Indianapolis Journal, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 January 1897 — Page 4

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, MONDAY, JANUARY 4, 1897.

THE DAILY JOURNAL . MONDAY. JANUAllY 4, IS'JT.

Vashiojtoa OlfkeISOJ Pennsylvania Avenut Telephone Cull. Editorial room... .A SG - TKIJMS OI' Si IISC'ItlITfO. DAILY BY MAIL. Lai!y only, ciw month 5 ."") l'aiiy only. three months 2." l.itly cnly. -ne year .u l'atly. ir.rlu lire Sunday, one year 1U) Sunday cnly. e.r.e y-ar 2.0U when Fi;itNisni;D uy a;knth. Paily. r wee k. Ly carrier l" ct Sunday. fing!e e.;y ." e-ts I'ally and Sunday, -er uwk, by carrier 2a cts WKEKLY. Per year J1.00 Reduced Ititte to flu !.. ul'M-rit-o with any of our numerous agents or end uhscrtitkns to the JOIRVW, X K V S I A I E II KDII'A.W, Iiielinnnpolla, Intl. Irsons endior the Journal through the mails in the l'nite States should iut on an eicht-patce rIr a ONK-CRNT .outage rtninp: on a twelve or ftxteen-atre a"-r a TV-ENT pr.Mage tamp. Foreign ioytage I usually double these rates. All communications intended fer puMi-atlrn in thia t'lr muM. in rder t receive attention. le accompanied ly the name ixiid address cf the writer. Till; IM)I APOI.1S JOLRNAL Can t.e found at the following places: NLW yiRK-in.J.(ir Hotel and As lor House. CHh'AGO-Paimer Houe and I. O. News Co.. 211 Te.'irhrn street. CINei.SWATI J.' K. Haw ley & Co.. 104 Vine street. LOUISVILLE . T. Iwerlng. northwest corner ft Third and Jefferson streets', and Louisville Heck .'o., Sri Fourth avenue. ST. Lob IS Union News 0ni any, l.'nien Depot. n'ASIIIN;Tf).N. If. C.-Kicx House, EbMtt House. ' VVUIard' Hotel and the Washington News KxchaDf . Fourteenth Mreet, Ietween Penn. avenue and F street. It is well thu those caper friends of candidates are mistaken when they predict that th" party will go to Fmash if their particular faorites ;ire not selected. It Is encouraging to find th.it December revenues, were in excels of the disbursements of the treasury; still, the deficit during the past half of the present fiscal year was lOT.Ovo.OXi. .For a few days there will be much talk about places, but when they arc tilled the Legislature will bo in a position to attend to iho interest! of the whole people, which are more important. The failure of the banks makes the Populists so happy that they have no tirr e to take in the import of Orator Bryan's "lecture tour." The banks wUeh have failed have some assets, but the Bryan lecture . to ir has none. Word comes from Missouri that Governor Stone, if he desires, can prevent the reelection of Senator Vest. Governor Stone Li a narrow-chested statesman, but he cannot in one term learn to be such a violent tectionalist as is Vest. The alleged threat of the Sugar Trust that it can present the passage o the Republican tariff bill should it interfere with the advantage it has under the present law by dead locking it in the Senate, causes a suspicion that the senators whose aid was secured in 1S94 were secured for all time. Th Republican leaders in Kentucky owe It to the party to drop their bickering and unite, as they can, to elect a Republican to the Senate to succeed Blackburn. Such action on their part would insure them the respect and gratitude, of the party, while failure to do so will cause the party to believe that they have sacrificed the higher and general interests of the party to selfish ambitions and factional jealousies. ' The large increase of the export trade through Southern ports during the past ten months, compared with the corresponding period of 1S95. is attracting the attention of commercial papers. Baltimore exported $oi,215,060 during the ten months of 1S36 against $47.710,S?9 during the corresponding period of 1W. The relative increase of exjorts from Norfolk, Ncwrort News, Mobile, and particularly New Orleans and Galveston Is much larger. The controller of the currency deserves credit for his efforts to stimulate the growth of confidence and for emphasizing the fact that the recent bank failures have been due to local or personal causes. In his latest statement he deprecates the disturbance of business by 'Tumors of war" and says "the opportunity presented to Americans to become rich, prosperous and happy by confining themselves strictly to iho Immediate needs of their own country was never so great as at this present moment." If the United States Senate would heed this and give more attention to American affairs and less to Cuban, the country would be the gainer. President Cleveland, In tne part of his message relating to pensions, said that "the abuses which have been allowed to creep into our pension system have done incalculable harm in demoralizing our people and undermining good citizenship." That there should not Ik cases of fraud in a pension roll containing 970.67S names would be impossible; but Mr. Cleveland's irsinuatlon finds no support in the figures relative to prosecutions for frauds in getting pensions which are also found In his message. During the fiscal year only 339 indictments werw reported for violation of the pension lava, and under these indictments only 167 were convicted. Either the President's prosecuting officers and pension inspectors are not faithful In the discharge of their duties or the Frcsldcnt Is making false charges. The Engineering and Mining Journal has published an estimate of the mineral productions of the United States for the past live years. There is no feature of this Industry so significant as the increase in the volume of gold, as the following figures show: 12. J33.WM.0Ort; 1S93. $35,055,000; 194, $X.500.W0; 56,610.0)0; estimated. $07,000,000. As the estimate of 1SW Is based upon the product of the months preceding November, it is ' fair to assume that the figures are practically correct. The increase In the output of gold in this country since 1C2 is $2I.Cfj0.000 an improvement of 72 per cent. Such facts should put an end to the assertion that there is not gold enough for the money of the world. If tlu money of the United States were Increased in proportion to the Increase of the gold output, we should have $1.72 in circulation now wherv we had $! In 132. One of the charges made against national banks has been that they are not iKrmlttcd to loan money on real estate. That banks receiving the deposits ot business nieri ?m of the nuts of people who deposit spire funds for safety should not lend money on long-tfme obligations like mortgages rnut hav Veen apparent lit some of th; rerent bank troubles. The two or three sating banks which have suspended have done so because their money was invested lu Jong-time mortgages, as It vhould Le.

