Indianapolis Journal, Volume 48, Number 340, Indianapolis, Marion County, 6 December 1898 — Page 2

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generous people already deeply touched by preceding events in Cuba, did not move them to an instant desperate resolve to tolerate no longer the existence of a condition of danger and disorder at our doors that made possible such a deed by whomsoever wrought. Yet the instinct of Justice prevailed and the Nation anxiously awaited the result of the searching investigation at once set on foot. The finding of a naval board of inquiry established that the origin of the explosion was external by a submarine mine, and only halted through lack of positive testimony to fix the responsibility of its authorship. PREPARATIONS FOR DEFENSE. All these things carried conviction to the most thoughtful, even before the finding of the naval court, that a crisis in our relations with Spain and toward Cuba was at hand. So strong was this belief that it needed but a brief executive suggestion to Congress to receive immediate answer to the duty of making instant provision for the then possible and perhaps speedily horrible emergency of war, and the remarkable, almost unique, spectacle was presented of a unanimous vote of both houses on the i>th of March appropriating $50,000.000 “for the national defense and for each and every purpose connected therewith, to he expended at the discretion of the President.’ 'I hat this act of provision came none too Soon was disclosed when the application of the fund was undertaken. Our coasts wer>- practically undefended, our navy needed large provision for increased ammunition and supplies, and even numbers t<.< cope with any sudden attack from the navy of Spain, which comprised modern Vessels of the highest type of continental perfection. Our army also required eni. rgement of men and munitions. The details of the hurried preparation for the dreaded contingency is told in the reports of the secretaries of war and navy, and need not be repeated here. It. is sufficient to say that the outbreak of war, when it did come, found our Nation not unprepared for the conflict. Nor was the apprehension of coming strife confined to our own country. It was felt by the continental powers, which, on April 6, through their ambassadors and envoys, addressed to the executive an expression of hope that humanity and moderation might mark the court-3 of this government and people, and that further mgotlations would lead to an Agreement which, while securing the maintenance of peace, would afford all necessary guarantees for the re-establishment of order in Cuba. Tn responding to that representation I said I shared the hope t-he envoys had expressed that peace might be preserved in a manner to terminate the chronic condition of disturbance In Cuba so injurious and menacing to our interests and tranquillity, as well as shocking to our sentiments of humanity; and, ■while appreciating the humanitarian and disinterested character of the communication they had made on behalf of the powers, I stated the confidence of this government for its part, that equal 'appreciation would be shown for its own earnest and unselfish endeavors to fulfill e duty to humanity by ending a situation the indefinite prolongation of which had become insufferable. Still animated by the 'nope of a peaceful solution and obeying the dictates of duty, no/effort was relaxed to bring about a epwedy ending of the Cuban struggle. Negotiations to this object continued actively with the government of Spain, looking to the Immediate conclusion of a six months’ armistice in Cuba with a view to effect the recognition of her people’s right to independence. Besides this, the instant revocation of the order of reconcentration was asked, so that the sufferers, returning to their homes, and, aided by united Spanish and American effort, might be put in a way to support themselves and for the orderly resumption of the well-nigh destroyed productive energies of tho island, contribute to the restoration of its tranquillity and well-being. Negotiations continued for some little time at Madrid, resulting in offers by the Spanish government which could not but be regarded inadequate. It was proposed to confide tha preparation of peace to the insular Parliament. yet to be convened under the autonomous decrees of November, 1897, but without impairment in any wise of the constitutional powers of the Madrid government, which, to that end, would grant an armistice, if solicited by the insurgents, for Buch time as the general-in-chief might see fit to fix. How and with what scope of discretionary powers the insular Parliament was expected to set about the “preparation” of peace did not appear. If It were to be by negotiation with the insurgents, the issue seemed to rest on the one side with a body chosen by a fraction of the electors in the ‘districts under Spanish control, and, on the other, with the insurgent population holding the Interior country, unrepresented in the eo-ealled Parliament and defiant at the suggestion of suing for peace. THE APRIL. WAR MESSAGE. Grieved and disappointed at this barren outcome of my sincere endeavors to reach a practical solution, I felt it my duty to remit the whole question to the Congress. In the message of April 11, 1898, I announced that, with this last overture in the direction of Immediate peace in Cuba, and Us disappointing reception by Spain, the effort of the executive was brought to an end. I again reviewed the alternative course of action which I had proposed, concluding that the only one consonant with international policy and compatible with our firm-set historical traditions was intervention as a neutral to stop the war and check the hopeless sacrifice of life, although that resort involved “hostile constraint upon both the parties to the contest, as well to enforce a truce as to guide the eventual settlement.” The grounds to justify that step were: The interests of humanity, the duty to protect the life and property of our citizens in Cuba, the right to check injury to our commerce and people through the deyastation of the Island, and, most important, the need of removing at once and forever the constant menace and the burdens entailed upon our government by the uncertainties and perils Os the situation caused by the unendurable disturbance in Cuba. I said: “The long trial has proved that the object for which Spain has waged the war cannot be attained. The fire of insurrection may game or may smolder with varying seasons, ut it hus not been, and it is plain that it cannot be, extinguished by present methods. The only hope of relief and repose from a condHtion which can no longer be endured is the enforced pacification of Cuba. In the name of humanity, in the name of civilization. in behalf of endangered American interests. which give us the right and duty to speak and to act, the war in Cuba must stop.” , , In view of all this, the Congress was asked to authorize and empower the President to take measures to secure a full and final termination of hostilities between Spain and the people of Cuba, and to secure in the Island the establishment of a stable government. capable of maintaining order and of observing its international obligations, insuring peace and tranquillity and the security of its citizens, as well as our own, and for the accomplishment of those ends to use the military’ and naval forces of the United States ns might be necessary, with added authority to continue generous relief to the Starving people of Cuba.

