath the feet, and rusty gates were seen, now open wide; and presently the sound of the sea was heard, dashlngr upon rocks somewhere below. What diabolical mystery lies beyond was necessarily left to conjecture. Our one box of matches was almost ppent and the guide refused to tarry. Promising ourselves to return with lanterns at no distant day we reluctantly crept back to the world of men. There Is little doubt that here may be found proof of terrlblo tales extant of doomed men driven through eecret passages at the point of tho bayonet, until they plunged through some death-trap Into the darkness, or dropped into the ocean at the end of the tunnel. Morro Castle Is considerably smaller than Cabanas, and apparently had fewer grewsome secrets. Its dungeons are similar, although far less numerous, the large cells with rings In the walla and rows of benches with beams above them and chains dangling from all. Each prison has Its chapel, with altar, now dismantled, and holy water fount intended not for the consolation of terrified wretches condemned to death, but for the spiritual welfare of their jailers. The Morro contains one horror not found In Cabanas, viz: a crematory with two ovens, for reducing the dead to ashes. It Is all complete, and having recently been cleaned by the American authorities. Is now In ex cellent condition. How many "mortal frames" have been turned to mother dust, there Is now no means of knowing, because if any records were kept of the doings In these prisons, they were destroyed or carried away by the Spaniards. Not far from the ovens Is a kind of chute, cut Into the stone, through which the debris of bones, et cetera, was dumped Into the surf, which at high tide comes raging Into an immense clstern-llke space far below. Probably the last-named spot answers to what Is known outside as "the well." Into which so ays tradition hundreds of living men have been dropp!, bound hand and foot, to drown or be dashed to death on the rocks, or furnish food for sharks Asl Dios quire, "as God wills." It is said that before the surrender the Spaniards obliterated the worst secret of Morro and Cabana, consigning Implements of torture which would have shamed the Inquisition, cannon and other valua bles, to eternal oblivion beneath the sea. Few guns are left, and those neither antique nor serviceable, the oldest bearing date of 17. PANNID "BRIGUAiS .WARD,

UPSET THE , PRESIDENT

HOW VAX DCREX TOOK AX INVOLUNTARY INDIANA MI D BATH, A Stage Driver's Effort to Convince Jllm of the V'rucnt Necessity of . Appropriations for Roads. Flainfield (Ind.) Letter in Washington Post"It was right over thar under that elm that Stage Driver Mason Wright dumped President Van Burcn Into ft mud puddle for a t3 hat," and as though to Impress the point of consideration the Quaker repeated "fer a $3 hat." President Van Buren entered upon his duties in 1S37, Just when the Nation waa reaching ono of her most severe commercial crises. The "opening of tho West -was the great issue at that time, and all centered around "Internal improvements. The business of tho country was then car ried on over waterways and highways. All traffic was carried by canal beats and on? stages, and the proposition to Improve this public service in the Interior was one of ths very greatest moment. There were many other obligations just at that time pressing In on the Nation and the finances were getting low. ' During his term of office there came ei general demand for extra appropriations for the construction of roads and improvements of canals and other waterways. Seeing that the Nation was cramped and realizing that it was also being sandbagged by ai lot of contractors who were taking everything in eight, he vetoed the appropriation! bill. This brought about such a great sweeping storm of alleged indignation that In light of tho fact that he was to be a candidate in ISf) he felt that something; must be done. He properly attributed most of the disapproval to the sandbagging contractors. Finally he wan driven to taking a trip of investigation. Incidentally It may; be added that the trip was the first, ona made by any President into the States wesC of the original thirteen. FIRST PRESIDENTIAL) TOUR. ' , His trip was outlined over the national1 road, which runs from Baltimore to St Louis, and was then as at present tha greatest road In the nation. The finest stage coaches, the fastest ho r see, and the best drivers were arranged in relays so that he might cover the territory In tho fastest, most elegant and most comfortable style possible. Ho was accompanied by his secretary of state. They rode, as a general thing, on top of the stages, and he Inspected! the road, leaving It here and there to go to some capital or city or to Inspect some canal work. It was three weeks after ho left Washington that he landed In Indiana, Up to that time be had not had reason to change his policy on the internal Improvement appropriation bill veto. The road was In very fair condition, though ho admitted! it might be Improved upon, lit) thought however, that the funds provided for annually were sufficient if expended with some discrimination to place the road end all other improvements, in very fair condition and keep them to. At present it Is not known what was the sentiment n Indianapolis on tho internal improvement question, but whatever it was, the city laid it aside and gavo Martin Van Buren a reception worthy of the city. He was wined and toasted, and festivities were planned which would have taken a week to carry out. But he stopped them by the or. a pleasure Jaunt, but on a trip of inspection, and that he would only remain in Indianapolis until the next day. He made several statements which showed most conclusively that so far he had not changed hla mind on 'the Internal Improvements. He thought the provisions were ample, and he Intimated that if robbery of public funds was quit there would bo no need of more funds for the Internal Improvements. TRYING TO CONVERT HIM. An old Whig named Hale had charge cf the stage coach line between Indianapolis . and Terro Haute. He was a very pronounced advocate of the internal Improvement bill, and was. in his way, something of a contractor. He talked with Van Buren about the road over which ho had to carry his contracts, and stated that the National roa from Indianapolis to St. Louis was really la mud he could hardly get his stage coach) through. But Van Buren gavo him a deaf ear. He ordered his stage to be on hand the next morning, and about noon he and the secretary came out and took their places oa top of It, and were given a glorious farewell from the city. Hale had decided that he would have to Impress upon Van Buren the necessity of more funds for improvements. He called hla driver. Mason Wright, to one sideband offered him a new V hat and relief from all damages if he would dump Van Buren In the deepest mud hole on the road. Wright was a wild, reckless fellow, and he accepted the offer. He took on a supply of "cen'o" and drove the stage out. The trip from Indianapolis to Plainffeldl was uneventful. The road out of Indianapolis was not bad. but after the stage crept down several hills Into the lower landa through which the National road passed, the good gravel disappeared and there were many bad ruts. These gradually became worse and worse. Just outside of Plalnfield there was a great morass through which the road passed. There were two paths through! it. GAVO VAN HIS CHOICE. Wright drew rein just as he approached it and stopped to take a survey. After considering some moments he turned to Van Buren. who was on top of the stage, rul asked him which way he should go. There was good method In all of this. The driver had gone through that morass three times m week for several years. He knew that tha north path, which looked the more threatening, was, in fact, all right, and the mudi and water would only come up half to the hubs, while the southern passage, which) looked nice enough, when compared wltri the other, was really dangerous to the most experienced driver. It led under a great elm tree. Van Buren readily fell into the trap and told him "to the south." Wright turned his horses and gave thenj the whip. The people who had gathered on the other side of the morass to see the President yclied their warning, but the driver was out to win his 15 hat, and was doing It on the advice of his victim, the President cf the Nation, who was attired In his conventional broadcloth. He did not stop, but dre w1 his horses rapidly toward the bank on which the tree stood. The roots, which he knew where to find, did not go back cn him, There was an awful moment of suspense, then a crackling, a crash, and the stags coach lay on its side in the very centtr of the morass. The President and the next highest official in the Nation alighted on all fours, as It were, in the very slimiest and muddiest spot In the wallow. They fairly dived in, and then scrambled around until they found one of the submerged roots, oa to which they climbed until the tpectators fished them out. An old Quaker lady took Martin out behind the e!m tree and scraped hlra off with a chip. Another lady did slrnl Ur service for the secretary of state. When they were rellevod of part of the mud they, jrere taken to thpldJ??j5.ULa Tavern, svnere