Indianapolis Journal, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 January 1897 — Page 2

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THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, MONDAY, JANUARY 11, 1897.

So much of this sort of thins: went on that outsiders not oiliclals at all wont nlout la a Mrrsilar manner and reaped quite a large harvest. A few of them were caught red-handed and run In before the magistrate, who. to make an ex;imile of thtm, inflicted severe sentences. The action of the authorities has driven crowds of people out of Itomhay. who. besides h ing frightened nttout the plague, are afraid that they will be peremptorily seized and carried off to the Isolation Hospital, from whence nolody. th-'y believe. -er comes out alive. This -Induces them to hide cases, and Indeed in a large number of Instances no report is made of cases until after th patient is dead. It Is principally among the pcore-t c!as s that the disease is raging, and m. thy cannot alTonl to have the-ir beeiding and clothing burned, they do all they ran to hide th's cases. The returns, therefore, cannot possibly he accurate. It is no secret that everal native private medical practitioners have returned fatal casts of plague as deaths from other caues. because they have been piteously appealed to to do so by the family of the dead man. and it has been idnted out to them what hardships the poor family will have to endure if the case, j.s reported as plague. At first the plague broke out in the Mandire ward. a. large number of rats being found dead in the trains and guileys. The locality was In a disgracefully filthy condition. From twenty to thirty deaths occurred dally, and within such a short period of the first symptoms of sickness showing themselves that the people became very alarmed, and when the municipality adopted the stern measures referred to they cleared out in large numbers The bunders from which th steamers whih do a coasting trade start were packed with crowds of people anxious to get away from the plague and worry. The railway stations were also crowded. For weeks the trains and the Fteamers were packed. The official report attempts to make out that only about to 2T.(' more people have left I'.ombay this year than in previous years, hut the popular belief is that between l.VM) and Lw,mi persons have left the city. The present half-deserted condition of the localities tends to support the latter figures. From Mandire the plague yoon spread to other parts, and has now taken a iirm hold of the Hyculla and Old Modykhana. wards. Hyculla has a large European population, while in Old Modykhana most of the residents are Parsees and Mohammedans. These latter people ar moving into other localities or leaving :he city altogether, so that the exodus is continuing. Many of them have trone to take residence in the suburbs, Mahim and Fuch places where now house ccommodatfon is very difficult to obtain. I interviewed one of the best medical experts to-day and cabled you the result of my Inquiries. He was very keen In Impressing on me the fact that a. careful study of the history of the plague showed that, unlike cholera and smallpox, the plague had a tendency to stick to the locality In which It first appeared, end there Is no denying it that for over two months the disease was confined within the limits of the Mandire district. Now, however It has spread to all parts of the town, even to the wards most distant from the original center. The expert tlso impressed upon me that though several -as's of plague were Imported from Hombay into Poena and other places, yet not a single local case appeared there. ta that he favored the theory that though the plague was. of course, infectious, it was not proved to be contagious. Sot a single case has been brought to noticH lu which any of the coolies, or assistants, or medical men who attend the cases In the hospitals, has taken the infection from a. patient, though it is known that some of the municipal coolies who were engaged In cleaning the drains In the infected localities have died of plague themselves. It is remarkable that cases have recurred In houses which have leen thoroughly cleansed and lime-washed and been left unoccupied for some time. The proper line to adopt would be to leave these infected localities unoccupied until everything has been done to destroy the germs of the disease that undoubtedly exist there. This, however, is a difficult business, for the dwellings In Hombay are so large and so packed with families that It would be no easy matter to find accommodation for them elsewhere. In some of the larger Vhawls," as they are called blocks three and four stories high over six hundred people reside. Tin: iki:i ihsi:.m:.

"What tt Brooklyn IlactcrloIogNt Snys About the Ilnbonle I'luKne. IJROOK1VN. N. Y Jan. 10. H. T. Wilfon, the bacteriologist of the Brooklyn Health Hoard, has made a special study of the bubonic plague, which is now ravaging India. "There Is nothing new in the disease itself," Dr. Wilson said to-day. "It is the same plague which has at periods during the last several hundred years threatened Asia and Europe. Technically it is the Russian bubonic pest. Its last appearance in Kurope was in 1726. when it almost desolated the city of Marseilles, France. It major may not have been identical with the great London plague. It exists continually on the borders of Indo-China. I understand that the present epidemic began in May. in Hong-Kong, China. From there it spread to Canton and in a few weeks killed about 60,000 people. In very few cases, however, were any Europeans attacked. The disease lecame quiescent after a few months, and Jast year broke out in Bombay. "Many of those who were seized with the disease died within forty-eight hours after the attack. They were, as a rule, seized with severe prostration anrt high temiierature. Then, if they survived the first fortyeight hours, the lymphatic glands began to enlarge. In 70 per ctnt. of the cases the glands of the groin were swollen, and In the other 30 per cent, the glands of the neck and under the aims. These swollen glands formed abscesses. "Outbreaks of the disease always are preceded by a large number of deaths of domestic, animals, especially rats, mice and swine. These animals are agents in the spread of the plague, since it Is Impossible t quarantine them. Dr. Yersin has been able to discover an anti-toxine, but has not yet been able to test it." "Is It iossib!e to bring the disease to this country?" he was asked. "Yes. it is possible. There is a question if the bacilli can survive an ocean voyage, but I believe that a ship may appear at iNn Franeisco with a case on Ixvml. especially if the coolie trade between China and the Sandwich Islands Is not stopped. As far as my experiences have gone, there is nothing to show that the jrerms cannont withstand a cold temperature, for the germ s-cms to srow just as well in culture tubes in a cold room as In an incubator." ro it for Tin: sT.itvn. Relief Project Which Is Rapidly (inmlnc In StrrnRtli. NEW YORK. Jan. 1. The project of sending a shipload of rem to India for the relief of the famine-stricken people of that country Is gaining strength ebelly. The lvmi of fore.gn mission.? of the Methodist Episcopal Church received a letter recently from the Itev. It. . Hobbs. of Jacksonville, III., to the effect that there was an enormous quantity of corn in that locality for which there was no market, and that if fund:; suitiei'Ut to pay the cost of transKrtatlon to India could Ik raised Illinois farmers would gladly contribute the grain In abundance. Since that time the Ktv. A. 15. Leonard. corresonding sec retary of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Misbions. las agitated the question by means of circulars and through the columns of the religious press, and contributions have already been received, v.iiich encourage those in charge of the scheme to put forth every effort for its jqecdy accomplishment. There will be a meeting of the secretaries Of the principal missionary societies of every denomination throughout this cour.tr v and Canada at the Presbyterian building. No. !." Fifth avenue, on Wednesday and Thursday of this week. At that time the subject of Indian relief will be fully discussed and it Is expected that all denominations will nguge In the work of raising funds. In view of the fact that much of last year s corn crop is not yet in suitable condition for shipment to so remote a point as India, whatever corn may be contributed by the farmers throughout the West will be disposed of at Chicago and other Western markets, and the money thus realized will be used to buy corn already in storage at this port v.hlrh is much more thoroughly seasoned and better suited to undergo a long sea voyage. Mr. Leonard has already corresponded with shipping agents in regard to cost of transportation of com to India. A cargo of liri.yoj bushels can te tent by way of the Suez canal r.t about ZZx-t cents a bushel of sl.xtv pounds. A whip of larger capacity could be chartered at it ulightly lower rate, and if 150.00 or 17".t) busheis can be sent the cost will not be much over 21) cents a bushel. Thus It will be seen that from 20.on to J.D.C-jo must le collected before the scheme can be undertaken. "In order that It may Ik of much service to the starving people in India." aid Mr. Leonard yesterday, "this cargo of com ought to be starud from here within the next six weeks. Every mail brings contributions, and I am continent that the neces