DECLARATION OP WAR. The response of the Congress after nine clays of earnest deliberation, during which the almost unanimous sentiment of your body was developed on every point save as to the expediency of coupling the proposed action with a formal recognition of the Republic of Cuba as the true and lawful government of that island—a proposition which failed of adoption—the Congress, after conference, on the 19th of April, by a vote of 43 to 35 in the Senate and 311 to 6 In the House of Representatives, passed the memorable joint resolution declaring: • First—That the people of the Island of Cuba are, and of right ought to be, free and independent. • Second—That it is the duty of the United States to demand, and the government of the United States does hereby demand, that the government of Spain at once relinquish its authority and government in the Island of Cuba and withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters. •'Third—That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, directed and empowered to use the entire land and naval forces of the United States and to call into the actual service of the United States the militia of the several States to such an extent as may be necessary to carry these resolutions into effect. "Fourth—That the United States hereby disclaims any disposition or intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction or control over said island except for the pacification thereof, and asserts Us determination when that is accomplished to leave the government and control of the Is and to its people.” DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS SEVERED. Thi* resolution was approved by the executive on the next day, April 20. A copy was at once communicated to the Spanish minister at this capital, who forthwith announced that his continuance in Washington had thereby become Impossible, and asked for his passports, which were given him. He thereupon withdrew from Washington, leaving the protection of Spanish Interests in the United States to the French ambassador and the Austro-Hungarian minister. Simultaneously with this communication to the Spanish minister General Woodford, the American minister at Madrid, was telegraphed eunnrmation of the text of

the joint resolution and directed to conv munlcate it to the government of Spain, with the formal demand that it at once relinquish its authority and government in the island of Cuba and tvithdraw its forces therefrom, coupling this demand with the announcement of the intention of this government as to the island, in conformity with the fourth clause of the resolution, and giving Spain until noon of April 23 to reply. That demand, although, as above shown, officially made known to the Spanish envoy here, was not delivered at Madrid. After the instruction reached General Woodford, on the morning of April 21, but before he could present it, the Spanish minister of state notified him that upon the President’s approval of the joint resolution the Madrid government, regarding the act as “equivalent to an evident declaration of war,” had ordered its minister in V’ashington to withdraw, thereby breaking off diplomatic relations between the two countries and ceasing all official communication between their respective representatives. General Woodford thereupon demanded his passports and quitted Madrid the same day. * OPENING OF HOSTILITIES. Cuban Port* Blockaded and Volunteer* Called for by the President. Spain, having thus denied the demand of the United States, and initiated that complete form of rupture of relations which attends a state of war, the executive powers authorized by the resolution were at once used by me to meet the enlarged contingency of actual war between sovereign states. On April 22 I proclaimed a blockade of the north coast of Cuba, including ports on said coast between Cardenas and Bahia Honda and the port of Cienfuegos, on the south coast of Cuba, and on the 23d of April I called for volunteers to execute the purpose of the resolution. By my message of April 25 the Congress was informed of the situation, and I recommended formal declaration of the existence of a state of war between the United States and Spain. Congress accordingly voted on the same day the act approved April 25, 1898, declaring the existence of such war from and including the 21st day of April, and re-enact-ed the provision of the resolution of April 22, directing the President to use all armed forces of the Nation to carry that act into effect. Due notification of the existence of war, as aforesaid, was given April 25 by telegraph to all the governments with which the United States maintain relations, in order that their neutrality might be assured during the war. The various governments responded with proclamations of neutrality, each after its own methods. It is not among the least gratifying incidents of the struggle that the obligations of neutrality were impartially discharged by all, often under delicate and difficult circumstances. In further fulfillment of International duty I issued, April 26, a proclamation announcing the treatment supposed to be accorded to vessels and their cargoes as to blockade, contraband, the exercise of the right of search and the immunity of leutral flags and neutral goods under enemy’s flag. A similar proclamation was made I y the Spanish government. In the conduct of hostilities the rules of the declaration of Paris, including abstention from resort to privateering, have accordingly been observed by both belligerents, although neither was a party to that declaration. Our country thus, after an interval of half a century of peace with all nations, found itself engaged in deadly conflict with a foreign enemy. Every nerve was strained to meet the emergency. The response to tho initial call for 125,000 volunteers was instant and complete, as was also the result of the second call of May 25 for 75,000 additional volunteera The ranks of the regular army were increased to the limits provided by the act of April 26. THE NAVY AND COAST DEFENSES. The enlisted force of the navy on the 15th day of August, when it reached its maximum, numbered 21,123 men and apprentices. One hundred and three vessels were added to the navy by purchase, one was presented to tho government, one leased and the four vessels of the International Navigation Company—the St. Paul, St. Louis, New York and Paris—were chartered. In addition to these the revenue cutters and lighthouse tenders were turned over to the Navy Department and becaihe temporarily a part of the auxiliary navy. The maximum effective lighting force of the navy during the war, separated into classes, was as follows: Four battle ships of the first class, one battle ship of the second class, two armored cruisers, six coast defense monitors, one armored ram, twelve protected cruisers, three unprotected cruisers, eighteen gunboats, one dynamite cruiser, eleven torpedo boats, fourteen old vessels of the old navy, Including monitors. Auxiliary navy: An auxiliary cruiser, twentyreight converted yachts, twentv-seven converted tugs, nineteen converted colliers, fifteen revenue cutters, four lighthouse tenders and nineteen miscellaneous vessels. Much alarm was felt along our entire Atlantic seaboard lest some attack might be made by the enemy. Every precaution was taken to prevent possible injury to our great cities lying along the coast. Temporary garrisons were provided, drawn from the state militia; infantry and light batteries were drawn from the volunteer force. About 12.000 troops were thus employed. The coast signal service was established for observing the approach of an enemy’s ships on the United States, and the lifesaving arid the lighthouse services cooperated, which enabled the Navy Department to have all portions of the Atlantic coast, from Maine to Texas, under observation. The auxiliary navy was created under the authority of Congress, and was officered and manned by the naval militia of the several States. This organization patrolled the coast and performed the duty of a second arm of defense. Under the direction of the chief of engineers, submarine mines were placed at the most exposed points. Before the outbreak of the war permanent mining casements and cable galleries had been constructed at all important harbors. Most of the torpedo material was not to be found in the market, and had to be specially manufactured. Under date of April 19 district officers were directed to take all preliminary measures, short of the actual attaching ol’ the loaded mines to the cables, and on April 22 telegraphic orders were issued to place the loaded mines in position The aggregate number of mines placed was 1,535 at the principal harbors, from Maine to California. Preparations were also made for the planting of mines at certain other harbors, but owing to the early destruction of the Spanish fleet these mines were not placed.

