Indianapolis Journal, Volume 48, Number 72, Indianapolis, Marion County, 13 March 1898 — Page 10

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protective deck and shield the ammunition hoists and the turning- sears of the turrets. The forward bulkhead is 10 inches thick; the after one 12. A protective deck of hardened eteel 2% inches thick rests on the four walls formed by the athwartship bulkheads and the inner*edge of the inlaid side armor. Under the protecting shelter of this heavy rnof and many feet of coal lie the eng'ncs, the boilers, the magazines and the shellrooms—the vitals, in fact, of the ship. A broad band of cellulose, extending from F :. mto stern, and back of the 5-inch armor which protects the sides aro'.dships from the heavy armorbelt up to tha main deck, will automatically plug all shot holes admitting water. The protective deck covering the vitals amidships is run slantingly to the bow and the stem, and forward forms the backbone of the murderous ram, which lies just below the water. , Two sets of triple expansion engineß, each In its own water-tight compartment, will actuate thejiwin screws, while five great boilers, teeming with the pressure of 180 pounds of steam, will supply the energy needful to drive those engines and turn those screws quite 120 times a minute. The turrets will be turned and controlled by electricity—the first instance pn so large e, scale on any vessel, and the same power will bring the ammunition from its storerooms to the breeches of all the large guns, the six-pounders and less excepted. Each mast will be fitted with its own signal outfit, and the lower half of each mast will form a vast wind-pipe down which fresh air will be drawn to the depths of the craft. Eighty odd auxiliary engines will reduce the t&x upon the muscular energies of the crew, and add to the efficiency of the ship by handling and lowering the boats, raising the anchors, loading the coal, discharging the ashes, bringing the shot, shell and powder from the depths below to the gun stations and turning the turrets, and, except for the guidance of these mechanisms, manual labor is practically unneedful. other features.

Compared with any of our old wooden ships of the line the contrast is instructive. Steam will spread its comforting glow for all alike where the occasional small stove or hot cannon ball did service in the past; and immense revolving fans will force fresh air into the most secret recesses of these ships and make nook and cranny purer than the actual Tiving spaces of our ancient craft, whose between deck quarters were so often foul with the noxious fumes of bilge water and rotten wood. While the refulgence of hundreds of electric lights will shed brightness everywhere and substitute the tallow dip so grudgingly allowed of yore. Distillers, with a daily output of thousands of gallons, will give fresh, pure water where once the rusty tanks yielded a tainted, stinted portion. Splendid galleys will cook in liberal bounty the warm bread and wholesome food for the modern crew; and a refrigerating plant—-vith a daily cooling equivalent of a ton of ice—will preserve afresh the provender, ana, instead of the salt horse and hard-tack of tradition, the sailor of to-day can have his soft bread and shore grub when days and days at sea. What the dark, gruesome, unventilated cock pit of the past was to the Invalided seaman, the modern sick-bay is the cheerful opposite, and where a deck bucket and cold sea water formed the bath equipment until recent times, attractive tubs and hot and cold water at will make uncleanliness a crime to-day. To-day the steam launches do most of the work that once fell upon the, boats’ crews, and where miles upon miles -of rope ran aloft to hold the masts and manage the 6ails, upon thousands of feet of steam and water pipes, stored within the hull, do a like transfer of power many times greater, and great puzzling pumps, with a drawing greed of hundreds upon hundreds of gallons a minute, keep the compartments and divisions of the inner bottom free of water—a weary, wearing service that once fell to the crew. The modern ship is one great maze of mechanism, which the mere pressure of a tiny button may stop or start, and from the guiding power in the armored fighting station to the nerve terminals at the guns, by the engines, or in the magazines, a moment’s delayed response may make or mar the glory of the flag she bears. With 1,210 tons of coal on board, and at a cruising speed of ten knots an hour, the vessels will be' able to cover six thousand knots, w-hile at the rate of thirteen knots an hour, they can easily cover 3,500. Under a press, five hundred more tons of coal can be carried, yielding a corresponding wider range of action. The Kearsarge will be christened by Mrs. Winslow, the wife of Lieutenant Commandant Winslow, the son of the officer commanding the old Kearsarge In her memorable fight. The Kentucky will be christened by Miss Bradley, the daughter of the Governor of the State of Kentucky. Old salts shake their heads ominously, and say that tradition will bear them out in saying these vessels will bo unlucky—the Kearsarge because christened by a married woman, and the- Kentucky because she is to be baptized with water; but some of the most successful of the world’s fignting craft have been sponsored by married women, while the Hartford was baptized only with water, and that in three kinds—spring water, river water, and, best of all, sea water.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. What year did Lewis Cass last visit New Hampshire?—H. C. F. in'lß33, when he accompanied President Jackson on his tour through the Northern States. Cass was with him at Concord. In which of Cooper’s novels is mention made of a riiie shot that killed two birds in the air at the point where their lines of flight intersected? What kind of birds were they?—M. It. T. In his “Pathfinder,” in Chapter XI, neaw the end of the chapter. The birds were gulls; and Pathfinder, afterwards Natty Bumppo, was the marksman. Was not Mr. Crisp, of Georgia, once speaker of the House of Representatives, the son of Crisp, the actor? 2. Was not Mrs. Crisp buried in Texas? 3. Please give the pronunciation of the name “Hayti?”— R. G. W. Fe was; his brother, Harry Crisp, was also an actor. 2. W r e do not find any mention of Mrs. Crisp's burial place. 3. As if spelled “Ka-ee-tee.” • How shall I put eggs down in lime for .Winter use?—C. W. Get a good dry barrel, place a layer of •well-slacked lime on the bottom, then place a layer of eggs in it, small end down. Cover them with another layer of lime, and that with another layer of eggs, and so on alternately until the barrel is full, or the eggs exhausted. Do not tincover more than you need for use at a time. Can the President of the United States declare war without the consent of Congress and Cabinet, or is the consent of either of these bodies necessary?—H. C. C. By Article 1. Section 8, Paragraph 11, of tlie Constitution, Congress alone can declare war—that is, both houses of Congress must ogree to declare war. On the other hand only the Senate need agree to make peace. Thus it is easier to make peace than to make war. Who was Vice President under Arthur? How did he get his office? 2. Who would Bu<.veed the. Vice President should he die, and in what order on down?—W. W. C. President Arthur’s Vice President was Senator Bayard, w r ho got the place by being chosen president prt> tempore of the Senate. 2. There is no picvadon for replacing the Vice President; it he becomes Incapacitated a President of the S'enate Is chosen pro tempore. If thK President gnd Vice President should both die or become ineapecitaftid the Cabinet officers would aucctcd in'{His order: Secretary of state, secretary of the treasury, secretary of war, the attorney general, the postmaster genthe secretary of the navy, the seer a- ‘

