Indianapolis Journal, Indianapolis, Marion County, 3 October 1897 — Page 12

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THE SUNDAY JOURNAL SUNDAY, OCTOBER 3. 1897. \>shington Office—lso3 Pennsylvania Avenue Telephone Calls. Business Office 228 I Editorial Rooms...A 86 TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. DAILY BY MAIL. . _ A Daily only, one month * Dally only, three months 2-J*" Daily only, one year *•{** Daily, including Sunday, one year Sunday only, one year 2.00 WHEN FURNISHED BY AGENTS. Daily, per week, by carrier 1? C J S Sunday, single copy a 018 Daily and Sunday, per week, by carrier 20 cts WEEKLY. Redneeil Kate* to Clnlis. Subscribe with any of our numerous agents or ■end subscriptions to THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, India iinpoHs, Jnd. Persons sending the Journal through the mails In the United States should put on an eight-page papet a ONE-CENT postage °tamp; on a twelve or sixteen-page paper a TWO-GENT postage stamp. Foreign iwsiage is usually double these rates. All communications intended for publication in this paper must, in order to receive attention, be accompanied bv the name and address of the writer. Jf it is desired that rejected manuscripts be returned, postage must in all cases be inclosed lor that purpose. THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL Can be found at the following plates: NEW YORK— Windsor Hotel and Astor House. CHICAGO—PaImer House and P. O. News Cos., -17 Dearbcrr. street. CINCINNATI—J. R. Hawley & Cos., 154 Vine street. LOUISVILLE—C. T. Peering, northwest corner of Third and Jeflerson streets, and Louisville Book Cos., 2SS Fourth avenue. ST LOUlS—Union News Company, Union Depot. WASHINGTON. D. cT— Riggs House, Ebbitt House, Willard's Hotel and the Washington Nev.s Exchange, Fourteenth street, between Penn, avenue and F street. —Sixteen Pages== Greece is the sick man of Europe now, and under the drastic treatment of the powers is likely to continue so. The civilized world outside of Spain could afford to join in an international celebration over the recall of Butcher Weyler. Governor Filigree is wanted In Michigan. The Board of State Auditors, at Lansing, has held up several bills which bore his approval in the shape of a rubber stamp signature affixed by a clerk. The statement that the value of the estate of the late Senator Fair, of Nevada, is much less than it has been estimated should cause no surprise. The shrinkage of estates running up into the millions is so common as to be a rule. The manufacturers of England have received another shr.ck in the intelligence that tha motors, rolling stock and equipment of the new underground railway in London have been awarded to an American compary because it offers the cheapest and the best. London, advices are to the effect that the famine in India is over. It extended over a country populated by 40,000,000 of people, all of whom were more or less pinched by it. The British government in India displayed wonderful intelligence in suppressing the greatest famine of a century.

It should not be cause for surprise that the young man who shot and instantly killed a girl in this State a few days ago announces that his defense will be temporary Insanity. Really, the dodge of emotional or temporary insanity to escape punishment for murder should be ruled out of every court. A rumor is finding currency in New Jersey that ex-President Cleveland would not object to representing the State in the United States Senate. Probably if the office seeks him “real hard” it can find him. He is a native of New Jersey, and there would be nothing undignified in an ex-President becoming a senator. That “the sick man of Europe,” Turkey, has regained his health and spirits finds proof in the declaration of the willingness of the Sultan to take the lead In the concert of Europe to put an end to British barbarities in Egypt. This means the transfer of Egypt to Turkey. The impudence of this suggestion appears when it is remembered that for years the British government practically prevented the blotting of Turkey as a government from the map of Liu ope. * • A generally expected and foreshadowed by recent dispatches. Senor Sagasta, the Liberal leader, has been called to form a Hew Spanish Ministry. He will undertake the work under the greatest possible difficulties. With two formidable insurrections on its hands, in Cuba and the Philippine islands, with an empty treasury and ruined credit, a discontented people, a feeble government and a threatened revolution at heme, the new Cabinet will plunge at once into a sea of troubles. Probably no minister ever assumed office under greater difficulties, and if Senor Sagaata proves equal to the situation he will be Spain's grand old man. The resolution of Miss Goldmann, the New York Anarchist, to abolish God from the affairs of the universe, presented in the Dbs labor convention in Chicago, , shows to what extent the rebellious sentiment of those who are anxious to destroy social order goes. In fact, no one thing is better calculated to show us whither the heresies of the teachers of anarchy lead than this b asphemoua resolution to abolish God ftom the universe. Such a shocking avowal, however, can but cause many people who may be unmindful of the existence of a Supreme Ruler of the universe to step and think about it, and to be grateful that such a power holds the millions from the godlessness of the Anarchist. At the annual meeting of the American Institute of Architecture, which has just closed in Detroit, the president recommended that a permanent paid secretary be kept in Washington, and suggested the appointment of a committee to work out a plan for the establishment of a national architectural museum to be located in Washington. He thought many wealthy and patriotic clients of the individual architects could be induced to help the plan and that it would be of incalculable benefit to the student of architecture and to all lovers of pure art in that work. The suggestion is a good one. Architecture Is the most practical of all the arts, and is fully as worthy of promotion as painting or sculpture. We have art galleries and collections galore, but no institution of the kind suggested. The architects should take hold of the matter. The death of General Neal Dow, of Portland, Me., removes from life a man who has had a national reputation for more than forty years. He was. more than any one ether naan, the author of the first Maine prohibitory law. He led those who secured its passage in Im:*, and was the first man tu the State in the u 'ement and subse-

quently In the country. In all those years he was an attractive personality. Asa speaker he was eloquent and logical. Unlike many of his followers, he was neither bitter nor abusive. Asa citizen he was generally respected for his kindly instincts and courteous bearing. To the last he was true to the cause of which he was the first teacher. At times he did not go so far as some of his followers, but in whatever he did he held the esteem of the men ot his State, a fact which was demonstrated on his ninetieth birthday in the congratulations which poured in upon him. He possessed the rare faculty of carrying his auelience with him and was master of a keen satire, which he tempered with humor.

