Indianapolis Journal, Volume 49, Number 6, Indianapolis, Marion County, 6 January 1899 — Page 4

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THE DAILY JOURNAL FRIDAY, JANUARY 6, 1599. Washington Office—lso3 Pennsylvania Avenue Telephone Calls. Business Office 238 | Editorial R00m5......56 TERMS ()!•' SI list RIPTION. DAILY r.T MAIL. Daily only, one month $ .70 Daily only, three months 2.00 Dally only, one year 8.00 Daily, including Sunday, one year 10. h) Sunday only, one year £.OO WHEN FURNISHED HY AOENTS. Dally. |ar wpek, by carrier 1.7 cts Sunday, single copy 7 cts Daily and Sunday, iier week, by carrier 20 cts WEEKLY. Per year SI.OO Hedneeil Slate* to t lull*. Subscribe with any of our numerous agents or send subscriptions to the JOURNAL NEWSPAPER COMPANY, Indiana poll*, I ml. Tersons rending the Journal through the mails In the United States should put on an eight-page pa p<-r a ONK-CKNT postage stamp: on a twelve of sixteen-page paper a T\Vf>UENT postage stamp. Foreign postage is usually double these rates. AH communications intended for publication In this paper must, in order to receive attention, be accompanied by the name and address of the writer. Cssi-' 1 , '-t =5 THE IMHAMI’OLIH JOURNAL Can lie found at the following places: NEW YORK—Astor House. CHICAGO—PaImer House, P. O. News Cos., £l7 Dearborn street. Great Northern Hotel and Grand Pacific Hotel. CINCINNATI—J. R. Hawley & Cos., 154 Vine street. LOUISVILLE—C. T. Peering, northwest corner of Third and Jefferson stieets, and Louisville Book Cos., 276 Fourth avenue. 6T. I*ol,'lS —Union News Company, Union Depot. WASHINGTON, I>. C.—Riggs House, Ebbitt House and Willard’s Hotel. Indiana’s credit is good. With an annual interest charge of only $176,023 on a debt of $3,400,000 there seems to be no occasion lor further refunding operations. Arrangements are on foot for a celebration in St. Louis of the centennial of the Louisiana purchase, in 1003. The anti-ex-pansionists should enter a protest. Army officers advise against the proposition to pay oiT the insurgent army in Cuba. They believe that it will l>e much better to offer the men employment at fair wages. Senator Platt tells his friends in Washington that Dr, Depew will be elected senator from New York beyond the shadow of a doubt. That comes pretty near settling it. The Governor’s statement that whatever there may lie of “oppression on account of taxation is due in large measure to local causes” is an argument for reform in local government. Governor Mount says that an appropriation sufficient v o complete the soldiers’ monument should be made and that the work should lie pushed to completion. The Governor is right. If the Republican majority in the Legislature should proceed on the theory that Indiana is safely Republican, no matter wrhat the Legislature may do, it would make <a great mistake. It may be that a purely military administration of affairs in our new possessions und in Cuba will not be found the best, but the experiment is worth a fair trial. If it does not work it can be modified. The difference between the Republicans and Democrats in the House at Washington is that the former believe in an army of 100,000 disciplined men, while the latter desire to have a large part of the 100,000 raw men. There is no more painful indication of the unreasonableness, not to say imbecility, of the worship of Colonel Bryan l>y a class of men calling themselves Democrats than the sentiment and expression of the song sung in the Democratic caucus Wednesday night.

The Republicans composing the Maine Legislature seem not to have heard the predictions regarding their plan to set aside Senator Hale, consequently, in their ignorance, they went ahead and nominated 'Mr. Hale for the Senate for the fourth term of six years. Jerry Simpson, of Kansas, is telling his associates that prosperity defeated him. "Many people,” he said, “got money enough to buy anew pair of overalls and a little Credit at the grocery, and therefore lost interest in hi to 1,” Some of the people may remember the sneer of tho disgruntled demagogue. Senator Daniel, of Virginia, who was in Havana on evacuation day, says the spectacle was the most impressive he ever witnessed. ‘ The American army,” he says, •‘showed at its best, and as the sturdy columns swept through the streets of Havana there was no eye that looked upon them that was not indelibly impressed with the simple dignity of it.” The General Assembly has enough to do in legislating for state interests without meddling with national affairs or national politics. There is always a tendency to introduce flamboyant resolutions on such topics, but they should be promptly sat down upon and buried in the committee to which they are referred, if they receive that degree of consideration. A Chicago dispatch says that “the Silver Republicans are to join in the contest for Colonel Bryan, who is soon to sound the IS-to-1 keynote.” If this means that Senator Toller, ex-Scnator Dubois, and Towne, of Minnesota, are to cease calling themselves Republicans and will take the name of Democrats or Bryanites they will save the trouble of keeping up a pretense. Those who ha\e come to the conclusion, since the late election, that Governor Pingree owned the Republican party of Michigan have occasion to revise their opinions now that the Republicans of the Legislature have renominated Senator Burrows by a unanimous vote in the face of the hardest light against him that his Excellency could put up. In the re-election of Senator Burrows the country retains the services of an able man. The charge that one Bresmes, now a fugitive in Spain, was the instigator and author of the destruction of the Maine excites tome interest among Americans in Havana. Captain Sigsbce is of opinion that some day the entire mystery surrounding the affair will bo cleared up. and, while he does not know Bresmes personally, he thinks the story not incredible. "Whether Bresmes Is guilty or not.” he says, "it is not for me to say. but of this I am sure: that it was acme one of his kind who conceived and executed the crime.” It has been given out by many Republican papers In Illinois that Governor Tanner forced the nomination of the present speaker of the Illinois House by threatening to punish those who should oppose his •hotce. Governor Tanner has made himself

