Indianapolis Journal, Volume 48, Number 198, Indianapolis, Marion County, 17 July 1898 — Page 16

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THE CHURCH IN SPAIN HOW ITS POWER IS VIEWED lIY THE PROGRESSIVES AND LIBERALS. - —♦ The War In a Severe Moral Hln*v to Them—The Vlllnice Padre and W hat He Dor for Hln I'nrlihlonerii. Madrid letter in New York Post. There is a large party in Spain to whom the w'ar with the United States has come as a crushing blow', altogether independently of and apart from all consideration of its political and material aspects. The blow to this party has been a moral one—the destruction, in a certain sense, of an ideal of intellectual progress, ardently cherished by them, which not only harmonized intimately with what they regarded as the American ideal, but for the attainment of which fruitful Inspiration was to be found, they believed, in the intellectual life of the great republic, as they delighted to call the United States. The men of this party, withdrawn for the most part from polities, ardently desire the regeneration of Spain, which has been retarded and interrupted by her unhappy wars. They see clearly and they acknowledge freely the national weaknesses and defects; snd believing as they do that the only sure basis of a nation’s prosperity is the moral and Intellectual elevation of her people, they would lay the foundations of regenerated Spain in the schoolroom. There they would inculcate principles of broad humanity; they would turn the eyes of the young from the too steady contemplation of the past to the wide outlook which the future offers them; they would teach the trades and arts of’ peace with all the perfection made possible by modern discovery. They would thus prepare; the way for the development of the vast hidden wealth of the country—her mineral and agricultural resources, her industries and her commerce —and they would counterbalance the effect of the now too highly esteemed virtue of giving by teaching the morality of the modern virtue of getting. And as many of these men are engaged in educational work, some of them being at the head of important institutions of learning, others at the head of museums and libraries, they are familiar with the ground they tread in this sphere, and they know what seeds will at the same time best respond to cultivation, and, when they attain fruition, supply existing needs. Bu *..crippled as they are in the prosecution or their aims by lack of resources, more slender now than ever before, because of the more urgently pressing claims of the present war, they can do little more for the time than lament the existing state of things. And this is one reason why they deplore the war. But they deplore it still more for its moral effects, which they regard as even more pernicious, than for its material effects. They deplore It because of the hatred between the two peoples which will naturally result from it; because of the Inevitable alienation of their sympathies from each other, which will continue long after the war has ceased, and the consequent cessation, for a long time to come, of eueh communication as there has been between them. RELIGIOUS REFORMERS. Os this large party many, while not, strictly speaking, opposed to the teachings of the Catholic Church, are, more or less, religious refotmers. They believe that the clerical element forms too large a part of the national iife; that while in past ages the clergy occupied a place In the life of the nation which only they could fill, and which they In general filled well and wisely, In the modem order of things this has ceased to be the case, and the preponderating Influence of the church in secular affairs has become prejudicial to the welfare of the state. Even In the department of education they would confine within very narrow limits the action of the clergy; and from the sphere of private life they would exclude It except in so far as It serves to interpret faithfully the religious and the moral law and to render aid in their fulfillment. And they believe further that where this action is not desired it should not extend, and that each one should be left at liberty, without incurring social or religious ostracism for availing himself of it to work out his own salvation In his own way. In this party are to be found the names ©f many men distinguished in Spanish letters, and it may be mentioned in proof of the toleration cf the people at large that neither socially nor in literary reputation and success have they suffered or do they Buffer because of the views which they hold on this point, and which they make no hesitation in proclaiming. To deduce from what has been said, however, that the influence of the clergy in the community is on the whole prejudical would be altogether erroneous. There are among them many excellent, many saintly men whose example and whose teaching make only for good. In the small towns and villages, especially, where the priest comes necessarilv and constantly into intimate, pergonal relations with the members of his flock, whose confidant and counsellor he is in all their difficulties and troubles, and whose life, exposed to the view of all. exemplifies most frequently the virtues which he preaches—here the priest still has Ids place, which no one can yet fill as well as he. He is the friend as w'ell as the confidant and counsellor of his flock, with the needy members of which ho shares freciv his slender stock of worldly possessions. His intelligence may not always be equal to the task of explaining lucidly to his congregation the mysteries of their common faith, or even of penetrating very profoundly the mysteries of that faith himself; but when they are sick and in sorrow he consoles and cheers them; when they have gone astray he brings them back, most often with gentle hand, to the right path; when they are glad he rejoices with them; and when the hour comes !n which they must render their final account to the Power they obey, he helps them to straighten out the account, leaving, if it be possible, a balance In their favor, and he sustains them with words of hope and comfort in their passage into the dread unknown. WOMEN ARE FAITHFUL,. But in the largo cities, from whatever reaewn, the clergy do not In general exercise this personal influence over their parishioners. The women, indeed, as a wholf, it may be said, still faithfully follow the precepts of the church, and are devout believers In the mysteries of their religion, whose minister is invested in their estimation with the sanctity of his office. And there is among the men also a class, though not a very large one, who are sincere and conHlstent believers: but the religious attitude of the vast majority of the men who have gone through school and through college and especially if they have traveled in foreign countries, may be best described as one of optimistic agnosticism. Thev conform outwardly with the requirements of the church; they offend in no way the susceptibilities of the devout, but thev have parted with the faith of their bovhood; they have yielded to the influence of the modern •pirit of unbelief, though in the unbelief of the Spaniard, as I have implied, there is nothing of cynicism or bitterness. And that they have lost their belief in degma has not caused them to lose their belief in goodness and justice, and in the human virtues that w'ere, after all. as highly esteemed and as greatly honored among some of the pagan nations as they have ever been among Christians. In elaboration of this point a passage in a