For such banks and for building and loan asroe!atIons the laws of the States protect them against runs by giving them time In which they may dispose of property and thus obtain money with which to pay off depositors. The bank for current business should b? prohibited from making loans a large part of which cannot be called In or are so Infrequently coming due that the b:inks money Is not quickly available. The cause of the failures of national banks the past few weeks Is that they have violated the, law In regard to loans, chiefly by making large loans upon property from which money could not le realized when It was needed.

spain's hi:coc;itio. ok tiik cofi:ii;uati:s. The Richmond Telegram admits that Secretary Olney's point that there is nothing to recognize in Cuba may li well taken, but It asks "what more was there to recognize in the South in the sixties when Spain found recognition of the Southern Confederacy?" This is an erroneous view of the case. The fact, if it were a fact, that Spain blundered or did an unjustifiable thing in her recognition of our rebels, would le a poor excuse for our doing the same thing towards hers. Rut the situations are very different, and what the Senate resolution proposes the United States shall do Is very different from what Spain did. To say that there was nothing more to recognize In the Confederacy in May. ISGl, than there Is of the Cuban rebellion now. Is a great mistake. The Confederates had a well-organized government from the beginning. Every State that seceded from the Union had Its own government, and they lost no time in forming a central government. Jefferson Davis was chosen provisional President of the Confederacy and inaugurated In February, 11. He called the Confederate Congress to assemble at Montgomery on April 20, IStfl, and this body declared that a state of war existed, passed laws for the maintenance of an army, passed a revenue law, authorized an issue of bonds, and did many other acts of sovereignty. On the 11th of March the Congress adopted a constitution which was submitted to conventions of the several States for ratification, and ratified by Alabama on March 13, 1SC1; by Georgia on March 11, by Louisiana on March 21, by Texas on March 2, by Mississippi on March 30 and by South Carolina on April la. All this was three' months before Spain recognized the Confederacy as belligerents. Meanwhile, their state and general governments were as fully organized and in as complete operation as those of the Northern States. They had put an army in the field antl were exercising all the functions of an independent power. And, after all, Spain only recognized the Confederates as belligerents and declared strict neutrality. The preamble to the recognition shows that It was not done In an unfriendly spirit to the United States. The Queen's proclamation, dated June 17, 1S61, began as follows: Considering the relations which exist between Spain and the United States of America, and the expediency of not changing the reciprocal feelings and friendly understanding on sccount of the grave events which have happened in that republic. I have resolved to maintain the strictest neutrality In the struggle engaged In between all the federal States of the Union and the Confederate States of the South; and in order to avoid the losses which our subjects might suffer, both in shipping and commerce, for want of deunito rules to which their conduct might conform, in accordance with my council of ministers. I decree as follows: (Then followed the regulations governing neutral nations.) Secretary Seward elirected the United States minister at Madrid to thank the Spanish government for its "prompt and friendly action upon this occasion," and it was done. Spain never recognized the independence of the Confederates as it is now proposed the United States shall do with tho Cuban insurgents. She simply recognized them as belligerents for the purpose of declaring a strict neutrality, and It Is due to her to say that, unlike England, she maintained her neutrality with the utmost good faith. The Confederates got no help of any kind from Spain or the Spanish people, and the "recognition" which Spain extended at the beginning of the war, about which so much has been said, did not amount to anything. If it had not been justified by the existing situation and by International law, our secretary of state would not have Instructed our minister to thank the Spanish government for its action. ' THE EMI OF THE FARMERS ALLIANCE. It Is announced that the Farmers Alliance In the States of Kansas and Nebraska will, at the meeting this month, declare that their organizations will cease to exist. That is, the Farmers' Alliance has done its work. If It were an organization of farmers intent on promoting the interests of farmers it would have no occasion to declare itself dead. It never was such an organization. It was started by politicians who were out with the old parties; Its purIse was to "farm" the farmers, and In some of the new States it succeeded. The organization was started in 1SS7. In two years after General Harrison had carried Kansas by 80,00 plurality, this secret society, which refused membership to bankers, lawyers and professional men generally, spread so rapidly in that Slate that it elected a majority of the representatives to Congress, the state officers, the Legislature and put Peffer in the Unite-d States Senate. In Nebraska, South Dakota and other States it was only less potential. In the South It became very strong, antl would have carried elections if the votes of the Alliance had been counted. Out of the Farmers' Alliance came the Populist party. Its influence in 12 would have been of no account but for the fusions which the managers of Mr. Cleveland's campaign made in several States to secure his election. These fusions are said to have been arranged by Wm. C. Whitney, of New York, who was anything but a Populist. Those fusions turned the Democrat!? party In Kansas and Colorado over to the Populists and California over to the Democrats. The) same fusions helped to give Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin to Mr. Cleveland. In consequence of these fusions the rank and file of the Democratic party In all of the States mentioned were inoculated with the virus of Populism. Mr. Whitney and other Democrats, who hated Populism, when they went to Chicago in July, Ko, discovered that the heresies which they had encouraged in ord.r to elect Mr. Cleveland had control of the Democratic national convention. In vain did they profi t and ioint out that the platform v,-,dch the majority finally adopted was at war wih tho former policies and traditions of the party. The fusions they had mane had indoctrinated the Democracy with Popullstlc 'icresles, and those who held them put them Into the national Democratic platform. To-day a large part of the Democratic party boldly maintain the heresies of the Populists and their predecessor, the Farmers' Alliance. Having subserved the purpose for which the disgruntled politicians designed, it, and

having now few members and no mission, the Alliance Is about to die. Yet it has had. In connection with the silver heresy, a most remarkable Influence upon the politics and policies of the country. i'om:i;. trade ami tosi lships.