the champion of the obnoxious streetrailway bill which was forced through the last Legislature in that State. It was denounced in most of the Republican and Democratic conventions nominating representatives, and Is obnoxious to a large majority of tiie people of Chicago and other cities. Because of the passage of the bill the Republican majority in the last House has been reduced to six or eight votes. Next to Altgcld, Tanner is the most notorious executive Illinois has ever had. GOVERNOR MOUNT’S .MESSAGE, The message of Governor Mount begins with a financial statement that is most gratifying—a reduction of the State debt of $1,320,000 and a reduction of the annual interest of $23,130 a year. In connection with the iinancial statement the Governor remarks that it is not the tax imposed by the State which makes taxes a burden, but the county and other local taxes, the State calling for 17 cents on each SIOO, while county, township and city call for an average 6t $1.47. From this comparison the Governor proceeds to urge the necessity of the importance of legislation to reform the methods of the administration of county and township government. His presentation of the evils of the present system is indorsed by all friends of good government in the State. The remedies which the executive suggests to put an end to lynchings and other assaults by disguised bands are worthy of consideration. If the people of a county are taxed for the damages inflicted by bands of men in defiance of law they will have ample cause to oppose them. The knowledge that the sheriff will not seriously resist the mob that demands a prisoner is an incentive to lynching. If the lawless knew that a resolute sheriff would lire into a mob seeking the life of a prisoner in his custody few men would take the, risk. The Governor presents good cause for a revision of the judiciary system of the State, and his suggestion as to the method has rereived the indorsement of judges and lawyers of experience. There is no reason why the officer acting for the State in the enforcement of the law’s should give bonds when an injunction is the remedy against lawbreakers. Governor Mount devotes considerable space to advocacy of the making of the science of agriculture a part of the public school curriculum. He sees great danger to the agriculture of Indiana—by far its most important industry—in the impoverishment of the soil by a practice which takes everything from the soil and returns nothing to maintain its fertility. In regard to the arbitration of differences between employer and employe the Governor thinks that the time has come when arbitration should be all that the word implies by having courts of arbitration whose decisions shall be mandatory. The Governor's suggestion may be regarded by many as an advanced view on this important subject, but the logic seems to sustain his position. Governor Mount lays bare the weakness of the present road system. and sees in it an obstacle to the good roads which are necessary to promote the interests of the State. He believes that the Legislature hag the wisdom to devise a measure which will put a check upon the operation of trusts. It will be a difficult task—one which no State seems to have been able to accomplish. The worst feature of the trust in this State is that it has attempted to cut wages. The Governor favors a reconstruction of the State Board of Education to the end that its membership may embrace more educational interests than it does. About everybody who has not special and personal aims to promote will agree with the Governor that an insurance department is one of the annexes the state government does not need. States which have such annexes are paying a large amount to secure less satisfactory results. There is a difference of opinion regarding the taxation of life insurance policies, which Governor Mount advocates. The Journal doubts its wisdom, particularly when the purpose of the insurance is saving rather than investment. What Governor Mount has to say in regard to the results of nonpartisan management of public institutions is just what any one can ascertain for himself if he makes Inquiry. The public institutions were never so well managed as at the present time. The greater part of the suggestions which Governor Mount has made represent the wishes of the people of both parties who desire more effective and more economical government, which is essential to the material prosperity and the moral well-being of the people.

TWO VERY DIFFERENT MEN. Senator Hale and William Jennings Bryan are both opposed to national expansion, but they give very different reasons for their position, as might be expected from two men of such different characters. Senator Hale, in his speech before the Republican caucus of the Maine Legislature, said: I am not an expansionist. 1 dread the annexation of territory thousands of miles away of a foreign people, with no habits and no life like ours. I dread the results of it. I dread the effects. I am honest in that. I cannot, with my views, vote for any measure, or law. or whatever it may be, that involves us in that. . Nothing could be more frank and explicit than this. It is the statement of a man who has reached certain conclusions after careful deliberation, and who, having formed his conclusions, proposes to stand by them, not ostentatiously, but firmly and conscientiously. There is no attempt to befog the issue or to treat the question In any other way than on its merits, and no attempt to fortify his own conclusions with the arguments or views of others expressed under entirely different circumstances. There is no attempt to make political capital for himself or his party, a majority of which probably holds different views, and no attempt to embarrass those who do not agree with him. With this frank and manly statement of Senator Hale compare that of Mr. Bryan in a speech at Springfield, 111. He said: The party that was willing to oppose the gold standard because it was wrong ought to be great enough to oppose an English colonial system because it is wrong. It is astonishing that any man living in this age of the world, living in the United States, should uphold the securing of land by conquest. Jefferson was against it long years ago. Blaine was against it in 1899. And a year ago last December the President of the United States sent a message to Congress, and in that message he said: “I speak not of forcible annexation, because that is not to be thought of; under our code of morality that would be criminal aggression." My friends, there is a great moral question involved, declared so by our President: a code of morality is in question, and according to the code, forcible annexation is criminal Aggression. This is the statement of a political trickster and demagogue. There is an air of insincerity and opportunism about it that shows a lack of convictions and a willingness to do anything to win. There is no evidence that Mr. Bryan has considered the question on its merits or reached any conclusion of his own. but there is a manifest purpose to embarrass and trip up his political opponents. The first sentence Illustrates Mr. Bryan’s habit of playing on the prejudices of the people. He tries to swing the free silverites Into line against expansion bv saving, ’’The party that was willing to oppose the gold standard because It was wrong ought to be great enough to oppose

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, FRIDAY, JANUARY (5, 1809.