IN TIME OF PEACE, PREPARE FOR WAR. “Among the many interesting objects which will engage your attention, that e,f providing for the common defense will merit particular regard. To be propped for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace.” So said the great and wise Washington in his first inaugural message, or, as it was then called, address, to Congress, Jan. 8, 171*0. The second sentence in the extract is generally quoted “In time of peace, prepare for war.” The sentiments are somewhat different. The expression used by Washington made the preservation of peace the main object, while the common form makes preparation for wdr paramount. The advice is good, however it is put, but it was not until comparatively recent years that the United States began to put it in practice, it has been rather too much our practice to depend on improvised armies and navies. The government has always had a small nucleus of both, but in considerable war its regular army and navy have had to be supplemented with volunteers and improvised war ships. Happily this resource has never failed, and the patriotism and courage of the people have been equal to every emergency. Manifestly, however, an occasion might arise when they would not be. Land forces would be useless in a naval war, and improvised ships would be powerless against modern steelclad war ships. Coast defenses, too, are an imperative necessity. Until comparatively recently we were very weak in these regards. Until within a few years a foreign fleet could have bombarded any of our seaboard cities and ravaged the entire Atlantic and Pacific coasts. To prevent this a navy and coast defenses were necessary. At last Congress realized the fact, and now we are rapidly getting into a fairly defensible state. Our navy, counting the vessels under construction and including fighting machines of all classes, now consists of 141 ships. That is about the number of English vessels which destroyed the Spanish armada of 210 ships, yet any one of our sixty war ships could have sailed through both of those fleets unharmed and perhaps sunk most of their ships. While our navy is by no means the strongest in the world, it is much stronger than ever before and is being still further strengthened, while our coast defenses are being strengthened at a remarkable rate. Under an act of the last Congress $10,000,000 are being spent this year for coast defenses. By* the terms of the appropriation act that sum became available on the first of July last. On that day the treasurer of the United States was authorized to pay out not exceeding $9,717,144 upon requisitions from the secretary of war, showing that it was to be paid for gun or mortar batteries; sites for fortifications or seacost defenses; for their repair; for torpedoes; for armament of fortifications, and for additions and repairs for arsenal and proving grounds. This will be much the largest sum the government has ever expended for coast defenses in any one year, and larger than any other country wifi spend this year for the same purpose. It will be spent chiefly for guns and mortar batteries, torpedoes and ammunition. No more stone forts are built. They are obsolete. A third-rate modern war ship carries guns that can batter down the most formidable stone walls in a few hours. The government has fine-looking stone forts at Portland. Me., around New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Wilmington, Washington, Charleston, Pensacola, St. Augustine, New Orleans and some other seacoast ports—all obsolete and worthless for coast-defense purposes. The new defenses will consist of holes in the ground, called emplacements. Over these holes are steel roofs from ten to eighteen inches thick. Down in the pits are machines for loading, lifting, raising and firing eight, ten and twelve-inch-caliber rifled guns. These guns will be so mounted that they can sweep the ocean in any direction to a distance of eleven miles. They are loaded down in the emplacement, lifted and fired by machinery and then automatically sink back into the holes again. The points of vantage in the vicinity of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington and Charleston will be occupied by these works, and in addition to that exposed rivers like the Delaware and the Potomac will be thickly planted with torpedoes which can be exploded by electric wires carried to a long distance. No foreign war ship can ever again ascend one of these rivers on a hostile errand, and no fleet can get within ten miles of one of our seacoast cities after the defenses now under way are completed. These are the means the government is now using to provide for the common defense and preserve peace by preparing for war.

EXPERT TESTIMONY. Those who are following the trial of L.uetgert, who is charged with murdering his wife in Chicago, must be impressed with the worthlessness of the expert testimony which has been presented. For some time the drift of such testimony has been toward unreliability, because the experts have been questioned and have given answers favorable to this or that side of the controversy. This has gone so far that there is a quite prevalent suspicion that experts hold somewhat of the relation of advocates for the side for which they testify. In the case in question the differences of opinion regarding things with which every fairly-read physician should be familiar are surprising. Any intelligent physician, to say nothing of an expert, should be able to affirm with definiteness whether certain bones presented in testimony were those of a human being or a domestic animal. With a few of the bones of a tish Agassiz was able, it is said, to describe its form and size, but here wfe have men calling themselves experts in anatomy disputing whether certain bones were those of a woman or a sheep. One of them must be right about the matter, but both witnesses, if experts, should be correct. An exchange, commenting upon this diversity of opinion, says that it is not difilcult to explain why it should be so. “By a natural mental process.’* it goes on to say, “unconscious even to himself, an expert employed to testify for a party to a