contemporary Spanish writer occurs to my mind, which 1 will copy here. “In examining the idegd constitution of Spain," the writer referred to says, "the moral and in a certain nva.iner ihe religious element which Is seen to underlie every other, serving them as a foundation, is stoicism; not the brutal and heroic stoicism of Cato nor the serene and majestic stoicism of Marcus Aurelius nor the rigid and exaggerated stoicism of Epictetus, but the natural and human stoicism of Seneca. Seneca is not a Spaniard by chance; he is by his inmost nature a Spaniard. * • • All the teachings of Seneca may bo condensed in the following precept: “Do not. allow thyself to be vanquished by anything external to thy spirit; consider, in the midst of the accidents of life, that thou hast within thyself a - creative force, something strong and indestructable, like a diamond pivot around which revolve the petty events that form the web of dally life; and Jet the events that befall thee be what they may. let them be what we call prosperous or what we call adverse or such as seem to degrade us by their contact, maintain thyself ao firm and so erect that it may always be •aid of thee nt least that thou art a man." The foregoing observations regarding the religious situation in Spain do not apply, it Is to be understood, to the Basque provinces. The country of Loyola and the stronghold

of the expiring tradition of Carllsm has not yet been stirred by the revolutionizing spirit of modem free thought. Nor do they apply at all to the work of the religious orders, which would furnish a fruitful theme for discussion. My Ship at Sea. Whichever way the wind doth blow. Some heart is glad to have It so; Then, blow St east or blow it west. The wind that blows, that wind is best. My little craft sails not alone: A thousand fleets from every zone Are out upon a thousand seas; What blows for one a favoring breeze Might dash another with the shock Os doom upon some hidden rock. And so I do not care to pray For winds to waft me on my way. But leave it to a higher will To stay or speed me, trusting still That ail is well, and sure that He Who launched my hark will sail with me Through storm and calm, and will not fail. Whatever breezes may prevail. To land me, every peril ist. Within the sheltered haven at last. Then, whatsoever wind doth blow, My heart is glad to have it so; And. blow it east or blow it west. The wind that blows, that wind is best ENGLISH PROPER NAMES. When Pronounced Their Spelling la of No Value \\ hatever. Chicago News. It cannot be too strongly Insisted that no one knows how to pronounce a British proper name, unless he has been accustomed to hearing it properly pronounced by an Englishman, or unless he has looked it up recently in a pronouncing biographical dictionary. Many names common to England and the United States serve only to Increase the confusion for the Americana, with rare exceptions, permit the spelling to govern the sound, as is only too usual with us; while the Briton seems to regard the letters of which his name is composed as something to be avoided in so far as they have any orthoepical meaning. In other instances the Americans accomplish the same thing by making the spelling conform to the speech—Secretary "Windcm, for example, had for his own name Wyndham; while Vice President Hobart’s name Is pronounced exactly like the name Hubbart or Hubbard In the old country. The publication recently of a long table of “peculiarly pronounced proper names” in Who's Who, 1898, revives interest in tills study of British eccentricity, though the list is full of inaccuracies which mark too hasty an acquisition of the knowledge it purports to impart. Gladstone, it is rather generally known, has the name pronounced as If the last syllable ■were spelled “stun" rather than "stone,’’ and this is true of Blackstone, Buckstone and many more with the same ending, the two given being also spelled Blaxton and Buxton. Generally speaking, also; names ending in “oke" are to be pronounced as if spelled "ook”—Broke and Brooke, Coke and Cook, Roke and Rook, being instances of variant means of conveying the same sounds. Pore, Poor, More, Moore are of the same kind. The endings “ys" and “is" generally have the simple sound of “s" or “z”—as if the vowel were not there at all. Charteris, Chartres and Charters are the same name; so are Knollys and Knowles, Sandys and Sands, Weemys, Pepys and Pipps. sometimes peeps and peps, while “es” shows a variation between lnnes and Innis, disyllable, and Sondes and Robartes, where the “e" is silent. “Er” is almost invariably to be sounded as if “ar.” Berkeley, barkly; Derby, darby; Ker, Kerr, car; Hervey, harvey; Hartford, hartford; Jervis, jarvis; Clerke, Clark; Merchaunt, marchant; are a few instances of what may be laid down as a rule with rare exceptions. In similar wise, the ending “ham" is almost invariably "um” and a preceding “t” is not softened. In England Waltham is waltum; Gotham, gotum; Hotham, hutum; Benthi m, bentum, and so on. Another list of eccentricities come from names beginning with “St.” A partial list includes St. Maur, seemer; St. Leger, sillenger; St. Clair, sinkler; St. John, sinjun; St. Barbe, simbaru, and many more. As an ending “ough" is "uff” in Gough, and “o" in Stough; in the middle of words it is even more inconsistent, Boughton being bovvtun; Broughton either browtun or brawtun, while Stoughton and Houghton are pronounced according to individual taste, as “ow,” “aw" or “o.” Donoughmore is dunnumoro and McDonough, macdunno. Two curious names are Lee, Lea, Ley, Legh and Leigh, and Ray, Raye, Rea, Reay and W rey. “Wode" is “wood” in Chetwode and Wodehouse, and “fote” is “foot” in Pauncefote. "Burgh” is “buro ’ in Jedburgh, Edinburgh, Yerburgh (yar), and Scotch names generally; but the Scotch “z” presents more difficulties, being “y" as a rule; Dalzell is dee-ull; Menzies, meenyez, and there are one or two more which bear testimony to the practical identity of the black letter “z" and “y.” A whole series of names ending with a double letter which are accented on the last syllable in America are given the first on the stress abroad. Among these may be mentioned Bennett, Burnett, Burdett, Buzzeli, Frizell, Meynell (mennell), Parnell and many more. This American accentuation has grown up within the memory of living men. Forty years ago the English and American pronunciations were not at variance. The British accent these trisyllable names on the middle syllable; Aehonry (aconry), Arbuthnot (arbuthnut), Athenry, Bolltha (boly-tho, with the “th" as in “then”), Bteadalbane (bredawlbin), Cadogan (cadduggan), Carmichael, Carnegie, Clanrickarde, Dumaresq (doomerik), Fermanah (fermanna), Kilmorey (kilmurry), Montgomery (inungumry), Montresor (montrezur), Rathdonell, Tredegar (tredeegar); while these are accented on the first of their three syllables; Acheson, Baggallay (baggaly), Beaconsfleld (becconztield), Bellingham (belllnjum)—a complete exception; Boisragon (borragon), Bollingbrok (bollinbrook), Challoner, Devereux (either deveroo or deveroox). Du Buisson (dewbisson), Dynevorz (dinnevor), Feversram (Favvershum), Le-veson-Gower (loosun-gore), Mainwaring (mannering), Majendie, Molyneux (molinoox). Pennycuick (pennicook), Saumerez (summery), Thesiger (thessijer), and Westenra (westernray). Occasionally entire syllables are dropped out—and there Is no rule whatever for this —as in Abergavenny (abergenny), Bicester (bister), Cholmondeley or Cholmeley (chumly). Claverhouse (clayverse), Colouhoun (cohoon), Drogheda (drawdah), Hawarden (harden), McGillicuddy (macllcuddy) and Waldegrave (wolgrave). This is confessedly incomplete, but it will serve to indicate to the unwary the nature of the difficulties attaching to a small branch of the “Queen’s English." ORIGIN OF THE FAN. Some Interesting; Facts About Its fiirly Use. New York Tribune. Japanese folk-lore contains many curious legends about the origin of the fan. One of the prettiest of them attributes it to the action of the fair daughter of a nobleman, who, when almost overcome from excessive heat, removed her mask to allow the air to reach her, but not daring, to take it entirely off, just raised it and gently wafted it back and forth, without uncovering her face. Another tale about the first fan is founded on the old Sanscrit poem, which tells of the daughter of the King who had "charge of the sacred fire upon which her father’s success and glory depended,” and how it would not burn or even keep alive “except when fanned by her own sweet breath.” The most authentic account of all is found in a quaint old Chinese book, entitled “A Child's Guide to Knowledge,” where can be found a long account of the invention of the fan “by the Emperor Aseim Yuan, who came to the throne in the year B. C. 2699,” and then it states a little further on. how general the custom of using the fan was during the earliest centuries of the Chinese era. All sorts of materials were used for these fans—palm leaf. leatheT, bamboo and the plumage of birds, while a little later, as the manufacture of them came to be more of an industry, ivory, carved wood and metal, as well as paper and tortoise-shell were used. Those of the more elaborate make were used by the court families. Indeed. an old Chinese poem mentions a fan of pheasant’s feathers being used by a member of royalty. Those of the commoner materials were utilized by slaves to cool the air in the rooms and to drive away the pests of insects with which such countries were always infested. This was the great use of the palm-leaf fans, and they were utilized in such service in all the warm countries from the earliest times. Traces of fans of this kind can be seen on the bass reliefs in the ruins of temples in Assyria, which shows plainly that that country knew the use of the fan from the remotest time. The folding fan is supposed to have been invented by the Japanese, and many of their oldest gods are represented holding fans. One old account of the folding fan states that whether the folding fan originated by a sovereign observation of the wings of a bat or was suggested by the natural folding of a palm leaf must be left to conjecture.” To trace the history of the fan is in a great measure to recall a large portion of the history of each nation, for this little ornament has played a prominent part in the life and destiny of every land. In the countries situated in the warmer zones the use of the fan has become so universal that it Is, and has been for many centuries, a part of the general costume, as in China, Japan, Egypt and Arabia. In the eariy middle ages its use assumed a religious aspect, and special fans were made for use in keeping flies from the communion table and the altar. One of these old fans is now to be seen in a cathedral near Milan, and is supposed to have belonged to the Queen of the

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL SUNDAY, JULY 17. 1898.

Lombards during the sixth century. It Is of leather, ffiuch decorated, and having many Latin inscriptions, which, however, are now about obliterated. As the general use of the communion table was for many centuries discontinued, the fan as a part of the religious service was abandoned, and as the worl 1 developed In civilizing influences the fan gradually retreated from its place of prominence In all state and church functions to Its present day position of an accessory to a woman's costume at certain times; but during* this evolution it played an Important part in the w r orld, and changed its size, shape and design many times in. response to fashion s mandates. The two places which gained the most prominence and the greatest skill in the manufacture of the fan and which were noted for beauty and artistic skill, were Florence and France. The Florentines excelled ir iteir rare carvings, while the French puJnted and decorated theirs most lavishly. Fans came into general use as an indispensable article of dress during the reign of Charles V of France, in the fourteenth century. They were most beautifully carved, set with gems and painted in the most artistic designs by the best artists of the time, high prices being paid for their decoration. One of these fans, which was the property of Queen Eleanor, is described as set with many of the most costly gems, while another, which she gave to Queen Louise of Lorraine, was valued at 1.200 crowns, or about $5,000 of American money. Many curious devices were wrought in these fans. For instance, during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries women had small mirrors set in them, and some had lorgnettes arranged in the staves, so that the fair owner’s curiosity could be thoroughly satisfied regarding what w'as going on all around, and yet her modesty be completely concealed behind the fe.athers of her large, screen-like fan. From the beginning of their popularity they were worn suspended from the neck by long chains of fine workmanship. The fans varied in size and shape, but were always in conformity to the style of dress generally w'orn, and in the many collections of the old ones which are in existence specimens of each period are to be found. They are most Interesting and fascinating, telling as they do the complete history of the vagaries of fashion during the last ten centuries. The manufacture of the fan reached its height during the reign of Louis XIV of France, and at that time it was more than .just a part of feminine attire, for it w'as used alike by king, queen, court follower and “fine lady;” in fact, men, women and children all over the kingdom adopted it as a part of the country’s costume, and also as a protection in the heated term of the year. There was a strict code established for its use among the court circles, and so popular was this in England as well as France that Addison, In the Spectator, made many satirical remarks on the use of the fan. He wrote: “Women are armed with fans as men with swords, and sometimes do more execution with them.” TIIE IRON INDUSTRY. The Astonishing Advancement in Iron and Steel Production. Philadelphia Record. In 1892 there were 569 blast furnaces on the “active list” in the United States, and the production of pig iron in that year amounted to 9,157,000 gross tons. The forthcoming fourteenth edition of the Directory of the Iron and Steel Works of the United States, issued by the American Iron and Steel Association, will show that a large number of these furnaces have been dismantled. and that many others have been practically abandoned, and will in all probability never again go into blast. These latter Include some plants which, when erected at large cost only a few years ago, were considered of the finest and most modern construction. The production of pig iron during the first six months of the present year has exceeded all former records, having been at the rate of a million tons a month, and the astonishing revelation is made that less than two hundred furnaces contributed to this great output. When the new furnaces now under construction shall go into blast the annual capacity will be increased to over 18,000,0u0 tons of pig iron, and