an English colonial system because it is wrong.” Still harping on the English. The assumption that the honesty and patriotism of the country was all arrayed against the gold standard and that, as a logical sequence, it should be arrayed against “an English colonial system” is very Bryanesquo. To answer a fool according to his folly one might say that a party that was willing to favor the gold standard because it is right ought to be great enough to favor national expansion because it is right. That would be as good an argument as the other, but nobody but Mr. Bryan can afford ton use such arguments. Mr. Bryan says Jefferson and Blaine wore opposed to the acquisition of territory by conquest, and quotes President McKinley as saying in his last annual message: “i speak not of forcible annexation, because that is not to be thought of; under our code of morality that would be criminal aggression.” Whatever Jifferson or Mr. Blaine thought regarding certain propositions in their day has no bearing on the present situation, though as a matter of fact the former favored the acquisition of Cuba without specifying by what means, and the latter was, if anything, too aggressive in his Americanism. The attempt to place the President in opposition to national expansion or to the acquisition of any territory by conquest is a dishonest trick on the part ol' Mr. Bryan. What Mr. McKinley said related to Cuba alone. In his message of Dec. 6, 1807, after relating the efforts that had been made to bring about a settlement of the Cuban question, he said: Os the untried measures there remain onlv recognition of the insurgents as belligerents; recognition of the independence of Cuba; neutral intervention to end the war by imposing a. national compromise between the contestants and intervention in favor of one or the other party. I speak not of forcible annexation, for that cannot be thought of That, by our code of morality, would be criminal aggression. Not only did this relate to Cuba alone, but it related to Cuba before the war. It was a disclaimer of any filibustering purpose. The w’ar changed everything, including the code of morality applying to Spanish territory. It would be absurd to claim that any code of morality prevents a nation victorious in war from requiring the vanquished nation to surrender territory as war indemnity. In attempting to convict the President of inconsistency Mr. Bryan misrepresents his position and the situation with which the President was dealing. The fundamental difference between Senator Hale and Mr. Bryan is that the former is an honest and fair-minded man with convictions, while the latter is a time-serving demagogue. One is a statesman who seeks to serve the country, the other is an officeseeker who seeks to serve himself.

Mr. Littleton’s speech on taking the speaker’s chair was in good taste and evinced the spirit that should animate the House during the session. The speaker of a legislative body, as Air. Littleton showed that he understands, is not its arbitrary ruler but its mouthpiece and presiding officer. bound to administer parliamentary law with strict fairness and impartiality. To this spirit the body itself should respond with a support entirely free from factiousness. The speaker’s remarks regarding the duties of the House and its responsibility to the people are worth remembering. M lien Calvin S. Brice died it was stated that he had left a fortune of $10,000,000. It is now’ asserted that he has left only $600,000. He left no real estate, his capital being embarked in railroad enterprises. Tic expected to make millions out of his railroad concessions in China. The shrinkage in this case is larger than in the estates of most of those who are reckoned as millionaires, but it is very great in many estates when they fall into the hands of executors. II CD HUES IN THE AIR. Not Free. “And you call yourself a free American!” enragedly screamed the constituent. “Me? No,” said the statesman. “I come high, if anybody asks you.” Piqued. The Lady—You’ll have to take back that parrot. He swears. The Dealer—He only swears in German. The Lady—But I don’t understand German. A Theory. Watts—l wonder why it should be accepted as an axiom that a military man is not expected to have any business ability. Potts—An army officer is supposed never to tell a lie. The Cheerful Idiot. “What do you think of that new French fashion of acquiring coal oil jags?” asked the shoe-clerk boarder. ”It certainly sets anew Standard,” said the Cheerful Idiot. GATLING’S NEW GUN BURSTS, Flies Into I’ieees While Being Tested at the Sandy Hook Grounds. NEW YORK, Jan. 3. —The Herald says: “One of Dr. Gatling's new’ cast steel guns, which General Miles regarded as likely to revolutionize coast defense artillery, burst last night at the Sandy Hook proving grounds. It was an eight-inch gun, constructed in accordance with the inventor's latest theories. It was loaded with a charge of 140 pounds of powder .and a 300-pound projectile. Government officials are exceedingly cautious in testing new ordnance, and all interested in the test were concealed in a bomb-proof shelter. The gun was discharged by means of an electric button. Pieces of the gun rlew in all directions and about the walls of the shelter, but no one was injured.” Merely an Experiment. CLEVELAND, 0., Jan. 3.—Concerning the bursting of the big eight-inch Gatling gun at the Sandy Hook proving grounds, which was built at the Otis steel works, in this city, Manager Bartols, of the latter company, said to-day: “The gun was built according to specifications and instructions fumisned by Dr. Gatling, and was, of course, an experiment. The fact that the gun exploded after it had been fired a number of times with 150 pounds of powder and three hundred pounds of projectiles, does not necessarily mean that Dr. Gatling's theory is at fault. The inventor has, no doubt, profited in experience with the first built-up gun. and if another is made, which will probably be the case, the defects will probably be overcome.” FOR A GREATER CHICAGO. Effort to Consolidate City. Comity anil Township Governments. CHICAGO, Jan. s.—The Times-Herald says: “Greater Chicago is in sight. Steps have been taken to secure legislation to consolidate the city and county governments and abolish the different township organizations within the city limits. To accomplish the desired result an amendment to the Constitution will lie necessary. President J*ombnrd, of the Civic Federation, lias appointed a committee to draft the amendment. The committee is to hold daily sessions so as to have the constitutional amendments ready for presentation to the Legislature by Feb. 1. By a two-thirds vote the Legislature can submit the amendments to a vote of the people at the general election in November, 1900. The amendments take effect immediately after their approval by the electorate and without further action by the General Assembly.”

