Indianapolis Journal, Indianapolis, Marion County, 9 December 1897 — Page 4

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THE, DAILY JOURNAL THURSDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1897. Washington Office—lso3 Pennsylvania Avenue Telephone Cal In. Business Office 23s I Fditf rial Rooms...A 86 TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. DAILY BY MAIL. Daily only, one month $ .70 Dally only, three months 2.00 Daily only, one year 8.00 Dally, including Sunday, one year M.OO Sunday only, one year 2.00 _ WHEN FURNISHED BY AGENTS. Dally, per week, by carrier 15 cts Sunday, single copy 5 cts Dally and Sunday, per week, by carrier 20 cts _ WEEKLY. Per year sl-00 Reduced Rate* to Clubs. Subscribe with any of our numerous agents or ■end subscriptions to THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, Indianapolis, Ind. Persons sending the Journal through the mails In the United States should put on an eight-page paper a ONE-CENT postage stamp; on a twelve or sixteen-page (taper a TWO-CENT postage stamp. Foreign postage is usually double these rates. All communications intended for publication In Oils paper must, in order to receive attention, be accompanied by the name and address of the Writer. If it is desired that reiected manuscripts be returned, postage must in all cases be inclosed for that purpose. THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL Can be found at the following plates: NEW YORK—Aster House. CHICAGO—PaImer House, P. O. News Cos., 217 Dearborn street, and Great Northern Hotel. CINCINNATI—J. R. Hawle* & Cos.. 154 Vine street. LOUISVILLE—C. T. Deering, northwest comer of Third and Jefferson streets, and Louisville Book Cos., 256 Fourth avenue. ST. LOUlS—Union News Company, Union Depot. Washington, and. House, Ebbitt House and Willard’s Hotel. One Hannis Taylor, of Alabama, ex-min-ister to Spain, seems to be laboring under the impression that he is a factor of national importance. He takes himself too itriously. There should be no objection to the proposed publication of the pension roll except Its expense. The last to object are veterans who deserve pensions and to whom it is a badge of honor. A yellow newspaper declares that a deficit has always been the result of a protective tariff. On the contrary, the long periods of treasury surplus were under the protective tariffs between 1861 and 1890. If correctly reported, ex-Governor Matthew’s believes that the advocacy of sound and safe money by the President is so unpopular that his party can carry Indiana by opposing such a c -rency. A pretty careful canvass of the Senate Shows that the Hawaiian treaty would not receive the necessary two-thirds vote as senators now stand, but it is thought several may be changed by debate on the question. Several Republican senators from New Hngiand oppose the annexation of Hawaii. That section of the country has furnished strong opposition to every acquisition of territory made since the foundation of the government.

If Mr. Kern had said that the Democrats cf Indiana were defrauded to the extent of 250,000 votes instead of 50,000, then nobody would have been deceived by his solemn visage and funereal tone; but he was, indeed, joking. The Louisville Courier-Journal sees an Inconsistency in legislating to shut out pauper Immigrants and in annexing Hawaii with Its mixed races and paupers. But the mixed races and paupers of Hawaii will not come to the main land to compete with its labor. Many Southern senators are said to oppose the annexation of Hawaii on the ground that it is a Republican measure and will inure to the political advantage of the Republican party. This is a despicable motive to enter into the consideration •fa great national question. The opponents of annexation of Hawaii Victim that they can count on sufficient senators to defeat the treaty. This may be so; Taut tho°e who defeat the treaty should feel in duty bound to offer a plan which will prevent the island, which is one of the points which command the Pacific, from ’falling into hostile hands. The business and financial sense of the country seems to be that the President’s plan of currency reform Is a step In the right direction, and while a large majority of fho classes named would prefer to see the greenbacks permanently retired they are disposed to accept the President’s plan as a beginning of that consummation. The government spent a good deal of money for an exhibit at the Nashville Exposition to no good purpose, and now it is asked to spend a lot more on an exposition at Omaha. Senator Allen, of Nebraska, has Introduced a bill to provide for a congress of Indian tribes at the Omaha exposition and appropriating SIOO,OOO to defray the expenses. That would be a fine show for Omaha, but of no earthly use to the government In any way. Congress should make liberal provision for an exhibit at the Paris exposition in ISWO, and with that its appropriations for expositions should stop for the present. It certainly should not establish an Indian show at Omaha. The statement of Assistant Secretary Howell, of the Treasury pepartment, should be carefully read by those who desire information regarding the probability of the present tariff yielding sufficient revenue to carry on the government and avoided by those who do not. In one statement he seems to settle questions of doubt. "If," be says, “the importations had been as large during the last four months as they were during the corresponding months of 1596. the receipts of revenue therefrom during the past four months would have been $57,072,253, or $22,597,961 In excess of the actual receipts.” He explains, as all must know, that the imports for August, September, October and November of 1896 were light because of business stagnation. If the average of the unusual imports of the four months of August, September, October and November of 1892, and of the same months in 1596, be taken, and the act of 1597 applied, the receipts would exceed the expenditures by several million dollars. There seems to be no reason why the volume of importations should not, when they reach the normal condition, be as large as the average of an active and a sluggish period. The frequent meetings in this city of fraternal societies, made up of prominent men who .reside in the larger towns tn the State, have an importance which should not be lost sight of. The tendency of communities to be<*>me narrow and perhaps clannish. Local Jealousies spring up which are every way deplorable. The only reinedy is frequent association. The railways have exerted a powerful influence In destroying local prejudices and in fusing peopfi- in distant localities, but the meeting, fiom time