each one of a bank of new furnaces now building in Ohio will have a capacity equal to the combined output of at least a dozen of those still carried on the active list. In the early days a blast furnace which produced ten tons of pig iron a week was doing well; in later years ten tons a day became a common capacity. Ten years ago an output of 1.000 tons a week was an accomplished fact. More than a year ago the new' furnaces at Duquesne, Pa., astonished the world by an aveiage output for the first month in blast of 5G5 tons per day. This record is no longer regarded as amazing, and it now* requires but little stretch of the in agination to believe that the time is near at hand when a single blast furnace will have a capacity of 1.000 tons per diemover 350 000 tons per annum, or more than the entire production of all of the blast furnaces in the United States in any year prior to 1850. Another surprising feature of the development of modern steel making is the fact that the number of bessemer steel plants in Ihe United States Is now declining. In 1890 there were fifty plants, with one hundred converters; to-day there are fortyfive bessemer plants, with one hundred converters. No new bessemer steel plants have been constructed within the past two years, or since January, 1896. The number of openhearth steel plants is, on the other hand, increasing. In 1896 there were thirty-five open-hearth plants, with 245 furnaces, having a capacity of 2.430,450 gross tons of open-hearth steel per annum. Ten years ago the total annual production of openhearth steel in the United States was a trifle over 300,000 tons; five years ago It was a little over 700.000 tons; three years ago a little over 1.000,000 tons, and la-*t year nearly 2,000.000 tons. These facts are Important pointers when thus separated from the vast mass of figures In which they lie concealed, and they show how the steel industry will probably develop in the futfre in this country. They indicate, moreover, that the scepter has already been w’re.sted from the sole control of the bessemer producer, and that the younger rival is fast attaining the strength of a lusty, full-grown competitor. It is by no means beyond the bounds of possibility, nor perhaps even of probability, that ten years hence the name of “bessemer steel” will no longer appear In the tables of production of metals in the United States, because It will perhaps have been superseded by open-hearth steel for all industrial purposes. Ten years ago such a fanciful statement as this would have been regarded as supremely ridiculous; to-day it may excite a little interest, but it will not arouse incredulity in the minds of those who are cognizant of the facts. The late Sir Henry Bessemer lived to see his Invention grow to the proportions of a might giant, and he died before the younger power could attain its full growth; but it is not unlikely that the great discoverer of the modern pneumatic method of cheap steel making foresaw' the coming conflict for supremacy between bessemer and open-hearth steel, for he intimated in one of his last letters that although progress in the art of steel making had been great in his day, it was not to be believed that the end had yet been reached. TEACHING UNDER DIFFICULTIES. An Arctic School Whore There Were Too Few Books. Anna Fulcomer, In the Century. The greatest drawback to my school work was the lack of books. Naturally, most of the children required chart ana primer, neither of which was included in the school outfit, nor could they be obtained at Circle City. Had there not been a good blackboard and a plentiful supply of crayon I scarcely know' how I should have managed. I would group the little ones about me at blackboard and make up the lessons, day by day, in both printing and writing. They liked to write—it came easy to them—and each one tried to make his writing look plainer and neater than that of his fellows. The littie ones were ambitious to read out of books, “like the big girls.” As I had none for them, they hunted up “books," as they called them, seizing upon stray leaves from novels and pieces of newspaper. A good many grown girls and boys were Just learning to read. They were ashamed and awkward at the blackboard, and at first did not progress as fast as the little ones. This made such uphill work, and was so discouraging that I was afraid I would lose many of the older ones altogether. At this juncture, however, the missionary of the Church of England, who w-as stationed for the wfinter at Circle City, kindly helped me out by the loan of a number of books, slates and pencils. Among these books were six primers and first readers. How happy I was to get them, even though they had to be divided among twenty-six children! I doubt If such a medley of books was ever before seen in a schoolroom; a set of ordinary school books for intermediate grades, including a physical geography and a world’s history; English readers, spellers and little paper-covered arithmetics; twenty puges from “Christy’s Old Organ;” about half of the New Testament; one hundred pages from "The Woman in White;” parts of four other novels; newspaper scraps, and a couple of the queerest possible little religious primers, published by a London tract society. The leaves of some of the books were yellow with age, having been taken into that region by some miners who had studied them thirty or more years ago. It was amusing to watch the children spelling out the words and trying to read in these scraps of old books and papers. A Long-Time Affair. Puck. Miss Spacer—l suppose when a joke gets Into an almanac It is supposed to be old? Mr. Scribbler—Oh. no. A Joke cannot really be called old until it gets into an Englishman.

ODD THINGS IN SAN JUAN PORTO RICAN GIRLS KEPT UNDER GUARD 3Y UGLY DUENNAS. Graves Rent by the Year in the Cemetery, and Bodies Tossed Out When the Rent Is Overdue. a Boston Globe. Not a gunshot from the great Morro of San Juan, Porto Rico, In the center of the city, you w’ill find the central plaza. During the day it is hot and vacant, at night cool and populous. When the music begins, at 8 o’clock in the evening, out from their prison dwellings troop the fair ladies of San Juan. Some are blonde, most are brunette. All, as seen in the dim light of the flickering lamps, seem beautiful. All are bareheaded; all carry fans, which remind one of the flicker of butterflies’ wings as they flit and start, half opening and shutting, as if about balancing themselves on a bank of flowers. They are bareheaded save for the graceful mantilla, which often hungs across their bare shoulders instead of adorning their night-black tresses. The ladies flock by themselves mostly, or, if they have male escorts are invariably accompanied by a duenna, who has been young so long ago that she has forgotten all about it, and keeps sharpest watch over her charge. Two hours thus they revel In the music of the band from Cadiz, and when the musicians have started for their barracks with that light, swinging pace peculiar to the Spanish infantry, then the fair senoritas and the less attractive duennas return to the seclusion of their dwellings, while the men disperse to the cases to gossip and smoke. This the men do every night, band concert or no band concert; but the ladies do not emerge again until the next “retreta," or perchance to go shopping some forenoon, under rigid surveillance. In the country districts the social regulations are not so rigid, but even there it will not do to give Spanish girls the freedom of American young