tary of the Interior. The secretary of agriculture was created after the presidential succession act of 1886; so he was not in the line of succession. But we think that an amendment puts him there now—though it is to be hoped that he may not have to claim his privileges under the act for a long time. Please name the men who rowed the boat, also the companies they belonged to, when Benedict Arnold escaped to the British lines.—l. I. C. Hirtory does not give the names of these men. There were six of them, of whom James Larvey was coxswain. Larvey said afterwards that had he known what Arnold’s business was on board the Vulture he would have been shot before he would have rowed him there, and his reputation was such that he undoubtedly told the truth. What is meant by castling in chess? What is the proper position of king and queen?—W. A. O. Castling is to move the king from his own square two squares to the right or left and bring the castle to the square the king has passed over. The queen is not used, so it has no proper position. Castling is allowed only when neither the king nor castle has moved, when there is no piece between them and when the king is not in check, and does not in castling move through or into check. 1. Name the largest island belonging to the United States. 2. In what State is the geographical center of the United States. 3. Name the ten largest cities of the United States and give their population. 4. What city in Michigan is between two divisions of standard time?—Subscriber. 1. Long island. 2. Nebraska. 3. New York, which now includes Brooklyn; Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Baltimore, Boston, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Buffalo and San Francisco, in order named. 4. Detroit, the division line being from that point irregular. "Who are exempt from military duty in case of war?—J. K. S. The Revised Statutes of the United States (Section 1629) exempts these persons: “The Vice President, officers judicial and executive of the United States, members and officers of both houses of Congress, customs officers, postmasters, mail carriers, ferrymen at post roads, inspectors of exports, workmen in armories of the United States, pilots, sailors, and all persons who now are or may be exempt by the laws of the respective States.” Please tell me make a chemical battery, and what chemicals are needed?— C. A. C. Gc<t a “cell’ to start with. The simplest cell consists of a wide-mouthed jar of porcelain. In this is put a solution of sulphuric acid and water, in which solution are placed two plates, one of zinc, the other of copper. Those plates do not touch, but from the upper corner of each of them runs a wire. When the free ends of the wires are brought together, an electric current is generated which is perceptible at the point of contact as an electric shock.