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, SUNDAY. OCTOBER 3, 1897.

suit inclines from the first to assume the point of view of his employer. The scientist who has embraced a given theory has a point of view which leads him to make every subsequent discovery of fact fit into his original hypoth#is.” The difficulty lies in the fact that such experts are not scientists except in name. The difficulty arises from the fact that so many men who assume to be instructors in economics and sociology are not scientists, because, instead of setting up a theory and hunting for what they are pleased to regard as data to maintain it, they should investigate phenomena and draw conclusions. Thus arises the weakness of expert or professional testimony. Those who are calied to testify on either side are given an hypothesis to sustain, and they make an effort to do so. If experts are to be used in criminal or civil trials affecting large interests, there should be some requirement in regard to attainments. No person should be permitted to testify as an expert involving a knowledge of anatomy who cannot distinguish between the skull of a human being and that of an ape or a dog. Such a restriction would interfere with the long drawn-out trials in which conflicting expert testimony plays a prominent part, and in the end muddles jurors, but it would tend to put all questions of anatomy and usually of mental conditions in a way to settlement on a really scientific basis. Furthermore, instead of permitting plaintiff and defendant to select their experts, tfie court, in important cases, should make the choice, so that the decision, if one should be made with unanimity, should partake of the judicial quality of the presiding judge, and thus dispose of the differences between the experts of the plaintiff and the experts of the defendant, which simply confuse jurors. THE WISDOM OF WAITING.

The Washington correspondent who said a few days ago that President McKinley had settled upon ro really definite policy in regard to Cuban affairs probably knew or guessed at the fact. He is waiting and hoping for developments which will make the way clearer and the task easier. Those people who have neither knowledge of nor regard for international considerations will charge the President with unpardonable timidity. All that they desire is that Cuba be declared free and independent, and if to secure it should involve us in troubles and even in war, it seems that it would suit them all the better. Enthusiasm is the quality conferred upon many persons who seem not to have been endowed with sufficient strength to carry a sound judgment. The conditions in Spain and Cuba are such that the President need not take decisive measures at once. Spain is changing its Ministry. It is not beyond possibility that the policy which the Liberal Ministry may adopt will make settlement possible on some basis. If Spain were a country of to-day Cuba would be better off as a province, as are most the dependencies of Great Britain. Those patriots who are supporting the revolution at the safe distance of Key West and New York are loud in their declarations that nothing else than independence will be accepted. Independence may be a great thing for Cuba, and it may not. The doubt is expressed because a certain amount of intelligence is needed to uphold a popular government. With abler leaders and quite as intelligent masses as has Cuba, the history of the attempts at popular government in SpanishAmerican states is not such as leads to the confident assumption that a similar government would be successful in Cuba. These and similar reasons are sufficient to cause the President to wait until it can be seen what comes of the change of Ministry in Spain. If nothing comes of it the President can have it to say, in the event that he must adopt a positive policy later on, that he waited patiently for Spain to change its policy and to bring the war to a close. The most conservative do not expect that the President will wait forever. Our own interests and the dictates of humanity demand that the barbarities in Cuba shall come to an end.

STENOGRAPHERS AND TYPEWRITERS. The statement that there is a large' demand for male stenographers and typewriters in the departments at Washington need not necessarily raise a cry that an unjust discrimination is being made against young women, though this will doubtless be heard. While it is true that many women fit themselves for such occupations, it does not follow that they should take precedence of men in applying for positions. If they come in competition with them they must take their chances and ask no special favors. When they do this they must be even Letter qualified for the work they propose to undertake than are their male rivals, for in spite of the innumerable women engaged in office work traditions and prejudices to a considerable extent still lean to the employment of boys and young men. That this feminine superiority is frequently shown accounts in part for the readiness with which female stenographers secure positions and for the satisfaction they give. The chief reason is, however, that the great number who have taken up these pursuits have lowered the rates of compensation; girls are employed to act as stenographers and typewriters for less pay than a young man is willing to accept, and consequently fewer boys are fitting themselves for such work. It is perhaps not true that the girl of sixteen or eighteen is, as a rule, more likely to be imperfectly qualified for her work than the average boy of the same age, but it is unfortunately the case that a great number of girls undertake to fill positions as typewriters and stenographers whose general education is so limited that even if they are expert in taking notes their lack of familiarity with any but the narrowest vocabulary causes them to make serious verbal errors in transcribing them. They are apt to be poor spellers and have but a rudimentary knowledge of the rules of punctuation. The boy may have the same faults, but is more likely to become aware of his deficiencies and to overcome them. She commonly expects to remain a stenographer until she marries; he is merely practicing the art as a preliminary to something better and more lucrative. Even where the qualifications of the male and female applicants are equal the employer who selects the former has the right to his preference and is not deserving of censure. This is as true in the government departments as elsewhere, and until the civilservice law makes it obligatory that an equal number of men and women shall be given positions the preferences of the heads of bureaus will make themselves felt. The demand for boys, above noted, should not, however, have the effect of causing a rush of young men to seek the positions. A salary of s6uo or SI,OOO has Its attractions to the impecunious youth, but if he have any ambition beyond a bare living and does