sary funds will be quickly raised. It certainly is not right that farmers In different parts of the" West should be ulng corn for fuel because it is chearx-r than coal or wood, while people are starving in India. Then. too. overlooking the all-philanthropic side of the question and considering it wholly from a dollar-and-cents point of view, this shipment of com should be undertaken. Our missionaries In India inform us that little of what we aU corn is used there. This shipment will have the effect of opening a market in India, and as there is no other corn-growing country than this such a market would mean much to our farmers. "We do not want Jt to appear that the Methodists are monopolizing this matter. We have simply taken th- initiative because we are perhaps in a better position to distribute relief than any other society, because there are over lOo.ojO native Methodists in India. It is to be hoped that all denominations will unite in the movement, just as all united with the Congregatlonalists in the Armenian troubles. This union will doubtless be obtained through the conference of this week."

tiii: x.vTi hi: of foc-s. How They Are Formed, and the flood and Ilnrm They Do. Harper's Magazine. Fog may form in at least three different ways; .first, where the air is cooled byrapid radiation; second, where the cooling results from a mixture of different air currents, and, third, where a cooling has leen caused by an uplifting of the air. The first is the most common cause of fog. Radiation fog Is generally formed over surfaces nearly level, when warm air comes in contact with cold ground. Sea fogs occur when there Is a marked difference between the temperature of the water and air. or when two water currents of different temperatures are contiguous. Coast fogs are formed when inflowing moist air from the sea passes over a chilled land, but more generally are formed at sea during the prevalence of some great area of high pressure, or "anti-cyclone," as it is technically known, and then are carried inland, dissolving as they go. It must be remembered that the atmosphere Is something like a great gaseous sponge. Compression and expansion are constantly going on. with resulting cloudy and clear skies and different temjeeratures for various layers. Some of the inversions of temnerature found with the anti-cyclonic conditions illustrate this excellently. At such times we find that at the foot of a large hill or mountain it is colder than at the top. The air Is often twenty of thirty degrees warmer on the summits than in the valleys. Our great fog banks and the fogs which remain for days are due to such temperature Inversions. On the Pacific coast it Is easy to trace the relation between the movement of the "high" area and the fog. Professor Davis tells of somewhat similar conditions in December. 1S73. when the lowlands of Europe were shrouded in fog mc-t of the month, while in the mountains it was clear and mild. The low countries were lost beneath the sea of fog. and the hills piercing through were like islands in their isolation. Fruit growers are familiar with these temperature Inversions and the fogs which sometimes accompany them. Fruit and vegetables in the valleys are frost-bitten, while on the hillsides they escape. Nature provides in the blanket of a fog means of preventing the extreme low temperatures which would otherwise result. More than a century ago Thomas Jefferson, who appears to have been the- tirst to notice these peculiarities of frost, wrote: "I have known frosts so severe as to kill the hickory trees around about Monticello. and yet i.ot injure the tender fruit blossoms then in bloom on the top and higher parts of the mountain; then, in the course of lorty years, during which It has lccn settled, there have been but two instances of a general loss of fruit on it. while In the circumjacent country the fruit has escaped but twice in the last seven years." In California last year a large amount of fruit was saved by following certain "fogbuilding" methods. Mr. W. H. Mammon, fif the United States weather bureau, pointed out to the fruit growers the lie essential ways of preventing frost. First by diminishing the radiation; second, by increasing the moisture in the air and raising the daw point: third, by adding heat to the air; fourth, by removing the cold airactually draining it off. and fifth, by mixing the air and removing the cold air from the ground. Smudge fires are based upon the first method, and are fairly effective, but the great Improvement consists in the introduction of large amounts of moisture in the vaporous state. When this vapor condenses, or. in other words, when the fog forms, an enormous amount of heat is given off, but generally at the very height at which it is most needed. Fog and frost both occur when the skies are clear and little or no air is stirring. A strong wind so thoroughly mixes the air that there is little chance for cold, dry air to settle in the hollows and low places. Fog. then, as the natural preventive of frost, may be a blessing to the orchardist, but there are others, particularly travelers, to whom the fog can be a source of annoyance and danger. For example, on Dec. 17 and IX. 1W. an area of high pressure lay off the middle Atlantic coast. At New York such a dense fog prevailed oer the rivers and bay that the sound stymie rs did not attempt to pass through Hell Oatc. and the ccean steamships were all detained below quarantine. Of course, there were numerous accidents. OL'IDA AND HER POVERTV. The Famous Xovellnt ns She Appeared Wlille In Florence. Chicago News. Nearly every Chicagoan who has traveled in Europe has visited the city of Florence and counted his time lost if he failed to see the delightful villa where formerly dwelt Mdlle. de la Rame. the novelist, known to the world of readers as Ouida. To such people especially the re,Mrt that Ouida is now reduced almost to poverty proves interesting, and among others Impressed by the story is Fernando Jones, who was some years ago the distinguished ami eccentric writer's neighlr. "When she lived in Florence." said Mr. Jones. Jhe authoress was at her best or worst, as some critics declare. In those days when it was rumored that she had a new look In press the fair dames of Florence trembled In their boudoirs, each fearing her time had come, for Ouida's maliciousness seemed to increase with the passing years, and her polished and poisoned darts were always aimed at shining social marks. 'Society.' her apparently natural enemy, credited a peculiar motive tt Ouida for keeping up constant warfare with its devotees and declared that when she came to sunny Italy, though no longer young. he was still heart, whole and fancy free. No tender thoughts had ever knotted themselves in the woof of her unsentimental life. She. was happy: she studied, read, wrote, petted her ferty faithful dogs and her sleek steeds, communed with herself and regarded man simply as good material for a clever woman to weave into romances for silly women to read. But one can play with lire a certain length of time and then one is sure to le scorched, and Ouida's time came. "She who had traveled the world over had hobnobbed with the intelligence and fayed nations of every clime, unscathed, was destined to surrender her stony heart at last: and. terrible and illogical to relate, to an effeminate, languid and luxurious son of Italy. At that happy epoch in her life the authoress never failed to chant the praises ot Italy. Whether or not this affection was returned is till an unsolveel problem. Her hero, who was a young marquis, said no. Kut Ouida stoutly maintained that his devotion was deep and unchangeable, but that alas! her lover was so inextricably enmeshed In the toils of a married woman, that he elare not approach the a do reel of his soul. Ouida proceeded at once to elrown her sorrows in flowing bowls of ink and through the medium of a facile pen poured her woes into the willing ears of the public, contrary to the usual methods ef her heroine.-', who had invarlablv permitted cemccalment to gnaw tiieir damask cheeks. All her heroes at or.ee fell desperately In love with clever young girls, but were? Invariably fettered by artful married women, whom they detested, but to whom they made love from fear or force of habit, while the neglected adored ones were slowly dying. "Ouida was not oontentf-d In those days In being considered a clever writer only. She aspired to fame as an artist, and her villa was adorned with creations of her brush. Ouida was rarely courteous, and when she received on Mondays was never more than frigidly polite. She had a novel way of changing climate without disturling lur domestic arrangements to any extent. When the comparatively etdd days of a Florentine winter came mademoiselle removed her household goods to apartments on the; sunny south side of her villa, and to avoid summer's heat they were removed to the cooler north side. "W'e had an opportunity of testing her kindness of heart where pet animals are concerned. Our lanlord and his wife died, leaving a young family in the lower apartments of the house we occupie-d. The children had a line dog. which was kept in the rear garden and. whether from neglect or grief at the loss of master and mistress maintained! unceasing lamentation. My wife, who knew of Mdll de la Rame's love for dogs, asked the children's guardian whether h- was willing to sell the howling animal. He consented to part with the dog, and Mrs. Jones Informed Ouida by note of the circumstance. The great writer came the following day In answer te the communication and paid an almost fabulous price to the orphans for their dog. which, till its death, along with two score other dogs, was. carefully fed, housed and cxerciafcuV