INDIANA’S AFFAIRS ♦ GOVERNOR MOUNT’S FIRST MESSAGE TO THE LEGISLATURE, A Sinking Fund Levy Should Continue TUI All Indebtedness la Canceled. A THE LYNCHINGS CONSIDERED O CRYING NEED FOR A REVISION OF •JUDICIARY OF STATE. Much Space to \grictiltnrc—NVork of the Labor Commissioner*—Township and County Reform.

The message of Governor Mount to the Indiana Legislature, delivered yesterday morning, is in full as follows: Gentlemen of the Senate and House of Representatives—The. people of Indiana have chosen you to represent them in the Sixtyfirst General Assembly. They have reposed in you their confidence, and you now enter upon the responsible duty of enacting laws for the promotion of public welfare. The Constitution mokes it incumbent upon the Governor “from time to time to give the General Assembly information of the affairs of the State and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall deem expedient.” I deem it unnecessary to review the work or the various institutions of the State. The reports of these will be printed and put upon your desks for your examination, ihe- last General Assembly enacted a law providing for the appointment of a committee to visit, examine and report the condition and needs of the various State institutions, in obedience to this law a committee, consisting of lion. Francis T. Roots tauthor of the Dill). Hon. Frerront Goodwine and Hon. Strathur Herod, was appointed. With this committee s report, added to the published reports of the state institutions. I think it inopportune to prolong this message with references thereto, but shall give the time to the consideuition of other important questions. State* Fin.mee*. I he reduction of the State’s indebtedness has continued during the past two years with the most gratifying results. Funds accumulating in the treasury have been promptly used in taking up outstanding bonds, and a large amount of interest lias thus been saved to the taxpayers. Payments on the state debt have been made as follows: •March 20. 1897 .' $159,000.00 June 21, 1897 80,000.00 July 7. 1897 190,000.00 Oct. 28, tS97 100,090.00 Jan. 20, 1898 100,000.00 Feb. 10, 1808 100,C00.00 July 12. 1898 100,090.00 Aug. 20, 1898 100,000.00 Dec. 30. 1898 200.C00. 00 Dec. 31, 1898 200,000.00 Total '. $1,320,000.00 ’I ho three-cent levy for the state sinking fund should ho continued until the entire indebtedness has been paid off. With the return of prosperity, this levy can be continued without materially burdening the taxpayers of the State, and it is a selfevident proposition that the speedy extinguishnient of all bonded obligations, thereby stopping interest charges, is in keeping with correct business principles and in harmony with tiie spirit of personal economy. The saving of interest alone, as shown by the above statment, amounts to $25,150 per annum. There is a widespread feeling that the taxes levied for state purposes form the larger portion of the burden imposed upon taxpayers, but this popular fallacy is entirely dispelled by a single statement of facts, by way of comparison. The amount levied for state purposes (asida from the school fund, which is 11 cents on the hundred, and 1 2-3 cents for educational purposes) is only 17 cents, out of which all expenses of state government, including the judiciary, are paid—lncluding also payments on state debt—while the average county levy is ?! 17. These comparisons arc cited in the hope that they may awaken the people to a more complete realization of the fact that complaint of oppression on account of taxation is due in large measure to local causes rather than to incompetency, mismanagement or extravagance on the part of those into whose charge is given the administration of the fiscal affairs of the commonwealth. Much credit is due to tiie retiring state auditor. Hon. A. O. Daily, and his efficient deputy, Capt, W. IT. Hart, auditor-elect, for the gratifying financial exhibit I have the pleasure of submitting to your honorable body. The retiring treasurer, Hon. F. .1. Scholz, has likewise actively co-operated iri bringing about these substantial and highly gratifying results, and the detailed reports submitted by these worthy officials furnish ample, confirmatory evidence of their notable efficiency in dealing with large responsibilities and their fidelity to public interests. In this connection it is pertinent to mention that in the prosecution of the SpanishAmerican w’ar, Indiana advanced to the federal government a sum of money approximating $200,000. This was used in the mobilization, equipment and forwarding of this State's quota of troops, conformably with the call of the President. All claims on this account have been filed with the proper authorities at Washington and ire being adjusted as expeditiously as possible. Claims to the amount of $107,102.55 have alerady been formally passed upon by the auditor of the War Department, and a warrant for that amount w’as deposited with the state treasurer on Dec. 29, 1898. The remainder of Indiana’s claims against the general government are in process of adjustment, and it is confidently expected that complete remuneration will he accomplished within a comparatively brief period. It is gratifying to know that all reports agree that Indiana’s pending claims on account of the war are in better shape than those of any other State in the Union. The State Debt. FOREIGN DEBT. Item. Principal. Interest. Three per cent, registered bonds, school fund, refunding loan, dated June 18, 1889, due June 18. 1909..53,525,000.00 Interest payable semi-an-nually. June 18 and Dec. 18: principal and Interest payable at the office of Winslow, Lanier & Go $114,730.00 Three and cne-half per cent, registered refunding bonds, temporary loan, dated April 1. 1893, due April 1. 1917.... 585,000.00 Interest payable semi-an-nually. Oct. t und April 1; principal and interest payable at tiie office of Winslow. Lanier Cos., New York 20,475.00 Three and one-half per cent, registered refunded new Statehouse bonds. temporary loan, dated May 1. 1897, tlue May 1. 1915 500,000.00 Inti rest payable Nov. 1 and May 1; principal anti interest payable at the office of Winslow, I.anier & Cos 17.500.00 Total $4,910,000.00 $172,725.00 Five tier cent. State stock certificates due and interest stopped $4,469.99 Two and one-half per cent. State stock certificates due and interest stopped 2.147.13 Total $6,615.12 DOMESTIC DEBT. (Non-negotiable.) Item. Principal. Interest. Five per cent, bonds held by Purdue University, at I-a-fa votte, Ind., due April 1, 1901 $340,000.00 Interest payable quarterly... $17,000.00 Five per cent, bonds held by the Indiana University, part of tiie principal of permanent endowment fund belonging to the Indiana University 114,000.00 Interest payable semi-an-nually T>2-00 Total $484,000.00 $24,200.00 Foreign debt $4,910,000.00 State stock certificates 6,617.12 $152,727.00 Domestic debt 484.000. o) 24.200.00 Total State debt *5,400.815.12 $176,925.00 Toxy n*li i| Reform. The need of reform in laws and methods of county and township government is manifest to all. There are not the proper safeguards around the powers delegated to County Commissioners. They have power to levy taxes, make contracts, spend money and make allowances and audit tiie hooks. Section ?Ur>) of Burns's Revised Statutes of 1894 gives too much discretionary power to the county board. The state statistician, in answer to questions, finds that some counties have purchased court libraries. The auditor answers that the judge requested it and the County Commissioners made the