not wish to spend his life plodding away in a Washington department he will turn his face away from the temptation in the beginning, for when he is once in the coils of the service the enervating influences, the short hours and light duties will gradually weaken ambition in spite of himself; his plans for making his stay but temporary will fade, and his dread of giving up a “sure thing” for the uncertainties of business and the easy clerical routine for hard work on his own responsibility will finally cause him to become a fixture so far as the matter depends on his own choice. It is not an enticing prospect that the government demand opens to him. FICTION THAT IS DEPRESSING. A writer in an exchange, speaking of the recent fancy for naming the “ten best poems,” “ten best short stories,” etc., expressed a wish that someone would name ten best works of fiction suitable for an invalid’s reading—books that had in them elements of cheer and recreation and were free from morbidness. Such a choice he had found it hard to make. He is not the first who has encountered the same difficulty, though the search is not in every case for invalids. One may be entirely well in body and mind and yet have a preference for cheerful literature. As between two novels of equal literary merit, one tragic in character, the other showing humor and more of the light than shadow of life, the latter will be chosen invariably by any reader who is seeking recreation or forgetfulness of every-day cares, as most novel readers are. Few, indeed, are the readers of fiction who will not frankly confess to a preference for stories that “end well.” Such a taste is natural and wholesome, and its gratification need not necessarily involve any sacrifice of literary unities. It is true that real life has its tragedies, and that happiness is not the portion of every human creature who seems to deserve it, but real life also has its sunshine in fair measure, and every creature turns instinctively towards it and away from the shadow. It is not inartistic to depict the bright rather than the gloomy episodes of human existence, but the reverse, and inasmuch as the writer of novels has the advantage of being able to handle his materials as fate might not, there is no reason why, if he must lead his characters into a slough of despond, that he should not rescue them in the end, rather than leave them to sink and be lost in the mire. In doing this he is only giving expression to the universal longing for a realization of the highest hopes and aspirations and to the natural liking to see merit rewarded. But for some inscrutable reason the majority of the novelists of the day have a preference for the dark and dismal. They write with a purpose, though it is not always easy to discover what the purpose is, unless it be that of casting a gloom over the minds of their readers; they deal with the most depraved elements of society and delight in picturing the most objectionable traits of character, to the exclusion of the normal human being and his more attractive nature. As for humor, it is not known to the writer of the purpose novel. Mr. Hardy once had a humorous touch, but when he turned his mind to the horrors of “Tess” and “Jude” this saving grace vanished. The author of the very tiresome “Marcella” is a preternaturally solemn person; Hall Caine’s “Christian” never smiles; “Mrs. Keith’s Crime,” one of the books that shrewd advertising has brought into several editions, deals with a horrible situation. Even our own Miss Wilkins, whose delineations ojf New England life are so accurately done, leans to the somber types and to the least pleasing traits. It will not do to say that it is because no others present themselves, for Miss Jewett, on the same ground, finds the most delightfully agreeable people. Because McLaren and Barrie have humor people accept them with pleasure in spite of their atrocious dialect. Du Maurier had a gift of cheerfulness, and hence his popularity. Anthony Hope, one of the genuine, artists among story tellers, writes because he has a story to tell, not because he has a lesson to teach or a theory to work out. Even the tragedy in his fantastic tales has Its mitigations as it is apt to have in reality. Hope’s mission is apparently to give pleasure, but he is one of the few. Kipling, the prince of short-story writers, made his one novel a nightmare. He will probably do bette** on a second attempt. So much tragedy and gloom and pessimistic sentiment as some of the strongest writers are now giving the public is a great blunder and a perversion of talent. Probably it is a fashion that will pass, but it cannot pass too soon for the satisfaction of the personage known as the "average, reader.” Let us hope that the next school of fiction writers will occupy their legitimate place as public entertainers and leave the preaching and the hobbies for another class of writers. *

THE UNITED STATES AT THE PARIS EXPOSITION. Hon, John Sherman, secretary of state, has asked Governor Mount to see that Indiana is properly represented at the Paris exposition in 1900, and the invitation is understood to imply that the United States will depend largely on state representation. If this is so there is danger that the work may not be satisfactorily or creditably done. It should be admitted at the outset that the United States government should be grandly represented at the exposition. As the opening exposition of the twentieth century it will be a very notable event, and it is evident already that the French government and people will spare no labor or expense necessary to make it finer and grander than any that has gone before. In such a competitive exposition of the world’s resources and progress the United States ought to stand in the first rank of nations. It cannot do otherwise without subjecting itself to crticism not only from the authorities of the French government, but from others who will put forth the greatest possible effort* to make a fine showing. To insure such a representation as the occasion demands will require a concentrated and well directed effort on the part of the general government, backed by a liberal appropriation and Intelligent management. There should be no shirking of the duty and no farming out of responsibility to the States. If this is done some States will be poorly represented, others not at all; there will be no co-operation or unity of action, and the outcome may be national humiliation or disgrace. So far as the States are concerned, each one should decide upon its own line of action, but it were better to do nothing at all than to do it in a slipshod or illiberal way. To be properly represented at the Paris exposition Indiana should have a larger appropriation than it had for the Chicago exposition, and the business should be far better managed. But, whatever the States may do, the United States should proceed on independent lines, irrespective of state aid or action, and