PRAISE FOR THE'SIGNAL CORPS. The signal corps was promptly organized, and performed service of the most difficult and Important character. Its operations during the wax covered the electrical connection of all coast fortifications, the establishment of telephonic and telegraphic facilities for the camps at Manila, Santiago and in Porto Rico. There were constructed 300 miles of line at ten great camps, thus facilitating military movements from those points in a manner heretofore unknown in military administration. Field telegraph lines were established and maintained under the enemy’s fire at Manila, and later the Manila-Rong-Kong cable was reopened. In Porto Rico cables were reop- ned over a discontinued route, and on land the headquarters of the commanding officer was kept in telegraphic or telephonic communication with the division commanders on four ditforent lines of operations. There was placed in Cuban waters a completely outfited su.p with war cables and cable gear suitable both for the destruction of communications belonging to the enemy and the establishment of our own. Two ocean cables were destroyed under the enemy’s batteries at Santiago. The day previous to the landing of General Shafter’s force at Caimanera, within tv enty miles of the landing place cable communications were established and cable station opened, giving d.rect communication with the government at Washington. Thin service was invaluable in directing the operations of the army and navy. With a total force of over 1/300, the loss was bv disease in camp and field, officers and men, included, only five. The national defense, under the $50,000,000 fund, was expended in large part by the army and navy, and the objects for which it was used are fully shown in the reports of the several secretaries. It was a most timely appropriation, enabling the government to strengthen Its defense and making prepaxations greatly needed in case of war. This fund being inadequate to tho requirements of equipment and for the conduct of the war, the patriotism of the Congress provided the means In the war revenue act of June 13 by authorizing a 3 per cent, popular loan, not to exceed $400.0(0,00), and by levying additional Imposts and taxes. Os the authorized loan. ksd.Otd.'W!) were otiend and promptly taken, the subscriptions so far exceeding the call as to cover it many times over, while, preference being given to the smaller bids, no single allotment exceeded Thin was a most encouraging and significant results, showing the vast re-

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1898.

sources of the Nation and the determination of the people to uphold their country’s honor. ♦- . REVIEW OF THE WAR, Dewey’s Victory and the Sea and Lund Buttle* Off and In Cuba. It is not within the province of this message to recount the history of the extraordinary war that followed the Spanish declaration of April 21, but a brief recital of its more salient features is appropriate. The first encounter of the war in point of date took place April 27, when a detachment of the blockading squadron made a reconnoissance in force at Matanzas. shelled the harbor forts and demolished several new works in construction. The next engagement was destined to mark a memorable epoch in maritime warfare. The Pacific fleet, under Commodore George Dewey, had lain for some weeks at Hong-Kong. Upon the colonial proclamation of neutrality being,issued, and the customary twenty-four hours’ notice given, it repaired to Mirs bay, near Hong-Kong, whence it proceeded to the Philippine islands under telegraphic orders to capture or destroy the formidable Spanish fleet then assembled at Manila. At daybreak on the Ist of May the American force entered Manila bay, and after a few hours’ engagement effected the total destruction of the Spanish fleet, consisting of ten war ships and a transport, including the naval station and forts at Cavite, thus annihilating the Spanish naval power in the Pacific ocean and completely controlling the bay of Manila with the ability to take the city at will. Not a life was lost on our ships, the wounded only numbering seven, while not a vessel was materially injured. For this gallant achievement the Congress, upon my recommendation. fitly bestowed upon the actors preferment and substantial reward. The effect of this remarkable victory upon the spirit of our people and upon the fortunes of the war was instant. A prestige of invincibility thereby attached to our arms, which continued throughout the struggle. Reinforcements were hurried to Manila, under command of Major General Merritt, and firmly established within the sight of the capital, which lay helpless before our guns. On the 7th day of May, the government was advised officially of the victory at Manila, and at once inquired of the commander of our fleet what troops would be required. This information was received on the 15th day of May. and the first army expedition sailed May 25, and arrived off Manila June 30. Other expeditions soon followed, the total force consisting of 641 officers and 15,058 men.

