Indianapolis Journal, Indianapolis, Marion County, 13 April 1896 — Page 4

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, HOLIDAY, APRIL 13, 1898.

THE DAILY JOURNAL MONDAY, APRIL 13.1S0G. - Vntirztoa Office 1410 Pcaasjlvaala Avenue Telephone Calls. CusInmOflc... Editorial Koomi A 8a TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. IAII-V BY MAIL. Pany onlT, one mntb $ .7Q Da.il y orSy, Uiree i.ou:h ; 5.U) Pally only, one j tar 8.00 lmJl . iTH liKtttij: Sunijr, on ) ear 10.00 fcu&cay ouly, one j ear . iou H hrx rt i:mhei sr agists. riT, per eefc. by carrier 15 ctt I and j, tlrgle rwpy 6 ct$ LJj axul euiiday, per wee, by carrier 2u cts WKEKZ.T. TtTJtXT. yi.00 Reduced Rates to Clubs. Fntarrlbe with my cf cur numerous agents or tend luLs riptlons to Um JOURNAL NEWSPAPER COMPANY Indianapolis, Ind. Tfrrovn tending thn Journal throngb ths man in the IT nurd .State L)tiUl put on an eitcbt-paire raper a fy t-tm icta r- iumc on a twelve or lxteo-pa?e rrT a tho-ckt iotae lain p. Foreign postals U lut'tUy double these nut. ET"Anromni animations Intended for publication in ttu paper wcm, la order to recelta attention, be accompanied by t&e name and address cf the writer.

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL Xo be found at Lbe following places HEW TORS-tiilMy House. Windsor Hotel and Astor How. CHICAGO Calmer House and P. O. News Co., 91 dams street. Cl.NU.NN A Tl-J. K. Hawley A Co., 154 Vine street JjOUISVILLK--C. T. Deerlng, northwest corner of Third and Jefferson kts., ana LouiiTllle Hook. Co, ZKS Fourth are. sr. laj t ia l-Dion ews company, mion Depot. T7ASniNGTO?iV I. C Rlrc House. Ebbltt Honse, Kmard's Motel and the Wahlnton News Exchange, 14th street, bet. feuo. are. and i street. Senator Cullom. by taking himself out of the field, practically admits that Republican sentiment is for the Ohio man. The commissioners in a county like this should be able business men. That should be the first requirement, and it should be Insisted onv The Republican S.tate convention cannot afford to do less than those district conventions which have declared against the free coinage of silver on the present ratio. Mayor Taggirt seems to doubt "Whether it is his duty to make himself a martyr by being a candidate for Governor. Eut his hesitation is giving the workers hours of wretchedness. "Pestilent fool" Is a rough phrase to apply to a United States Senator, but those who have had their attention called, to Mr. Call, of Florida, will excuse the Philadelphia Press for applying it to him. " r - In 1S32 the American people sowed the wind, and for three years they have been reaping the whirlwind. They have had the change which demagogues persuaded them they needed, and they should profit by the lesson. Marlon county already has more old veterans and their wives on the rolls of the State Soldiers Home than any other county, but it has, voted money for but one single cottage, which not more than three or four persons can occupy. . Senator Turpie, who votes on the same iide after Tillman, of South Carolina, might invite that gentleman to exhibit his skill with his pitchfork in Indiana as he Is passing to and fro to meet his engagements as a 16-to-l unlimited champion, ... In the contested election case of Felton against "Maddox, from the Seventh Georgia district, Mrs. Felton appeared before the House committee as counsel for her husband, the contestant. Thus byslow and steady approaches does the new woman come. The "Washington correspondent of a Democratic paper says: "The 'President told his Cabinet to-day that he was against recognizing the belligerency of the Cubans." And, of course, one or two members of the Cabinet hurried around to tell the correspondent. Again the Journal would caution the voters who are looking after candidates for the School Board to carefully inspect all aspirants and make sure that the faintest mark of the gang's brandingiron is not on their persons. The gang Is expert with the marking-Iron. In trie International commercial debate that has been going on during the last three years the Democratic party has had the opening and closing. It has opened American ports to foreign commerce and closed a large number of foreign ports to American commerce. Even In Oregon, which has been claimed by the free silver men, the Republican State convention reiterated the national platform of 1832 and defeated a 'substitute declaring for the free coinage of silver In the most emphatic terms by a margin of a dozen votes. There was a time when the principal complaint of Democratic statesmen was that money was being piled up in the United States treasury. That time has passed. No money is being piled up in the treasury now, and still there are people who are not altogether happy".' ' , The Massachusetts man who writes the Journal an antl-McKlnley letter, for which he wants $2, and who intimates that he may be- forced to vote for a Democrat should Governor McKinley be nominated for President, is ' Informed that his argument cannot turn the tide la Indiana. The very general opinion of the Republican press is that New Mexico and Arizona can wait. If they complain thereat they can settle with the silver State. Senators, who declare that tariff and other legislation shall be held up until the Nation is placed on the silver basis with India and China. The farce of holding an election In Cuba was gone through with yesterday. The Autonomist and Reformist parties, which embrace the enemies of Spanish rule, refused to take part In the election, and the Union-Constitutional party did all the voting. The result will probably be announced as a Spanish victory. The Massachusetts convention, which formally put Speaker Reed Into the field as a candidate for President, chose four well-known citizens as delegates and did not instruct them. Why should not the Indiana Republican convention place as much confidence In the men It sends to GL. Louis svs does that of Massachusetts? W. L. Garrison, of Boston, the son of c dlrtir.julshed father, opposes further c::tri:t!cn3 urea imrnljration. As an