Please name some of the most prominent bicycle publications and their subscription prices? 2. Is there a Parisian weekly paper in English that gives the progress of the exposition of 19GJ, say a column or two every week?—Subscriber. # The Wheel, the American Wheelman, the Wheelwoman, the L. A. W. Bulletin, all of New York city; the Cycling Gazette, and the Referee, both of Chicago. They will give you the rates if you apply. There are others as prominent as these. 2. The Paris edition of the New York Herald, and Galignani’s Messenger are the only English papers published in Paris. Neither gives the new that you are looking for, and the French papers give no news at all. Is there a home in Washington, D. C., for disabled officers and ex-offleers of the regular army? If so, what are the requirements for admission, and who is in charge? —C. B. S. There is no home for disabled or retired officers of the United States army. Such officers are retired with a part of the pay they had as active officers. There is a home for the enlisted men of the regular army who have served twenty years, including volunteer service, or who served less than twenty years if discharged for ■wounds or disability in the line of duty. Application should be made to the Board of Commissione-s’ Soldiers’ Home, War Department, Washington, D. C. What test can one use to discover whether alum is used in a baking powder?—K. M. Digest a quarter of an ounce of fresh cut chips of logwood in five ounces of methylated spirits for eight hours; a teaspoonful of this tincture is put with as much saturated solution of carbonate of ammonia into a wine glass of water, and the mixed solutions, which are of a pink color, are poured into a plate. A slice of bread made with the suspected baking powder is allowed to soak in the solution for five minutes; then it Is placed on a clean plate to drain. In an hour or so it will become blue if alum is present, and greenish if sulphate of copper is there. If there is neither alum nor copper, the bread loses the pink color which it got from the solution, but never becomes blue or green. What is the process by which the total gain in bank clearances is obtained? Does one simply add up the sum of the several increases, deduct the decreases and then divide the remainder by the number of cities reporting? If not, how is it?—F. O’B. Mr. Frederick Baggs, manager of the Indianapolis clearing house, makes the following statement: The custom of this office is this: Clearings for February, 18%, $13,555,317.47; clearings for February, 1898, $17,662,413.34; increase, $4,107,095.87. Each day the clearings are made in the same way, thus: Feb. 15, 1897, $707,761.50; Feb. 15, 189S, $815,514.88; increase, $107,753.38. I suppose this is substantially the method of the New York clearing house in making up their statement. I report to the New York clearing house in, this manner, and also to some financial papers. What person said in effect, "Let me make the songs of a nation and I care not who makes its laws?” 2. Who wrote the foolish ballad of “Lilliburlero?” What revolution was it instrumental in causing? 3. What songs marked the progress of the French revolution and how did they do so?—W T. McG.

The name of the author of this proverb is not known. Fletcher of Saltoun, a Scotch writer, who died in 1716, wrote to a friend, the Marquis of Montrose, that he “knew a very wise man that believed that if a man were permitted to make all the ballads of a nation he need not care who should make tho laws of a nation,” but who Fletcher meant is not known. 2. The words are ascribed to Lord Wharton, the air to Henry Carey. It Is said to have helped along the revolution of 1688. 3. There were two songs especially' during the French revolution, the “Marseillaise” and “Caira.” Os course there were others, as “La Carmagnole,” but the first two were the most famous. They helped along the revolution by exciting the mob. They were started invariably when additional excitement was needed. Were there ship builders formerly in Essex, Mass., named Story? Can you tell me of their given names? Are any of their descendants living there now? Was there a sea captain named William Story? Has there been a trial of’the Holland submarine boat yet? Whnt has it proved itself capablcof doing?—B. F. W. The family of Story came from Marblehead, Essex county, Massachusetts, and has made a distinguished name for itself in two very different paths. Joseph Story was a famous judge and William Wetmore Story a famous artist. We cannot give details of the family, but think it is still represented in Marblehead. Its originals were certainly connected with shipping interests there. The best known member of the family just now is Julian Story, an artist and the husband of the singer Emma Eames-Story. He lives in Paris. Judge Story’s autobiography does not tell much of anything about his ancestors. The Holland boat has had a trial very recently at Prince’s bay, New York, and is said to have done remarkably well. The trial was private. The boa,t has not yet been offered to the government.

-f. THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, SUNDAY, MARCH 13, 1898.