should put up an exhibit that will make every American proud and compel all foreigners to unite in praising the great Republic. The sale of her husband by a St. Louis woman for $4,000 is another of the many encouraging signs of prosperity. It is but a few months since the highest market quotation in husbands was $25. BUBBLES IA THE AIR. The Cheerful Idiot. “The deaf man who walks on the railroad track,” said the Cheerful Idiot, who is nothing if not conventional in his choice of subjects, “is a dumb fool.” Dangerous Experiment. First Soubrette—Believe I’ll fix my hair ala Cleo de Mcrode. Second Soubrette—Not on your life! You might fail to hear an invitation to supper. The Only Question. “What do you think of Cassidy’s taste in neckties and shirts?” “I didn’t know that taste cut any figure. I thought it was all a matter of nerve.” He Talked Too Much. “You are the head of the office force, are you not?” “No,” said the third assistant bookkeeper; “I am only the brains.” Now there is another Indispensable man out of a job. ABOUT PEOPLE AND THINGS. Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s carefully concealed age is exposed to the world on a tablet in Kelloe parish church, near which she was born March 6, 1806. She was, therefore, six years older than her husband. Rosa Bonheur, the celebrated animal painter, is very fond of monkeys, and has several about her home and in her study. They accompany her in her rural rambles and answer readily to their respective names. In one consignment recently a feather dealer in London received t,OOO birds of paradise, 300,000 birds of various kinds from the East Indies and 4,000 hummingbirds. In three months another dealer imported 356,398 birds from the East Indies. The late Eugene Field’s two youngest children will celebrate their birthday on the 27th of next March, though one is four and the other three. Eugene Field used to say that this was a piece of economy to save the expense of two birthday parties. John L. Stoddard, the popular lecturer on foreign lands, has retired from the platform on account of ill health. All of the lectures he has delivered, together with several new ones, will be published in a series of ten volumes, containing 3,400 illustrations. Andrew Johnson emancipated the last of the chattel slaves. There were 1,798 left in Delaware and portions of Virginia and Louisiana, under the terms of the Lincoln proclamation of 1863. Johnson’s final act oi emancipation was issued nec. 18, 1865. Mr. Moody is to conduct revival meetings in Philadelphia during the coming winter. Governor Lon V. Stephens, of Missouri, will ride a bicycle at the head of a great bicycle parade to be held soon in St. Louis. Governor Stephens and his wife both ride a great deal. Mrs. Jefferson Davis, when told of the criticism that has been excited in the South by her removal from her old home at Beauvoir to New York, said that her principal reason for moving w r as her health, but that she was also influenced by the isolation of her Southern home and the annoyance of sightseers who visited the old home of the Confederacy. Farmers in America who are sometimes unable to “make both ends meet” would do well to study the methods and processes of Belgian farmers. Six millions of people in Belgium live on a territory about equal to the State of Maryland, and a farm of two acres is enough to support a man and his family and enable him to lay by something for a rainy day. California has added many to the list of renowned women, but not always with such wholesomely famous names as those of the Klumpke sisters. There are four of them— Dorouiea, who is one of the chief workers of the Paris Observatory; Anna, a portrait painter in Boston; Augusta, a physician in Paris, and Julia, one of the most brilliant pupils of Ysaye, the violinist. Some time this month the equestrian statue of Maj. Gen. John F. Hartranft will be unveiled in front of the new Capitol building at Harrisburg, Pa. The model is now being made in Paris. The monument is to be of bronze, one and one-half life size, upon a large bronze pedestal. On the front of the monument will be the following inscription: “John Frederic Hartranft. The Hero of Fort Steadman. Born Dec. 16, 1830. Died Oct. 17, 1889.” Great regret is felt in the French navy at the retirement of Vice Admiral Duperre, on attaining the limit of age. He has been very popular throughout a long career, both in the service and in society. A friend ol the Prince of Wales, he has often visited England, and it was under his escort that the Empress Eugenie escaped from the dangers that threatened her in 1870 and got safely on board Sir John Burgoyne’s yacht at Trouville. “My life,” cried the lover in the play, “Hangs by a single thread!” “Then cut It, cut it right away,” The audience rose and said. —Chicago Tribune. When Julia used to smile—ah, me. How leaped my heart that smile to see; Now when she smiles I fear to dote— It means she wants a winter coat. —Detroit Free Press. A gentle thought comes o’er and o’er Unto my aching breast; I feel quite sure the old lawn mower Will soon be laid to rest. —Cleveland Plain Dealer.