ladies, because—well, because they have never had it. and might not know what to do with it when they got it. The simple maidens of the country region dance all night to the harsh music of a great gourd rubbed with a stick, to which penetrating noise, sounding something like the sharpening of a knife on a stone, they gracefully glide through the languid mazes of the Spanish “valses.” They told a pretty story recently about a girl of San Juan, the daughter of the captain general. Pauline Macias, who went out into the streets of San Juan and tried to rouse her countrymen and women to the defense of their city. This may or may not have been true, but if true it was in contravention of the Spanish code of conventionalities. Rarely does a Castilian Joan d’Arc venture out to lead Spanish troops, either in defense of to charge, for, no matter how much her service might be valued, her act would surely be misconstrued. But no matter; whatever the freedom that the future may bring to Porto Rico and the women of San Juan, at present they are hedged about by the strongest chains of custom. They do not often venture out of doors unattended, and. like the Moorish women, they visit oftener the cemetery than the picnic ground. Under the seaward side wall of the fortifications, with massive walls rising above it on the south, and the ocean surges thundering to the northward, lies the great “Campo Santo” of San Juan. A sentry turret guards the cemetery gate, beyond which, disturbed by the roar neither of waves nor artillery, many thousands erstwhile residents of San Juan sleep their last sleep. This spot is not large, but, owing to the peculiar methods of interment, every inch of space Is occupied, not once only, but many times over. In the first place, the graves dug In the level are rented only for a term of years. At the expiration of the lease, out go what remains of the occupant of any grave, unless his or her friends put up the “needful” for a renewral. What becomes of the evicted dead? Come over to the angles of the walls, and there you will find, piled in every corner, heaps of moldering bones, mingled with tattered grave clothes, long black tresses and grinning, ghastly skulls. Many of the graves may still be seen yawning widely for other occupants. These sights are not calculated to inspire cheerful thoughts nor to Impress one with the idea that Spaniards and Spanish descended colonists are overcareful of their departed friends’ remains. Still, there are numerous fine stones and marbles here, mortuary urns and portrait busts, but these adorn the graves of the more fortunate rich, and are leased in perpetuity. Many of these are worthy of inspection for their beauty of carving and their wealth of imagery in epitaph, since here, as in other places, the virtues of the dead and gone aro recited and their vices ignored. Against the frowning fortress walls are the eolumbariae—to speak literally, the pigeon holes —into which the wealthier people are thrust feet foremost, after they have given up the ghost. The columbarium is long, and deep, and narrow, like an oldfashioned brick oven, with a marble slab for a door, which, after the body has been placed within, is hermetically sealed, and there the dead are left to simmer in the dreadful tropical heat: but that may seern vastly better than to be planted in a shallow grave, with the dread certainty of being “resurrected" within three, four or five years and what there is left of one tossed into an angle of the walls. Grief with the Spaniards Is short-lived, if we may judge from the condition of their cemeteries. In the tropics, particularly, where one might expect greater care on the part of the authorities, if only from sanitary consideration, attention to the departed is more lax than in the north. Except in large cities, such as Havana and the City of Mexico, the spots selected for interment of the dead are in a state of woeful neglect. The graves, mostly Indicated by plain wooden crosses, painted black, and leaning to every' point of the compass, are sunken In; while the open pits from which those whose terms have expired have been removed are numerously Interspersed. Decay soon sets in, within the tropics, not alone of the mortal frame, but of the artificial environments of wood and the vestures. The cadaver is hardly out of sight before the destructive forces of nature aro at w'ork, and externally the graves are subject to swift change; in a few days they are covered w’ith a carpet of green, quick-grow-ing plants, and in the course of a season. If left to itself, the place of sepulture is hidden out of sight. Ths general neglect of cemeteries is noticed throughout the West Indies, and particularly in the Spanish islands; though in the English possessions, such as Jamaica and Barbadoes, one finds a pleasant contrast, in the country churchyards, which, adjacent to neat little places of w'orship, are carefully and devoutly cared for and kept in order. THE BABY NEW. Society’s Latest Obligation to tbe New Woman. New York Commercial Advertiser. There is much talk nowadays about the new' woman, her present and her future, her plans and her aspirations, her Ideas about man and how' he should be controlled. Os the new baby little has ben heard, at least comparatively and figuratively, and yet that the new r baby exists there can be no doubt. There Is probably some vital connection between the development of the new woman and the appearance of the new baby, but without taking up the difficult question of scientific origin and phenomena it may be sufficient, considering the importance of the subject, to describe a typical new' baby during the first year of Its life. The new baby is a solitary creature. It lives and sleeps alone. It has a nurse, but the nurse never bothers it, except to give it food and take it out for air. The rest of the time it lies in a dark room, in Its crib, and kicks. In that way both it and Its parents may develop their nerves in peace. The new baby, if possible, is to have so much nerve that it will be without “nerves.” It remains by itself, to grow and reflect about the meaning of darkness. It does not load its brain with superfluous images. Rattles and dolls are denied it; they are exciting. Grandmothers, with their habits of dandling, tickling and giggling, are excluded from its presence. Inquiring visitors are told that the baby is well, that it gained four ounce® last week, that the nurse is sober and trustworthy, and, so far as can bo ascertained, never indulges th© baby’s baleful demand for expression. Sometimes, as a concession to the flesh, the mother, father or some near and dear friend, even an uncle. Is allowed to take the baby’s hand. This the baby clutches as a drowning man grasps at a solitary plank in the midst of a vast sea. It holds on grimly and chuckles with social Joy. Its pink face, bursting with suppressed nervous strength, takes on an expression of infinite desire to be coherent. It emits stentorian noises of happiness; dimly realizes what the social possibilities of life are. But the baby’s enthusiasm is its own death, for when the baby is particularly happy the state of its nerves Is particularly dangerous. At the highest point of Its expansiveness, therefore, the fingers are torn from the little Sasp, the gas Is turned out and the views leave in the midst of a large howl

MIDSUMMER SAIvB^INBXS AND CLEARANCE SALE OF ALL SUMMER STUFFS We’ve been preparing- for this great July Linen Sale for quite a while. Our own importations direct from abroad, and we offer them at very small profit margins.