ultra free-trader, who would abolish the custom house and raise revenues by a tax on land, Mr. Garrison is consistent, to the end that competition may be world-wide and cheapness the end of all things. AX 131 PER ATI VE DITVOF COXGRESS. It must be that the excellent Republican leaders who spoke Saturday evening in the Ho.u?c caucus cannot appreciate the magnitude of the evil of the immigration which has started up since January. If they did they would not think that Immigration is a subject which can lay over until the next session or the next Congress. The objection made by Representative Payne, to the effect that the Republican platform does not warrant such restrictive measures as the bill imposing an educational test, is scarcely a plausible one under present conditions. The Republican party stands pledged to protect labor by legislation. What legislation can afford a greater protection to the common labor of the country than a law which will keep out of the market for such labor two or three hundred thousand foreign competitors? Such legislation is the basis of protection protection to labor, protection to the taxpayer and to society generally. . The report comes from New York that the increased immigration comes from the lowest strata ot the population of Italy, flying from that country to escape service in its foreign armies. It must be that Congress-Mhat is, the House of Representatives has heard of this. Consequently, It causes genuine surprise that a House which has given so many evidences of Intelligence and capacity to legislate fall3 to see the greater importance of legislation which shall turn back the flood-tide of Immigration and pauperism which is now pouring itself Into the leading, ports. This immigration from southern Europe is much more harmful to the country than would be the coming of an equal number of Chinese. Already the advance of this army of wretchedness has reached the cities of the Interior. Within a few days beggars of a foreign cast, who declare In broken words that they cannot speak English, have appeared in this city. Unless their coming shall be interrupted by a law which will turn back the most of the harmful immigrants, such foreign beggars will become numerous by fall. The time has come when the United States must close its ports to the pauperism produced by such systems of government as prevail in southern Europe. The American people cannot be burdened by such immigrants, and American labor has a right to demand protection against a competition with such degradation. The passage of the Lodge or McCall bill, prohibiting the immigration of persons over fourteen years of age who cannot read and write the language which they speak, will exclude thousands of the worst element. No weakness which has passed under the guise of humanitarianism should longer have Influence in this matter. The duty of the American Congress is to protect the country against the flood of Ignorance and pauperism. Let governments like Italy build fewer warships and maintain smaller armies until they can afford some sort of relief to the wretchedness which their misrule has created. There is no hope that these governments will undertake to care for their subjects until dire necessity forces them to do so. So long as they can send 100,000 of their poverty stricken and ignorant people to this country, so long the present wretched systems will continue. WAMPUM CURRENCY AND FREE SILVER. The sound currency committee of New York has made a unique contribution to monetary literature in a tract entitled "Wampum Currency."' It deals with a phase of the currency question curious in itself and very little known. History furnishes many illustrations of the evils of depreciated or bad money, and those who are most familiar with them are least liable to take up with inflation or fiat money theories in any form. Our German-American citizens are strong advocates of sound money because the history of their own country illustrates the evils of a debased currency- No person who lived in this country during the era of "wild-cat" banks will ever be found advocating free State banks. In this, as In other respects, the lessons of history are most Instructive. The tract in question is a compilation of the laws enacted by the early colonial government of New Netherlands, as New York was first called, to make wampum a permanent circulating medium and legal tender. It is hardly necessary to Inform intelligent readers that Wampum was an Indian manufacture, consisting of beads bored and strung on thread. When the first European colonists in this country began to trade with the Indians wampum became a medium of exchange between them, and the Dutch seem to have thought it could be made a permanent currency. By degrees beaver and other skins of more Intrinsic value than wampum began to supplant It, and finally coin crept in; still the Dutch tried to bolster up wampum by arbitrary legislation fixing its value and that of other articles in ccmparison with it. The first law on the subject passed by the Director and Council of New Netherlands April 18, 1641, was as follows: Whereas, Very bad wampum is at present circulated here, and payment is made In nothing but rough, unponshed stuff, which is brought hither from places where it ia &0 per cent, cheaper than It Is paid out here, and the good, polished Wampum, commonly called Manhattan W?.mpum. 13 wholly put out of sight or exported, which tends to the express ruin and destruction cf this country; in order to provide in time therefor. We do, therefore, for the public good. Interdict and forbid all persons of what state, quality, or rendition soever they may be, to receive in payment, or to pay out any unpolished Wampum during the next Month of May, except at Five for one stiver, and that strung, and then after that six beads for ' one stiver. Whoever shll be found to have acted contrary hereunto shall provisionally forfeit the Wampum which is paid out and 10 guilders for the poor, and both payer and payee are alike liable. The well-polished Wampum shall remain at its price as before, to-wit. Four for one stiver, provided It be strung. This ordinance was passed and promulgated at New Orange, as it was then called, now Albany. N. Y. At the time of the passage of the ordinance the place had been settled nearly thirty years, and the burghers probably thought it was time to begin to tinker the currency. It does not seem to have occurred to them that wampum was depreciating In value because it was being produced more abundantly and cheaply, just as silver has been in recent years, and they