to time, of five hundred men of more than ordinary intelligence, and their association two or three days while attending the ceremonies of Masonic and like bodies leads to acquaintanceship w’hlch breaks down local barriers. These men go home to think of the friends they have met, and they carry with them new' ideas. Indiana is one of the few States whose capital is so located as to be the center of fraternal association as well as of government and politics. Because it is such, men and women In all parts of the State claim it as their city in a special sense. They have the right to do so, because, by ties of kindred, many families in different sections of the State are represented in Indianapolis. TROUBLE FOR BRYAN. If report is true, Mr. Bryan may have some hard nuts to crack In connection with his proposed visit to Mexico. It is said that one of the labor leaders recently in Washington has written to him calling his attention to a series of statements regarding w’ages and prices in Mexico which were placed before the public a few’ months ago by a commission representing the prominent labor organizations of the The commission consisted of Paul J. Maas, a free-silver Republican, widely known in labor circles, and Patrick Enright, a member of the executive board of the iron molders. They went to Mexico to investigate the question of wages and prices in that country. After their return they made a report, which, after stating that the conditions of the workingmen in Mexico, “in no time in their history, have been more deplorable,” called special attention to the fact that the principal inducement offered to capital to invest in Mexico was the cheap labor to be found and no danger of strikes or their consequent evils to the investor. The report added: This is one of the strongest points advanced in soliciting investments for Mexico, which statements we have gleaned from native newspapers and literature sent broadcast to the world. To this v.’e respectfully call the attention of the workingmen, as It gives a true status of the condition of labor as it exists in our sister republic, where, in that country’, the only thing that the toller has to offer to maintain his existence—his labor~is the cheapest commodity in the country. To take advantage of this the foreigner is invited to enter and take, and, with unbridled sw'ay, enrich himself on the general misery of tne tollers. * * * Tne American w’orkingman is a prince compared to the workingman of Mexico. The report also contained a comparative table of w’ages paid in the United States and Mexico and the prices of many necessaries of life in the two countries, showing that wages averaged more than twice as high in this country as in Mexico, while the cost of everything not produced in Mexico was more than twice as much there as here. This woqld easily account for the fact that investors and employers are making “big money” in Mexico, while the mass of the people, and especially wage earners, are having the life ground out of them. This report ought to set Mr. Bryan to thinking, if he ever stops talking long enough to do such a thing. THE UNITED STATES AND GERMANY. It Is very seldom that anything occurs to create any friction between the United States' and Germany, but the recent Ger-man-Hqitian Incident has elicited a little warmth of expression on both sides. Some American newspapers, jumping hastily to the conclusion that Germany intended to "gobble up” Haiti, or at least take a piece off the island, have prematurely flaunted the Monroe doctrine and warned her to keep off, while on the other side Prince Bismarck is reported as saying: "We deem it a political necessity to oppose this American arrogance often and emphatically, and certainly when directed against Germany.” These expressions on both sides are uncalled for, and in so far as they are calculated to affect public opinion, unfortunate. It is evident that Germany has no intention of appropriating any part of the island of Haiti or interfering with its government in any manner beyond demanding an apology and indemnity for an outrage on a German citizen. The United States would have done the same thing under similar circumstances, has done it more than once. Every government worthy of the name claims and exercises the right of protecting its citizens wherever they may be, and no sort of claim is better deserving of prompt and vigorous enforcement. Germany’s demand upon Haiti is a just one, and even if it is a little severe it is not for us to complain. On the other hand, it is not “American arrogance” for us to refer to the Monroe doctrine as affording ground for a protest against territorial aggression in this hemisphere by any European government. The fact that the doctrine has no application to the present case does not lessen its force or importance from an American point of view. It is not an outgrowth of arrogance, but of the doctrine of self-protection and selfpre/ervation. The United States does not intend to have any more European powers camping around her borders or appropriating territory within striking distance of this country, and without intending to be arrogant she intends to maintain and enforce this doctrine. As for the United States and Germany, they should alwuys be good friends. No other country in Europe is so well entitled as Germany to be regarded as our natural friend and ally. A great deal has been said first and last about our “traditional friendship” with France, and our longstanding friendship with Russia, etc. In so far as these relations exist they are artificial friendships of accident or convenience. There is no natural congeniality or kinship of nature between the United States and France or Russia. There Is little or no relationship between our peoples or languages. We are originally Anglo-Saxons, with an immense addition of the Saxon element by immigration, while the French belong to the Latin races and the Russians are Mongolian, Finnish, Turco-Tartaric, and heaven only knows what else. There Is no common ground on which Americans can fraternize with the people of either country. The aid furnished by France to the American colonies during the revolutionary war was purely selfish—done to hurt England, and for that alone. Since then she has done nothing to deserve our friendship and not a few things to forfeit it. At the beginning of our civil war she entered into a secret understanding with Great Britain that they were to act together in regard to American affairs, and they were first to acknowledge the Confederates as 'belligerents—Great Britain on May 13, 1861, and France on June 11. At the same time the Emperor of the French entered into political combinations for the propagation of Imperialism in North America, which resulted in the attempt to establish a monarchy in Mexico with Maximilian on the throne. This was worse than an insult to the United States; it was a menace, and well understood as such. We do owe something to Russia for her friendly attitude firmly maintained during the civil war, but we owe nothing to Fram cc On the other hand, we are related to Ger-

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 9. 1897.

