Indianapolis Journal, Indianapolis, Marion County, 14 October 1895 — Page 4

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THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, MONDAY, OCTOBER 14: 1895. r: T ' " i 1

THE- DAILY JUUitXAL MONDAY. OCTOBER 11, 15C& WASHINGTON OFFICE 1410 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE Tflrplioue Calls. Bt-.f in Offlce fciitfinal Itooms A M TCR3IS OF SLIJSCR1PTIOX. P.OLT UX MAIL, Pan? only, one nioi.th f Ia ly only, tbree mouths ., "00 ItaiW only, one ear 8.00 Iat!y, inrlivlinff Similar, one jear 10.00 eumiaj on!) , uue yar 2.00 Paily. tT by carrier.. 15 rtj SunUay. tlntfe eoj.j & re Lauy aui suinlaj , per week, by carrier SO cu WktKLT. reryear.. i : Ji.OO Reduced Hates to Claba. Pnfcvribe witli any of our uumerou agents or tend tutiriiitU)D to tbe JOUltXAL NEWSPAPER COMPANY, Indianapolis, Ind. - !rcu wtwliTi the JoMrnal through tbe mails In tb I mteil Mat t4imii iut on an t ucbt-tage paper a ' 'b-ent tajc rtanu; on a twelve or Miteen-pag ! ai er a TwiM.rsT iaic6 tunp. 1 oreigo pottag U tmuaUjr double tbese rate. . . tyAll communications Intended for publication In tJum rajT imw-t. iu onU-r to re'-eiTe attention, b ac- :( auietj Lj tbe name awl iiMma of tbe writer. TIIK nUIA.NAI'OHS JOIRXAL I an I foond at tbe following j.laici FA K I. s American Juxcbaii? iu rarU, 'M Boulevard de rajmetne. . M-.w YOKK iitlser Hftaae, Wlmisor Motel ami Astor HiiS I'll 1 lAltELPIII A A. P. KembU. cor. Lancaster ave. arxi Itanoff t. tUKAt.o-rainier iinuse, Auditorium Hotel and 1. O. NewaCo., VI Adamsatreet. CINt 1NXAT1 J. K. Uawley Co., 154 VinVatreet H.H'ISVILLK C T. Heertnsr. northwmt corner of 1 UJnJ anl Jefftraou na., and IxxusviUe Book Co., 3JS ' 1 ninth ate. M. Lot l.1 luion hew Cooipaor, Union Depot WAMUSfiTON', I. t ItlRgV House, Ebbitt House, V iUanr Hotel ami tb Vatnlii7ton News Kxcbange, IUIj street, let. I'enn. ave. and t street No, Mr. Carlisle, the people are not so anxious to retire the greenbacks asthey are to retire the deficits. ' ; Judging from current reports Mayor ; Taggarfs "better enforcement of all the laws" Is fettered with a ball and chain.

'" In this country Lord Sackvllle would be classed as a retired politician who was trying to Interest the public in hlscore toe. The person who grave a list of the llv- - Ing eminent writers of fiction should explain why he did not Include the book4 v keepers of the Treasury Department. Mr. ' Cleveland's Attorney-general has expressed the opinion that Americans hould not parade their sympathy for the' Cubans. It is, however, an opinion, not an injunction. SSSBBBlSBSSBaBSSSBBMSnSBPBlB"S .' If the Cuban Insurgents have money they can get all the arms they want in the United States. , An armed ship would not be permitted to sad from a United States port, but a ship load of arms is a diffeient matter. Mr. Carlisle Fees pretty clearly, but he does not see straight.. The retirement of the creen backs .is a duty to be kept In view, but the burning- question of the . day is how to increase the revenue and stop the monthly deficits. . i" A private letter from Baltimore says that the Gorman leaders in that city are resorting to bogus registration to escape defeat. In one ward they have been so zealous thatx the registered voters exceed the entire population. J There' is considerable complaint that the President is' not showing any interest in Democratic campaigns In any dllectlon. That Is because he has no personal Interest in politics just now, and, according to; his own opinion, is not a voter in any State. In Massachusetts Governor Greenhalge, the Republican candidate for reelection, makes it very clear in. his .rpeeches that he Is opposed to any movez raent which denies a man any of the rights. of citizenship because of his religious convictions. The free-trade papers lift up a cry of joy with the announcement that the export of American nianufactures the past year was $10,000,000 In excess of that of the pi-evlous year, but they fall to add that JS.000,000 of the excess Is In coal oil, the prices of which have. advanced; If the President has appointed the son of the Secretary of Agricuture on the condition that the Secretary will write no more alliterative letters to the public and let the press agents In Washington alone,', the "country will approve. But what has become of the competitive examination announced for consuls? Captain Curtis is a popular young man who has made a wider reputation as an artilleryman than as a lawyer. If he ahall hereafter devote himself to the du"tics of his office, which require the services' of an experienced lawyer, he may meet the demands of that responsible position; but he can spond no time j 'at the practice of practical politics. "J The President's friends In Washington are nor pleased because a Republican Congress contracted to pay $4 per mile to an American line of steamers to carrjour malls to Great Hritan. They also complain that the American ships are not fo fast as the British. This sort otlcomplalnt reminds one of the opposition the same quarter to the plan for Vuilding our war ships at home. ' - Suits have been 'brought In the Circuit Court of Jay county by, the prosecuting attorney of tho circuit to forfeit the charters and corrate rights of the two natural gas companies of Portland on the alleged ground that they have entered into a trust and combination to control the supply and price of gas to consumers. The suits involve an imr jortant principle and are the first of the kind brought In the State. A year ago Messrs. Carlisle and Clevet - land tried very hard to divert public attention from the tariff question and hard times. to their great scheme of currency reform through State banks. It looks now a if they were going to try and make thev retirement of greenbacks the ' cl'sorbing issue. There is reason to believe they are more anxious to throw tand in the eyes of the people than they are to Inaugurate any plan of currency reform. . ' In the States where elections are com- ' ing on Democratic speakers are having a good deal to say about the Improvement of times, the increase of wages, etc. Ex'Governor Foraker. of Ohio, who has a way of getting at the kernel of things, y; punctured this argument very . neatly a ' fer days ago. In addressing an audi-f-r? of coal miners he asked them how : r.7 days a wek they worked in 1832. Czy, was the prompt response by "7 vc!c3. "How much did you get ? T' cried tha Governor. "Cv-