There 13 ground for believing that the next four years will sec the beginning of a great extension of our trade with the South American republics. This will be due partly to the re-establishment of reciprocity agreements and partly to a more liberal commercial policy, which, there is reason to lKlieve, will be adopted. The St. Louis platform declared: "We believe the repeal of the reciprocity arrangements negotiated by the last Republican administration was a national calamity, and we demand their renewal and extension on such terms as will equalize our trade with other nations, remove the restrictions which now obstruct the sale of American products in the ports uf other countries and secure enlarged markets for tho products of our farms, forests and factories." It would be difficult to put more Americanism in fewer words. In addition to having been elected on this platform, Mr. McKlnlcy Is known to be personally an ardent advocate of the doctrine quoted above, and he will doubtless use his best efforts to give it practical effect. To elo this will require co-operation between the executive and Congress. Much depends on the character of the consular appointments to be made by the President. The office of consul is essentially a commercial office. A consul Is a business representative. His first duty is to promote the trade interests of the country, and if he falls in this he falls In his office. Other governments understand this better than the United States does, and the result is that by a process of selection and keeping trained consuls In office they have gained great advantages over us in the way of trade. It Is to be hoped that the time will come when all United States consuls will be able to speak the language of the country in which they reside and to compete on fully equal terms with the consuls (of other countries for foreign trade. A bill introduced by Senator Frye, of . Maine, seems to contemplate a reorganization of the consular service on commercial lines. The bill provides for the creation of a department of commerce and manufactures, at the head of which is to be a secretary who is to occupy the eighth place in the President's Cabinet. If the bill should become a law It will transfer the Consular Bureau from the State Department, where it does not properly belong, to the new department, wnere It would be put on a strictly business basis. Whether this Is done or not, the next administration should seek to promote the commercial interests of the country by appointing bright, capable business men as consuls, especially in South America, where the conditions are very favorable for tne extension of our trade. The rule of the administration should be no deadheads. and no deadwood In foreign consulships. THE COLRTHOLSE YARD. The proposition to cut down the courthouse yard is one that should meet the prompt refusal of the Commissioners. A few years since, when the house was being built and in accordance with the design of the then Commissioners, there was expended a good many thousands of dollars to grade the yard to its present condition and to build the fence around and the approaches to it. The foundation walls and the sewer and drainage systems were adapted to the present grade; it would be a waste of money to reduce the grade to the street level, and would not only not improve but would detract from the appearance of the building. The entire basement of tho building will in the future be needed for the storage of the records of the county and the courts, for which It was designed, and for that, the legitimate use for which it was intended, it is better as it is than It would be after the change. The city should build a Police Court room near the station house and jail, and thus keep the filthy, dirty and ill-smclling crowd of beats and bummers that voluntarily or involuntarily assemble around the Police Court away from the county offices. If the basement of the courthouse were used as a police court it would become a pestilence-breeding nuisance, filled with a reeking, dirty, spitting, vermin-Infested crowd. It would be wrong and an outrage upon the men and women taxpayers who are compelled by business to have to run the gauntlet of that sort of bummers and lazy lawbreakers to get to the courts and county offices, where they are comieHed to go to pay taxes and attend to their legitimate business affairs. The Commissioners would do well to allow the city to build on Market street, north of the courthouse, a building for the use of the mayor's ofilct Council chamber, city engineer, clerk, etc., and let that building be connected with the courthouse by a covered fire-proof gallery or passage, so that people having business might go from one building to the other without exposure In bad weather- Rut by all means keep the Police Court and its patrons away from the courthouse. The national monetary convention soon to be held in this city has reached a point in Its development where little remains to be done except to make local arrangements for Its proper reception, housing and entertainment. The admirable manner in which all the other preliminaries have been handled leaves no doubt that these will be equally so. and there is as little doubt that the convention itself will be entirely successful. It has already attracted a great deal of attention throughout the country, and will attract much more when the character of those attending it and the object they have in view shall kcome known. It will, without doubt, bring together the largest assemblage of prominent and representative business men ever convened. Nothing but a matter of supreme importance couM Induce such men to leave their homes and business at an inclement season of the year and travel long distances, and there is reason to believe the proceedings of the convention will be in keeping with the object that brings It together. The people of this city should not omit anything that Is necessary to show their appreciation of the honor conferred on the city by the assembling of such a body. A London correspondent of a manufacturing periodical In this country has been collecting some Information regarding the earnings of a large class of British mechanics and working people which must bo interesting to men In the same callings In this country. The English street-railway conductors and drivers receive from j to a week, and are glad to get it. What would the mn who work on the street railways in American cities think If such wages were offered them? The pay of engineers and firemen on the three principal railroads in England ranges from cents

to $2 a elay; of conductors from 75 cents to $1.3$; of switchmen from 57 cents to 51.23; of baggagemen and freight handlers, from 50 cents to J1.20 a day. Here, it Is not necessary to say, the samo class of men get double the lowest figures here named, and most of them a rate of compensation much above the highest figure named. Yet the cost of living H ejuite as cheap in this country as in Great Britain. Men here could not live on the British railway wages, liecause they are accustomed to live much better. The London carpenter thinks himself fortunate If he gets $M a month, while In fair times $G0 a month is considered very low wages in the smaller American cities. Tho farm laborer in the United States does not receive high wages, because he gets his board. He would think $16 a month not the best pay with board. The British farm laborer gets $10 a month and boards himself. The London policeman receives but a month, or not moro than the street laborer gets in Indianapolis, and has to keep himself irr a good uniform. In all the larger cities of this country the policeman gets $100 a month, and in tho smaller ones not less than $61.