NO DIVIDED VICTORY. Only reluctance to cause needless loss of life and property prevented the early storming arid capture of the city, and therewith the absolute military occupancy of the whole group. The insurgents meanwhile had resumed the active hostilities suspended by the uncompleted truce of December, 1897. Their forces invested Manila from the northern and eastern side, but were constrained by Admiral Dewey and General Merritt from attempting an assault. It was fitting that whatever was to be done in the way of decb->.ve operations in that quarter should be accomplished by the strong arm of the United States' alone. Obeying the stern precept of war, which involves the overcoming of the adversary and the extinction of h power wherever assailable as the speedy and sure means to win a peace, divided victory was not permissible, for no partition of the rights and responsibility attending the enforcement of a just and advantageous peace could be thought of. Following the comprehensive scheme of attack powerful forces were assembled at various points on our coast to invade Cuba and Porto Rico. Meanwhile naval demonstrations were made at several exposed points. On May 11 the cruiser Wilmington and torpedo boat Winslow were unsuccessful in an attempt to silence the batteries at Cardenas against Matanzas, Worth Bagley and four seamen falling. These grievous fatalities were, strangely enough, among the very few which occurred during our naval operations in this extraordinary conflict. Meanwhile the Spanish naval preparations had been pushed with great vigor. A powerful squadron under Admiral Cervera, which had assembled at the Cape Verde islands before the outbreak of hostilities, had crossed the ocean, and by its erratic movements In the Caribbean sea delayed our military operations and baffled the pursuits of our fleets. For a time fears were felt lest the Oregon and Marietta, then nearing home after their long voyage from San Francisco of over 15.0 t miles, might be surprised by Admiral Cervera’s fleet, but their fortunate arrival dispelled these apprehensions and lent much needed reinforcement. Not until Admiral Cervera look refuge in the harbor of Santiago ue Cuba about the 9th was it practicable to plan a systematic military attack upon the Antillean possessions of 3pa : n. Several demonstrations occurred on the coasts of Cuba and Porto Rico in rttra’ation for the larger event. On May 13 the North Atlantic squadron shelled San Juan, Porto Rico. On May 30 Commodore Sciiky's squadron bombarded the forts guarding toe mouth of Santiago harbor. Neither E.Oacit had any material result. It was evident that well-ordered land operations were indispensable to achieve a decisive advantage. HOBSON’S THRILLING FEAT. The next action in the war thrilled not alone the hearts of our countrymen, but the world by its exceptional heroism. On the night of July 3 Lieutenant Hobson, aided by seven devoted volunteers, blocked the narrow outlet from Santiago harbor by sinking the collier Merrimac in the channel under a fierce fire from the shore batteries, escaping with their lives as by a miracle, but falling into the hands of the Spaniards. It is a most gratifying incident of the war that the bravery of this little band of heroes was cordially appreciated by the Spaniards, who sent a flag of truce to notify Admiral Sampson of their safety and to compliment them upon their daring act. They were subsequently exchanged July 7. By June 7 the cutting of the last Cuban cable isolated the island. Thereafter the invasion was vigorously prosecuted. On June 10, under a heavy protecting Are, a landing of six hundred marines from the Oregon, Marblehead and Yankee was effected in Guantanamo bay, where it had been determined to establish a naval station. This important and essential port was taken from the enemy after severe fighting by the marines, who were the first organized force of the United States to land in Cuba. The position so w r on was held, despite desperate efforts to dislodge our forces. By June 16 additional froces were landed and strongly intrenched. On June 22 the advance of the invading army, under Major General Shafter, landed at Baiquiri. about fifteen miles east of Santiago. This was accomplished under great difficulties, but with marvelous dispatch. On June 23 the movement against Santiago was begun. On the 24th the first serious engagement took place, in which the First ami Tenth Cavalry and the First United States Volunteer Cavalry, General Young’s brigade of General Wheeler’s division. participated, losing heavily. By nightfall, however, ground within five miles of Santiago was won. The advantage was steadily increased. On July 1 a severe battle took place, our forces gaining the outworks of Santiago: on the 2d El Caney and San Juan were taken after a desperate charge, and the investment of the city was completed. The navy co-operated by shelling the town and the coast forts. THE RATTLE OF JULY 3. On the day following this brilliant achievement of our land forces, July 3, occurred the decisive naval combat of the war. The Spanish fleet, aitempting to leave the harbor, was met by the American squadron, under command of Commodore Sampson. In less than three hours all the Spanish ships were destroyed, the two torpedo boats being sunk and the Maria Teresa. Almirante Oquendo, Vizcaya and Cristobal Colon driven ashore. The Spanish admiral and over 1,300 men were taken prisoners, while the enemy's loss of life was deplorably large—some 600 perishing. On our side but one njan was killed, on. the Brooklyn, and one man seriously wounded. Although our ships were repeatedly struck, not one was seriously Injured. Where all so conspicuously distinguished themselves, from ;ho commanders to the gunners and the unnamed heroes In the boiler rooms, each and all contributing toward the achievement of this astounding victory, for which neither ancient nor modern history affords a parallel in tho completeness of the event, and in the marvelous disproportion of casualties, it was invidious to single out arty for especial honor. Deserved promotion was awarded the most conspicuous actors. The Nation’s profoundest gratitude is due to ail of those brave men, who, by their skill and ievotion, in a few ghort hours crushed the sea itwer of Spain hnd wrought a triumph whose decisiveness and far-reaching conseluencea can scarcely be measured. Nor an we be unmindful of the achievements >f our builders, mechanics and artisans for heir skill, in the construction of our war ihlpfl. With the catastrophe of Santiago Spain’s effort upon the ocean virtually ceased. A