I enty cents," shouted the miners. "How j many days a week do you work now?" asked the Governor. AbOut two," was the response, louder than ever. "And how much do you receive per ton?" was the next question. The answer was, "Fifty-one cents," though somebody added they hoped for sixty soon. It did not require a diagram to illustrate this argument to the audience. a uiack'iv fi.vwo:. If Secretary Carlisle had in his mind a plan for increasing the revenues to an extent that the monthly treasury, deficit might come to an end there would be a pretext for his going before the Massachusetts Reform Club to address the country. Rut, having no plan of that character, why should a Secretary ot the Treasury who hat seen a deficit at the close of every month, of his administration, with two exceptions", appear before the country to instruct it upon finance? What he has to say about the standard is well enough, but it is old old even when he was on the side opposite sound money. What he has to say about a stable currency is as true now as it was when he was voting for the repeal of the resumption act In 1877 and 1878 In the House. His hostile criticism of the Congress which early In the war voted issues of legal-tender notes to save the Union comes with bad . grace from a Secretary of the Treasury who has no plan to present to Increase the revenues so that they may be equal to the current expenditures of the government. Theoretically Mr. Carlisle Is a very able man, but as a practical financier he is as much a failure as the quack who treats his victim for Influenza when he is bed-fast with paralysis. Mr. Carlisle Insists that the outstanding legal-tender notes are the cause of the government's troubles sl;v;e Mr. Cleveland became President. He insists that there would be no trouble or danger now If these notes were not In existence. There certainly would be no need for a gold reserve if the greenbacks and treasury notes were not in existence. But there was no trouble about retaining the reserve at $100,000,000 and keeping the paper money of the government In circulation from 1879 until Mr. Cleveland became President with a Democratic Congress. . Tliat it would be wise to redeem and retire a portion of the greenbacks and treasury notes and have them replaced by some other form of paper money of a national character like the present bank note there can be no doubt. If the treasury had been in a condition to retire fifty millions of the greenbacks and treasury notes presented for the sole purpose of getting gold to export, "there would now be little trouble- in maintaining the reserve. But .under the Democratic laws for raising revenue the money coming into the treasury from month to month has been about six millions less than the amount going out for current expenses. These six millions of dollars to make, up the monthly deficit had to be obtained In some manner. There" being a demand for gold to export to meet current obligations, and, during the past year, to pay for foreign-made goods which before the Democratic tariff we made at home, greenbacks and treasury notes were presented to the treasury for redemption in order to get the gold. Under the resumption act the treasury is authorized to pay out these notes when redeemed If necessary. It has been necessary during the Cleveland regime to prevent the suspension of payments by the United States. Ostensibly Mr. Carlisle has sold J162.0OO.OOO of bonds to keep up the reserve fund; practically he has sold these bonds to pay the running expenses of the government. t If the Democratic Congress had passed a tariff for revenue only instead of one largely in the interest of foreign manufacturers and special industries at home, so that there would have been a surplus in the treasury of six millions a month Instead of a deficit, the deficiency caused by the raids upon the reserve fund could have been made up from that surplus, and the greenbacks redeemed could have been held back until there would have been no surplus in circulation to collect and present for gold. But being, forced by the continuing deficit to put these notes in circulation again to pay current demands, they have been used to deplete the gold reserve. And now Secretary Carlisle goes to Boston to declare that the greenbacks which, by virtue of the resumption act, have protected tho treasury from suspension of payments are the cause of all, the trouble! Does Secretary Carlisle know that there is a monthly deficit, and that it was over five millions during the first ten days of October? Jl'DGE STt'UIlS'S DKCISIO.V. , Some of the State papers criticise the recent decision of Judge Stubbs invalidating a certain provision of the Nicholson law without publishing the decision or the grounds on which it is based. There is discernible a disposition in some quarters to assume that the Judge went out of his way to find