LITERARY NOTES. A selection of “English Lyrics,” made by Mr. W. E. Henley, Is promised. A man who can himself write as good lyrics as Henley should make a good selection of other people's. “I understand,” says Miss Gilder in the Critic, “that Mr. S. It. Crockett has declined the offer of $30,000 made to him by Major Pond for a series of readings and lectures in this country.” The German edition of Mr. Edward Bellamy's “Equality” is to be followed shortly by an Italian edition. Although the book was published only recently, it is now appearing in four countries and three languages. Readers of Renan will be interested in the announcement that his biography is about to be published by Madame Darmesteter. The late Madame Renan gave to the biographer much assistance, and Madame Psichari, Renan s daughter, is now revising the proofs. Hailie Erminie Rives, of Christian county, Kentucky, and Clarksville, Tenn., has enriched literature some with a novel called “Smoking Flax,” which comes to join “A Fool in Spots” and other brain children ot this literary “Titian goddess.” The “yellow journals” of New York give Miss Rives's book a great send-off. Mr. F. G. Kitton, the bibliographical high priest of Dickens, is preparing a volume of waifs and strays by the novelist which are almost totally unknown. The book, entitled “To Be Read at Dusk,” will include stories, essays and articles. There are to be two editions, one English and the other American, with such differences that Dickensites will want to possess both. Mark Twain's new book, in which the surviving “Innocent Abroad,” or, to be more accurate and to quote Mr. Clemens, “the only one who remained innocent,” is found “Following the Equator,” will soon be ready. Those who have read the manuscript say that it is in the author’s best style, and that it abounds in fun and philosophy. In the form of a diary each chapter begins with a quotation from “Puddin head Wilson’s” new calendar. Mr. Davis's "Soldiers of Fortune” has gone into its fiftieth thousand; so has Mr. Allen’s "Choir Invisible”—two stories which have almost nothing in common, save the fact that they are the work of young American writers. Mr. Davis was In England when his book made its great success there and here. Mr. Allen is about to go abroad (if he has not already started), and will find a cordial welcome awaiting him, for the English press has lauded his work as highly as the papers in this country. Dr. W. H. Drummond, of Montreal, the author of “The Wreck of the Julie Plante”

and other French-Canadian dialect poems, is a native of Dublin. Ireland, and has been in Canada since he was three years of age. He has always been an ardent sportsman, and is one of the best fishermen in Canada. This sport has carried him into the backwoods and among the lakes and streams where salmon and trout abound, and where he learned the legends and the tongues of almost the oldest white people on the continent. Maurus Jokai, the prolific Hungarian novelist and poet, author of more than 300 volumes, w hich have been translated into almost every spoken language, is now at work upon an epic in the form of a drama. The subject is taken from the earliest Magyar history, from the time of the legendary Arpad. It is to be called "Levente,” and Jokai says he has hopes it will ’ take a place in Magyar literature somewhat similar to that tilled by the ‘Nibelungeniied in German literature.” The force of audacity could no further go! The “Nibelungeniied ’ represents a whole age. A welcome surprise comes in the announcement of the publication of another work by Mr. Ruskin. In 1871 he lectured on landscape at Oxford, but the lectures were then withheld from publication owing to the difficulty and expense of reproducing the particular examples which Mr. Ruskin wished to explain his text. It is possible to reproduce them now, however, owing to the improvements made in photogravure and litnogruphy. The pictures referred to in the text are in the university galleries, in the Ruskin Drawing School at Oxford, and in Mr. Ruskin’s private collection. In his newly-published novel, “The Pomp of the Lavilettes,” Mr. Gilbert Parker returns once again to Canada, his favorite happy hunting ground of romance. Mr. Parker is still a very young man. having been born in Canada thirty-four years ago. His father was a military officer, but he was himself educated for the church. He became lecturer in English literature at Toronto, and then went to Australia to edit a Sydney newspaper. He has traveled a goed deal among the South Sea islands, and extensively in northern Canada. He now’ makes his permanent home in London, although at the present moment he is taking a holiday in Germany. Amelia E. Barr recently said: “I have two objects before me in writing a novel —first, not to write a word I would desire to blot when I lay down my pen forever—in this world; second, to make a faithful picture of the place and life and times which form the background of my story. Now, as religion is the strongest local coloring, I accept lor my hero and heroine whatever creed obtains in their place and position. My Yorkshire tales are Methodist in In the lake district they are Quaker or Episcopalian in creed. In Scotland they are Presbyterian, except on the west coast of Argyle, where the people have always been Roman Catholic, and in laying “The Beads of Tasmer” there I made a Roman Catholic priest and a Roman Catholic nobleman’s family the chief and best characters. I count creed subordinate to character. The London Mail has this to say about an American novelist: Mrs. Burnett’s Port-land-place house will soon again know’ the genial vitality of her presence, and that of the friends who usually surround her. Among the many sets into which literary London is divided that in which Mrs. Burnett moves is one of the two or three that are conspicuously the best. In her handsome rooms all sorts and conditions of distinguished people are to be encountered. And the generous-hearted author of “Little Lord Fauntleroy” is genuinely happy in welcoming and entertaining them, feeling only pleasure and—even in this envious age —no slightest trace of envy at the success of those who have succeeded, while her help and encouragement are always modestly offered to those who are still on the low’er rungs of the social and literary ladder.