thought they could legislate in such a way that the free and unlimited coinage of wampum might go on Indefinitely. The Indians were the bullion owners of that period, and had a corner on the production and coinage of wampum. All they asked was that it should not be discriminated against by the laws, and that the traders there were no bloated bondholders then should not be allowed to make war against it. In 1647 the Council passed a resolution fixing the value of loose wampum and providing that it should continue in circulation, "only that In the meantime all Imperfect, broken and unplerced beads can be picked out, which can be declared bullion and still be received at the company's counting house as heretofore." The depieciation seems to have continued, and three years later more stringent legislation became necessary. This is always the case when an attempt is made to create artificial value cr bolster up a debased currency by legislation. It has happened many times with depreciated paper money and sometimes with debased coin. The burghers still thought they could arrest the operation of the laws of trade, and on May 30, 1C50, the Council enacted the following "for the better regulation of the currency:" Whereas, We have by experience, and for a long time seen the decline and dally depreciation of the loose Wampum among which are circulating many with holes and half finished: also some of Stone, Bone, Glass, Muscle-shells. Horn, yea, even of Wood and Broken Beads, together with the manifold complaints of the Inhabitants that they cannot go to market with such Wampum, nor obtain any commodities, not even a small loaf of white bread or pot of Beer from the Traders, Bakers, or Tapsters for loose Wampum, wherein, wishing to provide according to best knowledge for thi3 time, we have for the promotion of trade and the general good of the People, resolved and Concluded that from henceforward no more loose Wampum shall be current or good pay unless it be strung on a cord, as has been the common custom heretofore: in order hereby to prevent the further importation of all lump and unperlorated Wampum, and to establish some difference between the Commercial Wampum and strung Wampum, so a9 In future to obviate all misunderstanding, the Hon'ble Director ard Council aforesaid. Do Ordain that the Commercial shall pass and be good pay as heretofore; to wit, Six White or Three Black for one stiver, poor strung Wampum shall pas3 Eight White and Four Black fsr ore stiver. We order and command every one hereby to regulate himself according to the tenor hereof, and In cf.se of a refusal to be deprived of their trade and business, and the Fiscal Is hereby ordered after publication to cause this to be affixed and made known everywhere that It concerns, also to use every effort that the same be executed and obeyed here. The currency was evidently going from bad to worse. In addition to the depreciation caused by an overproduction of wampum, counterfeiting had crept in. A few months later the Council passed a still more stringent law fixing the values of different grades of wampum and imposing a heavy fine for each refusal to take them at the legal rate. In January, 1657, an ordinance was passed in which the Council declared that "They, to their great regret, are by their own experience dally informed, and by the manifold complaints of Inhabitants smd Strangers importuned, respecting tlje great, excessive, and intolerable dcarness of all sorts of necessary commodities and household supplies." They also stated that the depreciation of wampum as compared with beaver skins and the continual fluctuation of the currency "tends so far to the serious damage, distress, and loss of the common Mechanics, Brewers, Farmers, and other good Inhabitants of this Province, that the Superior and Inferior magistrates of this Province are blamed, abused and cursed by strangers and Inhabitants, and the country in general receives a bad name." This act established a new standard of values and affixed new penalties for violating It. Another law was passed in 1657, and still another in 1658. The latter abandoned the policy of fixing the price of wampum and attempted to fix the price of all articles of merchandise. Half a gallon of beer was to cost six stivers in silver, nine stivers in beaver and twelve stivers in wampum. The prices of other articles were fixed on the same basis. Wampum was declared to be an article of merchandise "to be according to Us value and quality bought and sold, bartered and exchanged as buyer and seller can agree," and it was no" longer a legal tender above twenty-four guilders. This was the beginning of the demonetization of wampum and of a return to rational principles and a sound currency, though It took a long time to get there. This wampum legislation was akin to what, the advocates of free silver are now demanding. It has been said that the American people are getting to rely too much on politics, parties and administrations as a source of prosperity and the basis of good or hard times. If that were true It would argue a decay of popular vigor and independence. It Is not a good thing for a people to fall into the habit of depending too much on the government or on legislation to create prosperity, or, on the other hand, of holding the government responsible for hard times. Yet, if any people were ever Justified In adopting that view the people of the United States are. It Is hard for people to resist the effect of repeated experiences and object lessons, all pointing one way and enforcing the same conclusion. The American people have had it impressed upon them so often by successive experiences that Republican administrations bring prosperity and Democratic administrations hard times that It, would be surprising if they had not finally concluded that there is an intimate connection between politics and business. There is and always will be, as long as the Republican party Is on the right side and the Democratic party on the wrong side of great economic questions like the tariff question, the money question and others which vitally affect business. As long as these questions continue