many In a considerable degree by common ties of origin, blood, language and national characteristics. If France sent Lafayette to help us during the revolutionary wax Prussia sent Baron Steuben, who rendered inestimable service in disciplining the army. While France hastened to recognize the Confederates as belligerents our minister to Berlin wrote May 8, 1861: “Baron Schleinitz, the minister for foreign affairs, gave me the most positive assurance that this government would be one of the last to recognize any de facto government of the disaffected States of the American Union.” Again, May 26, he wrote: “Prussia will do all she can, consistently with her obligations to other governments, to sustain the vigorous action of our government in maintaining law and order.” This attitude was maintained throughout the war. The United States had continual trouble with Great Britain and France during the war, but not a particle with Prussia, whose minister, Baron Gerolt, was a pronounced friend of the United Statea There were upwards of 75,000 soldiers in the Union armies of German birth, and a great many valuable officers. The German-Amerlcans of the war period were intensely loyal. They were all anti-slavery men, and contributed enormously to the moral force of the movement for emancipation. On this question they were better Americans than thousands of our native-born citizens. German immigrants to the United States greatly outnumber those of any other nationality, in fact they greatly, outnumber all other nationalities combined except the Irish, and they are thoroughly Americanized. In the event of a foreign war hundreds of thousands of them would enlist under the stars and stripes. In a war between the United States and Germany those of them who did not fight on our side would be noncombatants. Love for the fatherland would not induce one German-American to take up arm3 against the country of his adoption. German and American blood, spilled on hundreds of battlefields, has mingled In thousands of families. It flows through the veins of hundreds of thousands of our best citizens. It has enriched our literature, our colleges, our schools, our social, commercial and political life, beyond comparison with that of any or all other European peoples. These are the people and this Is the nation with which we should cultivate friendship. The United States and Germany are bound together by too many ties ever to become enemies. The Haitian affair must not make trouble between them, and, of course, it will not. The New York Sun, which opposes the retirement or redemption of the greenbacks, disputes Controller Eckels’s statement that “the experience' of every government has been that governmental currency Is a source of weakness and danger.” The Sun says: This is another untruth. Germany has for years issued government currency; so has Austiia; and the Bank of England, the Bank of France, the Bank of Germany, and the Bank of Austria are government institutions, controlled or directed by the government. By “government currency” Mr. Eckels probably meant paper currency issued directly by the government, the amount of which is fixed by legislative enactment. In that sense his statement is true. The only paper currency issued by the German government is gold notes to the amount of 129,000,000 marks, against exactly that amount of gold coin locked up in the government fortress at Spandau. The Imperial Bank, chartered by the government, issues notes, but these cannot be said to be issued by the government. The banks of England and France are chartered by the respective governments, and operate under a degree of government supervision, but their notes are issued by the banks, not by the government. There is no paper currency in the world issued directly by a government like our greenbacks except the gold notes in Germany above mentioned, and they are materially different. Our national bank notes are government .currency in a sense, but not in the sense implied by Mr. Eckels.

The Chicago Tribune criticises the President’s plan of currency reform at considerable length, and says: It is manifest that the President has not studied the Tribune’s plan, which contemplates the sale of bonds to get gold for redemption purposes and then the repurchase of those bonds by the secretary of the treasury with the greenbacks which have flowed into the treasury during the process of redemption. The Journal may be very dull, but It tails to see what this plan would accomplish. To sell bonds for gold to redeem the greenbacks, and then repurchase the bonds with the greenbacks thus redeemed would leave things as they were at the beginning. This looks like plan no plan. The action of the Interstate-commerce Commission in extending for two years the time for equipping freight trains with safety couplers and power brakes is probably a fair adjustment of the matter. As the roads wanted an extension of five years and the labor leaders insisted on only one, the decision is a compromise. Recent statistics show that the proposed equipment is a matter of great importance to railroad employes. BUBBLES IN THE AIR. A Snub, or a Challenge? He—Have you ever read any of those articles about the danger in kissing? She—l guess you arp safe. Meant as He Spake. “Yes,” admitted the wandering one, "I have been in jail. I was convict 3d in a jester’s court—” .“You mean a justice court,” said the sympathizing listener. “I mean just what I said. He got off a whole lot of jokes on my unfortnit condition.” Simple Plan. Watts—lt would be easy enough to have Sunday baseball, if the management only would go about it in the right way. Potts—l presume you have a scheme already perfected. Watts—To be sure. All they need do is to put in a side entrance and keep the front gate closed. Quite Different. Caller—Sir, I am reliably informed that you have been insinuating that I was & liar and a yhief, and I have called to demand an immediate retraction, or, in lieu thereof, your worthless hide, sir. Editor of the Bugle—All the Bugle has ever said about you, Major Gore, has been in a political way. "Oh! I beg your pardon. I was under the Impression that you had been attacking my character.” It would be just like the Democracy to make capital of the fact that the present United States Senate has In it the biggest collective wad of Money that it ever had, if it were not for the fact that that particular “piece of money” is Democratic. It doesn’t enlighten or surprise the world in the least to be told that China “is interested in" the German advances. Any one' who has ever had the pleasure of waking