Tho question is raised whether the Council can borrow money and issue bonds for park purposes without the previous approval and recommendation of the city controller. If the Council cannot Issue bonds for park punoses without the recommendation of the controller, it cannot do so for any other purpose. The question, therefore, is whether the controller is superior to the Council in the matter of borrowing money or issuing londs. The Journal thinks not. The city charter gives the Council entire control of the mntter of borrowing money, subject to the limitation that the entire amount shall not at any time excee-d 2 per cent, oftho taxable property. The Council holds the purse strings. The controller may recommend a loan if he chooses, but the Council is not obliged to authorize it, and it can undoubtedly order a loan without the recommendation or approval of the controller. The only duty of the controller in the premises is, after the loan is authorized, to look after the preparation, advertisement, negotiation and sale of tho bonds. In all of which, as a ministerial officer, he simply carries out the order of the Council. This statement is not intended to commit the Journal to a bond Issue for park purposes, but to draw the line between the authority of the controller and the Council. The inaugural address of Governor Black, of New York, was a model in respect of brevity, good taste and good English. The Inaugural address of , an incoming executive, whether President or Governor, has Inevitable limitations. He cannot review the past nor safely predict much regarding tho future, yet he is .expected to say something weighty and to say it in good form. Governor Black's Inaugural was very short, about one-third of It being embraced in the following: A voyager leaving the first shore may depart, followed by the hopes and loud acclaim of those who fitted out his ship, but If you listen intently-to-the tumult and the music you may tindthe note of confidence left out. You must wait for that until he has returned. Perhaps you may never hear It. but If it is lacking at the beginning of the voyage let us hope to find it at the close. However meagre may be the signs of promise now. there. Is this which is not without hope: No executive Will this year take the oath of office under a deeper sense of responsibility than he who now assumes with diffidence the great and unaccustomed burdens which the people' of this Stale have imposed. Your counsel in all matters relating to the welfare.! the State. must always be received byhbse who realize that the first eluty "of a public servant in to guard the public interest. 1 shall strive during my career as Governor to be faithful in the performance of that trust upon which I now enter. To be watchful of the people's welfare and to execute their will will be my earnest purpose, for in them abides the supreme command, and from them the last order' must always come. Ami with this Intention to serve you I shall associate, as far as I am able, the right of judgment and the sense of personal accountability which must always accompany the executive station. As an example of saying noncommittal things in the best of English and tf deprecating criticism jOf an untried administration this is admirable..' The managers of Crown Hill Cemetery have issued a publication which all who are Interested in that beautiful city of the dead will like to see. A similar book was Issued In 18SS, and this one shows the progress of the cemetery since that time. It contains a list of the original officers and those of successive years, a list of the corporators, the articles of association, the rules and regulations as now in force, and an alphabetical list of lot holders. Tho book Is Illustrated and makes a handsome and attractive volume." IXDIAXA XEWSPAPEIl OPI.MOX. Governor-elect Mount has appointed Col. James K. Gore, of Elkhart, adjutant general. We sincerely hope that no occasion will arise during the Incumbency of this gentleman which will necessitate the spilling of his name. Lafayette Call. The end of 1R37 will see the United States transacting business with other nations under a policy of sound common sense and thorough business judgment, a policy that will result in great benefit to the country, bring revenue and afford protection. South Bend Tribune. The Kentucky officials who murdered John Rippey on Indiana soil should be held to strict accountability. No greater outrage was ever perpetrated by men occupying offices that imply a knowledge of the law and a care Jor ftie safety of society. Madison Courier. This government can help everybody, every American citizen, by enacting and maintaining such laws ns are for the greatest good of the greatest number. First among such laws is a protective tariff so adjusted as to afford sufilcient revenue to carry on the government and protect our labor from unfair and unequal foreign competition. Muncie Timer. Evansville has never had a bank failure. This is. due, in largo degree, to the advantages of this place as a business point; but the care and close supervision of our bank officials over their business has had much to do with the solvency of our fiscal Institutions. Officers and directors make it their business to know what is being done by the banks. And so it ought to be everywhere. Exansville Journal. The Legislature which meets next week can make the taxpayers of Indiana no more welcome present than a law to shorten the terms of councilmen to two years, and limit the power of councils, township trustees and county commissioners to make debt without submitting the question to a vote cf the people. The people do not want this session fooled away on politics. They do want some measures passed which will bring reform and relief. Rushvllle Republican. The nonpartisan commission Idea is growing in public favor, even among the politicians. The Interstate-commerce Commission Is of course nonpartisan. There Is a strong demand that our monetary system be reformed by a nonpartisan commission; and all along the line. It Is coming to be considered the wiser course in public matters of the gravest importance to take them out of the influence and control of party politics as nearly as possible. Richmond Item. The Supreme Court has so marked the way In recent decisions that there is no excuse for the legislature enacting an apportionment law that is not valid, and no such law can be valid that does not protect the equal voting power of every citizen of the State. There must be no straining of the right to gain an advantage, for the people will not approve such a policy, and the party that undertakes to perpetuate Itself In power by such methods will suffer for It. MIddletown News. Business men generally are of the opinion that the monetary system should cvac

to be a political football, and the sooner the assurance can come concerning what It shall be. the better it will be for business. The Republican party has pledged itself that the. System shall be maintained on an honest basis, and that pledge will undoubtedly be kept: and all Republican should welcome a speed v and satisfactory arrangement of the matter, whereby Its promises may be kept to the best Interests of the country. Iafayette Courier. A HOLT PEOPLE AD THIXGS.