In politics just so long will the people continue to look for prosperity under Republican administrations and hard times under Democratic BBBBBSSBBBBaSBBBBBBBMSSMMBBlSMSBSSSSlSBSlMBBSSBBBSSi Dun's Review of Saturday presents the statistics of failures for the first quarter of 1S96 In comparison with those in the corresponding quarter of 1S34 and 1S93. Dun's Review has no poliUis. As merchants and manufacturers look to it to ascertain how far credits may be extended. Dun's Review is bound to give what Its Intelligent managers believe to be the truth about conditions. It gives the number of failures in manufacturing during the last quarter as S35. compared with 651 during the corresponding quarter of 1S95 and 900 in 1S94. In trading the number of failures in the respective quarters were: 1S96, 2,118; 1S93, 3,107: 1834, 3,290. The total number of all failures during the last quarter was only i 273 less than in the disastrous first quar

ter of 1S34, while the liabilities were only 16,712,193 less during the fiiit quarter of 1896 than the first quarter of 1894. The statistics for the month of March for each of the years named are not of a character to make one sanguine. The March failures were as follows: 1,183 in 1896, 1,037 in 1S95, and 933 in 1594. These figures contain the explanation of the uncertainty which pervades business and the reason why those who have money are so careful In lending it for business purposes. WMSBaBSSBMSBBBBBBSBBSBSBBBBBBBlBSBSSBSSBBBBSBBBBBBBS The multiplication of wheels Is likely to lead to new legislation in regard to the right of way for vehicles and compel greater care on the part of pedestrians. In St. Louis an ordinance has been passed requiring bicycle riders to "keep to the right," under penalty of a heavy fine, and in Detroit pedestrians are warned that, waiving the right of way which the law gives them, they are expected to Lsume the initiative in avoiding collisions. The general rule of law is that pedestrians have the right of way as against vehicles of any kind at street crossings, but this might not apply to other parts of a street. The introduction of asphalt pavements causes much more walking in the streets than formerly, and this, with the multiplication of wheels, seems to Impose a new obligation for caution on the part of pedestrians. The fact that the bicycle is a vehicle difficult to stop without great inconvenience ' for the rider, much more difficult, In fact, than a carriage drawn by horses, . is likely to give bicyclists some advantage in legislation and in the court decisions which are sdre to come in time. The filled cheese bill is one which Congress ought to pass for the same reasons that it enacted the oleomargarine law, namely, because the traffic is no longer confined to States and cannot be controlled by them. The filled cheese Is not a genuine cheese. It is a shell of good cheese filled by a compound of sklmmllk cheese and what is called neutral hog-fat. It can be sold much cheaper than a genuine cheese, and It Is an Inferior article! The bill passed by the House does not prohibit the manufacture, but Imposes a tax upon the manufacturer and seller, and compels the manufacturer to label it so that it will be known from the genuine. The making of filled cheese without regulation seriously affected the Industry of dairy cheese making and has brought American cheese Into bad repute abroad. It remains to be t explained why all the Democrats in the House voted against the bill. Ex-Speaker Crisp declares that he would not favor the free coinage of silver did he not believe that a dollar the metal of which is worth 100 cents in the world's market will remain in circulation with one whose metal Is worth less than CO cents. That is, he would take gold bullion to the mints to have coined into dollars when he could exchange It for enough silver bullion to make nearly a third more dollars. ft Mr. Crisp might do that, but the dullest Georgian would use the gold to purchase silver, and thus get a third more dollars. The best evidence of the revolution of public sentiment in a third of a century is found in the opinion, of the editor of the Charleston (S. C'News to the effect that, while "the election of Andrew Johnson for a third or even a second term would have been a menace to republican institutions, the election of Abraham Lincoln, had he been spared to the country, for the third, fourth or fifth term would have been the happiest fate that could have befallen the United States." .' .'

BL'llBLES IN THE AIR. HnI Its Advantages. "Dear me," exclaimed Rip Van Winkle, looking at his watch. "If I haven't gone and slept twenty years, I am a Prohibitionist. Well, my debts are. outlawed by this time, anyway. , ;' Hud u Ue for II I m. Dealer Yes'm; that is a mighty handsome parrot, but I will be honest with you and tell you he swears like a sailor. Mrs. Watts-I-ah-guess I'll hire him for a week, if you will permit rne. I've got to clean house. Up A Bra I nut It. "Are you willing to join us in our gallant fight against Wall street?" asked the man whose goldoid collar button shone through his long untrammeled beard. "Guess you'll have to excuse me," said Mr. Lambe. , "I have v been against Wall street all I care for." The Soared Bachelor. "I wonder," said the veally boarder, "If there is any truth in the theory that the advancement of woman to an equal intellectual plane with man will destroy her beauty?" "Of course there is," said the soured bachelor, "and there are more pretty women than ever nowadays." MAGAZINES OP THE 31 OX Til. The Philistine for April opens with a pcem by Miss Louise Imogen Gulney, which every lover of good literature will declare Is not very Phlllstinic. It is "To a Friend in Time of Trouble," and is very sane and sweet. No magazine is complete at this juncture without a chapter on the Olympian games, and Scribner's covers the ground both as to text and Illustration, more satisfactorily, perhaps, than any other. An illustrated paper on the artist. Lord Lelghton, is of interest. The leading article in the March number of Facts and Fiction (Chicago) is "The Armenian Question." by Judge W. B. Hess, of Indiana. Judge Hefs was Consul-general at Constantinople during President Harrison's administration, which gave him excellent