.The Linen Items. Towels and Towelings Unbleached Honeycomb and Checked Glass Towels, 5c size, per dozen 30c; each 3c Largest heavy Bleached Cotton Huck Towels, dozen, 03c: each 8c 500 dozen Linen Towels at great bargains LOT I—2oo dozen All-Linen large heavy Huck Towels, hemmed and fringed, also Knotted Fringe Damask Towels; sale at • ••9 C LOT 2-130 dozen All-Linen fine Huck and Fancy Border Damask Towels, with knotted fringe, 19c and 17c values, at 14c LOT .s—loo dozen Huck and Damask Towels, knotted fringes and plains, best 25c quality: this sale at 19c LOT 4—50 dozen largest size, 26*52lnch, fancy double open work and knotted fringe, 20c and 35c values, in this sale at 23c Cotton Check Glass Toweling, yard....2V&c IS-inch 5c Glass Toweling, sale, yard 3%c 5c heavy All-Linen Toweling, sale, yard 4c lOc All-Linen Crash, lO inches wide, yard 8c IS-inch heavy Scotch Linen Crash. yard 10c 18-inch Linen Check Glass Toweling, yard 8c Table Linens 50-inch heavy Cream Linen Table Dainask, at, yard lOc 08 and 72-inch Scotch and German 50c Damasks at 20 pieces of 72-inch All-Linen Grass Bleached Irish Table Damask, 75c value, in this sale, yard --49 c 72-inch fine 81 Silver Bleach Pure Linen Damask, silver finish; sale, yard lO new patterns in regular 80c Irish Grass Bleached All-Linen Damask, at. yard -09 c Large Napkins to match above, _ 50-inch Red Damask, yard 12VaC 00-inch fast color Red Damask, new colors and plaids, yard .........23c Best American Colored Damask, in reds, greens, gold and blues, warranted fast colors, 50c grades, in 100 styles, at, yard 30c Laces, Handkerchiefs, Small Wares EMBROIDERY—A bargain lot of fine Swisses; thousands of yards of 8c and Jlc values on sale Monday at, yard 5c SILK LACES—About GO pieces left of this bargain lot, in all colors, 1 5c and 20c values, at. yard 5c ORIENTAL LACES—WhiIe they last. 25c, 20c and 35c grades reduced now to, a yard 15c HANDKERCHIEF'S—A lot of Ladies’ AllLinen Hemstitched and fine Swiss ’ Embroidered 10c goods; sale at 12%c BELTS—29c, 39c and 45c Metal. Jewel and Leather Belts, on sale at...15c WAIST PIN SETS—OId gold and silver, fancy carved designs; set for 1.4 c Three Squares West of Illinois Street.

which reverberates piteously about the four walls of the dark and lonesome room. But the new baby has made good enough use of its long hours of reflection to know that yelling can’t affect the situation. It tried that for several consecutive months, and has now given it up. Now it yells only when there’s hope left, which is while the visitors are leaving the room. When they are once gone and the light is out, the baby stoos, as if with the light and the humanity the life of the little one had gone out, too. It then passes into sleep or into an open-eyed condition almost as unsentient as sleep, and the system waits to be aroused for another brief period. There is naught but the body, says physiological psychology, that needs to be looked after. The mind and the imagination will take care of themselves. And. indeed, the new baby, physically, is beautifully nourished. It has the best food obtainable, unlimited sleep and repose for mind and body. To the ingenuous or the ignorant the rash thought might occur to wonder where so young a baby got into such an exhausted condition of nerves as to require so much quiet, but the thought would merely show the thinker unacquainted with the old doctrine of original sin or the new theory of heredity. We inherit the nervous fatigue of our parents, and the new baby is not to be encouraged in social and imaginative growth until its inherited weakness of nerve is obliterated by large doses of darkness, sleep and solitude. And, after all, the new baby is not unhappy. Its brief moments of social expansion are of such vivid delight that they pay perhaps for whole hecatombs of mere blase society hours. It uses all it gets with eagerness. There is a possibility that it might use more without becoming the heroine of an Ibsen drama, but it is grateful for what it gets. Besides, it will have time to be happy later, when the practical troubles of life begin to appear. ~ _ Think, too, of {the great saving the new baby is to our world! It is almost self-sup-porting. It requires, of course, food, drink and clothing, but only the minimum of attendance, and while it is alone others nin.y work or sro about, their a,*f \irs. It cries littie (what’s the use when no one ever comes when it calls?), is neve- unhappy except just as the visitors are leivlng, or when its tooth aches; and so it dees not draw upon the nervous strength of its sympathizing friends. It is.not in the way, in a word, of the big business and pleasure of life, and ’s getting healthy and doen’t kick. W hat greater blessing for society could there be than the new baby? By It we have arrived at a method of populating the world with the least possible noise and at. the least possible nervous expenditure. What the result will be we don’t know’. What kind of an adult the new baby will become can not yet be kno;vn, for the new baby is new indeed. We are not yet sure even of what the new woman will become, and or the new baby’s future we are still more deeply ignorant. John Brown. Had he been made of such poor earth as we— Who when we feel a little Are aglow In our faint hearts ’gainst wrong, not let It grow, But crouch and hide it lest the scorner see And sneer, yet bask our self-complacency In that dull warmth—had he been The Nation ne’er had come to that birtn-tnroe That gave the world anew humanity. He was no vain professor of the Word — His life a mockery of his creed—he made No discount on the Golden Rule, but heard. Above the murmur of prayer and roar of trade, Ever the clank of chains, until he stirred The Nation’s sluggish heart on that immortal raid. —William Herbert Carruth, In New England Magazine. THE SPANISH SOLDIER. He la Sloucliy, and Lazy and Dirty, bnt Can Fight. London Mail. The little, lissom linesmen, who in all human probability are destined to meet in mortal combat the sturdy soldiers of Uncle Sam" would be the despair of an English or a German staff officer. Watch him as he slouches along; his tunic faded, torn, and probably minus a button or two; his red trousers frayed and threadbare; his feet cased in the clumsy hempen sandals of the country; and his hands muffled in huge green woolen gloves, between the top of which and the s.eeve or his tunic is usually to be seen two or three inches of bare, brown, sinewy arm. He carries his rifle anyhow at the trail, at the slope, muzzle foremost, slung at his back. Not an inspiriting picture! Far from it. Nevertheless that the Spaniard can fight, and fight well, too, on occasions, has been proved on many a blood-stained field. At Ignalada. one of the fiercest battles of the late Carlist war, an entire battalion had to choose between annihilation and surrender, and selected the former. Despite his shuffling gait, too, he marches well and uncomplainingly. In fact, the Spanish “Tommy’ never seems to tire, and he is seldom out of temper. _ . Two meals a day, served at 9 a. m. and 5 p. m., constitute the regular commissariat allowances, but, in addition, he is served in some corps with coffee and soup in the early morning. Bread, and bread only, at the rate of a pound and a half per man per day, constitutes the government ration. Any additional food he has to buy from the regimental canteen. This is kept by a civilian, but the scale of prices is regulated by a regimental committee. Very little meat enters into the Spanish soldier’s dietary. Perhaps this is the reason his wounds heal so rapidly and easily. A chunk of dry black bread, a little oil and a clove of garlic suffices him for the day. If to this he is able to add half a pint of wine that looks like red Ink and tastes like vinegar and water he is in clover. On* i thing, however, ha wUi nsver oomm* t# do