up In the night and seeing an armed burglar in the room can fully understand the “interest” China feels. What the world is anxious about is what will China do about it. Governor Atkinson, of Georgia, does as he pleases, and those who do not like his actions may kick to their, hearts content. In the case of his last act, they may also kick who do like his action, as he has just vetoed an anti-football bill. A "mind reader” will start from Kansas City and will travel blindfolded around the world. He is doing himself a kindness by remaining blindfolded so that he cannot see what a fool he is making of himself. Christine Bradley will break two things when she dedicates the new battle ship Kentucky. She will break a bottle of whisky and also the Kentucky record of having never willfully wasted good liquor. Those who have seen a plank walk will be prepared for that greater novelty, a “trotting board of appeals.” CURRENT PERIODICALS. Demorest’s Magazine appears in enlarged size for Christmas and with a picture supplement in colors, showing a child “helping mamma.” One of the features of the Christmas Art Amateur is a four-page supplement, reproducing a number of famous Rembrandts owned in America. The Christmas number of Puck quadruples its regular size and contains a great variety of artistic drawings, some excellent color work, and many very clever and genuinely luminous verses, sketches and jokes. The patriotic societies of America are covered in an illustrated article, by Marion Howard, in the National Magazine (Boston.) The Sons and Daughters of the Revolution, and all the kindred societies are sketched and the badges reproduced. Portraits are also given of ’ in the different branches. The New England Magazine contains an article by Ashton R. Willard on “College Libraries in the United States.” It is a subject concerning which there Is not much general information, and the paper will find many readers. In the same number George Willis Cooke has an account of the everinteresting socialistic experiment at Brook Farm. French, Swedish, German and Bohemian periodical literature is well represented in the December International Magazine (Chicago)—all the articles being, of course, translated into English. Various editorial departments, treating of diplomatic matters, foreign gossip, subjects of current importance, etc., add to the interest and value of this periodical. There is this to be said for Carter’s Monthly, published at Chicago, and edited by Opie Read: While the portraits of Western public men with which its pages are embellished are not studies of the beautiful, they are a refreshing change from the pictures of half-clothed actresses that so many of the cheaper magazines rely upon as their chief attraction. Anew juvenile illustrated monthly Is “Little Folks,” S. E. Cassino, publisher, Boston. It is intended for youngest readers. There is nothing more difficult to find than stories and verses suited to the capacity of very little children, but the editor of this little magazine seems to have a proper conception of what is needed, and has succaeded in finding it. The contents of the first number fulfill the promise of the title page. The character of much of the daily newspaper Illustration Is cleverly shown by Leslie’s Weekly, which reproduces, in sac-simi-le, from a paper that it kindly declines to name, a black smudge, intended to be the likene'ss of Mr. Anthony Hope Hawkins. The letter press accompanying the suppo.sed portrait assures the readers that Mr. Hawkins is no less attractive as a man than as a writer. The illustrated daily press is unintentionally funny at times. Notwithstanding all the froth and foam of current literature which leads the careless observer to assume that more serious products are not to the public taste, the fact remains that deep and general interest is manifested in all the writings that touch, v.ven Indirectly, upon religious life. Books and lectures relating to the Bible, especially to its literary character, have been much in demand of late, and because of this renewed and intelligent interest it is likely that the account given in the American Monthly Review of Reviews, by Clifton Harby Levy, of how the Bible came down to us, will be welcomed by a large class of readers and students. The story is concisely told and is Illustrated by reproductions from ancient manuscripts. Other features of the current number of the Review are a paper by Ernest Knaufft, on illustration in the Victorian era; a sketch, by Lady Henry Somerset, of the late Duchess of Teck; a sketch, by “One who knows him,” of the Ameer of Afghanistan; an account of the new Canadian reciprocity movement, by E. V. Smalley, and a review of the lines of progress being taken by the American republics.

New Man from Muine. Washington Post. For the first time in over twelve years Maine will have anew representative at a regular session of Congress. Ex-Gov. Edwin C. Burleigh, of Augusta, will occupy the seat made vacant by the death of Seth L. Mllliken. Mr. Burleigh was in Washington for about three weeks of the extra session. He is tall and strong of build, with a well-balanced head, and Is a man of sturdy common sense. Mr. Burleigh bears his new honors modestly, and is by no means a pyrotechnical style of statesman. He is, however, of the kind of timber characteristic of the men who have made the State famous in national legislation, and will be an Industrious worker. Probably no man ever came to Congress with a more thorough knowledge of his district or more in diject touch with his constituents, in this respect being much like his predecessor. Mr. Burleigh is the proprietor of the Kennebec Journal, the newspaper of which James G. Blaine was once the head. It was founded before the war by a printer, Luther Severance, w’ho afterward wa3 a member of Congress from Augusta, and later minister to Hawaii. The state delegation in Congress now includes two ex-Governors, Mr. Dingley having occupied the gubernatorial chair a number of years ago. The Proposition to Divide Alaska. Leslie’s Weekly. v , v It is astonishing to read that Secretary of War Alger is inclined to favor the absurd proposition of .a Chicago speculator for the division of Alaska into two territories, one of which shall include the Yukon country and have as its capital a place called Weare, that has been founded as a basis of speculation. This proposition, as the Chicago speculator originated it, included another one, recommending the appointment of a son of Secretary of the Treasury Gage as the Governor of the proposed new Yukon Territory. As the son of the secretary of the treasury is largely interested in the mining ventures of the Chicago speculator the proposition bears on its face the evidence of its selfish purpose. Alaska may be big enough, as far as area goes, to be divided into two territories, but the element of population is the most essential one in such matters; and no responsible man will claim that the population of Alaska justifies the suggestion of the Chicago syndicate. The piesent administration has sufficient burdens to meet without being saddled with the speculative ventures of Klondike claimants. Library Work. The Outlook. The Cleveland public library has done special work among children, and among the many experiments tried in the library has been that of establishing a library league composed of the children. It was established in April. Tire same idea has been introduced into the libraries at Jamestown, N. Y., and Dayton. 0., and now numbers thousands of members. The children who take books from the libraries agree to do all In their power to assist the librarian in keeping tho books in good condition; to interest boys and girls in the right care of books. The Cleveland public library has issued a book mark containing some very telling sentences, such as “Please do not handle me with dirty hands.” “Or leave me In the rain,” "Or make marks on me with your pen or pencil,” “Or open me and lay me face down on the table,” with directions about the use of the book mark. Such training is invaluable. Ungruieful. Chicago Record. It looks like a small piece of business on the part of grown-up men to try to abolish Santa Claus after they have received all the benefits that go with the institution, i.ow that it has become nothing to them but a bill of expense.