purchase and pa’d for the same from county funds. There is no law for such expenditure. The taxpayers of the county would condemn the purchase of court libraries at the county’s expense. This only illustrates what may become the results when too large powers are granted. The prodigality with which county funds are expended in some counties is the outgrowth of following precedents on the ascending scale. Attorneys employed by commissioners in county litigation are not infrequently paid fees live times as large as would be paid for like service rendered to an individual client. Judges of the court are often extravagant in their allowances. My attention has been called to the disparity in such allowances by different judges for like service. The people should be kept informed as to the expenditures of their public servants. The expenditures an 1 the contracts of the township should be so guarded as to give to the people complete information as to the official acts of all persons who have them in charge. Governor Chase, in his message to the Legislature spoke of “three township trustees who. to his personal knowledge, in two years expended $4P.000 for township supplies, the one-half of which was spent for articles of no benefit to the schools for which they were purchased.” The expenditures of the township officials last year for “out-door relief” amounted to $315,206.92. This enormous expense is startling, and reveals the dangerous methods and lack of proper regard for public moneys. The system in vogue in many townships fosters pauperism and puts a premium upon vagrancy. Tho township trustees appoint the road supervisor, and upon the ability of this official in large degree is contingent road improvement. The forthcoming report of the state statistician will reveal in township government a great disparity of costs per capita. Townships similarly situated vary in the cost to the inhabitants several hundred per cent. The same report will show a difference in the total county expenditures that varies from 79 cents to $15.16 per capita, or a disparity of nearly 2,000 per cent. It shows a county of a little more than 32,000 inhabitants expends for county purposes five times as much monev as another county of more than 70,000 inhabitants. The cost of enforcement of criminal laws varies from 3 cents per capita to 29 cents. The expense of elections, etc., repairs, and all other expenditures, varies from 31 cents up to $8.32 per capita. , The radical difference of cos! in counties similarly situated reveals the need of change. The people have a right to know that these differences exist, and they have a just reason to expect a change. I believe it safe to conclude, if proper safeguards are placed about these offices, wise, business and economic methods adopted by counties, courts and townships, there could be a saving of 20 per cent, of present taxes for county and township purposes. The people demand a reform that will lessen the burden of taxation and not a misnomer that will augment expenses. Any effort to reform that multiples officers and increases salaries will not meet with public favor. Lynching*. The good name of Indiana has been dishonored by a lawless mob that took from the jail in Ripley county and lynched five men charged with burglary. Even if these men had been by a. court found guilty us charged the punishment would have been imprisonment and not death. All sense of justice and safety revolts against the mob as a tribunal for pronouncing judgments or administering punishment. Governor Atkinson, of Georgia, in his message to the Legislature presents at length the dangerous tendency of mob violence. In the course of his argument he says: "The mob judges without a full and complete hearing from both sides. Its members are not the most capable of judging. It decides in passion, and too often in whisky. llow can it fail to make mistakes and sacrifice the lives of tho innocent? 1 feel.” he says, “the more deeply upon this question because from the best information I can secure 1 believe that during my administration there have been in this State several men lynched who were not guilty of the crimes with which they w r ere charged. How many can never be known, for their tongues are hushed and they are denied an opportunity to prove their innocence. I am informed that one man whom the nvob believed to be guilty was shot down. A question then arose as to his identity, and he was salted down like a hog and shipped to the location of the crime and found to be the wrong man—an innocent man.” In the Governor’s severe arraignment of mob violence he found some palliation for these reprehensible acts that has disgraced his own State in the fact that “Indiana had lynched five men for burglary.” Contempt for Court*. It cannot be argued that lax enforcement of law justifies a manifestation of contempt of courts and disregard for the law. Any county that can organize a sentiment to prevent lynchers from being punished can also organize against crime and punish criminals in a court of justice. Where lynch lawlessness obtains, there justice is dethroned and courts are myths. The Constitution and laws of the State would there be trampled under the blood-stained feet of brutal and lawless men. If mob violence is to go unpunished, then hate and malice will sit enthroned and passion, tired by intoxication and governed by a spirit of revenge, instead of evidence, justice and the law, will render insecure life and property. The Anarchist would welcome such conditions and would then feel licensed to proceed to even up things according to his dwarfed sense of equity. In my efforts to remove from the State the odium attached to its good name by the lynchings that occurred in Ripley county, every available means were invoked to find out the guilty parties and bring them to account. The report of Hon. W. A. Ketcham, attorney general of the State, will reveal the difficulty of convicting participants in lynchings in the county where these crimes are committed. Every person charged with crime has tne right, under the Constitution and laws of the State, to a fair and impartial trial. For a better guarantee of tiffs right and to awaken a more lively interest in the counties against lynchings and vvhitecappings. I recommend the enactment of a law making the county responsible for such conditions and liable in a civil suit for damages. In the case of lynching the nearest of kin should be authorized to institute the suit, and for the offense of whitecapping, the aggrieved party should have the right to recover damages. Any sheriff who permits a prisoner to be taken from his custody by a mob should be required by law to forfeit his office. Lax enforcement of laws eventually results in the people taking the law into their own hands. All good citizens should feel a keen interest in the enforcement of the law. They should be willing and ready to testify before the grand jury or in court or to sit upon juries. The judge who will allow technicalities and dilatory motions to delay or thwart justice is in some degre responsible for the terrible crime of lynching, and the judge who condones this crime and by word justifies such lawlessness has not the proper regard for the high functions of his office and is not tit to sit upon the bench. Quite recently *he good name of Indiana