LOYALTYTO GOD AND MAN - ST. PAUL SAW IN THIS THE TRUE PRINCIPLE OP HUMAN LIFE. Certain Ethical Question!* nn Disclosed in the Closing Chapters of the Boole'of Romans. Brooklyn Eagle. In his lecture in the course on the "Life and Writings of St. Paul,” delivered in Plymouth Church, Sunday evening, the Rev. Dr. Lyman Abbott talked of “Paul’s Consideration of Certain Ethical Questions, as Disclosed in the Closing Chapters of the Book of Romans.” The lecture in full follows: “The Christian religion is, according to Paul, as we have seen anew and divine life, freely given by the Father of His children—that gift he calls grace, freely received by the children from the Father, through what he calls faith. Out of this life, thus freely given, there spring outward manifestations of it, in conduct; and In the twelfth, thirteenth and fourteenth chapters, and a part of the fifteenth of Romans, he Inerprets to His readers what are the operations of this principle of life, how it works itself out in conduct, what answer this principle of life gives to the questions which men are asking respecting duty. In the first of these chapters he considers the working out of this life in the individual conduct; in the second, its working out'in the relation of the individual to the state; in the third, its operation, its bearing on certain questions of doubt and perplexity in the moral life. Finally, his* letter finished, he writes a postscript of personal salutation and friendship, largely made up of individual greetings to individual men in the church of Rome. Leaving this last postscript unreferred to further than thus, I will take up these three topics growing out of Patti’s epistles, separately: What has Paul to say of the religious life as it shows itself in the ethical conduct of the individual; what has he to say of the religious life in its bearing on the organization of the state, and what light does that life throw upon doubtful questions of casuistry. In the first place, then, Paul says that this life of God in the soul of man involves the complete consecration of man to God. He is to give himself wholly in the spirit of love to his Father. ‘I beseech you,’ he says, ‘by the mercies of God that you present even your bodies a living sacrifice.’ In Jerusalem was a temple—and, indeed, in every heathen city a temple—and to this temple sacrifices were brought and laid upon the altar, given to God. So Paul says you are to give yourselves to God, but not in death—in life; by Jiving to His service, not by dying for Him. We have represented this same principle in our covenant in this church, by the phrase which was repeated to-day and entered into by some who united with the church this morning—‘You do now consecrate your whole soul and body to the service of God.’ Partialism of consecration Paul knows nothing about. He knows nothing of the notion that you are to give one-tenth of your income, for instance; all that you and I have, according to Paul, belongs to God; and the question how much we shall spend on our own houses and our own families, how' much we shall spend in our industries and our activities, how much we shall spend in what we are pleased to call benevolences and charities, that is a question for each one to determine. But all of it, whether it be spent in enjoyment or in work, in industry or benevolences, is to be spent by a trustee who is using it for God. ALL DAYS BELONG ALIKE TO GOD. “So Paul knows nothing of the notion that ihera are some days which belong to God and other days which belong to men. They ave all God’3. The Sunday is no more truly the Lord’s day than Monday—to be used in a different way. to be employed for the same great essential purpose. So Paul knows nothing of the idea that there are certain acts which are religious and certain acts which are not religious; a certain phase of life which is religious and a certain other phase of life which is secular; tha whole life and all its Activities, the whole man and all his activities, are to be giver to God. And in thus giving himself to God, giving himself not because he fears a penalty, giving himself not because he hopes for a reward, giving himself because (for this is fundamental is all Paul’s teaching in this epistle), giving himself because he has received God himself and entered into anew life and into anew relation with his Father—in giving himself thus to God, he gives himself to his fellow-men, because the fatherhood of God carries with it the brotherhood of man and the whole of humanity is one great organism. “All his activities, therefore, are to be employed in this organism and in its service. Does he preach, he must preach becording to the proportion of his faith—that is, according to the measure of his spiritual certitude, his religious experience. Does he give, he must give with liberality. Does he exercise mercy, he must exercise it ungrudingly. Does he govern, he must govern with diligence. Is he engaged in business, he must put new life and new energy into his business. Does he pray, he must pray with anew sense of fire and anew fervency. Ho has come into a recognition of the -fact that he is a part of the one great body. THE FATHERHOOD OF GOD.

“The same truth which Paul has elaborated in the Epistle to the Corinthians he here states in a few words. We are members one of another, wo belong to one great brotherhood. And we recognize the fact that we belong to one great brotherhood because we recognize the fact that God is our Father and we have entered into new and filial relations with our Father. Thus entering into this relationship with our brethren, thus belonging to this human brotherhood and giving ourselves to it as we give ourselves to Him, anew spirit enters into all our life. We shall be patient, we shall be sympathetic, we shall be gentle, we shall be forgiving, we shall be peace loving. We shall not, indeed, say, ‘Go to, I must do these things, the law requires it; I have joined the church, therefore I must love peace; I have professed Christ; therefore I must be patient. Not at all. Because we have the divine life in us, therefore that divine life will sh.ow itself in patience. God is patient 'and God is in us, therefore we shall be patient. God is forgiving and God is in us, therefore we shall be forgiving. God is gentle and God is in us, therefore we shall be gentle. His divine life in us will work itself out, manifest itself, show itself in these qualities of spirit. Not in doing what other people do not do, not in giving certain proportions of time or money in special religious channels which other people do not recognize, but in putting anew spirit and anew life into all cur life, into all that we do. And in nothing, perhaps, will this show itself more than in our relations to those who are enemies to us and enemies to others who so to us. When we are wronged our Inclination will not be vengeance. The inclination of Christ was not an inclination of vengeance. When He was struck He did not wish to strike back. His inclination was an Inclination to mercy. As the rock that was struck by Moses in the wilderness gushed out with water in response for thirsty souls, so Christ, beat upon and insulted and abused, answered every blow and every insult with anew benediction. And Paul says, if Christ is in you, if you have this new life, if Christ has been born in you, you will not avenge yourself, you will not wish to avenge yourself; you will no longer say, an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. Are you a Christian—you will not wish to. Are you a Christian nation—you will not wish to. Because two hundred men of your race have perished you are not to' think you can satisfy yourself by having two hundred others of another race perish. Still there will be the duty of protection of yourself; still there will be the duty of protection of others in the state; still there will be the duty of protection of the nation by the nation. But just In so far as the spirit of Christ has been wrought in the heart of the individual or in the heart of the state or in the heart of the nation, just in so far the desire for satisfaction through vengeance will have disappeared. Now let me read you what Faul Bays: I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye present your bodies, a Mving sacrifice, holy, well-pleasing to God, which is your reasonable service. And be not conformed V --T- I