technical grounds on Which to base his decision, and that It. was inspired by hostility to the law. No person who knows Judge Stubbs will believe anything of this kind, and those who do not know him can rest assured that such an implication does him injustice!. The correctness of his decision will be ' finally determined by the Supreme Court, but, whether right or wrong, no person who knows him will doubt that it represents .his honest conviction of the law. The Constitution provides that "every act shall embrace but one subject and matters properly connected therewith, which subject shall be expressed in the title. But If any subject shall be embraced in an act which shall not be expressed in the title, such act shall be void only as to so much thereof as shall not bo expressed in the title." Under this provision, if the body. of a law contains any provision not properly connected with the subject as expressed in the titk that provision is void. , It is not necessary that every provision In the body of the law should be expressed In the title, but they must be properly connected with the subject as expressed in the title. The title of the Nicholson law is; An art to better regulate and restrict the sale of intoxicating, spirituous, vino is and malt liquors, providing penalties for the violation of the same, providing for the enforcement thereof, and providing for remonstrance against the granting of 11ctni for the sale of the same. Judje Stubbs holds that the provision in Section 3 of the Nicholson law, which makes It unlawful for any person other than ths proprietor cf a raloon or mem

bers of his family, to enter the place during prohibited hours is void because it Is not embraced In the title. "The subject of the Nicholson act as expressed in the title," says Judge Stubbs, "is the sale of intoxicating liquors, and it is difficult to see how the permission of others to go Into the room where liquors are sold can be construed as being within the title of the act." This does not state the subject of the act as expressed in the title quite accurately. It is not the sale of intoxicating liquors, but "the regulation and restriction of the sale." If such regulation and restriction properly embraces the regulating and restricting of entrance to the premises during certain hours, then Judge Stubbs's decision is wrong. From a common-sense point of view most persons would say that the regulation and restriction of entrance to a room where Intoxicating liquors are cold was a matter properly connected with the regulation and restriction of the sale itself. Whether this is the legal view remains to be seen, but Judge Stubbs's decision is so nearly in line with a previous, one by the Supreme Court as to Justify a belief that it will be sustained. A3IEHICAX IXTKIIESTS IX CUI1A. It is probably true that the government has notified Spain that the United States consul-general In Cuba must be accorded all the rights and privileges extended to the consul of any other country, and that Spain will be held responsible for any damage to American citizens or Interests growing out of a failure to do so. The situation in Cuba is peculiar. As the island is a Spanish possession we cannot have a minister there, yet American interests in the island are large, and important questions are continually arising, growing out of the treatment of American citizens by the Cuban authorities. Some of these questions require prompt action, and this cannot be had through the United States minister to Spain and the dilatory methods of the Spanish government.- Under these circumstances it Is important that the United States consul-general in Cuba should have quasi-ministerial powers for .the protection of American citizens and interests. The present consul-general, Mr. Williams, has held the position about twenty years, and has been noted for his efficient protection of American interests. In fact. It was his efficiency in this regard since the commencement of the present insurrection in Cuba that brought him under the displeasure of the Spanish government and caused it to issue an order depriving him of all authority except such as related to strictly consular duties and commercial affairs. The enforcement of this order would leave American citizens and interests in Cuba without any local protection and place them at a decided disadvantage. On general principles and in the absence of any treaty stipulation on the subject it w-ould perhaps be competent for Spain to make and enforce such an order, for, as a rule, consular officers are not entitled to exercise any ministerial or diplomatic authority. But it happeps that a long-standing treaty between the United States and Spain provides that American consular officers in Cuba shall have all the rights and privileges of the most favored nation. It hap-; pens, further, that a treaty between Spain and Germany provides that the consular officers of the latter country in Cuba may exercise diplomatic powers when circumstances require. Under the favored nations clause in our treaty this government has a clear right to demand that our consul-general shall be permitted to exercise the same powers as those accorded to the consuls of any other country. The right to make this demand is so clear that one can hardly doubt it has been made. If there is any reason why the consular officers of Germany should be permitted to exercise diplomatic powers in Cuba there Is far more reason in the case of this country, which is so much more closely connected with the island and the interests of whose citizens there are so much larger. It was a distinctly unfriendly act on the part of the Spanish