has again been disgraced by a lawless mob, who took from the Scott county jail a prisoner who was soon to be tried by a court of justice. There are no palliating circumstances connected with this; brutal murder. Indications point to a conspiracy against this man’s life for the purpose of sealing his lips in death, lest damaging disclosures in trial might reveal the wickedness and crime of others. This atrocious murder appeals with new force to the legislators of Indiana for the enactment of a law that will forever stop this mockery of justice. Revision of tiie Judiciary. There is a growing necessity for a revision of the judiciary of the State. With each meeting of the Legislature efforts are renewed for the creation of new court districts. In some instances there seems to be need for relief to the courts, but for many of these demands there is no justification. It is true that there exists great inequality as to the amount of business transacted in these judicial districts—in some, too much business for one, but not enough for two courts. In other districts the amount of business does not warrant a separate court. If the rule of the present is to be continued and present demands granted, it will not be long until the State will have as many court districts as counties. Courts are multiplying more rapidly than population or litigation, while court expenses and allowances Increase at an even greater rate than courts. This increase of courts is attended with a growing evil. The judge called to preside over a circuit of ( one county is usually one of the large practitioners at the bar of that county, and hence interested in pending litigation, which, in many cases, disqualifies him from acting as judge. This necessitates the calling of a special judge, who is paid by the State to do the work of the judge who has been chosen, and who is also paid a salary for this service. During the last three years the State has paid to special judges the great sum of $49,081.60. This growing expense can be obviated and the present inequalities removed through the reorganizing of the State into court districts (ompri'ing several eo inties, equalizing as nearly as possible the business of these districts, and providing for the number of judges to correspond with the size of the districts. The judges thus chosen could alternate am' thus remove the necessity <>f special judges and better maintain the eftlctency and dignity of the court. Under such a system, fewer judges than we now have could transact the business, and also save the cost of thousands of dollars paid annually for special Judges. Better salaries could be paid as an inducement to the securing of the best men, and still the cost be less than at present; at the same time,

bettor guarantee to the people aha' the Constitution contemplate®, that "justice shall be administered freely and without purchase, completely and without denial, speedy and without delay.” Justice.*’ Court. It seems it would be expedient to extend the jurisdiction of this court. Litigation over small amounts should originate in this court, and from which an appeal to the Circuit Court should be final. Suits in which petty sums are involved should end in the Circuit or lower courts, and be barred from the Supreme Court. No justice can be done to litigants when small amounts are involved, if they are accorded a hearing in two courts. Without elaborating upon the necessity, or dwelling in detail upon the plan, i would recommend the creation of a committee, to have charge of the revision of the judiciary of the State, to formulate a bill for the same, to be presented to the next General Assembly. During the past year repeated violations of the penal laws of the State against the waste of natural gas by the Standard and other oil companies were permitted to go unpunished. Some demands were made for an extra session of the Legislature, to the end that more drastic legislation might be enacted. The State could not bring suit for a temporary injunction or restraining order Without giving bond. The State has been, and is now, seriously hampered in its efforts to suppress Roby gambling, because the general statutes governing injunctions do not permit any restraining order or temporary injunction to be granted to the State, or any private litigant, without bond (R. S. 1894. Sec. 1167). The only possible exception to this law is the statute of 1893 (Acts 1893, Page 92) in relation to unlawful racing. In most, if not all, the other States, an express waiver is made by the code, providing that in injunction proceedings instituted by the State no bond shall be required of the State. This is only just. The only cases In which the State cun bring injunction suits are to abate public nuisances, to protect public property and to enforce the laws. The Governor is given no authority to protect bondsmen, and. as regards the rights of the State, the requirement of injunction bonds means a denial of justice. The State owns land in nearly every county. Some of these lands are heavily timbered with valuable timber; some contain minerals of inestimable value. In case of waste on public lands by tenants or trespassers, the State should have the right, through the attorney general, instantly to enjoin waste or trespass without the necessity of giving bond, which invariably occasions delay and may defeat the rights of the State. 1 therefore earnestly urge that immediate action be taken by the Legislature on this subject. I recommend that the attorney general be given authority, in the name of the State of Indiana, without bond, to prosecute or defend any action that has been or shall hereafter be begun, where the State is interested in the result of the action. . „ , Agriculture in the Sohoo.s. Article VIII, Section 1. of the Constitution of the State of Indiana, stipulates that, among other things, “It shall be the duty of the General Assembly to encourage by all suitable means, moral, intellectual, scientific and agricultural improvement.” President Washington, in his annual message to Congress, Dec. 7, 1796, recommended tho establishment of a national university, in which, among other things, the science of agriculture should be taught. “It will not be doubted,” he said, “that with reference to individual or national affairs, agriculture is of primary importance. In proportion as nations advance in population and other circumstances of maturity, tiffs truth becomes more apparent, and renders tne cultivation of the soil more and more an object of public patronage.” Hon. James Wilson, secretary of agriculture, in his annual report for 1898, commends the teaching of this science in the schools. He says; “There is a growing interest in the education that relates to production, and all classes of intelligent people favor it. More knowledge by the farmer of what he deals with every day would enable him to control conditions, produce more from an acre and contribute more to general welfare. * * * Nounng is being done-in most of the common schools of the State to cultivate and lead the mind to inquire into and store up facts regarding nature, so that the young farmer may be directed into the paths that lead to education concerning his life work. ' In a recent speech at Savannah. Ga., Air. Wilson said: "The young farmer of the South should study soil rather than dead languages; he should learn of the plant in preference to ancient history, and the feeding of animals