The Princess of Wales. has held her present title thirty-three years. Only one of her predecessors Augusta, daughter of George II held the same title longer. Thirty-five years was her record. Miss Helen Gladstone, daughter of the Grand Old Man, has given up her principalship of Newnham College. Oxford, which she has held for fifteen years, in order to remain with her father and mot hen, Louise Michel, who is really a most kindhearted and generous as well as a clever woman, has written and arranged for the publication in Paris of a history of the Insurrection in 1S71. She is liow in Londop The costliest rugs in the world are owned by the Shah of Persia and the Sultan of Turkey. Each possesses a mat mado of pearls and diamonds, valued at over $2,500.m00. The Carleton Club, London, owns the largest mat or rug ever made. When Mr. Dingley was graduated4 from Dartmouth College the suit he wore on the occasion came from the fashionable tailor's shop In the little town of Hanover, and the fashionable tailor was Levi Morton, since Vice President of these United States. Dean Farrar quotes Tennyson as having related to him the remark of a farmer who, after hearing a fire-and-brimstone sermon from an old-style preacher, eonsoled his wife by saying: "Never mind. Sally, that must be wrong. No constltooshun couldn't stand It." According to the London Figaro, the Prince of Wales is the greatest spendthrift in tho world. The statement is made that ho has spent $50,000,000 in the last thirtythree years. From the English nation he has received $25,000,000. $5.0iro.000 more for traveling expenses and special allowances, and has besides private debts amounting to f 20.000.000. Dr. Luys, of the Salpetriere Hospital, Parir. has presented to the faculty of medicine his collection of 2.200 brains, carefully prepared and catalogued. The collection is the result of thirty years' investigations, and includes the brains of idiots, of blind persons, of iersons who had undergone amputation, and of those who had suffered from various forms of mental disorders. British generals have privileges not accorded to peers in the English police courts. Sir Reginald Gipps, who was recently summoned for riding a bicycle on a footpath at Aldershot. sent his servant to pay his line of 5 shillings and to tender an apology, which the magistrate accepted. Several peers' wives who wero guilty of carrying unmuzzled lapdogs in their carriages were obliged to attend court in person last year. The total number of patents granted to citizens of Connecticut for the year ending Nov. 1, 196, was 940, or one for every 733 inhabitants of the State, Including women and children. For the same period 3,539 patents were granted to citizens of New York, or one to every 1.G34 Inhabitants. Mississippi appears to be the least Inventive of the States, only one patent to eivery 31.854 Inhabitants having been issued to that State. Earl De Grey has kept a record of the game he has killed In twenty-eight years. It amounts to 316,639 head, his average for the last twenty years being about 10,000. while in 1S33 his record was 19,135. He ha.s put to death 200.000 pheasants and partridges. 47.0)0 grouse. 6.000 other game birds, 566 deer and 9.000 miscellaneous animals, including pigs, capercailzie, sambur, a dozen buffaloes and tigers, and two rhinoceroses. The good man must shoot sleeping as well as waking. Says the Boston Transcript: "Mrs. S. T. Piekard. niece cf the poet Whlttier. is In Amesbury caring for the poet's estate. The Whittier portraits and a portion of the furnishings have been removed to the Pickards' home, where they will be cared for. Before removing anything the location of portraits, pictures nnd furniture was carefully indexed for the benefit of any changes which may be made whereby the home may become permanently a Whlttier memorial, so that they can be restored as in Mr. Whittler's days of occupancy. The library has not been disturbed only replaced as the books were catalogued and will remain in its every detail as the poet left it." The Mew Year. The old year is ended. The new is begun With day, dark and dreary, with sky, dull and omen portentous of ills that will come To many, and who shall escape none can say. The year that is past brought to one greatest Joy, And brought to another the bitterest grief; The year that Is come may be bringing sad hearts The comfort so needed ani blessed relief. And those, that the year may be bringing a grief, great that their sorely tried spirits will hend 'Neath blow so o'erwhelming may God give to ,them All pity and strength to endure to the end. "Tis better for us not to know what will come. There's time for our weeping when sorrows are here; We'll drive dark despair far away, while we may. And let gladsome hope fill our hearts with its cheer. So welcome, New Year! We are glad to have lived To greet thee and now there's a tear and a sigh. For life is so sweet and so dear to us all We may not be here to bid thee good-bye. li vington. Jan. 1. 1897. M. M. R. "What Malzlc Knew." Chicago Post. Our decorous young friend and contemporary, the Chap Book, announces that in another week It will begin the publication of a novelette by Henry James, entitled, if our memory is not at fault. "What Maizie Knew." There is a suggestion of virility in this title that excites our warmest expectations and we are confident that there is nobody in the world better eiualilied than Mr. James to tell us what Maizie knew, unless like Daisy Miller she was too idiotic to know anything. We have a. suspicion that the Daisy-Malzle series will be seriously and faithfully carried out by Mr. James somewhat after the style of the Comedle Humalne. unless Mr. James kills himself drinking tea as Balzae shortened his life by deep potations of coffee. "What Maizie Knew" will be followed by "What Birdie Did" and other psychical feminine explorations, and we are authorized to say that there will be nothing in this series that will give offense to the most prudish feminine reader. "Maizie." as we understand her, is not at all the sort of girl typified by Artie's "Min." out is withal a voting woman of high society who first attract d Mr. James's attention at a pinkish purple tea. It has not been our privilege to admire and study the feminine character at a tea of anv color whatsoever, and we have cherished the belief that a. woman who knows anything at all never goes to tea This impression Mr. James will remove, and in telling us what Maizie knew we presume he will tell us a great manythings we ought to know, not only about Maizie. but the sex in general. We therefore await the first installments with pleasurable curiosity. Another Gllmpue of Debs. Kansas City Journal. Eugene V. Debs has given public notice that he has left the Populist party and united with the Socialists, there to sink or swim, survive or perl.di. as the case may be. Both the Populist party and Debs are to be congratulated on this change, and possibly the Socialists will be no worse by reason of the new accession to their ranks. But Mr. Debs assumes entirely too much when he says he will "be severely criticised and berated by the pro-ss" on account of his little tlcp. The press is very little concerned about Mr. Debs just now. It is not going beyond the bounds of reason and sober declaration to say that the press doesn't care a snap of its finger what Mr. Debs does or where he goes. He is not a factor in public affairs at the present tlme.x and the an nouncement of his conversion to socialism is hardly of sufficient importance to bring him momentarily from the ol scurlty Into which he has fallen. Debs came temporarily Into public view owing to his connection with the great railroad strike of three years ago. which resulted in the destruction of millions of dollars' worth of property and the loss of many lives. He was the ruling spirit of that great business disturbance and menace to law and ortW. and even conviction and Imprisonment for his connection with the strike could not make a martyr of him. Like all such men. when the wave of violence which bore him Into prominence receded, he sank with It and was lost to view. Debs will make a cood Socialist, as Socialists ca