VICTIMS OF PNEUMONIA

l.MOX CITV LOSES TWO PROMINENT 31 KX AND OTHERS ARK ILL. Rev. J. II. Hnrtvell'M Rclcnne from Jnll Not Vet Accomplished Crnvrfordsvtlle'M Municipal Dilemma. Special to tho ImlianaiolIs Journal. UNION CITV. I nd.. Jan. 10. This community has been alarmingly afflicted during this winter with numerous fatal cases of pneumonia, there being many people now prostrated in the city and surrounding country with that disease. The condition is alarming' tnd amounts to an epidemic. Two w?ll-known citizens died today of the disease. Dr. II. II. La Fever, one of the most active and prominent business men of the city and esteemed throughout the county for his business sagacity and high moral standing, died at his home at 11 o'clock to-day. Solomon Young, in point of residence the oldest citizen in the place, elie-d early this morning. The postmaster. Mr. A. H. Schuyler, is confined to his home with an attack of the same disease. Many othr serious cases are reported by the doctors. Ilnrihnm College Notes. special to the Indiunap lis Journal. RICHMOND, Ind.. Jan. lO.-Tho first week of the winter term closed at Karlham College with an increased attendance over the previous rm. The college feels confident that its representative Revan Pinford to the State oratorical contest w.ih make a good showing. A larger delegation will accompany him than has ever ,;ne to the contest from here before. Work has begun in the gymnasium and the boys are planning to get something better than third place in the State fieldday contests. A challenge from Purdue for a game of basket ball this term has been re-fused on account of too much else to do. There will, however, be a series of games played at the college and also with the Richmond team. Merton Johnson has been chosen to manage the basket ball team. Fred Van Nuys and Wilfred Jessup have been chosen delegates to the meeting of the Indiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association, which occurs this week at Indianapolis, and are instructed to work to bring the State field day to Richmond. From the attitude of the colleges at present it 'is believed that it will be secured. Obtained Honey on i C heap Ring;. Special to the Indianapolis Journal. LA PORT K. Inch. Jan. 10. F. J. George, representing himself as an agent for the Electric Baking Powder Company, of Independence, la., was arrested here yesterday on a charge of obtaining money under false, pre tenses, and his trial was held late in the afternoon. He waived examination and was lodged in jail under J2,H,U lond. The prisoner says the name of F. J. Oeorge Is an alias and refuses to make his true name known. C.eorge induced Edward White, of New Carlisle, to sign an order on the baking powder firm for $29 so that he could cash it at the bank, and gave him a diamond ring alleged to be worth $260 as security. Shortly after the transaction White had the ring tested and it was found to be worth about 2."i cents. Me at once followed George to this city and had him arrested. Trencher Ilnrvrcll Still in Jnll. Special to the lndianaiolis Journal. RICHMOND. Ind.. Jan. 10. The release of Rev. J. H. Harwell, expected two or three days ago. has not yet come about, owing to some hitch in Rush county, th prosecutor there not having sent word that the case against him lias been dismissed. The prosecutor has signified his intention of doing so. but wants to be sure that the c ircumstances justify It. It seems that the man In Rushville from whom Rev. Harwe ll obtained $0 is not desirous of giving tip the prosecution, despite the fact that the prosecutorhas said that a case eunaot be made against the minister since he has been declared of unsound mind. The prosecutor here has not dismissed proceedings, but will do so just as soon as Rush county is heard from. In the meantime the imprisoned ministci remains in the county Jan. A Municipal Dilemma. Special to the Indianapolis Journal. CRAWFORDSVILLE. Ind., Jan. 10. The selection of a successor to Fred C. Handel, the city's mayor, who recently died, is now the all-absorbing topic. The Council stands three Republicans and three Democrats. If one of the Republican councilmen is elected mayor the three remaining Democratic councilmen would elect a Democrat as a successor, which would make the Council stand four Democrats and two Republicans. Some of the citizens are in favr of turning the mayor's docket over to a justice of the ieace anel running along without a mayor. Still this would leave tlie' Council a tie on all party cjuestions and in many Instances block legislation. County Insane Anylum Needed. Special to the Indianapolis Journal. RICHMOND, Ind.. Jan. lO.-The need of more room for the care of the insane in this (Wayne) county, the State Hospital being overcrowded, caused the Jounty Commissioners and several physicians to consider a plan for a county insane hospital. The need of it was agreed on, but the construction of such is prevented by the fact that the commissioners have no legal right to maintain such an Institution. It is probable that ji bill will be Introduced in the legislature now in session giving commissioners such jowcr. Squirrel-Hunt Trujcedy. Special, to the Indianapolis Journal. CROWN POINT. Ind.. Jan. 10. While hunting squirrels near Hose Lawn, Jasper county. Charles Boyle was probably fatally injured. fJoyle was accompanied on the hunt by a e ity boy who never shot a gun. They saw a squirrel up a tree and Boyle went up to chase it out. H jumped and the boy on the ground raised his gun and iired. but instead of getting their much-wanted game the full charge of shot struck Boyle in the iack of the head, making a terrible wound. Antl-t'lKiiretle Mnvrmrnt. Special to th IndUnapiMs Journal. VALPARAISO. Ind.. Jan. 10. The Women's Christian Temperance Union to-day circulated petitions in all the churches in this county, securing over four thousand signature's, praying the Legislature to pass a law prohibiting the manufacture and sale of cigarettes In this State. There are fifty petitions out throughout the counly and an effort will be made to secure ten thousand names. Rame Fnctory Darned. Special to the Indianapolis Journal. RVANSVILLK, Ind.. Jan. 10. Early this morning Kelsay's hamc factory was almost totally destroyed by fire, together with the contents. Ioss Is placc at about $l.",t'0; insurance. $12,0K. viiv:n wampi.'.i was moni:v. The Popular Token of Value in .eiv York Tho Centuries Ago. New York Times. When Stephen Van Cortlandt was In the money-changing business bo0 to lol0 the kind of money in most common use In the vicinity of Manhattan island was seewan. or wampum. Almost all the store trade was done with see wan. either loose or braided, and all church collections were taken up in eewan. Van Cortlandt was frequently called on to change seewan into silver money, which was at that tim the standard. Payments of Intere-st and principal of loaned money were made in Dutch pirces-of-cisht. realtjes ami luan dollars, the value of all of which was r duc d to guilders seewan. A picce-of-eight was worth 12 guilders In seewan, v realtje was worth 1 guilder and 20 stivers in seewan, a loan dollar was worth 11 guilders in seewan and an English pound was worth 40 guilders in seewan. The American dollar In its present relation to the English pound would have been worth S guilders in seewan. A Dutch guilder has luO cents, or 20 stivers, and Is equal to 40 cents American money. A stiver is equal to 2 cents American money. Contributions to the poor relief fund were usually made in seewan. and provisions and clothing for distribution amonp the poor were paid in seewan. The early Dutch settlers took generous care of the needy poor. For instance, in ly. the leacons of the old Dutch Church of Bergen paid Dr. Robinson, of New York. 21) guilders In seewan for eunng a destitute man of insantly. At another time the deacons of the same church paid Surgeon C. Viele. of New York, 13J guilders seewan for sur