government to attempt to deprive Consul-general Williams of powers granted to the consular officers of European governments, and1 which, under the favored nations clause, he is clearly authorized to exercise. This government should Insist on the prompt revocation of the order. Editor Stead, of the Review of Reviews, is doing some vigorous writing in favor of making the Fourth of July a festival day for all English-speaking nations for the celebration of civil liberty. He argues first that all English-speaking peoples ought to have a day in common for that purpose, and, second, that no other day would be more appropriate or convenient than the one now celebrated by the American people. He says: There is no other date than the Fourth of July which would serve so well for' that purpose. The adoption of such a date by Great Britain would indicate better than anything else the entire extinction of the old feud, the burying of the hatchet and .the generous and enthusiastic recognition of the independence which was so violently asserted on the Fourth of July, when -the famous declaration was signed which brought the United States into being. There is nof a British colony or a British county in which the Fourth of July. Is not as frankly recUnized as In any State in the American Union as one of the red-letter days of the world's freedom and as marking a great era of the world's progress. From a sentimental point of view the suggestion is not a bad one, but the average Briton will not take to It kindly. If he celebrates he would rather have a j day of his own, and he is not likely to adopt the day on which the American colonies promulgated a policy that ended in the humiliation of England. is understood that Mayor Taggart is haying no little difficulty in making up a Board of Public Works. The number of deadbeat statesmen who are always candidates is very large, and they are Insistent. As he cannot appoint one in twenty of such applicants and will make those he does not appoint his enemies, why does he not go outside of the shady hangers-on and select two Democrats who enjoy the respect of the community and an out-and-out Republican? He will make only two more enemies among the professional place seekers than he will have made by selecting two of them, and two in fifty cannot make much difference. On the other hand, he j will receive the approbation of the peot pie If he selects able and honest men. A law permitting women to vote in elections for school officers has been in force In Connecticut three years.' In 1833, the first year in which the law was in force, the number of women who voted In all but three or four towns in the 13tate was 3,ECi. Ttls wts admitted

to be a small vote, but the friends of woman suffrage predicted that It would increase. In 1834 the woman vote in the same towns was 3.241. and this year it was 1.906. The Hartford Courant. which presents these figures, thinks they show that a majority of Connecticut women do not care to vote: Yet the testimony from the new Western States where woman suffrage prevails is decidedly In its favor.

Treasury agents as well as manufacturers in this country complain of the enormous undervaluaton of merchandise for the purpose of importation to the United States. It is charged that some of our consuls tare lending themselves to the foreign manufacturers and importers where they are stationed to facilitate this species of fraud upon the revenue. The ad valorem scheme Is the pet of President Cleveland, Secretary Carlisle and his free-trade friends. It always has been and, now is a scheme to promote the interests of foreign manufacturers and to insure treasury deficits. That was a remarkable resolution passed by the farmers' congress in Atlanta the other day, declaring that it was opposed to any party which should pass laws requiring the export of either gold or silver, so that but one metal can be used as money. The last Congress, by putting wool on the free list and the duties on woolen goods on an ad valorem basis and a greatly reduced rate, more than doubled the importation' of wool and woolen goods, which will require the "export" of forty millions of gold to pay the Increase. Popular interest in the Hinshaw case Is revived by the filing of a motion for a new trial by the defendant's counsel. Such a motion is 'almost a matter of course. It is proper that it should be made, and if good and sufficient reason can be shown it should be granted. But, from what is known of Judge Hadley, it is safe to predict it .will not be granted on the flimsy grounds outlined by chimney-corner gossip nor In compliance with attacks on the intelligence and honesty of the Jury. BUBBLES IX THE AIR. Avrful Possibility. "It ain't the mero matter of glttin' arrested I mind much." said the pugilist, "but suppose dey was to shut me up?" The heelers 8hu3dered. Vnklnd. WiHieboy Do you know, she Just sat there and stared at' me as vacantly as if she saw nothing. MuJge Why, certainly. , . Deuled. Salvation Sarah Do you never realize that you are a poor sinner ' . Irreverent BillPoor sinner? I'm one of the best sinners. in' -the business. Insufficient Data. Watts I don't know but that I rather like this horse. Is he an. animal my wife can 'drive? ' j . ' Halcede I don't "know. "You .ought to know. .You say you raised the hsrse." "Yas, I allow I did, but I never seen your wife try to drive." TUB PRIZE-FIGHTER. Perhaps a brief visit to Hot Springs may cure Corbett of the talking haibit Washington News. ' ' '"ol' ' . The Corbett-Fitislrofnons fight -appears to disregard the interstate-commerce law. New York Press. Arkansas would :- not be the loser if it could hire Governor Culberson for a few days. Cincinnati Tribune. It begins to look as if Corbett and Fltzslmmons would have to fight It out through the newspapers. Toledo Blade. The prize fighters are at least introducing to the country at' large the Governors of numerous States Columbus Dispatch. Eighteen thousand tickets have been sold for the prize fight - in Arkansas, and tho chances are that the ticket holders will find themselves sold, also. New York ilornlng Journal. .