spasmodic effort toward the end of June to send her Mediterranean fleet, under Admiral Camara, to relieve Manila was abandoned, the expedition being recalled after it had passed through the Suez canal. The capitulation of Santiago followed. The city was closely besieged by land, while the entrance of our ships into the harbor cut off all relief on that side. After a truce to allow of the removal of noncombatants, protracted negotiations continued from July 3 until July 15, when, under menace of immediate assault, the preliminaries of surrender were agreed upon. On the 17th General Shafter occupied the city. The capitulation embraced the entire eastern end of Cuba. The number of Spanish soldiers surrendered was 22.000, all of whom were subsequently conveyed to Spain at the charge of the United States. The story of this successful campaign is told in the report of the secretary of war, which will be laid before you. The individual valor of officers and soldiers was never more strikingly shown than In the several engagements leading to the surrender of Santiago, while the prompt movements and successive victories won instant and universal applause. To those who gained this complete triumph, which established the ascendency of the United States upon land, as the fight off Santiago had fixed our supremacy or. t> e seas, the earnest and lasting gratitude o p lire Nation is unsparingly due. Nor should we alone remember the gallantry of the living': the dead claim our tears and our losses ay battle and disease must cloud any exultation at the result, and teach us to weigh the awful cost of war. however rightful the cause or signal the victory. THE PORTO RICO CAMPAIGN. With the fall of Santiago, Porto Rico became the next strategic necessity. General Miles had previously been assigned to organize an expedition for that purpose. Fortunately, he was already at Santiago, where he had arrived on the 11th of July, with reinforcements for General Shafter’s army. With these troops, consisting of 3.415 infantry and artillery, two companies of engineers and one company of the signal corps, General Miles left Guantanamo on July 21, having nine transports, convoyed by the fleet under Captain Higginson, with the Massachusetts (.flagship), Dixie, Gloucester, Columbia and Yale, the two latter carrying troops. The expedition landed at Guanica July 25, which port was entered with little opposition. Here the fleet was joined by the Annapolis and the Wasp, while the Puritan and Amphitrito went to San Juan and joined the New Orleans, which was engaged in blockading that port. The major general commanding was subsequently reinforced by General Schwann’s brigade of the Third Army Corps, by General Wilson, with a part of his division, and also by General Brooke with a pomun of his corps, numbering in all 19,572 officers and men. On July 27 he entered Ponce, one of the most important ports in the island, from which he thereafter directed operations for the capture of the Island. With the exception of encounters with the enemy at Guayarr a, Hondmuirs, Como and Yacca, and an attack on a force landed at Cape San Juan, there was no serious resistance. The campaign was prosecuted with great vigor, and by the 12th of August much of the island was in our possession and the acquisition of the remainder was only a matter of a short time. At most of the points in the island our troops were enthusiastically welcomed. Protestations of loyalty to the flag and gratitude for delivery from Spanish rule met our commanders at every stage. Asa potent influence toward peace the outcome of the Porto Rican expedition was of great consequence, and generous commendation is due to those who participated in It. The last scene of the war was enacted at Manila—its starting place. On Aug. 15, after a brief assault upon the works by the land forces, in which the squadron assisted, the capital surrendered unconditionally. The casualties were comparatively few. Ry this, conquest ol' the Philippine islands, virtually accomplished when the Spanish capacity for resistance was destroyed by Admiral Dewey’s victory of the Ist of May, was formally sealed. To General Merritt, his officers and men, for their uncomplaining and devoted services, for their gallantry in action, the Nation is sincerely grateful. Their long voyage was made with singular success, and the soldierly conduct of the men, most of whom were without previous experience In the military service, deserves unmeasured praise. KILLED AND WOUNDED. The total casualties in killed and wounded in the army during the war was as follows: Officers killed, 23; enlisted killed, 257. Total. 280. Officers wounded, 113; enlisted men wounded, 1,464. Total, 1,577. Os the Navy—Killed, 17; wounded, 67; died as a result of w r ounds, 1; invalided from service, 6. Total. 91. ~ It will he observed that, while our navy was engaged in two great battles and in numerous perilous undertakings in the blockades and bombardments, and more than 50,000 of our troops were transported to distant lands and engaged in assault, and siege and battle, and many skirmishes, in unfamiliar territory, we lost in both arms of the service a total of 1,668 killed and wounded, and In the entire campaign by land and sea we did not lose a gun or a flag or a transport or a ship, and. with the exception of the crew of the Merrimac, not a soldier or sailor was taken prisoner. On Aug. 7, forty-six days from the date of landing of General Shafter’s army in Cuba, and twenty-one days from the surrender of Santiago, the United States troops commenced embarkation for home, and our entire force was returned to the United States as early as Aug. 24. They were absent from the United Stakes only two months. It is fitting that I should bear testimony to the patriptism and devotion of that large portion of our army which, although eager to be ordered to the post of greatest exposure, fortunately, were not required outside of the United States. They did their whole duty, and. like their comrades at the front, have earned the gratitude of the Nation. In like manner the officers and men of the army and of the navy, who remained in their departments and stations of the Navy Department, performed most important duties connected with the war, and whose requests for assignment In the field and at sea 1 was compelled to refuse because their services were indispensable here, are entitled to the highest commendation. It is my regret that there stems to be no provision for their suitable recognition. In this connection, it is a pleasure for for me to mention in terms of cordial appreciation, the timely and useful work of the American Red Cross, botii In relief measures, preparatory to the campaigns, In sanitary assistance at several camps of assemblage, and later, under the able and experienced leadership of the president of the society, Miss Clara Barton, on the fields of battle and in the hospitals at the front in Culm. Working in conjunction with the governmental authorities and under their sanction and approval, and with the enthusiastic co-operation of many patriotic women and societies in the various States, the Red Cross has fully maintained its already high reputation for intense earnestness and ability to exercise the noble purpose of its international organization, thus justifying the confidence and support which It has received at the hands of the American people. To the members and officers of this society, and all who aided them in their philanthropic work, the sincere and lasting gratitude of the soldiers and the public is due and is freely accorded. , . In tracing these events we are constantly reminded of our obligations to the Divine Master for His watchful care over us and His safe guidance, for which the Nation makes reverent acknowledgement and offers humble prayer for the continuance of His favor.

PEACE NEGOTIATIONS. Signing: of tho Protocol and Appointment of Commissioners. The annihilation of Cervera’s fleet, followed by the capture of Santiago, having brought to the Spanish government a realizing sense of the hopelessness of continuing a struggle now becoming wholly unequal, it made overtures of peace through the French ambassador, who, with the assent of his government, had acted as the friendly representative of the Spanish interests during the war. On the 26th of July M. Cambon presented a communication signed by the Duke cf Almodovar, the Spanish minister of state, inviting the United States to state the terms upon which it would be willing to make peace. On July 30, by a communication addressed to the Duke of Almodovar and handed to M. Cambon, the terms of this government were announced, substantially as in the protocol, afterward signed. On Aug. 10 the Spanish reply, dated Aug. 7, was handed by M. Cambon to the secretary of state. It accepted unconditionally the terms Imposed as to Cuba, Porto Rico and an island of the Ladrones group, but appeared to seek to introduce inadmissible reservations in regard to our demand as to the Philippines. Conceiving that discussion on this point could neither be practicable or profitable. 1 directed that, in order to avoid misunderstanding, the matter should bo forthwith closed by proposing the embodiment In a formal protocol of the terms in which the negotiations for peace were to be undertaken. The vague and inexplicit suggestions cf the Spanish note could not bo accepted, the only reply being to present