opportunities for familiarizing himself with the conditions of the Armenians. , In the Bostonlan for April Lieut. James A. Frye has a second paper on coast defenses of the United States. He has made a study of appropriations and has viewed the subject from every side. He shows what is required at present in the way of fortifications and guns, and accompanies his statements with maps and drawings. An article on vested choirs will interest many readers. Dr. T. C. Mendenhall contributes to the Atlantic Monthly an Interesting' paper on the Alaska boundary' line. Dr. Mendenhall was one of the government commissioners concerned in determining this line. Lafcadlo Hearn. In the same Issue, sets, forth what he considers to be the consequences of the Chinese-Japanese war and its bearings upon Western civilization. The second of the series of papers on race characteristics in American life is by Professor Shaler, and Is a study, cf the Scotch clement. It well repays reading. The magazine opens with the rlrst installment of a four-part story by Henry James, called "The Old Things." Henry Norman, who recently .achieved a sudden celebrity as an American correspondent of the London Times, discusses in Scribner's Magazine 'The Quarrel of English-speaking peoples," and undertakes to show that a peace policy Is the only proper one for the United States to follow, and to build up a great navy would be the extreme of folly. In conclusion he quotes the closing wordj cX Evaits's Centennial cratica: "la

the great procession of nations, in the jtreat march of humanity, we hold our place. Peace Is our duty, peace is our policy. In its arts, its labors and its victories, then, we find scope for all our energies, rewards fyr all our ambitions, renown enough for ail our love and fame." The Illustrator Is the title of a new monthly magazine published at Atlanta. A number of ventures of the kind have been unsuccessfully made In this field, but the projectors of this hope to profit by the errors of their predecessors, and to win where they failed. They are endeavoring to establish "a first-class illustrated magazine, with literary and historical features, not devoted to or limited to the South, nor sectional in any sense, yet of the South." With the exception of seme typographical features which are not pleasing, but may easily be corrected, the first issue is of a character to sustain the promises of the prospectus. It is certainly "cf the South," as a paper on "Sherman's March to the Sea," written from a Confederate standpoint, and bitter in spirit, clearly shows. Another article on "Some Mischievous Minutiae of Sectionalism" shoas a more liberal spirit and a better understating of conditions. Several of the strictly literary contributions are meritorious. A fine portrait of the late Henry W. Grady is among the illustrations. A writer in the Strand Magazine has this to say of American writers in London: "The colony of American writers in London is not particularly large, but the quality is good. It Is also varied. It possesses its analyst In Henry James, Its 'lettered printer In Bret Harte, Its publisher in B. F. . Stevens, its humorists in Robert Barr and W. L. Alden. and Its playright In 'Harry' DamIts doyen is Moncure D. Conway, the wellknown preacher, publicist and essayist, and its newest member is always the latest comer from New York, or Boston, or Chicago, who seeks fresh fields and pastures new. In all there are at least a hundred, and this number is being constantly expanded by the young men and women who find In a London- fame a singularly sweet and inviting prospect. Occasionally the colony is represented In American magazines and newspapers, but most of its work is done In London for Londoners, and its books, for the most part, are issued with the London title page and colophon." An editorial writer in Scribner's Magazine calls attention to the recent literature of childhood, which consists, not in books for children to read, but in books about children, which are the delight of their elders. He fears that if the part of the community under twelve were given to criticism it would complain that there are no more delightfully objective works like the Rollo books, the Franconla books and Mayne Reld and Kingston books, and that it was but slightly interested in people's state of mind, to which subject the newer books relate. "But older readers," be says, "even up to the lamentable senility of forty, when all pretense that life la simple and direct has bpen abandoned, have been untroubled by these critical reserves, and have been getting unalloyed enjoyment out of a new child literature, cf which the younger contingent will only know later how good it is." He cites Stevenson, Kipling and Kenneth Graharae as producers of this fascinating literature, and calis attention to the fact that Barrie. in his "Sentimental Tommy," now running" as a serial in the magazine, has entered the same field. F. W. Atkinson entered into correspondence with a large number of teachers throughout the country, asking, them for their views as to the social and intellectual position of teachers. From the replies, which he sums up in the Atlantic Monthly, he draws the. conclusion that their status, as a class, is not what it should be. The chief reason is that teaching does not rank with the other learned professions, and one cause for this is that, save in a minority of cases, young teachers have not the proper mental and professional equipment, they do not fit themselves for their calling as followers of other professions do. Another cause given is that men of a given degree of ability and application can earn more in other occupations than in teaching. Vsiious nuggets of 'wisdom are scattered through the article: "If it is once admitted that a teacher past forty is useless, then away with the idea that teaching will ever be held in as high honor as It ought to be." "A teacher does better work only as he grows through experience, and as he broadens his miod by study, and by intercourse with his fellowmen." "A school taught by home talent is often dead educationally." "Teachers should organize and demand that they, and not school board?, made up of laymen, should conduct all examinations for determining who shall become teachers."