gical attendance on a poor member of the congregation. In those days it oot W guilders in seewan "to send poor Johannfs Kruyer back to Amsterdam." In ICT.t the price ejf one schepc-1 of wheat was f guilders seewan; one schepel of Indian ccrn. 4 guilders seewan: ene schepel or rye. 3 guilders seewan: one ell of cloth. ," guilders seewan: two blankets. guilders seewan. and two schepels-of salt, 6 guilders seewan. Whenever the collections in the church exceeded' the current expenditures, the surplus seewan was usually invested in cows. Such cows were given into the care of responsible members of the congregation on a yearly "butter rent" of twelve pounds that Is, those persons accepting a cow from the deaconry had to pay an annual rent of twelve pounds of butter or its value in seewan. The price of butter amounted. In the winter of 1C7!, to 22 stivers per pound, so that the deacons then received 1.1 guilders and 4 stivers for one cow. After 1T1 the deacons epdt the "butter-rent" business and confined themselves solely to money-lending as a means of increasing the revenues. Sums ranging from lo guilders to 4.000 guilders were put out at interest at the rate of 6 per cent, per annum, though in a fewcases borrowers were exempt from paying Interest. It cost from 2 to 5 guilders in seewan to get marrieel in this vicinity two centuries ago. and a funeral was accompanied with a pall rent of 6 guilders seewan for an adult and 3 guilders for a child.