IRELAND'S GREAT BOGS

GEOLOGY AMI FOLKLORE OF SOME OF THESE PI 17T t HESQLE SPOTS. Formerly Lined an l)cpoitoricM of Snored Relics and Tronurcs The Cause. of Their Motion. Eleanor Atkinson, in Chicago Times-Herald. The reports from Ireland to the effect that a bog Ls moving down th? course of tho Flesk river, engulfing cottages and hamlets, threatening the town of Rathmore, the ruins of Holy Ows Abbey and many other interesting remains in the vicinity of the Lakes of Killarney, has brought to llfo the old superstition concerning the nature of bogs and their mysterious power of destruction and concealment. The sea gives up its dtad more readily. There are no tides in that solidifying mass, whose permeating waters are blacker than the Styx. But a bog can no more move from its eternal moorings than can Lake Michigan. It can overflow, indeed, as can the swamps of the Kankakee, and flood wide districts. The difference would be that in the swamp the sodden vegetation would remain anchored, while in the bog the spongy surface peat becomes loosened and goes elown with the flood that moves silently and unseen beneath. What wonder, then, if the simple peasantry, watching the insidious advance of apparently solid peat, should revive the legend of the days when farles put their shoulders under the bog and moved it to a distant place. In reality the turf wool has no density, but is compacted by pressure from behind, and it Is drained dry because of its porous, nonputresccnt substance. When the flood subsides the lmg will be found in its ancient anchorage. A dry. brown, worthless peat will bo scattered before eloors far distant: some turf -cutters' cottages timbered with bog oak and thatched with the spagnum. will have disappeared, and perhaps with them some hapless families. But the stone-built towns will get an antiseptic wash, and the ruins sustain no more damage than a purifying inundation, such as they have encountered many times since saints laid the foundations in the Isle of sanctity and learning. There will not even be slime upon the holy walls. NATURE OF THE BOGS. Swamps are primitive masses of earth or deposits of alluvia along the river courses, water soaked and choked with decaying vegetation that gives off a miasmatic gas. But bogs are ancient lakes, often fed bysprings underneath, and feeding in their turn swift rivers. The water is never stagnant. The turf is an accumulation of vegetable matter on the surface, but often twenty to forty feet in depth. This vegetation has undergone a peculiar change under a degree of temperature that prevents decomposition. As might be well understood, ordinary aquatic plants of much succulent leafage would decay. The plant peculiar to the bog is a kind of moss known as spagnum. something between the woody fiber of Spanish moss and the porous compactness of sponge. Given a shallow pool, mud contracting around the roots of true water plants and spagnum flourishes; a parasite absorbing the other plants, sending out new ones of its own. spreading above and solidifying below, and gradually replacing the water with compacted fiber. On top each year's growth is dry, brown and crumbling, but eight feet below it is often as hard, black and valuable for fuel as coal. Underneath the strata Is water to an unknown depth, and there Is water oozing up to the surface through the porous mass, seemingly unsafe, but in reality treacherous only in the bog holes left by the peatcutter, where nature has not had time to heal the wound with a new growth of spagnum. The water flows away In great rivers from all sides, for the bogs are all extensive and more elevated than the arable lands. If the outlets become obstructed there Is an overflow, causing floods when the matted brown spagnum moves on the surface, as the trades move the Saragossa sea with its Islands of seaweeds. Only this surface moss can float, as each successive year deposits its strata and constantly increases In density with pressure from above and below. Anything falling into a bog hole becomes Imbedded and mummified. Much of the surface must at one time have been covered with forest trees, as trunks of numerous varieties are often dug up, so perfect as to be useful for the builder, but black as ebony and much harder than the original wood. LOCKED J-WST IN THEIR EMBRACE. Such Is the beautiful bog oak, appearing like charcoal, but capable of being carved Into furniture and ornaments. In the museum of the Royal Irish Academy in Dublin there is tho wood of oak. fir, birch and yew, skeletons of deer, a human body with brown hair, a tub of butter bleached and perforated like cheese, but converted into a chalklike substance. Old armor and ornaments, metal caskets, spear handles ani many other things of use in legendary days have been dug up, among them Illuminated manuscripts in hermetically-sealed caskets. How many secrets and treasures of Irish history are locked fast in the black embrace of the bogs will never be known. But certain it Is that in the centuries when the island was overrun by the Dane and then by the Anglo-Norman bogs were often the depository of sacred and ancestral relics. The aspect of a bog is totally unlike that of a swamp, which teems with luxuriant and noxious life. Tho bog is dry in appearance and covered with hummocks of spagnum looking like dry seaweed, or at a distance like a field of stubble In winter. Before the day of railroad travel from Dublin to Shannon Harbor and so on to Limerick used to be by way of the canal, and on top of this, to be above the reach of floods, cabins were built, rearing their roofs only a few feet above the bank, from which they could scarcely be distinguished. A pit was dug where a cabin was wanted, lcg oak timbers driven in at the corners. The earth was banked up; and the roof thatched with spagnum. which compacts and never decays. A hole was left for the escape of smoke. It was astonishing to see the swarm of rosy, lusty children that came out of these huts, their healthfulness explained by the antiseptic qualities of the bogs. SCENE OF THE FLOOD. Where the flood is now reported is a part of this great bog of Allen that extends with large areas of arable land included from Kildare to East Meath. and from Dublin to Killarney and the Shannon. Some mysterious subterranean connection Is established by. the rise of rivers flowing In three directions from the Hill of Allen -to Kildare the ancient home of Fin and the Fenians, that "sunny, bright eminence where the mists never came up from the sea." The Dodder and Liffey, the Blackwater, the Slary and the Boyne. all rise on that slope, and seventy-five miles we-st the pleasant waters of the River Iea and the small streams that tumble their lovely cascades into the lakes of learning, and drop to silence into Gougane Barra. are fed by that same mysterious reservoir that dips under Tipperary and Limerick and crops out again in the region of tho Flesk. a brown, sullen expanse dropped in the fairyland of Kerry. "Gieat beg of Allen, swallow down That odious heap called Phillpstown; And if thy maw can swallow more Pray take, and welcome, Tuliamore," Sang the blind minstrel in days gone by, when the canal was the highway and these two villages held precarious stations on the embankment, the only stopping places from Dublin "to Limerick and back." The extent of the togs may Ik understood by the estimate that of 2.000.000 acres of la'nd 3,0k).'.hm l bog; more than one-seventh of the Emerald Isle black eat. More than half of this is on the mountains, perched at every elevation ani at every possible angle, some of it secningly standing on eitd, like the domains o Kipling's East Indian rajah. The bog of Lough Neagh, In Antrim, is the only other considers hie one in the lowlands. Patches of black peat may be seen Ixiow the upper timber in the mountains of Connaught. on the peaks about Pantry Uiy. along Sligo and Donegal and even on the "very bleak cliffs" of the Isles of Arran. tbore marine sentinels that watch over the little cargo loats and fishermen's curraghs that hug the stormy coast of the Atlantic. CHARM OF THE BOGS. Singular to relate. It Is the bogs that clothe these grim citadels with tenderness. They are not swampy and barren of fauna and flora. They have their own charm. Mountains have had hard names hurled at them by people who do not climb; prairie and moor re desolations to others, and the hus has grace only tor tho few. If you