BOOKS OF THE TIME. General Grant’* Letter* to the Hon. Eliha B. Wnslibnrne. The publication of private letters not written for publication, after the death of the writer, always carries with it a suggestion of breach of confidence—not necessarily a real breach of confidence, but a suggestion of it. For it stands to reason that the writer of the letters was not consulted in regard to their publication, and possibly he might have objected. But, however that may be, such letters have been published in a great many instances, and they are a most interesting and valuable feature of biographical literature. In fact, biography would be comparatively barren without them. Many lives of Gqperal Grant have been written, and he left his own Memoirs, but nothing has been written about him which reveals his true character as clearly from the inside, as it were, as a recent publication entitled "General Grant’s Letters to a Friend: IS6I-SO.” Tlie friend was Hon. E. B. Washburne, of Illinois, between whom and Grant there existed an intimate friendship, alike honorable to both, during a long term of years. As an influential member of Congress and friend of Lincoln’s, Washburne was of great service to Grant when the latter needed friends, and Grant repaid his service, first, in trying to discharge in the fullest degree every obligation of duty put upon him, and later by friendly service in return. The relations between the two were apparently as sincere as they were intimate, and their friendship was without a flaw. The letters in this volume cover a period of nineteen years, beginning in 1861 and ending in 1880, yet they are not numerous and none of them long. Grant probably wrote Washburne other letters during this period which are not published, but for obvious reasons during much of the time he was too busy to write often or much. The volume contains forty-eight letters, or parts of letters. Those written during the war are dated, in many instances, from famous battlefields, as Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Vicksburg, Chattanooga and the Wilderness, and reveal, incidentally, some of the strongest and most admirable traits of Grant’s character. Later letters, written during his trip around the w r orld or after his return, contain his views on men and affairs, very frankly and tersely expressed. If he ever wrote a line calculated to lower him in the estewn of his countrymen it does not appear in any of these letters. Through them all his true character appears—modest but self-reliant, never seeking nor evading responsibility, disinterested in his devotion to country and fritiyls, gentle, brave, loyal, sincere, indifferent to unjust criticism and confident of his vindication, doing his duty regardless of consequences, equal to every emergency and master of every situationin short, America's greatest soldier and the peer in history of Washington and Lincoln. In the opening letter of this collection, dated ‘‘Headquarters, District of Cairo; Cairo, Jan. 23, ISG2,” after thanking Mr. Washburne for "the part you have taken in giving mo my present position," he says: “I can assure you my whole heart is in the cause which we are fighting for, and I pledge myself that, if equal to the tasa before me, you shall never have cause to regret the part you have taken.” From I 1 ort Donelson, Fob. 21, 1862, ho writes: "On the 13th, 14ih and 15th our volunteers fought a battle that would figure well with many of those fought in Europe, where large standing armies are maintained. I feel very grateful to you for having placed me In the position to have had the honor of commanding such an army and at such a time. 1 only trust that 1 have not and will not disappoint vou.” Not a word of description or detail of three days’ fighting. He concludes: "The road to Nashville is now clear, but whether my destination will be there or farther west can’t yet be told, l want to move early, and no doubt will. In a letter written March 22, i3t>2, he denies the charge of having given up fugitive slaves, adding: "So long as I hold a commission in the army I have no views of m> own to carry out. Whatever may be the orders of my superiors and law I will execute. No man can be efficient as a commander who sets his own notions above law and those whom he has sworn to obey. When Congress enacts anything too odious for me to execute, I will resign. After Donelson there was a period of misund .r standing between General Halleck at Washington and Grant. Halleck sent him sorious dispatch, and Grant writes. Not seeing the justice of it, I retorted, and asked to be relieved. Three telegrams passed In this way, each time ending by my re due6ting to be relieved. All is now however and 1 feel assured that Halleck is fully satisfied. In fact, he wrote me a letter, saying that I could not be relieved, and otherwise quite complimentary. .This letter closes with an assurance that youshall not be disappointed in me if it Is m power to prevent it." In a letter dated "Near Corinth, Miss.. May 14 1562.” he says: "The great number of attacks made upon me by the press of the country is my apology for not writing to y° u oftener, sirlne to give any contradiction to them myself. You have interested yourself so much as my friend that should I say anything it would probably be made use of in my behalf. I would scorn being my own defender against such attacks, except through the record which has been kept of all my official acts, and which can be examined at Washington at any time. To saj that I have not been distressed at thes. attacks upon me would be fa*se, for I have a father P mother, wife and children who read them and are distressed by thermand I necessarily share with them in it. tnen, too, all subject to my orders read tl ?ese charges, and it is calculated to wea \en Uieff confidence in me and weaken my ability to render efficient service in our cauee. One thing I will assure you of, however. I cannot be driven from rendering the bes. service within my ability to suppress the uresent rebellion, and, when it is over, retir lng to the same quiet the rebellion founa me enjoying. Notoriety has no charms for me and could I render the same £rVices that I hope it has been my fortune to render to our just cause without being known in the matter, it would be infinitely referable to me Some of these attacks charged General Grant with incompetence, with needless sacrifice of his men, etc. He says: Those people who expect a field of battle to be roaintained for a whole day with about thirty thousand troops, most of them entlr?ly raw, against fiftv thousand, as was the case at Pittsburg Landing, while waiting for reinforcements to come up, without loss of life, know little of war.” In a later letter he says: "It is hard to say what would be the most wise policy to pursue towards these (Southern) people, but for a soldier his c.uties