- INDIANA PRESS OPINION. "By their fruits you shall know them." The fruits of a Democratic administration are hard times. Vevay Revielle. Unsound tariff and unsound money is the motto that Democrats are expecting to carry to the polls next fall. Richmond Telegram. Say what we may about Grover Cleveland, It will not be denied that he has redeemed one pledse made by his party four years ago to reduce the treasury surplus. Parke County Journal. Every Democrat who has gumption enough to keep out of the fire will be glad of Republican success next fall, for in such success he sees by faith a return to prosperity in this country. Lebanon Patriot. The man who is talking the most about the benefits of free silver knows the least about it, as a rule. It is like the free-trade talk we heard four years ago all nice enough In theory, but no good in practice. Bloomfield News. The best-informed Democrats now admit that protection is necessary for the prosperity of the country, but the country will look to the natural party of protection the Republicans for the proper protective legislation. Goshen Times. The advisability of holding the State Republican convention two days, instead of one, is being agitated. One day Is certainly too short, unless some of the buncombe, wirepulling and red-tape proceedings are eliminated. Mishawaka Enterprise. "Free trade" and "free coinage of silver" don't mean freedom to American workmen, by any means. It means slavery at starvation prices and starvation to thousands who cannot earn the worth of a free-coined dollar op a free-trade article. Auburn Dispatch. Give us a tariff laW that will yield a revenue sufficient to pay the government expenses and that will restore the American markets to the American farmer and wageearner, and our money troubles will disappear, and with them the free-coinage clamor. Rushville Republican. At no time since 1S61 were so many Democrats coming over to the Republican party. The pressure of the hard times and the desire for protection and reciprocity is what is causing it. Democracy -brought on the civil war and Democracy inflicted the hard times on the country.Wtockport Journal. The question "What shall we do with bur ex-Presidents?" is again being revived. That question is not, in Importance, to be compared to that of "What are we goinsf to do with the honest workingmcn of our country who vainly seek employment and what are we going to do for them." Knightstown Sun. It is a beautiful financial record that the Democracy will present to the country this year as a plea for a renewal of its lease of power a balance sheet showing a vast excess of government expenses over government income and the adverse difference shouldered off on posterity at good stiff rates of interest. Richmond Palladium. The proposition to extend the Republican Stato convention over two days should prevail. There are so many candidates and some of the contests will necessarily be so long that it will not be possible to do justice to all in a day. Give the subject two days, then all interests can be given proper attention. Republicans are not in a hurry this year. Let them have ample time. Kokomo Tribune. If a man is at work by the day, week or month he trusts his employer to the end of that day, week or month. When he is paid he wants good money a hundred-cent dollar. If he succeeds In saving some of his wages and putting those saved dollars in a bank he wants to be sure that he can check out just as good dollars as he puts In. The workingman has a most vital interest in -the money question. Winamac Republican. In the absence of anything better, we would suggest that Mr. Cleveland may save time and trouble by clipping out Mr. Carlisle's letter, attaching his own name to It and changing the address to "To whom it may concern." He would thus satisfy a longstanding demand for a dennlte utterance on his personal attitude toward the presidential campaign, and would decline a third term while leaving the way open to accept it. Vlnccnnes Commercial. Cold-Blooded Slander. Philadelphia, Times. It is said that Mrs. Dlnrmlck that was, Mrs. Harrison that Is, the bride cf the exPresident, had but one shock at her wedding. Mr. JHarrLscn, who remetrrrs Itosco

stood it very well, but the bride, who Is particular about such matters, nearlr swooned. Tlie ushers wore "Wabash ties. ' For the benefit of fellows who live cast o! the ll?siselppL it must be explained that "Wahash ties" are white-, about a quarter of an inch wide, but with red borders, and are worn at any hour of the afternoon or evening. Th red-bordered ties of the ushers at the Harrl-son-Dlmmlck wedding were the or.e touch indicating that in the coming Republican convention there may be blood upon trie face of the pale moon.

ABOUT PEOPLE AXD T1IIXGS. Beer costs 23 cents a glass, or $2 a gallon at Circle City, Alaska. A custom of Durltan times has been revived in Machias, Me., in the opening of the town meeting with prayer. After nearly fifty years service. Professor George J. Becker, of Glrard College. PhHadelphia. is to be retired on April 20 on a pension of $-50 a year. j The Duke of Cumberland was born without a nose. The one which adorns his face is the result of much ingenuity on the part of the surgeons who attended him as an infant. Munkacsy's latest painting, "Ecce Homo," Is on view at his studio in Paris. It shows Pilate on a balcony, presenting Christ to a crowd, in a last effort to avoil condemning Him to death. Mayor A. C. Houghton, of North Adams, has presented to the city a public library building worth $123,000, as a memorial to his' brother, the late A. J. Houghton, of Boston. The property given is the Blacklnton mansion. Thomas W. Hall, who has Just died in West Chester, Pa., at the age of 101 yars, was never ill a day in his life and died from a general breakdown on account of old age. A brother ninety-nine years old and a sister ninety-seven years old survive him. Lewis Carroll, the author of "Alice in Wonderland," lives in Oxford, and Is a deacon of Christ Cathedral. He stammers, and that Is why he never became a clergyman. His real name is Dodgson, and nis chambers in Tom Quad are said to be the finest in Oxford. Mrs. Anna Mullin, of Chicago, Is at the head of a large commission business, where she employs a great number of people, having two stenographers todook after her correspondence. She went Into the work on the death of her husband, dmply taking the place he had left. It is a subject of newspaper comment in southern California that cents are beginning to be used there in stores and In commercial transactions generally. It