Wash Goods Clearance 100 PIECES of regular 5c Printed Lawns and dark colored Mozambique, lace effect, Wash Goods, lOc and 12%c goods, all now at, yard i c 100 PIECES of best 5c Prints, in black and whites, black and reds, dress st>les and Percale Prints, all at, yard 3*c 200 PIECES of fine Organdie Lawns, in new, neat, light printings, 32 inc^ s wide, best lOc values; sale price, yard ** c 50 PIECES of Fast Black Cross-barred Lawns, were lOc a yard; clearance safe price, Monday *> c 10c Dress Ducks, in black,. At navy blue and white !_w m 12‘£c Figured Dimities j\/ r* 12&C Organdies and Lawns., jl lOc Black Lace Stripe Lawns j • lOc Lace Stripe White Goods.j| Yard Muslins for Monday 100 pieces of fine Bleached and Unbleached yard-wide Muslins on sale at 27 yards for 81; per yard 4c Shoe Bargain Giving MEN’S Willow Calf Hand-sewed TAN Lace Shoes, the newest Newark toes, in light and dark shades, 83 value, _ on sale now at 81-05 BOYS’ Vici Kid CHOCOLATE TAN Lace Shoes, coin toes, all sizes, 18 to 5M>, 82 grade, reduced to 81 39 MISSES’ TAN Strap Sandals, with bow and buckle— Sizes 11H to 2 at 69c Sizes HVi to 11 at i 50c LADIES’ Dongola Strap Sandels or Oxford Ties, 81-25 and 81-50 kinds, now reduced to 60c A Silk Bargain 100 pieces of 24-lnch fancy patterns in Printed JAPANESE WASH SILKS, this season’s newest styles in flowers, stripes, plaids, etc. Choice now—--25c a yard Regular prices have been 50c and 59c a yard. A great lot of bargain values, and all good styles.

without, and that is his cigarette. The number of these an average Spanish “Tommy” will consume in the course of the day is appalling. He rolls them himself, using a yellow, dry, duaty-looking tobacco, which possesses no more flavor to an English smoker’s palate than would so much chopped straw. In theory every Spaniard must serve his twelve years in. the army; but there is a wide difference, in this case at ail events, between theory and practice. To begin with, any citizen can discharge his liability to serve by the payment in a lump sum of I,2(ai pesetas. This sounds a good lot of money. But it takes twenty-five pesetas to equal an English sovereign, so that he really has to disburse only about £4B. Enormous numbers, even of the peasant class, have taken to availing themselves of the privilege. There has even sprung up in many of the provinces a special class of village usurers, who lend the “smart money”—at a ruinous rate of interest, of course—to young men who have been “drawn.” Benefit clubs, having the same object in view, are also rife in the agricultural districts. This has the effect of increasing the Spanish revenues; but from a military point of view it is deplorable. Besides those who honorably purchase their exemption large numbers of young men obtain what are known as “dispensations,” absolving them from serving their time under any circumstances whatever. To get one of these “dispensations” it is not necessary to be either braver, wiser or better than one’s neighbors. But one must have what the Americans call a “pull” with the authorities. It is scarcely to be wondered at that the Spanish peasant tries his utmost to evade the conscription: for his treatment, from the moment he dons his country’s uniform until the moment he is discharged, is of the vilest. He is bullied by his officers, illtreated by his “non-coms.,” and robbed by all. Nominally his pay is 75 centimos (7%d) a day. Often, however, for years together, he does not handle that much money in a month. The Spanish system of "army stoppages” is worked upon a sliding scale. The more money “Tommy” has “coming to him” at the end of the month, the greater is the sum kept back for this, that or the other. And he dare not complain, for discipline is enforced with a relentless severity that is neither more nor less than appalling. Desertion is punished by eight years’ solitary confinement. Fcr theft the penalties are as follows; If the amount stolen does not exceed 10 reals (23). imprisonment w’ith hard labor for three years; from 10 to 200 reals (2s to £2), ten years’ imprisonment; above 200 reals, death or hard labor for life. In the Spanish military code of laws there are over eighty crimes, many of them of the most trivial nature, which are punishable by death. Nevertheless, organized military revolts, known as “FTonunciamentos,” are exceedingly common, and the entire army is said to be honeycombed by secret revolutionary societies. The total available strength of the Spanish army at the present moment is beloved to be not more than 200.000 men; and °r ~ a m, tnber not by any means a jj are efficient soldiers. On paper, it is true, more than double this number are shown. But l t v. sl i?r Uld b orne in mind that the Spanish War Office authorities have a playful way of including in their annual returns what ~a r e euphemistically designated ayaoabla recruits.” These are really unarmed men, who have never been enrolled and who, most of them, probably, do not know the foresight of a rifle from the trigger guard. Their only claim to be designated soldiers is that they have each signed a paper, agreeing to join colors if called upon. They- Stick on Jonah. Chicago Interior. The Presbytery of New York is irrepressible. A student applying for license was asked his opinion of the story of Jonah and the whale. He thought it an Illustrative parable. Whereupon, by a vote of twentyfive against twenty-four, his application was rejected, and he was advised to make a restudy of the subject. Whether the Book of Jonah be history or parable—when we say that it is divinely inspired, we have said that the type of the literature is of no consequence whatever. It was not written to portray a hero, but to teach the doctrines of sin, disobedience, dire and almost hopeless consequent peril, repentance, forgiveness. and salvation. The vilest sinner may return.” That is what God taught to men hy the Book of the Prophet Jonah—taught it far back in the dim ages. We advise thee

“i PMMJFMCT WOOD—ma Wholesome ms it is Z>elle^oua. f, WALTER BAKER & CO.'S COCOA ■Pnnlk “ Hm >tood the tMt of more thaa 100 year*' aee omoog ail 12 IfAlik dassee, ud for purity and bonnet worth is unequalled." M BVH —Mtdicxii 3%rriti HI! Cost* lass than ONE CENT a Cup. III! Jpr| j Trade-Mark on Every Package. WALTER BAKER & CO. LTD., tummmm. Established 1780. DORCHESTER, MASS.