are plain. He is to obey the orders of all those placed over him. and whip the enemy wherever he meets him. Again he writes: "You will see by the papers that I am on the move. If troops are furnished me to keep open my lines of communication. there will he no delays in this department.” He would do his part. After the 'all of Vicksburg the people began to look upon Grant as the coming general, and there was a popular demand that he be placed in command of the Army of the Potomac. No doubt his friend Washburne shared in this desire, as did many other friends. Probably President Lincoln did. But there were some, high in position, who did not. Grant himself did r.ot desire the transfer. He v/ould have preferred to remain where he was. Senator Wilson, of Massachusetts, had written to Washburne on the subject, and Washburne inclosed his letter to Grant. The latter writing from Vicksburg, Aug. 30. IS3, says: "I fully appreciate all Senator Wi'son says. Had it not been for General Halleck and Dana, I think it altogether likely I would have been ordered to the Potomac. My going could do no possible good They 'have there able officers, who have been brought up with that army, and to import a commander to place over them certainly could produce no good. While I would not positively disobey an order, I would have obiected most vehemently to taking that command or any other, except the one I have. I can do more with this army than it would be possible for me to do with any other, without time to make the same acquaintance with others that I have with this. I know that the soldiers of the Army of the Tennessee can be relied on to the fullest extent. I believe I know *he exact capacity of every general in my command to lead troops, and Just where to place them to get their best services. This is a matter of no small importance.” This modesty is very different from the self-seeking disposition of some generals. Nevertheless, he was called to the Potomac to fight it out on that line. June 9, 1861. he w r rit?s from Cold Harbor, Va.: “Everything is progressing favorably but slowly;” July 23, from City Point, "I wish people North could be as "hopeful as our troops who have to do the fighting are. I cannot write you what I expect to do here. That Maryland raid upset mv plans, but I will make an attempt to do something before many days.” When Grant was battled in one plan he always had another ready. At this time, believing the rebellion was “on its last legs.” he urged the government and people of the North to stand firm. "The rebels,” he wrote, "have now In their ranks their last men. The little boys and old men are guarding prisoners, railroad bridges and forming a good part of their garrisons for intrenched positions A man lost by them cannot be replaced They have robbed the cradle and the grave equals to get their present force. Beside what they lose In frequent skirmishes end battles, they are now losing from deser tions and other causes at least one regiment per day. With this drain upon them

the end is visible if we will but be true to ourselves. Their only hope now is In a divided North.” Thus, while fighting the enemy In front, he encouraged the timid and rebuked rebel sympathizers in the rear. Feb. 23, 1865, he closes a letter from City Point with, "A few days more of success with Sherman will put us where we can crow loud.” This was the last letter until after the close of the war. All the other letters were written while he was acting secretary of war. President, or after his term as President, and during his trip around the world. They contain many interesting urd characteristic passages, but quotations must be brought to an end. Writing from Paris, he says: "I have seen nothing to make me regret that I am an American. Our country, its resources, the energy, ingenuity and intelligence of the people, etc., are more appreciated abroad than at home. If our politicians and people could see us as ethers see us. and see how much better off all producing classes are with us than in the most favored nation of Europe, they would have much less to complain of and more to be thankful for.” From Singapore, China, he writes: “I am both homesick and dread going home. I have no home, but must establish one after I get back. I do not know where.” Letters written after his return show that he was absolutely indifferent to a third term. All he wanted was “that the government rule should remain in the hands of those who saved the Union until all the questions growing out of the war are forever settled.” But he did not aspire to another term as President. "I would much rather,” he wrote, "any one of many I could mention should be President than that I should have it.” He refused to decline ’what had not been offered,” or to make a statement that he would never consent to being a candidate again after 1880. "Such a statement,” he said, "would only serve as a handle for my enemies. It might well be made after the nomination, if I am nominated in such a way as to accept. It is a matter of supreme indifference to me whether I am or not.” No doubt General Grant wrote many letters to Mr. Washburne which do not appear in this little volume, but those w hich it does contain contribute very materially and interestingly to our knowledge of his character. New York: T. Y. Crowell & Cos. The Occasional Address. Under the present conditions of American life most professional men are sometimes called upon to deliver an address on some special oefcasion. Some are frequently called upon to (Jo so. Those who are thus called upon, who expect to be, or who have a hope or suspicion that they may be, can obtain some ideas of how to do It from “The Occasional Address, Its Composition ar.d Literature,” by Dr. Lorenzo Sears, of Brown University. The object of the work is to present the main requirements for the production of the occasional address. A consideration of its principal elements of structure is followed by an examination of the forms which it has assumed, thus uniting the sympathetic and the analytic treatment of the subject. In preparing the work the author’s aim seems to have been partly to furnish useful suggestions to professional speakers and partly to instruct students interested in the basis and structure of oratorical composition. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons. Three Margarets. Laura E. Richards, author of "Captain January,” has written a pretty juvenile story entitled "Three Margarets.” Three little girls, first cousins, who have never met before, met as visitors in the house of a relative. It turns out that they all have the same name, Margaret, so to distinguish them one is called Rita, another Peggy and the third plain Margaret. One of them was born in Cuba, and is an ardent patriot. The home experiences of the little girls make a pretty story. Boston: Estes & Lauriat.