to this world; but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may prove what is that good and acceptable and perfect will of God. For I say through the grace given unto me. to every one that is among you. not to be high minded above that which he ought to be minded, but be eo minded as to be sober minded, as God hath distributed to each one the measure of faith. For even as we have many members in one body and all numbers have not the same office, so we being many sire one body in Christ and severally members one of another. Bft having gifts differing according to the grace that is given to us. whether prophecy, let us prophesy according to the proportion of our faith; or service, let us give ourselves to our serving; or he that teacheth, to his teaching; or he that exhorteth, to his exhortation. He that giveth. let him do it with singleness of heart; he that ruleth, with diligence; he that showeth mercy, ungrudgingly. Let love be without false pretense. Abhor the evil, cleave to the good. In love of the brethren be kindly-affectioned one with another, in honor preferring one another; in diligence, not slothful; in spirit, fervent, serving the Lord; rejoicing in the hope, patient in the tribulation; continuing steadfastly; communicating to the necessities of the saints; pursuing hospitality. Bless them which persecute you; bless and curse not. Rejoice with them that rejoice and weep with them that weep. Be of the name mind one toward another. Mind not high things, tut be led away by the things that are lowly. Be not wise in your own conceits. Give back to no one evil in return for evil. Take heed beforehand that your conduct be honorable In the sight of all men. If it be possible, as much as in you lleth, live peaceably with all men. Dearly beloved, do not seek to vindicate yourselves, but yield to the wrath of your enemies. For it is written: “Vindication is mine; I will requite, saith the Lord.’’ Wherefore, if thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he thirst, give him drink; for in eo doing thou shalt heap coals of fire on his head. Be not overcome by evil, but overcome evil by good. THE CITIZEN AND THE (STATE. “In the next chapter Paul takes up the relation of the citizen to the state of which he is a member, but it is the relation, you remember, of the Christian citizen; that is, it is tha relation of the man who has got anew and divine life in his heart. How is he to look toward, how is he to consider, government? You must remember at this time the government of Romo as I have described it alre’ady, as bad as government on earth ha.s been or ever could be, absolutely despotic, intolerable, cruel, monstrously corrupt. What is the duty of a Christian citizen living under thi3 government? How shall he regard it? Paul replies: ’Let every soul subject himself unto the higher powers, for there is no power but from God. Those that be a,re ordained of God. So that he who arrays himself against the power arrays himself against the ordinance of God.’ There is a play in the Greek here which is difficult, if not impossible, to represent in the English. The word ‘ordinance’ and the words ‘arrays himself’ are different forms of the same Greek word. Perhaps a little suggestion of that circ’.mstance might be indicated by the following not altogether felicitious translation: ‘The powers that be are placed of God; whosoever therefore displaeeth the power displaceth the placing of God.’

“Remember, we are trying to find out what Paul teaches and how that teaching is to be applied in our own time. We are to remember that when Paul wrote this he waff" living and the Christians to whom he addressed it were living in the capital of the Roman empire, under the worst government perhaps the sun has ever shone upon, and what he says 1?-. Who arrays himself against the power arrays himself against the ordinance of God. Does Paul then declare that there is no higher law than human Jaw? When Seward said there is a higher law and he was laughed to scorn for it, were they who laughed at him right and was Seward wrong? Was Daniel wrong when he refused to bow the knee to the idol reared on Chaldean plains? Were the apostles wrong when they were told not to preach the gospel any longer and they said, ‘Judge you whether wo shall do right or wrong?’ Were the Abolitionists wrong when they said, ‘We will give succor and refuge to the fugitive slave seeking his freedom?’ No, Paul does not say that jjinu are always to obey all the powers; he vays that you are to be subject under the powers, and that is quite a different matter. Daniel was subject unto the the powers when he allowed himself to be east into the lions’ den. The apostles were subject unto the powers when they were brought before the court and answered the accusation. Jesus Christ was subject unto the powers when he stood before the court of Caiaphas and Pilate uncomplaining and unresisting. Does Paul say that there is to be no overturning of government, that there are to be no revolutions, that no matter how bad government is. it is to he still submitted to and endured? Does he stigmatize as wrong the attempted overthrow of Bourbon despotism in Earope? Does he stigmatize as undivine and wicked the revolution by which Cromwell dethroned the Stewarts and by which Washington and his compatriots drove from these shores the British scepter and the British crown? No, he does not do that; for to change a government is not to array one’s self against all government: revolutionize a government is not of itself to destroy government. FAMILY, CHURCH AND STATE. “Lot us try to make this (jjear. There are three divine institutions; the family, the church and the state. And, according to Paul, they aro equally divine. The family is divine; the church is divine; and the state, or the political order or organization, is divine. But it was not undivine for men to say that the family in the time of Rome was badly founded and badly ordered. It was not undivine to say, we will try and revolutionize Jhe family, and instead of having marriage a co-partnership we will endeavor to bring back that notion of marriage which is involved in the vow ‘for richer, for poorer, for better, for worse, till death us do part.’ They revolutionized the family, but they recognized the sanctity and sacredness of it. The church is divine. And Luther did r.ot set himself against the church, but he set himself to purify the church by revolutionizing the church, and by revolutionizing the church make anew and better church. He did not deny the divineness of the church, he sought to drive out the corruption from it and mako it a church that should be truly divine. So Cromwell did not deny the divinity of government, nor Washington and Hamilton the divinity of government. They did not seek to abolish government; they did not seek to substitute lawlessness for law; they sought to make a good government in place of a bad one, a righteous government in place of an evil one. What Paul says is this: Government is a divine ordinance. It does not depend on compact tVhlch men have entered into with one another, and it does not depend upon the force of bayonets or of arms; it is a part of the divine plan that men should live in a family, that men should live in the church, and that men should live in the state or political organism. What Paul condemns is the spirit of lawlessness that would set all government at defiance and abolish it. He condemns the spirit of philosophic anarchism which says there ought to be no government, as it is represented, for instance, by such a writer as Prince Krapotkin. He sets himself against the notion that government is a necessary evil, and the least government the better, as it was represented to some extent by Jefferson, and still more radically by Thomas Paine. He sets himself against the notion that government is an organism framed by a partnership by which men surrender their liberty and their rights—the Rousseau doctrine—and he maintains this: that government is a divine decree, a divine order, a part cf the divine order of the world. “But he sets himself not less against the spirit of lawlessness, of which we have seen too much in this country. Only last week we read in our papers that horrible tragedy in South Carolina: a man, his wife, his children, the babe in- arms shot to death because he dared accept position as a postmaster under the national government in a community that did not want a colored postmaster. That is the South. We also read in our papers how after one effort after another made by a brave and loyal governor in Indiana to bring the ringleaders of a great mob to justice, one of them was acquitted and turned frem court amid the hurrahs of the crowd, because the public sentiment was in favor of the mob and against the governor in his endeavor to punish mob violence. I believe that within the last year we have had something over two hundred cases of lynch law in the United States; four a week. Now what Paul would say would: be this: If your government is wrong, change it. If your laws are wicked, disobey them and submit to the penalty. But if you cannot change the government, then remain subject to it. The lawless will of the-Individual never has a right to assert itself against the authority of tho state, however bad that authority may be. Any law is better than any lawlessness; any authority is better than mob violence. , _ „ , “In the fourteenth chapter of Paul s epistle to the Romans he takes up a question which we have already seen him discuss somewhat more fully in Corinthians. I need speak of it, therefore, only very briefly. There are certain questions respecting right and wrong about which the universal conscience is practically agreed; and are others concerning which judgment depends very much on education and. if you will, on prejudice. These doubtful questions vary from time to time. In Paul’s time the doubtful concerned themselves with the eating of meat offered to idols and with the observance of certain days and feasts that belonged to the Jewish ritual. They have long since disappeared from our serious thought, but other doubtful questions have taken their place. Is it right to play cards? Is it right to dance? Is it right to go to tne theater? These and kindred questions are the questions on which now Christians are disagreed. ys then they were disagreed on tho questions, Is it right to eat meat offered to idols? Is it right' not to observe the seventh day of'the week? Now Paul lays down certain principles by