is only a few years since any coin smaller than a nickel was a great rarity anywhere west of the Missouri. If the price of anything figured out 2 cents, the odd cents were deducted; If 3 or 4 cents, the purchaser paid a nickel. One of perhaps many little considered ways In which the forests of the country are being eaten up is in supplying timber for railway trestle work. There are two thousand miles of trestle structure In the United States, according to an estimate by the Forestry Div'sion. This trestle work has to be replaced cntlrelyevery nine years, on an average, and every year timber amounting to 260,000,000 feet, board measure, is used for this purpose. Nearly all the timber is cut from the largest and finest trees. The annual expenditure on this work Is estimated at about 57,000,000. .Jerome Hill, of St Louis, rode away from Appomattox owning nothing but his uniform and a mule he borrowed from General Grant's army, but he is now the biggest cotton buyer in the country. Besides being credited with having handled more cotton from prouueers than any other commission dealer he is the owner f several large plantations, and as he has made a lifetime study of cotton and the methods of handling it, he enjoys a vast measure of prestige, as well as popularity among cotton men and his opinion on matters affecting cotton is regarded with much interest throughout the South and Southwest. Japan, too. has keen explorers. The professor of astronomy In the . University of Tokio, Mr. Nomaka, accompanied by his wife, last October ascended Mount Fujiyama, thirteen thousand feet high, to make meteorological observations in the course of the winter. A short time ago word waa received that the Professor was dying and a relief expedition was fitted out. With great difficulty the members of the . expedition reached the snow-covered hut. Professor Nomaka was found to be exceedingly weak and unable to move, but his wife had suffered no evil results from the exposure. Nomaka was taken back to Tokio, but he declare? he will return next winter, and his wife says she will accompany him again.. We know that we always get spark from a match. But that leaves us still In the dark; For when- it's a courtship, the case is reversed. We then get a match from a spark. New York Herald. THE VICE PRESIDENCY. An. Honorable Offlce, but Fertr 3fen Desire It. Philadelphia Inquirer. The office of Vice President is a most honorable one, and yet we are hearing very little about it. There are plenty of candidates for the presidency, but for second place on the ticket no one has actually entered the field. It is said that Mr. Hobart, of New Jersey, would not decline the nomination, and that possibly Governor Bradley, of Kentucky, could be induced to accept It. but no canvass has been inaugurated for any one. The office seems to have dropped almost out of sight. There are reasons for this. One of them is that a public man, say a United States Senator, unless he Is willing to retire from public life at the end of his term cannot afford to become Vice Presider o one in private life not wealthy is -ed to accept the offlce. It is not parti y attractive. A man elected Vice Pre it can take the oath of offlce, preside . r the Senate until a President pro tem. is elected, and then disappear for the remainder of the four years, and no one will ask, unless they follow the Congressional reports very carefully, whether the Vice President is piloting the Senate or not. Instead of making this office prominent and permitting the Vice President to become a Cabinet officer and take part In the councils of the Nation, the Constitution has left him to obscurity. When a President dies then indeed the Vice President becomes a very important person, but at almost every other stagei of the administration he is a nonentity. Another reason why there 4s so little scramble for the nomination now Is because that, as a rule, the second place oa the ticket is filled by force of circumstances at the convention, and rarely by a combination In advance. To go back to tho time of Hayes, Wm. A. Wheeler, of New York, was nominated for Vice President. He had been a candidate for the first place with three votes. In 1880. when General Garfleld was nominated over Grant, Senator Conkllng Insisted that Chester A. Arthur should be nominated as Vice President, and. to appease Conkllng and the 306. this was done, although he had not been a candidate previously. In 1S84 Logan -was taken up with Blaine after having made a stiff fight for the presidential nomination. That was the Democratic year, and Hendricks was made Vice President on the Cleveland ticket with the intention of keeping Indiana In line. It was an appeal to a doubtful State. In 1S88 Morton was put on the ticket with Harrison. Mr. Morton represented a dose and important State. That same year Thurmam was put on the ticket with Cleveland, and for once a man was nominated for whom a canvass had been made im advance. The late Wm. I Scott made up that ticket of Cleveland and Thurman. In 1892 the Republican convention threw overboard Mr. Morton and took up Whitelaw Reid. This was aa Instance where a barrel was relied upon to popularize a candidate, and it did not work. Where we Iiall land Lhis year no one knows. There are many very good and trreat RepubWcans who are among the presidential possibilities, but not one of them seems to care for the vice presidency. No doubtful State need to be pandered to In this campaign. The party is perfectly free to pick out Its best men. On Pavements Broad. On pavements broad the crowds go-by In labyrlnthlan human maze. And back and forth as shuttles ply The threads that meet tha weaver's gaze. Through mysteries of nights and davs Faint limned upon the hollow sky. Or pavements broad the crowds go by In labyrlnthlan human maze. And time with them a moment plays. In feline fashion ere they He Under the sod In straightened ways, Yet following after as they die. On pavements broad the crowds go by In labyrinthian human maze. Ernest McGaffcy. All Kinds of Buttons. Washington Post. There have been all sorts of buttons displayed at the Capitol th Quay button, with the Senator's face in a jieyaione; the Allison button, colored ryllaw, because Iowa is the corn Sate; the McKinley button, resplendent in red. white and blue: the Reed button, as severely plain and classic as the Speaker's counttr-asce. and now ths Cullca tuttca.

which made its arrrrarre yesterday. Tt bears a portrait of the favorite on of Illinois, printed in fclj on a white ground, ard the legend, "i am fcr Cullo.-n. are your printed in re J.