Tl RKISII WOMKN. Not the Slaves They Are Generally Renrenented aa Reins. Fact and Fiction. I have said that the Turkish ladies are free. This truth is apparent to one almor.t the minute he lands in the city. It would not do to say they have the freedom accorded their European sisters, but they are far from being salves. When a lady wishes to go out. she orders' the eunuch to prepare the carriage, asks no one's permission and comes back when she pleases, providing it is before nightfall. They visit their friends, go to the baths, taking their lunch, and pass away the day there gossiping and rollicking. They may be seen boating on the Bosphorus and on the Golden Horn; on Thursdays visiting the Sweet Waters of Europe, on Sundays those of Asia, on Tuesdays the cemeteries of Scutari, and one does not see accompanying them cr following them a man. white or black, unless they wish It. nor would any presume to accost them. During my whole stay in Constantinople, I never saw a Turk on the street with a Turkish lady, and I never saw a Turk conversing with one. Husband and wife meet and pass without a sign of recognition, and nothing is in evidence to show that there is any relationship between them. But to thoroughly appreciate the freedom that a Turkish woman enjoys, watch her from a distance and follow her footsteps. She will enter a mosque to say a prayer, stop for a quarter of an hour in the court to gossiip with a friend, then to the bazaar. Here she Is in her glory, and fortunate the shopkeeper whom she misses. She visits shop after shop. She hunts exhaustively and with untiring perseverance for an article sho doesn't want to buy or find, and if she accidentally finds it she offers a price for it that she knows the merchant will not accept. Out from the bazaar, and she takes the tramway, rides for a block or two. gets out, retraces her steps, buys some sweetmeats, goes to the fish market, then to the bridge, either walks across cr takes one of the small boats calleei a caique, takes the tunnel for Pera. and "eloes" the Grande Rue. stopping to look in at every window that tempts her. turns down a by-street, and lands in a Turkish cemetery and eats h?r sweetmeats on a tomb: then back to Pera. waters the soldiers drill, drinking a lemonade The while, then down the other side of the Grande' Rue. Nothing escapes her. Through interminable streets she again reaches the Golden Horn, crosses in a caique, rambles about Stamboul. takes the tramway and arrives at her own door capable of turning and making a tour of more shops, bazaars and markets. Any poor corpulent effendl who should try to follow his wife or try to spy out her actions would be well, "he wouldn't be in it.'" To see the Turkish woman in all the glory of her outdoor life one should on a Friday visit the Sweet Waters of p;urope at the end of the Golden Horn, or the Sweet Waters of Asia, near the village of Anduli Hissar. on the Bosphorus. These are favor'te resorts. At these places the women gather by the hundreds, some e-oming in the picturesque and antiquated Arabas and some in carriages. They spread rich rugs and carpets here and there over the vast plain and sit in gremps and circles, surrounded by their slaves, eunuchs and children. The myriad of white veiled figures clothed in ferejes of scarlet, yellow, reel, green, white, black, blue, anel. in fact, every imaginable color, the innumerable groups of slae-s eilso in many-coiored garments, the. throngs of children in fanciful elresses. the tall, black eunuchs in long Prince Albert coats, the coffee sellers in gala dress running here and there carrying fruits, ices and coffee to the fair ones anel narghili to the eunuchs, the continual moving of this vast sea of colors, and all set in a frame of the most enchanting and charming surroundings that of the Bosphorus, its palaces and strange sailing enft, and the verdant hills of the east is a panorama gay. animated, indescribable. I went away feeling that there wa a great deal of misguided sympathy for the fair ones of the Sultan's capital. THE ITIUTV OF PAIN. Rcaftonn Why Pnln Should Accompany HlnexM and Injury. Literary Digest. The statement of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. In his address on "The Birth and Death of Pain." at the recent Boston celebration of the semi-centennial of anaesthesia, that the purpose of pain is "a riddle to which earth can give no answer." is called in question by the editor of the Hospital in a leading article' (Dec. Z.) For the editor the use of pain, far from being a riddle. Is so clear that he who runs may read. Pain is to the ordinary man a warning of danger. Says the e-ditorial to which we refer: "Here is a man with a painful, broken arm. Does the pain serve any special purpese. any purpose' which might not as well have been served without it? Most assuredly it eioes. But for the pain the average man not. perhaps, the scientific man. but the average man would not pay heed to his injury; would not, in fact, de-vote the necessary time and trouble to its perfect repair. We have to consiJvr what the average man is for the purpose of this eiiscussion. He Is rot the average modern America.!, of modern European, tinctured with all the culture, all the science, all the high morality of the, modern world. He is the typical person of no education, who has made up the generations of men from the earliest times when mankind emerged from the practically brute condition into dawning moral consciousness. That is the average man to be considered when we ask what may he the purpose of pain. Has pain had a purpose' of any kind for all those countless generations of the uncultured past who have constituted the solid mass of mankind? Most assuredly it has had a purpose many purooses. It has cenipelled attention to injured structures; it has enforced rest and sleep by the distress of weariness: the taking of food by the tortures of hunger: and. In short, has been the general indicator and corrector fur man and beast in the exercise of physical and physiological energy of every kind. Not only so, but the moralist and the religious teacher will unite in insisting that the educational value of pain In the regions of morals and religion has been and continues to be Incalculable. So far from agreeing with Dr. We-ir Mitchell that pain has no purpe.se in the world, we aliirni that one of the most obvious of all the facts connected with pain in its definite and Incalculable value', as an indicator, corrector, educational force, alike in physical, mental and moral spheres." This being so. an objector may say. why interfere with pain at all? This stand was actually taken by many who held, at the time of the introduction of anaesthetics, that to use them was to fly In the face of the Almighty. But the Hospital iM3i:vts out that such a course would be quite illogical. It says: "That which Is essential for one period of human development may not be essential for another. The sharp physical stimuli, the clubs and spears of the early savage, are not needed by the later races of men. In earlier times hunger, thirst, fear ef wounds from enemles. the most c-Je-mentary of all sensations, were needed to compel even the highest races of men to do the best that was in then:. In our times there are millions who work in obedience to motives altogether different from the driving forces of hunger, cold and physical fear. Ambition cmpels exertion, duty, mere love of work. And so the element of painfulness, being less and less needed, plays a le-ss and less conspicuous part jis a el riving and correcting force in the world. Will pain, or the possibility of pain, ever be eliminated from the experience of man, or killed, as Dr. Weir Miicnell might prefer to put it? Most probably not. so long as man is endowed with his present nervous system. But it Is possible, nay. It Is quite easy, to imagine a time when mankind in general shall have renchoel such n stage of mental capacity and culture, such a wide an-i masterful victory over nature, such a degree of physical vigor and material prosperity, that pain shall be a very exceptional fact In his experience. This 1 the goal at which a philosophical medical science must at any rate aim with all the energy of which it is caimble." Are ion "All Uroken I'nf" Take Horwfortl'H Acid Phosphate. It steadies the nerves, clears the brain and wholesome beverage.