Millinery Vacation Bargains We want to give all our Millinery an nut. ing—with you. Note the price reductions; SAILORS—Choice of all Colored Sailo-* including the fine braid crowns, with f, n j brims, with silk ribbon trimming' y prices were up to 81 48: all now TRIMMED HATS—Still showing nimjem * very good and choice style*, and all t the 3 bargain prices, 825)8 8108 and 9 S . FLOWERS—No thought of anvthj- - cleaning up the entile stock; gnat i„,r. gains, all in 4 lots, at sc, Oc, 1!> and ;*9j Drapery Department Reductions LAOI3 CURTAINS—24 pairs Nottingham* 3*4 yards long, 5 feet wide, re- ’ duced from 81-98 a pair to 81 00 FINE CURTAINS —50 pairs of small lot* 2 to 4 pairs of a kind, Irish Poire i Brussels patterns, 83 98 to s<; values; to close now, a Pair 82 30 FOOTSTOOLS—New patterns. antiqu< oak, brass trimmed; reduced to EASELS—SoIid oak, brass trimmed 5 feet high; Monday Skirt and Waist Reductions SHIRT WAlSTS—Percales, fanev stripes detached collars and self cuffs. 75c, ’ 59c and 56c odds and ends, all Sheer Lawn, Percale and Gingham Shirt Waists, newest style this season, former prices up to 81-48; Monday at..49<* SKIRTS—Linen Crlspene. G-inch hem. with 4 rows stitching, tailor seams, 81-08: now at 81 19 SUITS—Made of Ducks and Homespun Linens. Eton and fly-front Jackets, extra wide Skirts, 85 value, teduced to 81 29 Basement Summer Specials LEMONADE SETS—lmported, decorate blown crystal, 1 Pitcher and 6 Glasses, for 990 LEMON SQUEEZERS, glass, at So and 4c SUGAR AND CREAMS. Japanese. 24c values, at ilo NAPKINS. Japanese paper, dozen 1 t 4 e PLATES, picnic kind, dozen 43 COP ALT BLUE WARE, gold traced-7V£-ineh Plates, each B’sc 5-inch Oatmeals, each me 12-inch Meat Dishes, each lie Ice Pitcher, 1-quart size j3o MACHINES—Singer High-su m S. wing Machines, warranted for IO years, at 814 50 MASON JARS—Tin Covers. Jelly GlnFses, extra Lids, Rubber, etc. BOTTOM PRICES. WATER TUMBLERS—SaIe, each I<j Three Squares West of Illinois Slri. .

presbytery to take the advice given to the student, and make a careful and thorough restudy of the Book of Jonah. We venture to say that if they each and all will thus occupy their vacations the congregations in the presbytery will hear better preaching from their pulpits than they have heard for years. There is need for a revival of the preaching of God’s justice and goodness and °f the hope of man through repentance and obedience. But for the sake of the honor of God and for the salvation cf men do not degrade tho discussion to the capacity of the thorax of a whale. IXCOXSPICI Ot ft HEROES. Difference in the Character of HeroI**n in the Army and Sinvy. New York Post. And the navy has its heroes who, if not forgotten are seldom heard of. Lieutenant Hobson deprecated the cheers that welcomed him back to the American lines. Any of you would have done it.” Very hkely. We know that practically every man on the fleet offered to go with him when volunteers were called for. Such high appeals to bravery and duty command tht-ir own response. But the men below—the trgineers, exposed to death without being able to strike a blow; the stokers, whose enemy is the cruel heat in which they have where does their heroism come in? Os course, in the same self-forgetful devotion to their duty which marks some world-resounding deed of an officer like That w’as a frightful detail of the Spanish flight to ruin—the officers having 10 stand over gunners and stokers wit a drawn pistols to keep them to their task. “P ° n which that was necessary were evidently beaten in advance. Contrast the state of things on the Oregon, in her long voyage against time from tho Pacific. Canreported that even the stokers worked till they fainted in the firoroom, an o then would fight to go back as soon as they recovered consciousness. To hurry up coaling the officers threw off their coats 1 it like navvies. There we see the spirit or heroism pervading a ship from coal shoveler; and it is thut rxiiißofci the navy invincible. „ f “ c r°ic quality requisite in a soldier la different, whether higher and m thn, < e^ ve others to say. There is litJ/ theatrical about his work. The nv P naval maneuvers is not for him. lifl >, e .m Ure the .weary march, to stand or ®= r . ex P' odin * s hells wniie waiting the charge, to press against the disvu?i t ’aw nf>ecn fnit l to de elde whether to flinch and ra “„ o dtor to push on while you have or- ath TAi 1 * this, we say, requires bravery of a fron 2 tnat wo associate with 1,. tJ and when wo see it animat*2E.MlL* ntire a ”ny corps, us it did before on July l, w’e see heroism of a There is no such apR individual as there undoubtedly of a 'separate exploit lik He could know that, whether he afi°* r f ailed - whether he came out i)e would be sure of the apSSuffc™ his countrymen and of a worldonf or Bu !i the Private soldier is but cnnzri, tousand J ?’ If he f; ‘lls he falls inPand if he survives he is not rn?i?t e< ? f °r Klory. All the pur. r, then, rnn love of co 'Jntry and all the the sense of duty to lead men to eTrt 8 0 *x- yed fire and storm the tlamePrfa *'° °ne who has knowledge or enough to picture to himself the army in battle can he tempted 5? y * tß ,a . ck ,°f brilliant and spectacular DrS of VL and ? ny k J he quality and the praise of the truest heroism. A Remarkable Name, Washington Post. woman who has just rethI n mAi rom Omaha says that she heard lthaTi^/v mar u able name out there that It H**" w er fortune to come acres*. '° nes ln the Estabrook family, and ac he if B!iy A ksffahrook i n Nebraska it Is bf \L Qil^v? ad . . Lee .r,Virginia or Adams n Massachusetts. The owner of the name i“£,? r . andßon °f old General Estabrook. the ;t? U i : t.? J pioneer . acr oss the Missouri. When r?® vl!i d was born his parents desired to rlni 1 v! names of his two grandfathers, ueneral Estabrook’s name was Experience Zj 3 Experience Estabrook. The other grandfather s name was Asad. It was the intention to give General Estabrook’s name as the first name, but at his particular request the other grandfather's name led off. and the luckless boy was actually christled Asad Experience DBtabrook.