. A XATIOXAL HYMN. It Is Not a Thins? to Be Made to Order or ! Ilnle. To the Editor of the Indianapolis Journal: In some of the press dispatches concerning the doings of the recent meet of the Daughters of the American Revolution it was said this august body had under consideration the petitioning of Consre.s to make tha "Star-spangled Banner" our national hymn. This contemplated action setmed most surprising on the part of an organization supposedly the very flower of our American feminine life. For various reasons of a historic, phllisophlc tnd sentimental character, national hymns are not made by the enactments of ofdeial bodies,' and certainly ,the daughter who originated this novel proposition, had looked neither very, deeply into recent Interesting erents of our national history. Into the general subject of national hymns, nor indeed Into the origin of the "Sar-spangled Banner" Itself. Th latter is an old French song long known in England as "Anacreon in Heaven," and In America as "Adam and Liberty." It la also entirely unsuitable for a truly national hymn, the words being almost entirely de fcriptive. the rhyme involved, and the air out of the range of the ordinary voice ai it is an octave and a half, and edicts of Congress go for nothing In matters of this kind. One cf the most interesting episodes la our history was the endeavor on the part of certain learned and critical gentlemen of New York upon the outbreak of the civU war. to have a national hymn served up to order. The following "call and conditions," which were, published, may be of interest: "In obedience to the request of many citizens, who have observed the tendency to give poetic expression to the emotion which stirs the heart of the Nation, the gentlemen whose names are undersigned have consented to act as a committee to award a prize of Cw for a national hymn, set to music (either original or selected), upon the following conditions: 1 "First The hymn is to be purely patriotic, adapted to the whole country not a war song, or only appropriate to the present moment. "Second It must consist of not less than sixteen lines, and Is not to exceed forty, exclusive of a chorus or burden, which is essential. "Third-It should be of the simplest form, and most marked rhythm; the words easy to be retained by the popular memory, and the melody and harmony such as may be, readily eung by ordinary voices." .There were seven other conditions relating to the awarding of the prize, the form of tha manuscript, etc, and the flnal. or eleventh condition stated, "the committer will return no manuscripts." The result exceeded their "wildest Imaginings. Twelve hundred manuscripts wero sent In and five times was the contents of an enormous basket consigned to the names. But none of these, although of varioui degrees of suitabihty and excellence, "filled tho bill." and the $500 was returned to the donor. We are unique among the nations aa not only having no national music, but no national hymn. England, to be sure, has no national music, at least of a distinctive character, but-her national hymn is one of the two great ones of the world. tome persons have affected to find the American rational melodies the folk-songs in those of the negro, but. said one distinguished authority, as well designate the war whoop of the Indian as such. Absurd as It may be considered by certain self-styled crltlcs, "The Arkansas Traveler is the nearest approach to a folk-song we have. Of popular and partlotlc airs we have a number "Hall Columbia," for instance, which can never be a favorite national song, the words and the music being pretentious and commonplace. The air to which it was written was a march composed by a German bandmaster on the occasion of President Washington's visit to a New York theater. "Yankee Doodle" Is an old English air and essentially comic; "Tha Battle Hmyn of the (Republic" is grand and Inspiring, but has never been adopted as a national hymn by the great ratss of the people; "America." to the air of "God Save the Queen." Is more universally used and regarded as a national hymn than any of our patriotic songs. Mr. George WirliamCurtis said: "Any true patriotic national hymn fits every emotion of the national heart. It Is the national heart-beat set to music. And the "Star-epangled Banner" is not the national heart-beat. The great American national hymn, like the great American novel. Is still to be evolved. Tha source from which it comes must be imbued with this great saying. "The popular tate Is sympathetic, not artistic" Z, Richmond, Ind., April-H. Bicycles ts, Railroads. Philadelphia Record. In the contest of the wheels at Albany, the bicyclers seem to have obtained the advantage of the railroaders. An act has been passed by the New York Legislature to compel the railway companies to carry, bicycles free when their owners are passengers, their 'bikes" being treated as baggage. The formidable character of the bicycle movement in this country Is fairly indicated by the result of this fight with the railway managers in a field where the railways have heretofore been deemed almost invincible. A Pretty Custom. Boston Advertiser. Some recent accounts of wcddl.is In hlrU life indicate that there is a return to lavor of the homely, old-fashiond flowers that were the favorites of country lads and iatses a generation ago. This is not o r-trange as it may seem to the Fuperfl.-lal cr.rver. Flowers have a well-established symbolism, as poor Ophelia so touchingly rerr.inla ts.. The use of old-fashlonel flowers r.t weddings gives a good opportunity for pelting a happy couple, as their carriage tets out to begin the wedding Journey, with boquets of marigold. . Potatoes and Free Trade. New York Morning Advertiser. The low price of potatoes sales are reported up the State at cents a bush 1 is not wholly due to overproduction at home. The downward tendency in the market wm started by large importations from Canada, and with a full crop at home the market collapsed under the pressure. Too muca free trade. Measles and Politics. Boston Advertiser. ' So the measles have Invaded the Tlhtte House. It will be remembered that under similar circumstances President Lincoln expressed thanks that "at last he had cmethlng which he could give to all office teekers." Is this recent instance part of tha plan to boom Cleveland for a third term? Worse than the DevlL Chicago News. In his written confession, where he t Cmlts having killed twenty-fevtn arsons, IJ. il. Holmes says he was born with he dvil In him. It Is safe to say that if his satanic majesty had any self-re?pect he irave up his quarters and retired to the 4nf;rnal regions several years ago. ' Suspicion) Resemblance.1 Kansas City Journal. , Secretary Carlisle's recent letter 1 sa heavy and platitudinous In tie as ta create the euspicion that the President's messages were composed in the Treasury Department. Evidently Xot. New York Evening Sun. Dr. Max Nordau says that Alfred Austin, the poet laureate, is the greatest living poet writing In EngILh. Has he ever read the poems of Richard Watson Gilder? Handicapped. Philadelphia Press. f "It appears that dlviied skirts are -net at all appropriate for bicycle riding." says M Apprehensive. "For united we tund, divided we fall." Quite So. Boston Transcript. Senator Turp.e, of Indiana, manages to be about as far wron? on most public qurs. tions as a United States Senator, can possibly be. That Mo. Washington Pot. The trolley and the bicycle are bound to make tt unpleasant for those reopl who have been making their living by thoci.tg hordes. This 3lcnn (3. Cleveland. Chicago Dispatch. Th nomination at Chicago li much mere likely to go .to a chestnut than to a diik horse. Are Yea Oaf Chicago DItpatch. The eplnnlr.T rhc:l lj crorirj ia r:--ir-Uv. JLxa vc j C2.7