as a virtual ultimatum a draft of a protocol embodying’ the precise terms tendered to Spain in our note of July 30, with added stipulations of detail a a to the appointment of commissioners to arrange for the evacuation of the Spanish Antilles. TERMS OF THE PROTOCOL*. On Aug. 1 2 M. Cambon announced his receipt of full powers to sign the protocol so submitted. Accordingly, on the afternoon of Aug. 12 M. Cambon, as the plenipotentiary of Spain, and the secretary of state, as the plenipotentiary of the United States, signed a protocol providing: “Article I. Spain will relinquish all claim of sovereignty over and title to’Cuba. “Article 11. Spain will cede to the United States the Island of Porto Rico and other islands now under Spanish sovereignty in the West Indies, and also an island in the Ladrones, to be selected b/ the United States. ■ Article 111. The. United States will hold and occupy the harbor, bay and city of Manila, pending the conclusion of a treaty of peace, which shall determine the control, disposition and government of the Philippines.” The fourth article provided for the appointment of joint commissions on the part of the United States and Spain, to meet in Havana and San Juan, respectively, for the purpose of arranging and carrying out the details of the stipulated evacuation of Cuba, Porto Rico and other Spanish islands in the West Indies. The fifth article provided for the appointment of not more than five commissioners on each side, to meet at Paris, not later than Oct. 1, and to proceed to the negotiation and conclusion of a treaty of peace, subject to ratification according to the respective constitutional forms of the two countries. The sixth and last article provided that upon the signature of the protocol hostilities between the two countries should be suspended, and that notice to that effect should be given as soon as possible by each government to the commanders of its military and naval forces. Immediately on the conclusion of the protocol, I issued a proclamation on Aug. 12, suspending hostilities on the part of the United States. The necessary orders to that end were at once given by telegraph. The blockade of the ports of Cuba and San Juan de Puerto Rico was in like manner raised. On Aug. 18 the muster out of 100,000 volunteers, or as near that number as was found to be practicable, was ordered. On Dec. 1, 101,165 officers and men had been mustered out and discharged from the services; 90,112 more will be mustered out by the 10th of the month. Also, a corresponding number of generals and general staff officers have been honorably discharged from the service. THE THREE COMMISSIONS. The military commissions to superintend the evacuation of Cuba, Porto Rico and the adjacent islands were forthwith appointed. For Cuba, Major General James F. Wade, Rear Admiral William T. Sampson, Major General Matthew C. Butler; for Porto Rico, Major General John R. Brooke, Rear Admiral Winfield S. Schley, Brigadier General William W. Gordon, who soon afterward met the Spanish commissioners at Havana and San Juan, respectively. The Porto Rican Joint commission speedily accomplished its task, and by Oct. 18 the evacuation of the island was completed. The United States flag was raised over the island at noon on that day. The administration of its affairs has been provisionally intrusted to a military governor until the Congress shall otherwise provide. The Cuban juint high commission has not yet terminated its labors. Owing to the difficulties in the way of removing the large number of Spanish troops still in Cuba, the evacuation cannot be completed before the Ist of January next. Pursuant to the filth article of the protocol, 1 appointed William R. Day, lately secretary of state; Cushman K. Davis, William P. Frye and George Gray, senators of the United States, and W r hitelaw Reid, to be the peace commissioners on the part of the United States. Proceeding in due season to Paris, they there met cn the Ist of October live commissioners similarly appointed on the part of Spain. The negotiations have made hopeful prog-* ress, so that I trust soon to be ab*e to lay a definite treaty of peace before the Senate, with a review of the steps leading to its signature. 1 do not discuss at this time the government or the future of the new possessions which will come to us as the result of the war with Spain. Such discussion will be appropriate after the treaty of peace shall be ratified. In the meantime, and until Congress has legislated otherwise, it will be my duty to continue the military governments which have existed since our occupation and give to the people security in life and property and encouragement under a just and beneficent rule. As soon as we are in possession of Cuba, and have pacified the island, it will be necessary to give aid and direction to its people to form a government for themselves. This should be undertaken at the earliest moment consistent with safety and assured success. It is important that our relations with these people shall be of the most friendly character and our commercial relations close and reciprocal. It should be our duty to assist in every proper way to build up the waste places of the island, encourage the industry of the people, and assist them to form a government which shall be free and independent, thus realizing the best aspirations of the Cuban people. Spanish rule must be replaced by a Just, benevolent and humane government, created by the people of Cuba, capable of performing all international obligations, and which shall encourage thrift industry and prosperity and promote peacg.and good will among all of the inhabitants, whatever may have been their relations in the past. Neither revenge nor passion should have a place in the new government. Until there is complete tranquillity in the island and a stable government inaugurated, military occupation will be continued.

FOREIGN RELATIONS. NO SERIOUS DISPUTES. Onr Intercourse with All Except Spain. Has Been Cordial. With the exception of the rupture with Spain, the intercourse of the United States with the great family of nations has been marked with cordiality, and the close of the eventful year finfls most of the issues that necessarily arise in the complex relations of sovereign states adjusted or presenting no serious obstacle to a just and honorable solution by amicable agreement. A long unsettled dispute as to the extended boundary between Argentine and Chile stretching along the Andean crests from the southern border of the Atacama desert to Magellan straits, nearly a third of the length of the South American continent, assumed an acute stage in the early part of the year and afforded to this government occasion to express the hope that the resort to arbitration already contemplated by existing conventions between the parties might prevail despite the grave difficulties arising in its application. I am happy to say that arrangements to this end have been perfected, the questions of fact upon which the respective commissioners were unable to agree being in course of reference to her Britannic Majesty for determination. A residual difference touching the northern boundary line across the Atacama desert for which existing treaties provided no adequate adjustment bids fair to be settled in like manner by a joint commission, upon which the United States minister at Buenos Ayres has been invited to serve as umpire in the last resort. I have found occasion to approach the Argentine government with a view to removing difference rate charges imposed upon the cables of an American corporation in the transmission between Buenos Ayres and the*cities of Uruguay and Brazil of through messages passing from and to the United States. Although the matter is complicated by exclusive concessions by Uruguay and Brazil to foreign companies, there is strong hope that a good understanding will be reached and that the important channels of commercial communication between the United States and the Atlantic cities of South America may be freed from an almost prohibitory discrimination. INTERCHANGE OF CABLEGRAMS. In this relation I may be permitted to express my sense of the fitness of an international agreement whereby the Interchange of messages over connecting cables may be regulated on a fair basis of uniformity. The world has seen the postal system developed from a congeries Independent and exclusive service into a well-ordered union, of which all countries found the manifold benefits. It would be strange were the nations not in time brought to realize that modern civilization, which owes so much of Its progress to the annihilation of space by the electric force, demands that this unimportant mear.s of communication, a herltag of all peoples, bo administered aud regulated in their common behoof. A step in this direction was taken when the international congress, in ISB4, for the protection of submarine cables, was signed, and the day is. I trust, ntrf far off when this medium for the transmission of thought from land to land may be brought within the domain of the international concert as completely as is the material carriage of