which the individual can guide himself In answering these questions. CHARACTER DEFENDED. “The first principle i that the moral quality of an act depends not on the act, but on the spirit of the agent doing the act. Paul says an idol is nothing in the world; it does not do any harm to eat meat offered to idols—that on the one side. He says he that eateth the bread and drinketh the wine at the communion table of the Lord eats and drinks to his own condemnation if he does not eat and drink in the right spirit—that is on the other. You eat meat offered to idols in the right spirit—that is right; you eat and drink bread and wine at the Lord's table in the wrong spirit—that is wrong. Character depends on the spirit, not on the deed done. What an awful thing to maim a man ana leave him lame all his life. Yes, unless you are a, surgeon and you cut off his leg in order save .his life. Not the act done, but the spirit and the purpose with which the act is done, that determines the character of the act. “Therefore whatever a man thinks is wrong, is wrong. It does not necessarily follow that whatever he thinks is right, is right. Whatever a man thinks is wrong, is wrong. This is what Paul means in that phrase, misreported in the older version, and not quite correctly translated. I venture to think, in the newer' one, ‘He that eateth is damned if he eateth.’ Paul does not mean by any means that if a man is a skeptic and eats he will be sent to hell for it, but that is the way a great many people would read the text. He says if a man does a perfectly innocent thing, when at the very time his conseiense is protesting against his doing it, he is condemned; because he is condemned for violating his conscience; not fox* the thing he does, but for the spirit in which he does it. “How will you draw the line? There are no lines, because life does not consist in walking within rules or laws. Life consists in the spirit of loyalty to God and loyalty to one’s fellow-men, because they are children of God. Is it right to play cards? Can any man tell me, ethically, why if you print certain colored figures on the cards it is wrong, and if you print certain hi*itorical names on the cards it is right? Can anyone tell me why it is wicked to knock little balls around on a green table—that is billiards, and right to knock them arour.d on the green turf—'that is croquet? The morality of an act does not depend on the act, it depends on the spirit with which the act is done. Therefore there are no lines, and therefore if a man violates his own conscience in doing a thing he is doing wrong. May I go to the theater? No, not so long as you ask the question. If you are doubtful whether it is right to go to the theater or not, for you it is wrong. My grandfather used to say, ‘Always keep on the safe side of certainty.’ It is a good proverb, especially for young people; it is not bad for older ones. You must respect your own conscience; that is the first principle. THE CONSCIENCE OF OTHERS. “And the second priciple is, you must regard the conscience of other men. But not obey their conscience. If I may never do anything which the conscience of some neighbor of mine objects to, f really never shall get anything done in the world. The Roman Catholic cannot go to a Protestant church because the Roman Catholic thinks it is wrong, arid he cannot go to a Roman Catholic church because the Protestant thinks it wrong. The Protestant cannot go to the Roman Catholic church because the Protestant thinks it is w’rong, and he cannot go to the Protestant church because the Roman Catholic thinks it is wrong. He cannot go to church at all. We cannot go to church if we let another man’s conscience rule for us. But we are to have regard for other men’s conscience. We are to have respect for them, but not to be obedient to them. These are the very simple principles which Paul lays down in this fourteenth chapter of Romany. There are certain doubtful things; whether they are right or not, depends on the spirit of the doer, not on the deed done. If you are doubtful, they are wrong to you. If you are not doubtful, and still the doing of them will do more harm than the doing of them will do good, they are wrong. For doubtful acts are to be measured by their probable results on yourself and on others. “Finally, Paul brings this portion of his epistle to a close with the enunciation of that which seems to me to comprise the whole of his teaching in one single sentence, ‘Whatsoever is not of faith is sin.’ That is to say. there is only one right life; it is the life of a man who is living loyal to God and loyal to his fellow-men. If he has that loyal spirit in him he is living a right life, though he may make mistakes and though he may do some wrong things; and, on the other hand, if he is not living that loyal life, if he does not receive that God, if he is not in fellowship with his Father, if he is not living the life of service and love, his life is wrong, radically wrong, and no measuring by standards and no complying with laws can make it righteous. “Paul’s epistle to the Romans, then, to sum up these four lectures in one brief paragraph, I understand to be this: Neither the state nor the individual can be made right by attempting conformity to law external to one’s self, whether that law* is human or divine. Man cannot be squared to righteousness. There is only one way of living a right life; it is by receiving the free gift of God into the heart. When one has received this free gift of God into the heart anew life springs up in him spontaneously. He is as one married, who gets a new life of love from his wedding. He is as one emancipated; he is set free frortj the old bondage and the old relation of servitude. He is as a dead man who has been called from the grave by the overmastering voice of the Christ; to him even tribulation seems joyful, for tribulation is working out character, and character is all he cares for. To whom does God offer this free gift? To all the world. There is, it is true, a destiny or fate which overrules us. But it is not as the Romans think it —a mere inexorable necessity; it is not as the Jews think it—an autocratic and irresponsible partialism; it is not as the Greeks think it—a destiny which exists only to punish the wicked and avenge sin. The end of this destiny, the object of this fate, the accomplishment of this Providence is infinite and eternal mercy; and when it has accomplished its result humanity which was shut up unto disobedience will be brought out Into newness of life, and that newness of life will mean for us here and now giving ourselves wholly and unreservedly in the spirit of joyous love to the service of our fellow men because to the service of our God; loyal to the church and to the state and to the family, because they are a part of God’s ordinance; settling all doubtful questions by the voice of God that is within us, and regarding the voice of God as it speaks to others, and living the life of faith, which is the life of freedom and of joyousness.”