before giving time to belleslettres. The study of the movement of moisture in the soil will pay better than the study of oratory. Barn-yard poulty offers greater rewards for its intelligent care than county offices.” . ... - In 1895, in New York city, a committee of distinguished citizens, among whom was Hon. A. S. Hewitt and Hon. W. B. Dodge, was appointed to inquire into the congested condition of the city, to ascertain the reason why so many were crowding into the metropolis, causing idleness and want. They reported that at the foundation of this deplorable condition was the discontent with farming which led to the migration of country people to the city. In their printed report they say; , , . , “One of the great underlying causes for the discontent that exists among the farmers is the fact that, as a class, they have no special training or education for their business. The methods that gave success in the past fail to do so at present. The soil has been depleted over a wide range of territory. The active, energetic young men needed on the farm to develop better possibilities are leaving it, because they have but little education or training fitting them for the business.” , . , The report suggests that the remedy is to begin "at the foundation and in the public schools.” Continuing, the report, says: “There is a solution for this most distressing experience through which we are passing in this most remarkable transition period. There is not the slightest doubt that we can and shall enter upon a higher development in agriculture in our country than we have ever known. There is no doubt that there will be a building up of millions of contented, prosperous and happy homes again upon soil that is to-day watered with tears. There are many evidences to believe that the blessed way of deliverance is to be through the pleasant pathway of greater knowledge, which lias always brought its blessings to everything to which it is applied. * * * There is a general recognition throughout the civilized countries that agriculture, the basic foundation upon which the life of the people must always depend, is impaired. With this cleaj* recognition today the light and power of science are being turned on to help in its upbuilding, the attention of public educators is being aroused and our institutions of learning, with their splendid equipments, are turning their attention more and more in the direction of building up an educated, trained and skillful class of men and women in agricultural knowledge, as they have heretofore done for other interests.” Sew York nnd Xatnre Slinly. The New York Legislature last spring appropriated $35,0C0 to carry forward the work of nature study. During the last twenty years marvelous advances have been made in the introduction of the science of agriculture into the public schools of Europe. M. Marcy Oyens, the head of the Dutch Board of Commerce and Industry, the president of the Agricultural Council, says: “Every guilder spent in the promotion of agricultural teachings brings back profits a hundredfold.” “Every franc spent in agricultural teaching brings a brilliant return,” says the Belgium minister of agriculture, in his message to Parliament last year. M. Lisserand attributes the great progress made by French agriculture since 1870, in a large measure, “to our schools, our professors, our experiment stations and the illustrious men of science, whom the administration has induced to devote themselves to the study of agricultural questions.” Hon. H. M. Jenkins, in his report to the Royal Commission on Technical Instruction, says: “The results of agricultural education in Denmark has been something extraordinary. Danish butter is now the best in the world, while in I*6o it was described by the British vice consul at Copenhagen as exceedingly bad.” The elaborate system of state education in France is only the creation of recent years. There are now more than six millions of children taught in the public schools of France, all of whom are instructed in the science of agriculture. M. Lisserand adds: “Our schools are now far better attended than they used to be; everywhere people are working with zeal, and the scientific spirit has invaded the farm. Young men of intelligence arc becoming more attached to rural life, and the children brought up in tho country districts, when they receive an appropriate agricultural education, will be less tempted to go to the towns to increase the already too great number of those chronic unemployed who constitute to-day a perpetual danger to society.” In Belgium the teaching of agriculture and horticulture has received great impulse since 1890. the government and local authorities combining their efforts in the direction of the most oowerful help to agriculture. Agricultural schools exist in every district, the state paying half the annual cost. In brief, all Europe in moving in the direction of advanced teachings in the science of agriculture. Ireland appointed a < nmmittee of her greatest statesmen, members of Parliament, to inquire into the depressed condition of Ireland and the remedy. After having Investigated the conditions in all Europe, and reporting on the marvelous progress now being made by reason of the teachings of the science of agriculture, they say: "For

the middle and upper classes of Ireland, speaking broadly, there are but three professions. A man has to make of his son cither u lawyer, doctor or clergyman- The Idea of treating as professions the callings of commerce, agriculture and manufactures, and of providing them with a special, professional education, is not known here. Yet there great professions stand at the head of the material interests of every country. They represent its productive forces, while the others, whatever their value otherwise, do not. They call for as wide and complex a variety of knowledge as any other profession. every branch of science is contributory to agriculture and commerce." I have quoted at length to show the trend of public sentiment in other countries. Tho abandoned farms in the older States sound a rote of warning. The hundreds of thousands of acres of worn-out and abandoned land in the South earnestly appeal to intelligent thought. In our own State much land fails to produce paying crops and is being neglected. Many well-meaning and industrious farmers who have to do directly with nature’s great laboratory are ignorant of its forces, and reckless waste of soil fertility is the result. Insect pests and fungus growth threaten serious inroads into tho profits of agriculture and horticulture. To he forewarned is to be forearmed. The time is opportune. Let Indiana take advanced steps in the introduction of this important science into her public school curriculum. I therefore recommend the enactment of a law looking to the introduction of nature study, or the primary principles of the science of agriculture into our school curriculum. Labor Com ml** loner*. This commission, through its acts, lias demonstrated the wisdom of the law that \ created it. The commissioners have, In a little more than eighteen months, investigated thirty-nine strikes and lockouts. They failed in but seven instances to adjust differences, and in two of these one party to the contests was nonresident, over whom the commissioners had no jurisdiction. In four of the cases the commission Investigated and reported the conditions of settlement. In twenty-eight contests