-.! : ? Those pugilists would be willing to give up their proposed fight were it not that they dislike to throw away the value of all the free advertising they have received in connection with it. Omaha Bee. Let us now throw Corbett and Fltzsimmons among the back numbers. Their bluffing and counter-bluffing have taken up more newspaper space than a political campaign. Louisville Commercial. If Corbett and Fltzsimmons would go off( into some Texas cotton field with a few' personal friends to see fair play, and slug each other until 'they settled their little question of rivalry, there would be no objection on the part of anybody. But it is not this question they are so much Interested in. It Is the gate receipts. Augusta Chronicle. " ' ABOUT PEOPLE AND THINGS. Herbert Spencer never accepts a college degree, nor any d'ther honorary trade mark from any society." He wants to stand wholly on hit own merits ' or be ' forgotten. Bismarck has . fpngrittwenty duels and was never wounded but once. That time he was slightly cut by the sword of his adversary, which Cew from Its socket and struck him in the face. It is said that the sweepings of the streets of Paris cost about 11,340.000 a year. The pay of a sweeper Is about 7 cents an hour. The. annual cost of watering the streets is said to be about, J400.0U0. Queen Victoria was so much ."aken" with the singing of Miss Clara Butt, the contralto who has been engaged for the Cardiff festival, that her Majesty has been defraying for her the expense of a course of tuition at Milan. Colonel Malcolm has sold to the British Museum the fam.ous collection of drawings and engravings by the old masters which was formed by the late Mr. Malcolm of Poltalloch. The price was $125,000. The collection is said to be worth fJUO.000. Prof. Sven Loven. the Swedish zoologist, who died recently, at Stockholm, had the luck to be selected as a member of the Institute of France over Darwin In 1872, and to be preferred to. Huxley In 1892 for the Frussian order rPour le Merlte." "A novelty in advertising is shown in a Scotch church. The congregation could not pay Its minister; to help them out of their dilemma a soap firm offered to pay SC0O a year for five years on condition that Its advertisement be hung up in front of the gallery in the church. The offer was accepted. The quarrel between the two English poets, Mackay and Swinburne, has nearly reached a lawsuit. Mackay wrote Swinburne a scorching epistle recently, and the latter at once put it into the hands of his lawyer, who warned Mackay that if he dared to address further letters to Swinburne there would be legal trouble. Mme. Thalberg, widow of the pianist and daughter of the great basso, Lablache, died recently In Thalbergs villa, at Poslllppo, in Naples, at the age of eighty-four. When her husband died she had the body embalmed with & preparation that preserved it with some semblance of life and kept it seated in the room where Thalberg used to work. A hitherto unpublished Incident in the life of Gen. Robert E. Lee is tola by a lady now living at Warm Springs, who knew General Iee well. The incident occurred shortly after the war, when sectional feeling was running very high. At this resort were quartered while Genera! Iee was there a Nortnern general and his daughters, who, by reason of their Northern affinities, managed to have a very dull time of It. The lady narrator, noticing this, mentioned It in the next conversation she had with General Le. Looking up In surprise, the latter said: I am glad you told me of it. I shall re to it at once thit they find It more pleatant." With the courteous dignity

which tvas essentially his he kept his promise. The Northern general and his daughters were charmed by the attention he bestowed upon them. As General Ie haJ set the fashion, the young ladies were soon among the most popular at the hotel, and before the season closed the two old soldiers were warm friends. Remembering the unhappy matrimonial experiences of Byron and of his daughter Ada. it is gratifying to learn that the latter's child, the poet's granddaughter, is most happily married. She is Lady Anne Ulunt, the wife of Mr. Wilfred Blunt, and a Bostonian who has visited them in their picturesque home in Surrey has some pleasant things to say of their congeniality of temperament. They -have an. estate in Egypt, where they visually spend the winter and Lady Blunt is fond of making translations from the Arabic and having her. husband put them in verse. Both are arlent disciples of William Morris, even in his rocialistic views. The Paris Figaro tells the following story of the late Bishop Cordier, of Pnom-Penh: As he found no Christians in the capital of Cambodia, he decided to begin at the top and convert King Norodom. His Majesty expressed great interest In the new faith, and appointed a special interpreter to translate the catechism and the words of the Bishop for him. The ruler was ready to be baptized when he happened to learn that Christianity only permitted a man to have one wife. He proposed to the Bishop to induce the Pope to allow him, as a special favor, to have at least twenty wives. When this demand could not be granted he decided to' remain a heathen.