TO PROTECT DEPOSITS

JAMES II. ECKELS TELLS HOW HAMv CREDITORS ARE SECl RED. RespoiiKibllity Rct with Director, Government Supervision ot Being; Enough in Prevent Loss. James H. Eckels, in North American Review. The national-banking system originated in the financial needs of the government during the war period. However much Secretary Chase may have desired to have a uniform bank currency for the country, it is improbable that that object alone would have been sufficiently strong to secure the passage of the act of 1S0O. A desirable market for the sale of bonds, with the proceeds of which the war might be prosecuted, became a necessity beforo the close of the rebellion, and, in the hope of attaining such a market, inducements in tlie shape of profit on a bank-note circulation based uion government bonds were offered to the public. A review of the history of the system shows that the secretary's expectations in this direction failed of fulfillment. The feeling of the public was still friendly to the state-bank system and to state-bank circulation. That feeling had manifested itself in the discussion of the bank act at the time of its passage, and it was sufficient strong to have assured the defeat' of the act if it had been then understood that the statebank note was soon thereafter to be completely eliminated from our circulating medium. It was only after the enactment of the statute placing a tax of 10 per cent, upon the note issues of state banks that the national system assumed important proportions, that a bank market for government bonds was established and the country's bank-note circulation enlarged to any appreciable extent. During the years of low prices of government bonds and high rates of interest the source of income to the banks was largely the profit arising from the issue of circulating notes. Tho deposit feature hardly received the attention it deserved, nor was it Lien the subject of a close and not infrequently dangerous competition upon the part of rival banks. The fact that the federal government had. through the office of the controller of the currency, supervision of the? banks in the new system, the uniformity of method in their conduct, the frequent publication of statements of their condition, the controller's right of examination into their affairs, his power to enforce assessment against shareholders to make good any impairment of capital stock, and in case ef failure to collect a double liability therefrom, all coupled with the providing of certain penalties for the commission of criminal acts by bank officers and directors, could not fail to give them a commanding position in financial affairs in the community where they were located. Under these favoring conditions they attracted to themselves extraordinarily large bank deposits. And thus it has come about that deposit banking is now the feature and the issuing of circulating notes but the incident in national banking, instead of. as in the early history of the system, the note-Issuing function being the fe-ature anel deposit banking but the incident. ALL DOUBT REMOVED. Whatever doubt the public may have at first entertained as to the value of a national-bank note it has long since passed away. Its interest In that question has given way to solicitude for the safety of the depositor. This changed condition has brought with it the need of stricter supervision over the banks upon the part of the government and of enforcing more rigidly both direct and implied powers which the bank act has given its officers to protect the people against loss through Improper, imprudent or criminal banking. Tho legal theory which the government takes to itself the right to supervise ami control national banks is that they are fiscal agents of the government and that the government is responsible for the redemptiem of their circulation notes. Beyond this legal theory, moreover, is the moral obligation growing out of the position which the government gives these institutions in the confidence of the public by assuming any right over them whatsoever. The; average depositor has come to look upon the tederal government as morally bound to insure him in the largest measure the safety of his deposit in a national bank, just as the holder of a national-bank note knows it to be legally bound to protect hiin against loss from the same. It is this fact which makes the position of all who have to do with national banking largely that of co-operative trustees with the general government for the protection of the funds intrusted to the keeping of these banks. In the same attitude are those connected with the state iranks under state supervisory law. It is impossible that in the work of maintaining the solvency of any bank the supervising governmetal officer should be able to accomplish more than a part. In the largest degree the duty of caring for its interests must fall, as it rightly should, upon the executive officers and directors of a bank. The directors select the executive officers, and thev in turn are elected by the shareholders. The Individual shareholders are, therefore, chargeable with a duty toward the depositor, which is too often lost sight of. both by the public and themselves. When a bank failure or a bank defalcation occurs the public is apt to forget the duties of any official connected with it except the governmental supervisory officer, and is apt to charge him, because of this mere supervision, with a full responsibility, when the blame should fall wholly upon those whose oaths reejuire of them to have such knowledge of its affairs as would. If acteei upon, have prevented such failure or defalcation. The controller of the currency and the state bank superintendent can do nothing more than undertake to obtain the best knowledge of a hank's condition Possible. through examinations made and reported j to them by agents of their appointment as j frequently as the necessity or each case may seem to demand. Under the most favorable circumstances these examinations must be infrequent and limited in the time occupied In the making of them. GOVERNMENT POWER LIMITED. The officers of the government, national or state, are not in a position to control each and every affair of the bank, nor to regulate the individual conduct of the bank's officers. They cannot pass judgment upon every loan as it is made, nor enforce the adoption of this or that particular method of bank bookkeeping. Their opportunities are confined to informing themselves upon certain matters essential to the proper discharge of the duties attaching to their office, to seeing that certain leal requirements are complied with, anil to making suggestions as to tho conduct of a bank, the carrying out of which rests entirely in the discretion and honesty of its officers. This supervisory control In nowise is intended by the law to relieve or excuse e'irectors of banks from active vigilance on their part. It but emphasizes their duty In this regard. The national bank act created the office of the controller of the currency. His duty, outside ofeaeh year reporting to Congress a .nummary of the condition of the national banks of the country, together with' statistics of the state and savings banks, and suggesting any amendments to the laws by which the system may Ik improved, is to carry Into effect the laws relative to the organization, the conduct and the liquidation of every bank belonging to the system. His jower of supervision results from his duty to see that the shareholders of a bank maintain unimpaired the capital stock of such bank. In erder to do tills intelligently, h Is empowered to appoint. wl:h the approval of the secretary of the treasury, as often as shall be deemed necessary or prope-r, suitable person or persons to make examination of the affairs of every banking association. The jw-rson so appclnted has the power to make a thorough examination into all the affairs of the association, and in doing so he may examine. If necessary, any of the officers or employes on oath. The result of such examinations is made to tho controller in a full and detailed report. The examinations of national banks are made as a rule semi-annually, unless the conditions are such as to require more constant supervision. Their object, while primarily to ascertain if the capital stock of the bank Is impaired, is so extended as to prevent any irregularities, violations of law, misappropriation of fund-:. cr mismanagement on the iirt of the officers of the bank. They design as far as possible to detect criminal violations of the law, where such have occurred, and thus prevent further loss to the depositors and stockholders. The examiners act entirely under written instructions from the controller.