have ilved anywhere along the west coast of Kerry you mut needs have known and loved the bogs that revc-il many charms to those familiar. Clamber to the top of any range and the bog is there h. fore you. at an angle that makes one marvel at the depth of the icket of water that keeps the peat moss from tumbling into tne ocean. Some of It has s!iptKd its mooring, for the "glacier-planed. crag-c-ncumtMTfi" hillside h;:s its thin coat of jm at binding the IcMise rocks toscther. Even here thf or.lv spots entirely denuded are these lately cut and skinned. The so p.ts are filled with inky water, while along the edte of the cuttings fronds of bracken already fringe the lips. and spagnum throws out its woody bUrs to bind th wound. White flowered cudweed, sedums ami bed straws, ragweed and red moor grass snrinfr im. and heather hlushca hIovj

j the scar, giving it the appearance of red oog on a mm s-cye Mew. To get up to tho spot where plant life is sen to clothe thj bog with a gracious form and tender color, erne has to scramble up a hili through a wood that has leen bullied and buffeted bywinds that swept clear from tho recking banks of Newfoundland. Just a jungle of brumbies, distorted, tortured yews, hazel and bracken, dwarf oaks, stunted firs. The ground beneath Is wet to the point of saturation, and th atmosphere like that of the everglades of Florida. Vines and grass and moss smother the trees, and ivy strangles and drags down many a trunk that withstood Atlantic gales. Dead funguses take possession, plnk-hpped. battered parasites. Thin is a forcing house for all forms of cryptograms. St. Patrick's miracle is all that assures you of the absence of reptiles. PI CT UR ESQ U E DESO I .AT 1 ON. Just as you emerge from the wood the salt air comes up crisp and tingling on the dike that holds bog from wood. From tho warm stagnation of the jungle you r.mergo on a bracing ridge and inhale the scent of gorse flowers and heather. Everything is astir. Denizens of wood and bog meet on the dike. Rabbits and wood pigeons, dragon flicks by millions und moths ha.-k in the sun. Up and down the sun-steeped bank the gilded newt, the only true rptilo in Ireland, slips silently with a regard only for the wary 11 y. Tne natter jack toad blinks his eyes of jot. Below the bank tho ljg lies up the mountain side, hroom and furze disappearing, but purple heather running along the peaks and ridges and marshy bits bristling with reed mace and, bog cotton. Peat iately cut stands ia chocolate colored stacks. Heathery tussocks accent the expanse of brown spagnum and clumps f red sundews. Carnivorous plants of Innocent guise spring from the water, from a rosette of greeen leaves a dericate violet 1h.1I hans pendulous from a long stem. Its leautlful corolla closing on cvety wandering insect. The ground quakes. Its fait est ciump of bloom threatening to open and engult tho wayfarer, who quickly springs to the next. Peewits, snipe and red shank rise from the heather. The spagnum is quite dry, though a footstep sends it under water. Midway in the bog there is still a tiny lake where teal nest, but the spagnum ls sending out its arms toward the center, the peaty shore pressed into waterproof felt. The whitepetaled crowfoot springs unsullied from water black as Jet. Above the first mark the sky line in an unbroken phalanx and below the lg. where a part of it has been drained, trees have been planted in the soil that warps into great ridges and has been burrowed by rabbits. The foot sinks in pine needles and dry moss soft and Fpringy as a carpet and s-heeted in springtime with blue bugles and snowy potentils. To Emily Lawless, author of "Granla." it ls all this. To the ordinary tourist the bog is as dreary and wet as it is to the poor peat cutter, who, with his slane, stands kme deep In the bog and slices out the fuel. This Is spread and turned and "cured" and carried from the field. Then, if sheltered from the weather. It cheers the cutter's hearth all winter with its ruddy glow. But wet. it smokes him out. taints the potatoes, gives the children red eyes and disgusts the pig. HOW PEAT JS MADE. Rude portable presses are now used in the field to extract the water and compress the peat Into smaller compass to make the cost of handling less. A few years ago a parliamentary commission made some tests with peat, by which they proved its superiority to coal In smelting Iron and running engines, because of the absence of sulphur. The supply Is practically Inexhaustible, with 3.000.000 acres snd an average depth cf eight feet. When English coal mines are exhausted Irish peat may run the factories-. At present the fuel is used only by tho peasants in the neighborhood of the bogs, as the most primitive methods are employed in cutting It. Able engineers have declared that all bogs can be drained, covered with clay and lime, to dissolve and make stable the wool-like spagnum and cultivated above, while at the same