LOUS PASTEIR. The Grent French Scientist Described by an American Writer. Emily Crawford, in London Truth. Pasteur's death was long expected. The wonder Is that he did not die ten years ago. I think It a pity for his name that he did not. His greatest achievements were prior to 1SC0, when he began to think he ought to make money. There was more business than science in the Pasteur Institute and everything connected with it. Still Pasteur had great mental faculties and was free from every sort of affectation. He was a good-hearted man within narrow .limits. I dare say that, 'having been familiar from Infancy with hides fresh from shambles, to be tanned, destroyed rlne sensibilities. It was something appalling to see him go the rounds of the cages where dogs inoculated with rabies were kept. Pasteur did not receive a medical education and was not licensed to inoculate human beings. In many respects he was unscientific, and he often showed ignorance. I heard him seriously contend that in undergoing his treatment for rabies one's blood was purified, one's appetite was sharpened and one's general health Improved. He advised "vaccines" as Holloway might have advised hl9 pills and ointment. He had that shrewd peasant wit which the French term madre. Pasteur was always anxious to know, when a dog-bitten person came for treatment, whether the dog had or had not been killed. He would not hear of its being kept under observation at a vet.'s. The band of American children who came for treatment when he practiced at the Rue d'Ulm. were all bitten by the same dog. Pasteur inoculated them according to his formula and sent them back cured to the United States. They were there handed over to Earnum to be exhibited. When they ceased, through being stale, to attract, the dog that bit them was produced and taken about to be shown. He was in the best health and spirits and a pile of affidavits established his identity. Pasteur was Informed of this AmericanIsm. He took it quietly. But ever after he showed anxiety to know, when a bitten person came, what had become of the dog. I fancy, though "cures" are greatly multiplied, that mortality from rabies is not less than it formerly was. Pasteur must have made a deal of money with his sheep and poultry vaccines. I have spoken of his being kind-hearted within narrow limits. He worshiped his mother, who used to tell him when he was a child stories about the great battles in which his father had fought before he settled down to the trade of tanner. He was also a most tender, husband, father and especially grandfather. Bonnat painted, him with his little granddaughter. He never let his grandchildren sleep at the institute. Was this from a fear of noxious microbes, which are worse in the dark and dampness . cf - night than in the daytime? It was in memory of his father and mother that he refused not long ago the Cross ot a Prussian Order of Knighthood. - Pasteur heard with indignation of a novel entertainment given in honor of the Medical Congress, held In London in 1892. The person who gave it wishes to rank as a great scientist. He had collected, by the aid of microphones, the sighs and groans of sick wards and of surgical amphitheaters,, and the last words of patients dying of consumption and other lung and throat diseases. These vocal evidences of human suffering were produced at a grand soiree, to which the congresfand society were invited. The sounds wo'Sld have been In their place in a medical lecture room. But. as Pasteur Justly remarked, they were blasphemous at a soiree. He looked upon the scientist who gave the entertainment as deserving to be vivisected. A. UXUEHGnOLXD SEA. The Expose of a Myth About an AI-, leged Wenleru Phenomenon. Pittsburg Commercial-Gazette. "Stories about a great subterranean lake or sea beneath Nebraska, Kansas and a part of Indian Territory are going tho rounds of the press," said Robet T. Hill, of the 1 nlted States geological survey. "They are accompanied by details relating to the bottomless ponds occupying areas whre patches of land have sunk and disappeared. Other " reported phenomena supposed to be In the same connection are roaring wells In which water ebbs and flows. "Such tales become current periodically. So far as the well are concerned, they are based on fact. I myself have seen a number of wells in which the water rose and fell at intervals. This is not an uncommon phenomenon In parts of the West. It has a relation to changes of the barometer. When the barometer Ls high, the pressure of the atmosphere being greater, the water in such wells and springs stands at a low level. On the other hand, when i the mercury In the glass Is low, the diminished pressure permits the water to rise. The surface level varies from day to night, for the same reason. "There are many phenomena connected with Western wells and springs which are calculated to excite the attention of the observer from the East.' They are puzzling sometimes even to a scientific student. I have never seen a well that roared, but I know of no reason why such a thing may not happen. There are wells from which currents of air come up. Stories are told of magnetic wells, in the neighborhood of which the needle of the compass is affected. I never