Book* for Boys. "At the Front” and ‘<The Pacific Shore," by the author who has so long been one of the primo favorites of boys, Oliver Optic; "Guarding the Eorder,” by E. T. Tomlinson, who has written entertaining books about the war of the revolution and of 1812, designed to encourage patriotic enthusiasm in boys, and “The Happy Six," by the author of the “Little Miss Weezy” series, are among the holiday publications of Lee & Shepard, Boston. Her’Place in the World. The latest story of Miss Amanda M. Douglas, "Her Place in the World,” is regarded as one of the best of the many interesting stories which have made so many readers her friends. It is a story which embraces the life of a small country town. The characters are strongly drawn, and naturally attract readers. The book appeals specially to young women. Published by Lee & Shepard. The District School. “The District School as It Was,” written by one who attended and taught them In New England, is the title of a small book published by Dee & Shepard, Boston. Doubtless the book gives a fair picture of the early schools of Indiana, also. Those who read the book can note the changes which have taken place—perhaps not all for the better. An appendix contains pages from old spellers. Hildcgarde’s Harvest. Hildegarde was a nice, bright girl, brought up in a village, who goes to New York to visit a rich aunt, and captivates everybody by her amiable character and refined manners. She dispenses happiness wherever she goes, and her “harvest” is the capture of a manly lover. "Hildegarde’s Harvest” is a wholesome story of family life for girls. Boston: Estes & Lauriat. Books Received. “Dreams on Homespun,” by Sam Walter Foss. Boston: Lee & Shepard. "An Oregon Boyhood,” by Louis Albert Banks. Boston: Lee & Shepard. CHINA AS A BORROWER. The Minister at Washington Is In Pursuit of an $80,000,000 Loan. W. E. Curtis, In Chicago Record. For the last thirty days Mr. Wu, the Chinese minister, has been trying to borrow the sum of $80,000,000 on the bonds of his government from American capitalists. It will bo necessary for China to pay that sum to Japan as the third installment of the war indemnity March 1 next, and It will have to be borrowed of foreigners, as there Is nothing in the Chinese treasury, and so large an amount of cash cannot be raised within the country. The first installment of the indemnity was borrowed from French and Russian banks, and the second from German banks, upon the guaranty of the Russian government. The Czar indorsed the notes of his neighbor, and as compensation therefor became the master of the Chinese empire. It was a very remarkable transaction. China sold her political and commercial liberty for that indorsement. It is believed by diplomatists in the east that, as part of the bargain, a treaty was negotiated, which is still kept secret, in which the Czar guaranteed the integrity of the Chinese empire and promised to defend China hereafter against ail hostile foes. Therefore, it was expected that Russia would interfere to defend China against .the Germans, who have seized one of the best ports on the coast, and are sending the brother of the Emperor and 4,500 men to occupy and defend it, with modern artillery and other implements of war. Thus far Russia has been perfectly dormant regarding the German invasion of its Chineso preserves, and its attitude Is not understood. Whether there is a secret understanding between Germany and Russia against England .is unknown, but such a thing has been suggested to explain Russia’s indifference. The official newspapers of Germany are very candid. They already admit that the murder of the missionaries was only used as a pretext for the occupation of a Chinese port, and the Cologne Zeitung, which Is inspired at the Foreign Office at Berlin, says naively that "there is much self-congratulation that the missionary incident absolves the government from the tedious and perhaps abortive process of diplomatically claiming a coaling station in a treaty or a settlement on perpetual lease." The Indifference of Russia Is the only evidence that there Is an understanding between that country and Germany. The Chinese government is rapidly removing all the Germans from its army and customs service and substituting Russians for them; and several other foreign employes in the railway and telegraph service as well as the army and customs have been recently displaced by Russians. At the present rate there will soon be very few foreigners but Russians in the employ of the Chinese, but thu far the prohibition has not extended to Americans, nor to Belgians, hut only to subjects of *he great Furopean pow rs. 'he Chinese and the Russians both understand that neither Belgium nor the United States is likelv to interfere in their political relations and that is the chief reason why the new ioan is sought in this country. Although there is no people on earth more scrupulous in the observance of contracts the credit of China is not good. This is due to the lack of revenue and the political ec mplieatlons just described. A Chinaman will rob a stranger or his government and eheat the eyeteeth out of a neighbor, and particularly a "foreign devil,” but when ho nakes a contract or an agreement, be it written or oral, or If he merely says the "•ords “will do,” so common In commercial transactions in his country, he can be depended upon to the last letter, even If it deprives him and his family of their entire

fortune. It has been asserted that there never was a Chinese defaulter. Thia is not true, but th# number is less than any Christian nation can show. The government is Just as good as Its people, and the Emperor would repay every cent that ha borrowed even if he had to confiscate all the property of all his subjects. But the bankers of New York and San Francisco will not even consider a proposition from Mr. Wu because of the Impending trouble with Germany, and the fear that there may be a war is one reason why the Chinese have not made more of a disturbance about the German invasion of their territory. The Chinese debt amounts to about $250,000.000, and it has nearly all grown out of the recent war with Japan. The interest is 5 per cent. The revenues of the government are unknown, but are estimated at about $100,000,000 a year. The only statistics published concern the customs collections, which are in the hands of foreigners under the direction of Sir Robert Hart, an Englishman. They amount to about $30,000,000 a year in silver. The land tax is estimated at a similar amount, the salt monopoly at $10,000,000, inland customs dues at $15,000,000, the rice tribute $10,000,0u0, the sale of titles, brevets and offices $5,000,000, the opium tax $10,000,000 and small amounts from other sources of revenue. But there is so much corruption and so much wastage that no one can tell how much of this money reaches the throne. Mr. Wu is very much discouraged concerning his efforts to place a loan In the United States. Any banking syndicate that would be willing to take $80,000,000 of 5-per-cent. twenty-five-year bonds from China would be in a position to command some valuable railway and other concessions, but our financial men are not in the habit of making foreign loans, and aie very timid. THE SON OF HIS FATHER. Yoanff Edison Is Already Making Hie Mark as an Inventor. Philadelphia Press. Thomas A. Edison, Jr., has entered the field as an electrician, and will in future devote himself to the study of the great force. Young Edison has spent much of his time in the laboratory of his father for several years past, an<J it is said that he has played an important