They are required in all cases to make examinations without any notice to the bank ami as unexjectedly as possible. They commence their examinations at either the close or commencement of the business of the day. as it would be Impossible to make comparison of ell the assets of the bank with the hooks while the business was in active progress. RANK EXAMINERS' WORK. Upon entering the bank the examiner takes possession of all of its assets and retains them until he has counted the cash and verified all of the items of stocks, lwnds, loans and discounts, and balances on the ledger and other books used. He counts the cash, examines the list of loans and discounts and collateral held therefor, notes all loans and discounts to directors and officers, and to enterprises in which they are interested. He also examines the lit of all stocks, securities, etc.. held by the bank and all real estate and mortgages held and owned by tt. He takes off a balance of account of the individual ledger or ledgers, and verifies outstanding certificates of deposit, certified checks and cashier s checks. He also takes off balance of stock ledger, examines stock certificate book and profit ami loss and expense accounts. He examines the minutes of directors' meetings, discount committee meetings and shareholders' meetings. He examines Into the condition of the lawful money reserve of the bank for the thirty days preceding the examination and compares the bank's copy of the last report of condition with its books at the same date, lie is required to send out a verification circular on blanks furnished from the controller's office to all banks to whicli or from which iKilanaces are due. to all parties from whom money has been borrowed on bills payable, certificates of deposits, or notes and bills rediscounted; to all parties to whom items have been sent for collection, and to all officials in whose name state, county or municipal funds are deposited. Raving done all this he makes a report to the controller of the currency showing the character of the loans and discounts, the loans exceeding the 10 per cent, limit, the amount of overdrafts, the amounts of money borrowed bv the officers and directors of the bank, the general character of the officials, the manner of the conduct of the banks, together with many other things unnecessary to be here enumerated. Upon the basis of this report letters of criticism are sent to the banks reported upon and an effort is made to have all matters at fault corrected. If the point is a serious one or the bank's condition a source of anxiety, letters are sent to the individual directors calling their attention to the letter of criticism sent to the bank and a replyunder tho joint signature of all is required. In spite of all these precautions and an honest attempt to enforce the provisions cf the law. bank failures not infrequently occur and defalcations are found. A search through the history of these failures, where there has been no dishonesty, but only imprudent and improvident banking, shows that in the majority of instances such banks engaged either In speculative enterprises or failed to receive attention from their directors. Rank defalcations, it. has been found, are not less often due to inattention of directors or unwarranted overeonfidence on their part in tho Kink's employes, or unwillingness to adopt the. best methods of bank bookkeeping. They are most frequently deteeteel by the examiners in comparing the balances on Individual ledgers with those on the general ledger, and by verifying the accounts with its correspondent banks and bankers. The verifying of the accounts with correspondents has brought to light in more than one instance false entries on the books made to cover defalcations. The balancing of individual ledgers has given rise on the part of the controller's office to more criticism than any other one point in the management of banks, because where a system of ledger is used which does not show the "balance of each account kept therein, it is. of course, impossible for an examiner without spending more time than is at his disposal to verify its correctness, and thus a defalcation may be covered up for an indefinite time. TO PREVENT DEFALCATION. As a means of preventing defalcation on the part of bank officials, either aided by confederates within or without the bank, the importance of adopting a daily balance system of individual ledger, or at least a three-column ledger which will show the balance of each account every time It changes, cannot be overestimated. In this matter, however, as in many others,. the supervisory officer of the government can only suggest the necessity of it to those In charge of the bank. The law gives him no power to enforce his suggestion. In some cases, when the danger Is pointed out, the officers of the; bank criticised r'Sent the suggestion as not within the province of the controller and wholly a matter for them to eieal with. The balance of each depositor's account should be visible at a glance and a trial balance enabled to le taken off at any date with very little labor, so that a comparison of such trial balance could be made with the account of deposit cix the general ledger, with which account the aggregate ot balance should always agree. The best and final test, however, of the correctness of balances on the individual ledger is a comparison with the same of tho entries on the depositors' passbooks. The directors of banks too often fail to realize the importance of the office which they hold. They have no right to leave the management of the bank to the president, or cashier, or both, but ought to Insist on knowing what is being done, and how it is being done. They ought to make thorough and frequent examinations of the bank, both as to the honesty of its conduct and tho solvency of the paper which It accepts. It Is their business to know that the transactions of the banks with which they are connected are properly carried out. and that such methods of bookkeeping and checking of accounts are adopted as would effectively remove opportunities for dishonesty. They owe this much te the stockholders who elect them, and t3 depositors and creditors who, relying upo.i their eloing their duty. give, credit to the institution they are attached to. It is not improbable that better results would be obtained in the examination of banks If examiners were paid a lixeei yearly salary, with an allowance for expenses. The mode of payment now in vogue in most places outside of reserve cities is an allowance of a fee of for each bank examination. Out of this sum the examiner is required to pay loth his traveling and his living exienses. In order to meet such expenses and leave- a suitable compensation for his labor, he must of necessity examine a bank with more rapidity than In many instances he ought. There are cases where several days should be occupied in the examination of a very small bank, but the e.taminer cannot afford to give the necessary time. If. however, he was employed uneier a fixed salary, paid out of a fund, to be contribute! by all the banks, together with the payment of his necessary expenses, each bank with which be had to do could receive the attention which it demanded. The security of the hank depositor is certain to be maintained If bank officers and directors co-ojerate with the superlnvising officers, and insist that both the spirit and letter of the bank act l carried out. It can never be made absolutely sure, however, if the examining is done by the governmental officers and none by the directors. Examinations by both, thorough and complete, are essential, and the depositor has a right to demand of the latter as much attention to official dutv and fficial oath as of the former. He "is entitled to the very best service of loth.

THE F.lltM ERS ALLIAME. IllMory of u Kniinn OrKimf zntlon Tlint Wnit Once n Tower. C. M. Harger, in Chicago Times-Herald. A good many very astute politicians in the Western States elrew a long breath of relief when they read the other day that the Farmers' Alliance of Kansas had reached the end of its life anel would in a few day disband. The cloud on the horizon of the political fky that half a decade ago was frightening the old political eirganJzations proves to have been but a "thunderclap" and Its tenors are lost. Yet in its day Jt was no inconsiderable affair and if it failed to Impress the iwel!ers In the East it was because they had nj. to meet its lower. Like some other vagaries of the day in the political line, it was the product of Kansas. After a tremendous majority of In IVsS for Harrison it seemed that the sunflower State could not be stampeded to any other party. Yet In the spring of 1V.' there came to the front in a quiet v j y this organization that has since that time been the thorn In the flesh of Kansas Republicanism and taken from It most of the glory that it asplreel to gain. The first appearance was In the guise of a farmers' benefit association and the Republican papers of the State gave to its cause willingly columns of their space. In most of them that spring there was set aside a department In which the members of fhe new organization made their arguments end published their calls for meetings. The editors were for a time unaware of the tendency of the body, and even when it was known they had not in many instances the nerve to refuse the courtesy. Frequently the space was used for weeks without the editor reading It at all. and when he woke up to the work that hd leen done he found that the heresies that had been taught were almost beyond his power to overtake. Anna Diggs. one of the leaders of the movement now. conducted one cf these columns In one of the most rabid piipets on the Republican tide or the State