saw one, and no facts appear to support this peculiar yarn. Water Is the most common substance in the world and there. is nothing about which so much humbug exists. - "The most remarkable well I have ever seen was on the old battlefield of Stone River, in Tennessee. A man digging for water struck an underground stream. He made the hole big' enough to hold a water wheel. The stream ran the wheel and pumped water up to the owner's house. Underground streams, of course, ure common enough. They are freqent In file limestone region of Texas, in the gypsum region of New Mexico, in the Appalachian region, and In the limestone region of Iowa and Missouri. The very fact-that these streams are flowing shows that they are seeking a base level, and hence It is useless to try to tap them by artesian wells, because the water will not rise. "There is no such thing In the world as an underground lake or sea. Nevertheless, such lakes have been created frequently by the Imagination of hopeful settlers In the West. The truth in this matter was established years ago by the government engineers who. under the direction of Col. Nettleton. ' Journeyed across the great plains of Kansas and Nebraska. They sounded every well they found, studying the underground water. Of the fact that there was no underground sheet cf water they made certain. The wells were like any other wells, the water coming from saturated rocks below the level of surface evaporation." A Record-Breaking Era. Albany State. This is a record-breaking era. The bicycle is vying with steam and electricity to forge ahead. Yesterday a bicycle rider made a mile in Hartford in one minute, forty-six and four-fifths seconds. The worlJ ha3 romewkat bastred its gait sine1 the day George Stephenson ran his first locomotive with a man running ahead to warn people to keep out of the way. Precocious Roosters. , Chicago News. A young gallant of eighty-four, prominent' In the Juvenile circles of Crawfordrvllle, Ind.. last Sunday met a bashful young lady of scarcely seventy-seven, wooed and won her that afternoon and was married yesterday. The precocity of the young Hoosier is something amazing. Looks That Way. Philadelphia Inquirer. . It appears that out in Indianapolis, in the Stat of Ir.dlar.2, there has tteo rcnij Indian polities.

AMERICA'S ARID LANDS

THEIR RECLAMATION AND THE PROBLEM OF IRRIGATION. 'What Han Keen Done In Europe, find Success lln Follourd Similar I inlertnkliiKs in the Far Mc.it. A. M. Willoughby, In Western Rural. In the beginning, before maa'a - avaricious hands had been permitted to lay hold of the things of this world, the land, the water, the air and the sunshine all that is necessary to produce beautiful harvests belonged in common to the whole people. As the acquisitive and mercenary sides of man developed, the struggle for land began. The Inhabitants of one ortion of the earth were driven by force from their holdings and were compelled to seek homes In remote quarters where the chance of a livelihood was less, -while the invaders took possession of the desirable land by right of conquest, and held them until they in turn , were forced to surrender it to a stronger and perhaps 'more rapacious government. So the struggle for land has been ever going on, and what was at the outset a gift from God to all His people has been to a great extent .acquired by the few and we have as a reSuit the private ownership of land. The never-ending struggle for land is still going on everywhere and in this country, while no armed foe is invading its sacred precincts to drive out or subdue Its Inhabitants and take from them their birthright In the land, conditions have arisen which make it necessary for hundreds and thousands of people of the thickly settied portions of the farming communities of the East to, seek homes elsewhere, where land is cheaper and where the opportunities for making money by improvement of the land are greater, and, they naturally turn to the public lands the arid plains of the great West where a farm may be had for the taking almost. Socialists persistently claim that there Is enough land east of the Allegheny mountains to furnish a farm of 160 acre's for every farmer In the United States if tt was cut up . into small holdings. As to the truth or falsity of this proposition the writer is not prepared to say; but certain It is that conditions are such that all the farming people of this country cannot stay on the eastern side of the Alleghenies; and perhaps they would not if they could. They prefer to ' go West, many of them, and build new' empires and lay the foundations deep and strong for greater and grander achievements in the land of the setting sun. Having acquired a private ownership in land, man has been giving his attention to ; water, the most potent assistant to the 1 productiveness of the field, and but for the good Judgments of the courts and lawmakers of the world, it too, would have become the private property of corporations ! and Individuals. But recognizing that water Is a most essential element in producing the earth's harvests, the laws have been so construed and enforced that all have an equal opportunity to acquire it for beneficial uses. Therefore, when the farmer of the East determines