time making it easier to take out the more valuable peat in lower strata. It is now imposslb to cut deep because of the water. No great attempt has ever been made to; drain a bog, the tremendous expense discouraging the government and tho little knowledge and vast speculation regarding the subterranean waters discouraging tho engineers. By the peasantry the feat is lelieved to bo impossible. The surfaces that rise and fall season after season are mysterious and terrifying as volcanoes. Pits appear. Hoods gush forth and in such a season as this a wide area apparently moves over into another parish, conveyed by the ever potent fairies, who have their home in the Inky depths of the water world below. There is something uncanny, too, In the bodies entombed below, not given over to corruption after the order of nature, but preserved as witnesses to legend, tradition and history. Have not the bogs already given up treasure that confirms the splendid fragment of an epic of "The (Tattle Spoil of Cooley." glorified St. Columbkill and brought Giraldus Cambrensis to confusion? There is more fine o!d in ancient ornament in the museum at Dublin than in all the other antiquarian collections In Europe, and the bogs have kept their share of it bright and unsullied as when the red gold crown pressed the brow of Con of the Hundred Battles. I1IIYAVS LECTLHE TOLU. He Sliotveel Good Senne nt Lat In Abu ii don I iif? It. Philadelphia North American. It should rather go to his credit for common sense than be mentioned in reproach that Mr. Bryan has abandoned the lecturing tour he was under contract to undertake. The whole matter was undertaken as a speculation. One of the syndicate, and probably all. had put his money on Bryan's election and lost all. But this person conceived the project of the tour, expecting to make a good thing for Mr. Bryan and at the same time recoup his losses. The tour, like the wagers, must le Hccounted for as bad judgment. The success of the Popocratlc tic ket was never at any time possible of achievement. Fejr the most part men who bet on such success let small and hedged. Some lost their heads, no doubt, and forgot to sedge. Out of this neglect to hedge their bets on Bryan came the much heralded fif ty-thousand-clollar lecture project. The singular part of this scond chapter of the Popocratic movement is the dense stupidity of its projectors. Mr. Bryan is said to he an orator and he certainly made about six hundred addresse-s during the canvass. But ifcwas not a difficult matter to make six hundred speeches of the quality of Bryan's. In lAl that he said and in all tHat he Is charged with having said there is not a sentence that will ever be quoted to illustrate any subject. Whatever the man may be otherwise, he Is not a man of wide information nor is he h logician. He never strays into new and fresh fields of thought, utters no original sentences showing the gift of many suUdness. and seems not to have the happy faculty of presenting' old truths in new and pleasing forms. In :hort. wo find no reason for revising the opinion of ir..s paper, often expressed, while Bryan's speeches formed part of the literature of the day. A man rushing about the cruntry as a comet rushes through spface would Inevitably attract attention. Bryan certainly did attract audiences, but r.ot because he had any remarkable revelations to make, and there Is ample reason to suppose that bad he retraced bis steps ho would hve failed to draw even moderate crowds. Tho fact is that the Bryan pntgnss was one of the most stupendous fakes the world has seen since the South sea bubble was exploited by Lev.-. Yet the idea of a. lecture tour originated In the Bryan progress during the canvass. It was evidently mppesed that the announcement of the pre sence of surh a phenomenon would ulways Insure full houses.' NoKdy seems to have suspected that Bryan Is. neither by nature', temperament nor training, fitted for the lec ture platform, at leas', none of the syndicate of exploiters. But failure was frexiy pred'eted by men v.ho had sounded the depths of Bryan literature. No man who had epent a little time over the speeches he m'ule cv r doubted that the s-eheme wrudd fall. It had no foundation except a false av. superficial view of the ability -r a man to rerMMt substantially one set ot phn'ses six hundred times. It was not a matter of brartis. but a matter of pluck and endurance. 'Bryan dropped out when he made bi4 first spenxii in "the enemy's country." He fell flat in his lecture at Atlanta, and for the snme reason he had nothing new or original to offer. Though a crowd might assemble to hear such a rn.in. where admission was free, it wan to prove ejulte r-therwt-e when the audience was expected to stand ami eleliver al the e!w?r. Bryan's tirr-t lecture wus described "a frost," simply tw-rause It was "stale, flat and unprofitable." This pricks the bubble and fixes the future status of Mr. Bryan.