SCIENTIFIC. Close connection is traced by H. Luggin between photo-voltaic currents set up in silver salts and the decompositions giving photographs. In the streets of Portsmouth, England, each of 240 lamp posts is provided with both an arc and an incandescent lamp, it is designed to use the weaker light at hours when the other is not necessary, and an automatic switch on each post enables the operator at the central station to extinguish instantly one set of lights and light the other set. The number of minor planets known between* Mars and Jupiter now considerably exceeds four hundred, of which M. Charlois, of Nice, has discovered eighty-six, while Herr Palisa, the Austrian astronomer, has detected eighty-three. The magnitudes of the first four hundred of these plants have just been tabulated by Herr G. Huber. All are telescopic, only two being brighter than the eighth magnitude, while of the later discoveries—the second two hundred—nearly all are of the twelfth magnitude or smaller. Timber used in mines is subject to decay from various causes, such as warm moist air; but the most serious cause, according to a paper by Mr. J. Bateman to the British Society of Mining Students, is the chemical action set up by the cotton mold fungus. This fungus is the w’hite fluffy material seen clinging to timbers, especially jn return-air ways. Various methods of protecting the timber have been tried, such as trickling water over it constantly, steeping in brine, charring the surface and creosoting. The last is the most effective. The timber is placed in a wroughtiron cylinder, the air is pumped out, and creosote is forced in to a pressure of one hundred pounds per square inch. Pine, fir, etc., absorb ten to eleven pounds of creosote per cubic foot, and oak and other hard woods about six pounds. The experiments of Dr. Folgheraiter have shown that the magnetic “dip” of terra cotta vases may help to fix the date of the vases, or, conversely, may give the earth’s dip for that place and period. There are no records of magnetic dip earlier than 1576. Since then it reached a maximum of 74 degrees 42 minutes in Italy in 1720, then gradually diminished to the present value of 67 degrees 30 minutes, while the vases examined indicate a dip toward the south pole about the eighth century B. C. It is now suggested that fires and volcanic eruptions of known date may have left magnetic records. For example, the brick walls of the council hall of the ducal palace in Venice, burned in 1575, should be examined for traces of remanent magnetism, and substances at Herculaneum may be expected to have retained magnetism imparted by the lava in the direction of the earth’s dip at the date of eruption. The Swedish waterfall of Kraengede, the most powerful in Europe, is estimated at 160,000 horse power. Dr. Gustave de Laval, the inventor of the famous turbine, and M. Gin, the inventor of the process for making rubies, are arranging to put to work this enormous store of long-wasted energy. For what? is asked by M. F. Laur. This writer disposes of the matter by assuming that a few thousand horse-power will be needed for aluminium, rubies, carbide of calcium, cerium, carborundum and sodium, but that, on the most plausible hypothesis, from 140,000 to 150.000 horse-power will be used for iron making. As it has been found practicable to obtain electrically 20,000 tons of iron a year with 1,000 horse-power, the falls of Kraengede can throw on the market 3,200,000 tons of iron or steel. “What an avalanche! and how all our plans may be turned upside down by it!” One of the most elaborate applications of the “penny-in-the-slot” idea is to be seen in a Berlin restaurant. This is a handsomely fitted up establishment, supplying several articles of food and various drinks at counters running along the sides of the room, and serving everything automatically when the proper coins—which are plainly indicated for each article—are deposited. The articles of food are seer, in plates behind glass panels. The depositing of the coin causes the plate to be lowered to the counter, within reach of the customer, while another plate moves forward into position for the next comer. Any drink selected is similarly supplied, a glass being first taken from a peg, rinsed in a jet of water, and placed under the tap, which automatically measures out just a glassful. The visitor finds the place cleanly and attractive, with every facility for helping 1 imself, and tables at which he may stand or sit while eating. Double trees are worshiped in India as divine. Os these curious freaks, which are two trees—usually of different species—that have become accidentally united, M. Hector Leveilli mentions four examples now to be seen. In each case one of the trees forming the union is a fig, the adventive roots let down by this tree from its branches seeming to play an important part in causing the plants to become joined. In the principal street of Vellore a Melia Azadiraehta is completely surrounded by a Ficus rellglosa. attracting much venerutlve attention; at t’ourtallum a Borassus ilabelliformis is entirely imprisoned by a Ficus Bengalensis; In the colonial garden of Pondicherry a Ficus Bengaiensis letting fall its roots, destined to be transformed into trunks, form the top of u palm tree, the Caroxta ureus, gives an exact idea of the

process of growing together; and at Colombo a Borassus is closely held at its base in a Ficus. The effect of a paim surrounded by a fig and apparently growing from it is very singular. A difficulty encountered in the preparation of foundations for the Paris international exhibition of 1900 is the character of the banks of the Seine, which are formed of stone and earth filling, resting on tine sand, easily washed out during periods of Mcod. This difficulty is being overcome by anew system, devised by M. Louis Dulac. Wells about two and a half feet in diameter, spaced about six feet between centers, are sunk to varying depths down to about fifty feet by means of a special pile-driver, having a boring weight of conical form, and these wells are filled with lime and cement concrete, which is rammed hard by a second weight of different form. This process forms a series of monolithic columns anchored into the ground, the concrete spreading to some extent into the sides of the wells. In his first experiments with this system the inventor was enabled to construct buildings exerting a load of nearly four tons per square foot on ground that previously would not carry a tenth as much, and a later building weighing about eight tons per square foot was placed on land where the first fall of the boring weighed had thrown up a Jet of semi-liquid mud to a height of thirty feet. SHKEDS AND PATCHES. A good time is never as good as the recollection of it.—Atchison Globe. A truly elegant taste is generally accompanied with excellency of heart.—Fielding. What if it is midnight? Every stroke of the clock brings morning nearer.— Ram's Horn. Every cloud has a silver lining; but it won't be worth talking about if silver goes much lower.—Puck. When the devil dreams he is a minister preaching about politics it makes him mad to wake up.—New York Press. If we could all lie as goOd women as our mothers were there would be little wrong in this world.—Philadelphia Times. “I’d be very glad to put my pride in my pocket,” said a woman, “but I can’t; my pocket isn’t big enough.—New York Evening Sun. The world has had its troubles, but it has never been without consolation of believing that it was entering upon anew era.—Puck. Every woman believes that when sha meets her husband in heaven he will fall down at her tm&t and thank her for it.—The Bachelor. Now’ that a New Orleans doctor ha3 identified the bacillus of yeilow fever, it can go ahead and have checks cashed at the bank.—Philadelphia Inquirer. When a woman in a street car is engaged in purchasing a newspaper the newsboy calculates on riding at least a mile before she finishes.—Roxbury Gazette. There are men on the way to Klondike who have never felt themselves equal to the task of shoveling snow off ten square feet of sidewalk.—Roxbury Gazette. Beautiful is the activity that w’orks for good and the stillness that waits for good; blessed the self-sacrifice of the one and the self-forgetfulness of the other—R. Collyer. It is a crusty old bachelor who is responsible for the remark that when a woman cannot think of any other way to spend her money she decides that her teeth need attention.—Philadelphia Times.