for three months be "ore the editor realized what she was teaching. A halt was called, but it was teo late. The leaven was well sown and the lecturers were making tho lodges put up their money with regularity anel precision. The "i-auw" w; growing faster than the loaders themselves thought It possible. As the summer a swelterinc hot-wind, corn-wilting summer progressed th- order grew in Importance and numlH-r. Picnics were held by the hurdred ar.d every county had its dozen or more lodges. Mrs. Iease was speaking every day and nisrht. t5h had immense audiences and made the rafters ring with her denunciations of the plutocrats and her advice as to the- crop that the farmers should raise in preference to rn. She seemed tireless. One day 1 reortcl her addresses. She siwk In the afternoon for three hours at an outdoor picnic audience. Then she drove twelve miles, and after a hasty supper went on the platform before an audience that was wild with enthusiasm. Here she talked for nearly thre hours more and then went to an overflow meeting. As she faced this last she asked wlu n the train left. "About I o'clock." was the answer. "Well. I usually talk until train time" was her reply, and she did. This was ke pt up day after day. and she was but one of tho hundred speakers who were preaching subtreasuries and flat money on the pl.tns. One of the cheap methods of attack was to Impress the towns. The favorite way was by means of the processions, which wero the first things of the kind seKn on the prairies. Early In the morning the teams would gather out on the plain. For twenty miles they would come and wait patiently In the sun until they were ordered into line by the men who w ore red anel blue sashes. Through the principal streets they passed, ehe-ering and showing the banners. On these latter were such mottoes as "We Want Subtreasurles." "Down with the Money lender." "Death to the Plutocrats." etc. There wero whole families in line, and floats were fillel with pretty girls who sang as they passed through the town: "It was no more than a year ago I thought I loved the party so; Rye, party, bye lo! Rye, party, bye lo! Rye, party, bye lo! Good-bye, old party, good-bye." They sang it lustily, and the men in the wagons took up the chorus, and it swelled in the breeze with a truly Inspiring effect. The dust blew in their eyes, but w;hat did they care? The Republicans stood on the sidewalk anel counted the teams and voters. They whlstlel and guessed "they was most al! women and children anyhow." and. like the scoffers at Noah, allowed it was not going to be much of a shower. Rut away down in their hearts they knew that thero were enough men in those wagons to carry the county and that the jig wan up. And it was. The alliance met every night the last week of the campaign, and the president knew exactly how it would go when the last report was in. On election day they met in the schoolhouse ami marched to the polls and voted open ballots. They cast llooa votes, and but for the Democrats having a candidate they would have catried the State. As it was they came within six thousand veites of it. The order had at this time over two hundred thousand members, as women also joined it. Now it has less than one thousand, and instead of 2.4ao lodges has only thirty. What begun as high-strung, fanatical enthusiasm degenerated Into rant, cankerism and demagogy. ' Many of the best men left it and the remainder drifted into Populism. It gao to the Nation Peffr. the mild-mannered lecturer, who was. the first of the advocates of the alliance, and. Simpson and Ieape and the People" party. The alliance was the best-manageel and most-lnvlncible iditical organization, when in its glory, the Nation has ever sen. Th members were completely under the guidance of the leaders, and nothing was too v?iid for them to do. They -boycotted th papers that were not for them and gave oC their means to start others. Every business scheme they undertook failed, and a a political factor they failed, too, after that first campaign. Never aaln couM they meet under passwords and grips. Lecturers tried in vain to rally the forces for the next campaign, but the people laughed at them. Trading for spoils did what enthusiasm could not do again. The alliance never did anybody any geod except tho men who rode into prominence on its wave-, but it made things mighty Interesting In Western politics for a while'. Had tin South "joined hands" with the West, as was expected, it might have bcn national In its scope, but the South let Kansas do all the joining, and the alliance died. 31 1 X 1 1 I PA L O V X Ell M 1 1 P.

One Rcwiilt In n (irent Increase In. GlnRKOu'H -Revenue. :j Prof. Frank Parsons, in , the Arncricaa Fabian. . In 14 the city of Glagow. Scotland, became the owner and manager of its streetcar lines, yares were rduced about .tl p'r cent., the rates being fixed at 1 cnt. 2. :i or 4 cents, according to distances. During tho first eleven months (July 1. 1VM, to June I.' aT.04G.647 paRscngeis were carried, at an average fare of less than 2 cents mt cent, of the fares were only 1 cent each and still the roads made a profit of llll.fi". In the first report the tramway commit teo taid: "We are pleased to state that the financial success attending the first eleven months is beyond our most sanguine anticipations, and we do not know that any other tramwav undertaking has hitherto leen In the position lo pay all interest, working and general expenses and maintenance, and lgin writing off their capital account within a year from starting operations." This success was achieved under considerable difficulties. The old private compinies ran a line of Lus?s In fierce comitition with the city cars. Influenza among the horses also caused a good deal of trouble, and expense, half of the city's 3.01 car horses being sick at one time. Even at its best the moving of cars by horse power Is more expensive than electric or cablo traction, so that the suecess of Glasgow"! public roads under the circumstances described is a matter of striking interest to the citizens of American cities. The report for the second year, ending June 1. shows a profit of $i03.0 aove working expenses, and $213.0CM net profit after allowingfor interest, taxes and dejvreciatlon. The number of passengers carried was M".iC.".I'4. The average fare was l"i cents and the average cost of. operation per passenger was 1.4 cents. Glasgow is a city ef m.n people, or .soii.OOO including the adjoining town. The citv owns Its docks, its gas and water works, its blocks of model dwellings for th poor, and other free properties besides its tramways. The. citizens enjoy all public services at very low rates, and yet th profits are so cnslderable and are increasing so rapldlv as to justlfv the announcement that after Jan. 1. 137. Glasgow will not need to levy any taxe-s upon its people, the revenue from public enterprises b.inc sufficient to cover the whole eost of the ctty government and administration. ' An Kxprrimrnt In Country ?eliool. United Presbyterian. In the rapidly changing conditions of cc.untrv life which require higher duation tlie question is. How? An experiment has be en made In Ashtabula county. Ohio, which is of Interest and importance a looking to one solution. Five outlying districts were abolished, and the pupils belonging to them wTe brought to the enttal school, at Kingville, in wagon 8, which In rough weather are entirely closed. Some of the pupils are' brought over femr mile-s, but. there is no exposure, no occasion to stay at home on account of the weather or the fatigue-. The result is that the attendance Is larger anel more regular, them Is less sickness, tecause the pupils are better protectee!, the schools are gradl. better teachers are employed at better wapes. and tho schools have advanced to a hlche-r grade. All this at a reduction of ceist from an average of $:J.7j to 12.2." for eac li scholar. The experiment, so successful in this case. Is worthy of c xi-riment in other localities. Higher grade schoed with Utter teaching is the right f th country. Jtit Knew It. Chicago Post. Just the minute that story was lold of the thre -year-old boy climbing out of hi crib and toddling out throunh a snowstorm to secure help for his mother we would unhesitatingly put an Indiana Ialn-1 en It. even though It had no elate line. NATIONAL Tube Works WroL'ghMron Pipe for Gis, Steim and Water. Itn!iTTN. Cast ami M:;w able Irn I lttinit hLvk and trlvrwiu-l). VaHt-. St of ohU. Kia;tne Trunin,!, steam eiaiue. Tonr. I'll Cntb-rH, Vle. .vrew Put- an-1 D!r. Wr U strain Tra;fl. rumps, Katf f a sinks, llov. Hcltaip. tit t it Metal. SoMer. While aa 1 TiJoml Wl!iic Wa.t acd all e;br miim'U url d connection with , Mc-aut and Watr. Natural cia Mi ;! tea a Rpcialty. Marobeaiii's Apparatus for ut1: liiilWSnr. Mor-room, MtUsMiot.a4.-tirle. L4U drle. Lumber Drr-IIcniM-a, fie. CntaaU Ttirr.l Ut oruvr anv ue Vntu'hi-ina Til. frm i hub t it lut-Lc-s UlauicUr. KKIGHT & JILLSON, :5 and 17 ft. ?3NSYLYAMA ST.

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