The Spirit of Alurcli. The wild winds frolic over hill and plain; They toss the locks of ’Winter old and hoary; They loudly trumpet Spring’s approaching glory, And die away upon the ocean’s mane Till fickle Neptune bids them rise again. How sweet to muse o’er Nature’s allegory. Watch the unfolding of her perfect story. And feel the thrill of her inspiring strain! We know not how her mighty host advances. Slow as the hand that creeps from hotffto hour. And certain as the morn’s unnumbered lances. It breaks the shackles of the Ice King’s power, Emancipating dull and drear expanses Ere long to blossom into Summer's bower. Indianapons. —Henry A. Jeffries. Chance for Adventure, New York Evening Sun. In spite of everything there are still plenty of opportunities left for human daring. From Thibet comes the story of the sufferings of Mr. Landor, who tried to reach Lhassa and got into trouble in making the attempt. He and his servants were bound to trees. Their eyes were burned with redhot irons. They were racked and wrenched out of. all semblance of men. But the courageous explorer refused to show any signs of weakening, and in spite of his being reduced to the point of death, succeeded in preserving his note books and photographs. Then there is the other explorer who ascended Mount Aconcagua In the Andes. In describing his experiences he said: ‘‘Then the dust, which smothers everything, gets into your throat and chokes you. You cough exhaustingly, and pant worse than ever. Every effort, however slight, entails fresh effort of the will, and your only desire in the world is to give up the whole thing and get down. It appears to you at that time high climbing is the most insane and needless undertaking conceivable. When I was not climbing I just sat and wished that I was dead.” So long as there are things of this sort to do there will be plenty of opportunity for letting off steam and expending the pent-up energy of the adventurers. CONSCM PTION CL It Elk An old physician, retired from practice, having had placed In his hands by an East India missionary the formula of a simple vegetable remedy for the speedy and permanent cure of consumption, bronchitis, catarrh, asthma and all throat and lung affections, also a positive and radical cure 1 for nervous debility and all nervous complaints, after having tested its wonderful curative powert In thousands of cases, hag felt it his duty to make it known to his Buffering fellows. Actuated by this motive and a desire to relieve human suffering. I will send free of charge, to all who desire it. thi* recipe, in German, French or English, with full directions for preparing and using. Kent by mall by addressing with stamp, naming this paper. W. A. NOYES, S2O Powers’ block, P.oeUegtsr, N\ Y.