1887 —11 89*900 1895—19,526,000 1896-21,973,000 1897-22,585,000 The ever-increasing popularity and the pre-eminence of Apollinaris is clear to all from the foregoing quantities bottled at the Apollinaris Spring, Rhenish Prussia. THE TIMES , LONDON\ speaking of APOLLINARIS , says: These figures are more eloquent than words.

commerce and correspondence upon the face of the w’aters that divide them. Tne claim of Thomas Jefferson Page against Argentina, which has been pending many yeats, has been adjusted. The sum awarded by the Congress of Argentina was $1,212.35. The sympathy of the American people has justly been offered to the ruler and the people of Austria-Hungary by reason of the affliction that has lately befallen them in the assassination of the Empress-Queen of that historic realm. On the 10th of September, 1897, a conflict took place at Lattimer, Fa., between a body of striking miners and the sheriff of Luzerne county and his deputies, in which twenty-two miners were killed and fortyfour wounded, of which ten of the killed and twelve of the wounded were Austrian and Hungarian subjects. This deplorable event naturally aroused the solicitude of the Austro-Hungarian government, which, on the assumption that the killing and wounding involved the unjustifiable misuse of authority, claimed reparation for the sufferers. Apart from the searching investigation and peremptory action of the authorities of Pennsylvania, the federal executive took appropriate steps to learn the merits of the case, in order to be in a position to meet the urgent complaint of a friendly power. Tlie sheriff and his deputies, having been indicted for murder, were tried and acquitted, after protracted proceedings and the hearing of hundreds of witnesses, on the ground that the killing was in the line of their official duty to uphold law and preserve public order in the State. A representative of the Department of Justice attended the trial and reported its course fully. With all the facts in its possession, this government expects to reach a harmonious understanding on the subject with that of Austria-Hungary, notwithstanding the renewed claim of the latter, after learning the result of the trial, for indemnity for its Injured subjects. M’CORD CLAIM ADJUSTED. The claim of Victor H. McCord against Peru, which, for a number of years, had been pressed by this government and has on several occasions attracted the attention of the Congress, has beer satisfactorily adjusted. A protocol wis signed May 17, IS9B, whereby, the fact of liability being admitted, the question of the amount to be awarded was submitted to the chief justice of Canada as sole arbitrator. His award sets the indemnity due the claimant at SIO,OOO. The government of Peru has given the prescribed notification of its intention to abrogate the treaty of friendship, commerce and navigation concluded with this government Aug. 31, 1897. As that treaty contains many important provisions necessary to the maintenance of commerce and good relations which could with difficulty be replaced by the nomination of renewed provisions within the brief twelve months intervening before (he treaty terminates. I have invited suggestions by Peru as to the particular provisions it is desired to annul, in the hope of reaching an arrangement whereby the remaining articles may be provisionally saved. Following close upon the rendition of the award of my predecessor as arbitrator of the claim of the Italian subject, Cerruti, against the republic of Colombia, differences arose between the parties to the arbitration in regard'to the scope and extension of the award, of which certain articles were contested by Colombia, while Italy claimed their literal fulfillment. The award having been made by the President of the United States, as an act of friendly consideration and with the sole view to an impartial composition of the matter in dispute. I could not but feel concern at such a miscarriage, and, while unable to accept the C oiom bia theory that I, In my official capacity, possessed continuing function as arbitrator, with power to interpret or revise the terms of the award, my best efforts were lent to bringing the parties to a harmonious agreement as to the execution of Its provisions. A naval demonstration by Italy resulted in an engagement to pay the liabilities claimed upon their ascertainment, but this apparent disposition of the controversy was followed by a rupture of diplomatic intercourse between Colombia and Italy, which still continues, although fortunately without acute symptoms having supervened. Notwithstanding this, efforts are reported to be continuing for the ascertainment of Colombia’s contingent liability on account of Cerruti's debts under the fifth article of the award. A claim of an American citizen against the Dominican Republic for a public bridge over the Ozama river, which has been in diplomatic controversy for several years, has been settled by expert arbitration, and an award In favor of the claimant amounting to about $99,000. It, how r ever, remains unpaid, despite urgent demands for its settlement according to the terms of the compact. EXTRADITION TREATIES. The Interpretation of certain provisions of the extradition convention of Dec. 11, 1861, ha3 at various times been the occasion of controversy with the government of Mexico. An acute difference arose in tne case of the Mexican demand for the delivery of Jesus Guerrera, who, having led a marauding expedition near the border with the proclaimed purpose of initiating an Insurrection against President Diaz, escaped into Texas, extradition was refused on the ground that the alleged offense was political in its charafcter, and, therefore, came within the treaty proviso of non-surrender. The Mexican contention was that the exception only related to purely political offenses, and that as Guerrera's acts were admixed with the common crime of murder, arson k'dnaping and robbery, the option of non-delivery’ became viod, a position which this government was unable to admit, in view of the received international doctrine and action of th* mi t ter. The Mexican government, in view of (Continued on Fourth Page.)