A NOVEL BENEFICIAL SCHEME. A Hallway Company Planned Better than It Knew. I hiladelphia Record. About four years ago the president of the Illinois Central Railway Company devised a plan to interest the large number of employes of the road In its welfare by a scheme which at once attracted the attention of students of economics. The employes w’ere given the opportunity of subscribing to the stock of the company at par, one share at a time, payment to be made in installments. The annual report of this railroad, recently issued, shows that nearly two thousand shares are owned by employes, all having been purchased In single shares on the installment plan; and partial payments amounting to nearly $60,000 have been made on 1,624 shares additional. The present market quotation of the stock is about $lO per share above par. The railroad company has discovered a new’ and unlooked for benefit to Itself resulting from the success of this experiment. Prior to this time nearly ali of the stock was held in the East, practically none being owned by the farmers or business *men living outside of a few large cities. The annual report staaes that since the employes have* become owners of stock large purchases in the aggregate have been made by other persons of moderate means, and these are at the present shareholders, registered in the stock books of the company, whose homes are in every State and in almost every county served by the railroad. This is regarded as a very Important and valuable outcome of the experiment; so much so, Indeed, that it has been decided to issue free passes over the company's lines to all stockholders from the stations nearest Chicago and return at the time of the annual meetings of the company. This railroad runs through an extensive agricultural district, and the patrons are largely farmers, who are, as a rule, unfamiliar with railroad investments and heretofore ignorant of the way to buy the stock. They were accustomed to regard the owners of stock as a class of Eastern plutocrats, and seemed to think that Wall-street bankers and merchant princes only could fathom the mysteries of stock purchasing and ownership. These persons w’ould probably never have dreamed of owning stock themselves and would not have inquired at all about the matter but for the information disseminated among them by the employes of the railroad. Such experiments are calculated not only to develop more harmonious relations between employers and employed, but also to diffuse a knowledge of the simple principles underlying financial affairs among the people, ignorance of which has bred up a large class of Populists, silverltes, Greenbackers and cranks of all kinds. Let the farmers become investors in railways, encourage them to attend the annual meetings, make them personally interested in these great arteries of trade life, and a leaven of knowledge will be diffused throughout the country which will dispel ignorance by enlightening the people, stimulate saving and encourage small investments in legitimate enterprises. AUTUMN’S YELLOW AND GOLD. What a Botanist Knows and Does Not Know About Color Change of Leaves. Washington Star. “Probably not one person in a thousand knows why leaves change their colors in the fall.” remarked an eminent botanist the other day to a reporter of the Stur. “The green matter in the tissues of a leaf is composed of two colors, red and blue. When the sap ceases to flow in the autumn the natural growth of the tree is retarded and oxidation of the tissues takes place. Under certain conditions the green of the leaf changes to red; under different aspects it takes on a yellow or brown hue. The difference in color is due to the difference in combinations of the original constituents of the green tissues and to the varying conditions of climate, exposure and soil. A dry, hot climate produces more brilliant foliage than one that is damp and cool. This is the reason that American autumns are so much more gorgeous than those of England and Scotland. “There are several things about leaves, how’ever, that even science cannot! explain. For instance, why one of two trees growing side by side, of the same age and having the same exposure, should take on a brilliant red in the fall, and the other should turn yellow, or why one branch of a tree should be highly colored and the rest of the tree have only a yellow tint, are questions that are as impossible to answer as why one member of a family should be perfectly healthy and another sickly. Maples and oaks have the brightest colors. “People should be careful not to touch the gorgeous red and yeilow autumn plants which are not known to be harmless. Our two poisonous native plants display the most brilliant autumn colors of any species in our woods and highways. The poisonous sumach resembles a group of young ash trees. The poisonous ivy resembles the harmless woodbine. Its leaves, however, have but three leaflets, while those of the woodbine have five.” Woman’* Sublime Faith. Chicago Tribune. “Abner.” said the young wife of Editor Purktzet. of the Gumtown Ledger, "I’ve seen it in several of the city papers that Rudyard Kipling makes $30,000 a year writing stories. Why don’t you hire somebody to run the Ledger for you and go to writing stories?” In reply Abner merely blinked at her in a helpless sort of way and went on writing dunning letters to delinquent subscrlbera From the East. The Yellow Book. Master of the Seraglio— Ha, ha, Most Illustrious. I huvo had the most dnlclou* Joke. 1 told your wives that you were dead, and you should have heard them wait. The Sultan—What a harern-searem fellow you su* to be sure.