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The Leader First Door West of New Stevenson Building. We Begin the Week Well Special bargains for to-morrow. Can’t mention them all—just a few given here—enough to give an idea of our special low prices.

Dress Goods Silk Remnants at one-half price. Elegant Covert Cloths, worth $1.50, at. yard All-wool Serges, blue and black, 07 , worth 50c, special price Wash Goods 18c French Ginghams at 10c 25c French Ginghams, special 15c 18c Organdies, new patterns, 10c, now IvfC “Cordonette,” worth ISc... 10c 5 cases o.f new Lawns, worth 10c... 4c Calicoes, best prints, 50 different patterns, only one Dress Pattern to each customer, worth sc, at <6'-' 120 Percales, special 7^c Apron Ginghams, worth Cheviots, the 10c goods, special ~ price... "O Domestics Regular 7c Bleached Muslin at.. 4% Good, heavy Unbleached Muslin at **U Pillow Cases, bleach- O-. ed, at Quilts, the $1.25 kind, at 69c 18c Table Oil Cloth, special price 10c 260 Towels, large, worth 12c, at.. 4c All-Linen Huek Towels, worth 10^ 18c, at Table Linen, bleached, worth 'Tft. 50c, at OUC Unbleached Table Linen, worth ')Q ~ 45c, at Crash, regular 6c quality, at 3%c Linings Best soft-finish Cambric, worth''! \/~ 6c, at 0/2 C Percaline Waist Lining, the 15c in--kind, at 18c Sateen-finish Silesia at 12c 20c Hair Cloth 15c Patterns Any ‘‘New Idea” Pattern, over 2.000 kinds, at IVU ‘‘New’ Idea” Fashion Sheets FREE “New Ideas For Women’s Wear,” a 30-page journal, given with 20c purchase of patterns. “New Idea” Fashion Book, 60 pages, at Laces, Ribbons, Etc. 6,000 yards Lace Edging, special 0,price 2,000 yards Oriental Laces, Ac worth 15c, at Silk and Satin Ribbons, worth'! l/r* 18c Veiling, special price 10c 10c Embroidery Edging at....... 4c 18c Ribbons, 4-inch, at..... 10c Ladies’ Furnishings Linen Collars, worth 15c, at Sc Lot of 50c and 15c Handker- A „ chiefs at Fancy White Aprons, worth 25c Dr. Warner’s $1 Corsets at—.. 75e 75c Corsets at 39c ONE-HALF price on Winter Underwear and Hosiery for the rest of the week.

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50,000 Rolls of Wall Paper All kinds, from lea roll up. We can furnish enough good heavy paper to cover any size ABL . room for UOC Elegant Gilt Papers, per roll.. 4c Regular 15c and 18c Papers, every pattern a beauty, at Iz^U (Special low prices for hanging paper.) Stationery 8c Tablets at Sc Good Ink Tablets at 4c Bone Pen Holders at lc Carter’s Best Ink at 2c 15c box Letter Paper at 8c Toilet Articles Buttermilk Soap. 3 bars In box, per box IvFC “May Blossom” Soap, worth 15c c* a box, at, box DC Pure Castile Soap at, bar 5c “Pears’ ” Soap at 12c Choice of our “Pinaud” and “Bourgeois” Triple Extract Perfume, worth $1.25, at OVC Notions 10c Skirt Binding, extra good, per yard OC One big lot Purses, regular price SI.OO, $1.50, during sale. 4”C Best Gossamer Face Powder 4c Side Combs, worth 10c, at 4c 5Cc Belts, gold and silver fin- On. ish, at 6VC Leather Belts, worth 35c, at 19c Sterling Silver Thimbles at 12c Aluminum Thimbles at i c 15c Knitting Silk at..T 6c Basement Economy 23c packages “Gold Dust” v\ ashing Powder at ICJC 10 bars “Santa Claus” Soap for. 25c 19 bars “Everybody’s” Soap for. 25c 190 Wash Boards at 10c Step Ladders at 21b 50c Easels at 29c 5c Tumblers at 3c Individual Condiment Sets. *n. worth 25c, at lliu Decorated Cuspidors at 10c 25c Jardinieres at 9c White Granite Plates at 2c Decorated Cups and Saucers at. lt*c 75c, $1 and ll.aO Jardinieres at... 49c 14-quart Dish Pans at lie Coffee Pots at, tc Wash Boilers at 29c Granite Dish Pans at 39c 10c Bread Knives at 5c Plated Tea Spoons, per set 12c Plated Table Spoons, per set 23e Large Sponges at *. 5c Skillets at Re Spalding’s League Baseballs.... 89c Good Baseballs at 2c Marbles, a hat full for 10c 60 Tops *C 200 different styles of Baby Cabs to select from. ’tt''! OCJ Big assortment a{..,. kP***VO

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