satisfactory agreements were secured through the mediation of the commission, and in nineteen of these settlements the workingmen secured either an advance in wages or other improved eonditions. The commission was also instrumental in having two boycotts declared off, and in (he instances prevented strikes through timely mediation. So favorable has been tho impression of this peaceable adjustment upon both employers and employes that frequent expression has been made to the effect that tho services of the commission be invoked before allowing a strike to be inaugurated. Through the efforts of the commission 13.815 strikers have been put to work. Thus it is manifest that hundreds of thousands of dollars have been saved to capital and labor within our borders, tho peace and dignity of the State preserved, serious conn lets between employers and employes averted, and safety to life and property secured. I believe the time has come when such differences should be adjudicated in a lawful court of arbitration, where unbiased reason rules anti where the evidence of both parties is heard, rather than between the contesting parties after spirited differences have been fanned into bitter and acrimonious contest. I believe the finding of such court should be mandatory. Provision should t>e made whereby the aggrieved party could immediately appeal to the Circuit Court, the decision of this court to be binding and duly enforced. It Is a menace to the peace of the State and to life and property for corporations to be arming men to defend their plants and for discarded labor to be arming for revenge upon the newly employed labor or the business that gives them work. To prevent this hostile attitude the State should exercise its sovereign power and command these conflicting interests to come into court and settle their differences according to law and equity, thereby avoiding riot, bloodshed and the destruction of property. Coni Miners’ Strike f 1897. The labor commissioners of Indiana took the initiative looking to the settlement of striking coal miners, covering the coal fields of several States, in 1897. Desiring to acquaint myself with the true situation in Indiana, I appointed Judge T. J. Terhune and Hon. John B. Conner to visit the coal fields and thoroughly investigate tho situation. After a careful investigation they submitted their report, which included statements from operators and minors. I was thoroughly convinced that the workmen had not been paid “decent living wages.” The operators, admitting by reason of the stress of times and difficulty to makes sales, they undersold each other, thus forcing them to reduce wages until the wages of miners were too low, I issued a proclamation appealing to the people for relief for the destitute families of the idle miners. Tho people made liljerpl response, and much suffering' was thus prevented. The scale of wages was increased and the idle men wore given employment. Letters of thankfulness front these miners, with positive assurance that a high regard for the law would characterize their actions, since the State had been so considerate of their wants, forces tho conclusion that conciliation and arbitration will better preserve the dignity of the State and insure obedience to law than hitter strife and forceful measures. Kcn t ucky-lnri in nn Ilouiulnry Line. The long-standing contention with reference to the boundary line dividing tho States of Indiana and Kentucky at a point on the Ohio river, near Evansville, popularly known as Green River island, has been effectually set at rest by an official survey and the placing of appropriate posts and markers, under the supervision of a board of commissioners acting under the directions of an order of the Supreme Court of the United States. All expenses incident were defrayed by the States of Indiana and Kentucky jointly, and on the 24th of May. 1897, the commissioners rendered to tho court their final report, and were thereupon discharged. Public Printing:. The act of 1885, providing for public printing. binding and stationery, should be amended so as to more explicity state what departments should receive their printing and stationery out of the printing fund, and also the number of copies of each report that should be printed, exclusive of the documentary journal. In amending this law it would be well to reduce the number of Senate and House journals to the demand for the same. The number of Senate and House journals and documentary journals that have accumulated in the basement of the Statehouse augment the danger from fire, as well as revealing unnecessary expense in public printing. The printing board should have discretionary power where the Legislature creates new departments and fails to provide the necessary printing and stationery required in the discharge of their duties. There should he a law requiring better business methods in supplying the legislature with stationery and supplies of cliff front kinds. An •examination of the requisitions made by the committees of former Legislatures will emphasize the need for the law herein suggested. Klmli Commissioner. I beg to call especial atterftion to the valuable report of the state fish commissioner. Through a judicious appropriation, coupled with some wise laws for the protection and propagation of fish, and for the stocking of Indiana lakes and streams with game fish, this interest can be made a souree of revenue to the people of the State, as well as affording healthful recreation and wholesome sport. Two years ago the State was confronted with this serious problem. Suits had been instituted against the State for the contamination and fouling of the streams into which the sewage entered. The city of Louisville refused an outlet through tha city sewers, and the Legislature was confronted with a serious problem. An appropriation was made for the construction of a system for the filtration and chemical treatment of the sewage. The present board of trustees set about to solve this difficult question. The State was threatened with suits for maintaining a nuisance. Happily, the dangers seem averted and the troublesome question has been settled, as fully set forth in the biennial report of the managers of this institution. Live titiK'k Sanitary Commission. It is estimated that the loss of live stock from infectious and contagious diseases in this State amounts to from $3,000,090 id ?.*.- 000,000 annually. It is of great importance that heroic remedies be applied and that the highest veterinary skill shall he employed to stop or minimize this great loss. Our present law Is crude, expensive and does not meet the demands of rh? 'tv-stock interests. My distinguished predecessor, the lament* and Governor Matthews, In his message of 1897. after speaking of the -ruddy and expense of the present comnuaiftii, said: “l would recommend that the commission be discontinued, and in lieu thereof a competent veterinary surgeon be appointed by the Governor, to be known as ‘tha state veterinarian,’ and to discharge the duties now devolving upon the Sanitary Commission.” I desire to commend ihe above recommendation as teedful to best protect the live-stock Interests of the State. The veterinarian should make such scientific studv. investigation and experiments as he shall deem necessary in relation to the prevention and cure of diseases among animals and disseminate information concerning the same. Lccal health boards should co-operate