part in the experiments and discoveries with which the senior Edison has startled the world. Last August the young man started out in life, with a desire to make himself heard in the world’s noisy traffic. To-day he has an office in a big Broadway building, and the big electrical manufacturing companies wdth the long titles and the capital of many millions are studying this young man with great care, while pretending that they are not aware of his existence. This Is a very hollow pretense, however, for he has attacked them tn their own strongholds. He has Invented a device which, he says, is only the first of a series of improved appliances in various lines of electrical work. It Is an incandescent lamp, similar to the one now In use to the Inexperienced eye, but possessing, it is said, many advantages. He calls it the "Edison Junior,” with conscious pride, and claims for it superiority over all others In the Important details of vacuum and filament. To achieve these results the young man designed his own pump, and says that with it he can exhaust ten lamps to a high degree of perfection in less time than is required by the ordinary vacuum pumps generally used to exhaust one lamp. The filament Is his own Invention also—a chemical combination carbonized at 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit, snaking it as near absolutely pure carbon as it is possible to obtain. Curiously enough, neither the pump nor the filament has been patented. "My father’3 experience has taught me to steer clear of the Patent Office. He has taken out scores of patents, but he has spent as much money and time fghting to uphold them. I guess, as they are worth. I’m going to keep my ideas to myself. Secrecy is a better safeguard than a patent any time.” Undoubtedly young Edison believes In secrecy. The ideas feu* this lamp came to him four or five'years ago, but he quietly stored them up against a rainy day. This having come, he puts them to excellent use. He told me he had shown the lamp to his father, but not until It was completed and on the market. Young Edison Is highly gratified with the result of his business venture. His father, It should be observed, has nothing to do with this lamp, sret5 r et It Is being manufactured and sold in large quantities. The young man declined to say where his financial backing came from, but as he speaks of travelers on their way to South America, of Pacific coast agencies and of the Japanese and Chinese trade, it is to be presumed that large amounts are interested, and the big companies employing his respected father must wake up. "As soon as this lamp is fairly started in a business w r ay,” he said, "I am going to work on several ideas which I have almost perfected, and which will be startling, I think. You see, I spent nearly nine years with my father, and It would be funny If I hadn’t picked up a few things that may result in something new.” The young man was with his father when the cabled news reached him of the discovery of the X rays, and when for ninety-six hours, without a break, they experimented with the new force. He w r as concerned in the subsequent work in this line, taking part in many of the 1,800 tests which fixed, upon tungstate or calcium as the chemical for the fluoroscope. The Edison iron-mining process, which has recently been exploited, also took much of the young man’s time. He fnUn--* <-1% step in the evolution of the perfected md* chinery which extracts ore by magneLom, and spent many weeks at the plant now in operation in New Jersey.

AN INDIANA NOVELTY. Toirn in "Which Huckmen Solicit Patronage in a Pecnliar Way. St. Louis Globe-Democrat. ‘‘As I stopped to change cars at Princeton. Ind.,’’ said a gentleman who has just arrived in the city from Kentucky, “I vf as greatly puzzled at the sight which met my eyes. Though my home is near Princeton, I had never been in the town before, and I had no personal knowledge of the people who lived there. There was great silence at the railway station, and, though many persons were moving about, no one uttered a word. ‘ls it a town of deaf-mutes?’ I said to myself. But presently my eyes were blinded by many small mirrors, as it seemed to me, casting a dozen shadows in my eyes from the hands of as many burly negrotes. Tt seemed no matter of fun to them to cast these shadows. They were grimacing, contorting their faces and twisting their fingers in a manner strange to see. No deafmutes, but lunatics, I said to myself, and I began to look for some safe means of exit. But these dumb, grimacing creatures were on all sides of the platform, and as I advanced one way or the other those at that point lunged toward me, and I saw I was a prisoner. ‘‘lt was a frightful feeling for a few moments, and then a rational explanation of the scene was made. Conquering my timidity, I went boldly to one of the biggest of the black men, and, seizing him by the shoulder, I said, ns a hypnotist might my: ‘What do you mean by casting shadows in my eyes?’ The man caught me by the coat sleeve and whispered in my ear: Til tell you. boss, but I has to whisper, ’cause we ain’t allowed to talk. You has to come to me. I can't come and git you. They won’t let us stand on the platform.’ “Then I found out that these silent men had once been the vociferative, shouting Packmen who make themselves so omnipresent on the platform stations of most small towns. The good people of Princeton determined to live in peace and quiet, and by act of the City Council they prohibited the haekmen from using their voices. But even this did not abate the nuisance. The haekmen would run up to the train and almost carry away their patrons by force. So the City Council passed a law forbidding them to sitand on the platform. Deprived of speech and power of locomotion, these haekmen had a happy thought. Each one bought a bright tin plate and had the name of his hotel embossed on the plate in raised letters. “So thev all stand there, waving their tin plates and never uttering a sound. They say that they have grown accustomed to it now. and they get along pretty well, for nearly all of them have regular patrons that they can dppend on. and, as for newcomers. one harkman Is just as well off as another. The motive power which formerly came out of their lungs they now devote to polishing their tin plates.” Why the Shall Wum AuftitMNinated. New York Tribune. It Is only now that the true circumstances which led to the murder of the late Shah of Persia have become known, through the revelation of an Austrian diplomat, who represented his country in Teheran at the time of the murder, but who is now on tho retired list. It seems that the murder had nothing to do either with religious fanaticism or with revenge for the persecution to which the Babblst sect had been subjected in Persia, but that It was a mere case of private and personal vengeance. Years ago tho murderer, then a merchant, had sold some valuable articles to the third son of the late Shah, who was minister of war at the time. On demanding his money he waa thrown into prison, kepi there seven years, his pretty young wife, to whom he was passionately attached, being meanwhile forcibly appropriated by the prince. After his release ho fled to Constantinople, where h made the acquaintance of the Afghan Sheikh, Piemal-ed-Dln, who recently died in the Sultan’s palace. He obtained from him letters of introduction to personages in Persia hostile to the Shah, returned in disguise ami killed the king of kings, crying as he tired. “One must fell the tree that bears had fruit." thus making the father responsible for the wrong deeds of his son.