f* ’ike crazy patebased of bits of jstors. All of mtribute somebaby’s physical Qtal or moral The mother es the largest share. To a great extent the health of a child depends upon the health of the mother, both before and after birth. If, during the period of expectancy, the mother enjoys good general and local health, she will have a child with a robust body, an alert brain and vigorous health. You cannot expect such a child from a weak, sickly, nervous, despondent woman, who is broken down by derangements and disease of the distinctly feminine organs. A woman in that condition is almost sure to have a puny, sickly, peevish baby. Dr. Pierce’s Favorite Prescription is the best preparation for motherhood. It relieves maternity of its dangers, and of almost all its pain.* It restores the delicate and important organs that bear the brunt of maternity to perfect health and strength and assists the regular and healthful performance of all the natural functions. It banishes the ailments of the critical period, and makes baby’s debut easy and almost painless. It insures the little new-comer’s nealth. Thousands have testified to its merits. Good medicine dealers sell it, and no honest druggist will insult your intelligence bv urging upon you something else as "just as good." The ‘‘just as good" kind is dear at any price, Mrs. F. B. Cannings, of No. 4330 Humphrey Street, St. Louis, Mo., writes: "I am now the happy mother of a fine, healthy baby girl. I feel that your ' Favorite Inscription ’ has none me more £ood than auvthing 1 have ever taken. I took three bottles of the * Prescription.’ and the consequences were I was only in labor fortyfive minutes. With my first baby I suucrea eighteen hours, and then had to lose him.” A $1.50 home doctor-book free. For a paper-covered copy of Dr. Pierce’s Common Sense Medical Adviser send 21. one-cent stamps to cover cost of mailing only. Cloth binding 10 cents extra. Addrtb# Dr. R. V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y.

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Use Judgment First All those people who are studying th* question of paints, should use judgment in making their choice. With all the grades of paints to select from there is no reason why you should put the wrong paints upon your house. Our special grades for special purposes will fill your wants and give vou satisfaction. Indianapolis Paint and Color Cos. PAINT MAKERS, 240 to 248 Massachusetts Avenue. STENCILS.STAMPS, FREE BADGES. CHECKS 1&TEL.1386. 15 SMERIDIAN St Groump Floor. | 1 REPORT OF THE CONDITION OF THE MEIb chants' National Bank of Indianapolis, at Indianapolis, in the Slate of Indiana, at the close of business Dec. 1, 1898: RESOURCES. Loans and discounts $1,444,MG.1S Overdrafts, secured 210.97 U. S. bunds to Becure circulation, 5 per cents 60,000.00 U. S. bonds to secure U. S. deposits, 3 and 5 per cents #00,000.00 U. S. bonds on hand 33,060.00 City of Indianapolis, Mariun county and other (Kinds 316,181,11 Due from national banks (not reserve agents) $353,330.33 Due from State bunks and bankers 315,178.09 Due from approved reserve agents 355,192.43 & Checks and other cash items. 9,137.08 Exchanges for clearing house 65,339.8# i j'; Notes of other national !j> banks 118,896.00 i Fractional paper currency, nickels and cents 1,036.11 Lawful money reserve in bank, viz.: Snecie— Gold $235,795.00) Silver 31,300.00) 267,295.00 Legal-tender notes 125,000.00 —1,610,406 53 Redemption fund with U. 8. treasurer (5 per cent, of circulation) 2,250.00 Premiums on U. S. bonds 28,509.00 Vaults, furniture and fixtures 17,500.00 Total $4.412, Ml. 6# LIABILITIES. Capital stock paid in $1,000,000.00 (Surplus fund 1i>5,000.00 Undivided profits, less expenses and taxes paid 32.117.01 National bank notes outstanding 45,000.00 Due to other national banks. $264,231.10 Due to State banks and bankers 66,043.29 Individual deposits subject / to ch0ck......* 1,633,410.00 Demand certificates of deposit 897,215.46 Certified checks 7,844.88 Cashier’s checks outstanding 1.780.09 U. 8. deposits 860,01)0.00—3,230,824.1# Total ■* $4,412,M1.8$ State of Indiana, County of Marion, es. I, Oscar F. Frenzel, cashier of the abovs-named bank, do solemnly swear that the above statement is true to the best of my knowledge and belief. OSCAR F. FRENZEL. Cashier. Subscribed and sworn to before me this sth day Os December, 1898. FREDERICK BAGGR Correct—Attest: Notary Pub. Tr. J. P. FRENZEL, JaS. F. FAILEY, FRED'K FAHNLEY. Directors. REPORT OF THE CONDITION OF THE CAPital National Bank, at Indianapolis, in the Stats of Indiana, at the close of business Dec. 1, 1808: RESOURCES. Loans and discounts $1,060,672.#t Overdrafts, secured and unsecured 2,832.00 U. S. bonds to secure circulation *9,009.00 U. 8. bonds to secure U. S. deposits.. 169.000.00 U. 8. bonds on hand 4.#r,o.<v) Premiums on U. S. bonds 37,919.00 Stocks, securities, etc 69,451.40 Furniture and fixtures 2,500.00 Other real estate and mortgages owned 21,739.67 Due from national hanks (not reserve agents).- $56,319.08 Due from State banks and bankers 18,549.21 Due from approved reserve ' agents 140,797.95 Checks and other cash items. 62.239.61 Exchanges for clearing house 8,960.53 Notes of other national banks 17,003.00 Fractional paper currency, nickels and cents 360.47 Lawful money reserve in bank, viz.: Specie 69 032.00 Legal-tender notes 32.000 00— 893.261.■ Redemption fund with U. S. treasurer (5 per cent, of circulation) 8.600 00 Total $1,826,926.78 LIABILITIES. Capita! stock paid In $300,000 00 Surplus fund 60,000.00 Undivided profits, less expenses and taxes paid 14.174 M National bank notes outstanding 72,000.0# Due to other .tatlonal banks. $277,842.88 Due to Stats banks and bankers 246,417.86 Individual deposits subject to check 526,010.24 Demand certificates of deposit 128.791.88 Certified checks 15,206.14 Cashier's checks outstanding 40,608.73 U. S. deposits 146.876.0b—1,880,TE8.6# Total $1,836,926.78 State of Indiana, County of Marion. ss. I, W\ F. Churchman, cashier of the abovsnumed bank, do solemnly swear that the above statement Is true, to the best of my knowledge and belief. W\ F. CHURCHMAN. Csshier. Subscribed end sworn to before me this 6th day of December, 1898, CHARLES ALTON. Correct—Attest: Notary Public. M. R WILSON. N. F. DALTON, K, 8. BYR*M Directors. •• —•