to try his lot anywhere on the arid lands it Is with the reasonable-assurance that if there is water within his reach he will be entitled to and receive his Just proportion of it. The development of Irrigation practice in the West has made It possible for the farmers of other sections of the country to locate on the rich, though barren, plains of the United States, wherever favored by. streams of running water, and by an application of the science of irrigation cause water to flow upon his thirsty fields at will, insuring a satisfactory yield at the harvest time. While but little Is known about Irrigation In this countrj't save In the localities or States where it is1 in vogue, the custom is as old as. history, and there is a friendly sentiment rapidly being formed concerning It, .something of Its past, the laws enacted to foster and protect if. from the time of the ancients down to the present, will be of interest in this connection. Irrigation seems to have come along hand In hand with civilization. Long before the Christian era dawned, the farmers of. Egypt, China. India and Italy were prac-. tlclng it, and It ls a fact that the hydraulic engineers of the olden times were able to plan and construct canals, flumes and weirs that are marvels of excellence in the light of latter-day science. While all the countries named were proficient in their irrigation enterprises to a marked degree, it was Italy which threw around her waterways the protection of her courts, and In her Jurisprudence is found the laws which have been used as a basis of nearly all subsequent legislation upon the subject in France, Spain, Mexico and the United States. IRRIGATION Df ITALY. One might suppose, without Investigating the matter, that "sunny Italy," with Its glorious climate and fertile soil, would be among the last countries to need irrigation; but the fact Is that the valley of the Po Is the early home of the practice, and the plains of Lombardy, Venetia and Piedmont furnish the best examples of ancient and modern works of hydraulic construction for Irrigation. It was there that Irrigation was first given scientific study, and was first practiced as an , art, - after the light had broken in upon the dark ages. The streams of the Po valley have, their sources in the j Alps and Apennine mountains, and all of j them contribute to the water supply used In agriculture. Irrigation In that region ls ; of ancient origin, but since the tenth century the greatest works of the country have been' built. The volume of water handled and distributed there far exceeds anything of the like In this country, and the practice Is more scientific and refined than It is With. us. The Roman law declared that water, like , the air, was a necessity to human life.of which every one might use so much as was needed for personal requirements, but was not capable of appropriation to private ownership further than .In such sufficient quantity. "By the law of nature flowing water is a common property of all men," said Colquhoun. In his summary of the Roman law, referring to common rroperty, which he . designates "things the property of no one in particular the air, running water, the sea and its coast, and wild, animals in a state of freedom. The air is necessary to human life, and every- one may use so much of it as is requisite, but It is not capable of appropriation; the same is the case with running water." Rivers and streams, navigable and non-navigable, of perennial flow, were held to be public property, and belonged to the state, while nonnavigable rivers and streams of intermittent flow or torrential in their character, not regarded as public, and situated on private property, belonged to the riparian owners. Thvto It ls seen the Roman law made a fine distinction between rivers and streams, and " the state, representing the w hole people, was the guardian of the common rroperty. ' Although irrigation was a recognized necessity, appropriation of the water of public streams, except for individual use, was a custom unknown to the old Roman law, and this is where the law of the Romans and the laws of the states where Irrigation I.- in vogue as in this country are at variance, as will b? shown later on. Cus.toms. however, have grown into laws, and the result is that Italy has regulations covering every essential feature in the con.Rtnictlve development-of hydraulic canals and Irrigation practice. In 18S the civil code of Victor Emmanuel was promulgated and It declares the rivers to he a part of the public domain. It says: "The national roads, the shore of the sea, the harbors, bays, coasts, rivers and torrents. the gates, the walls, the ditches, the- bastions of forts and fortifications, form part of-the public domain." Under the provisions of this cole running watprs are still held as the property of the government. . representing the people, and the law of distribution Is almost the same as It Is In France. In 1X85 the Italian government promulgated a general and far-reaching law governing public waters and to encourage reclamation and irrigation. It says: "For the concessions of water for the betterment or reclamation of waste lands and irrigation of crops. Jointly, the rates are reduced to one-half of those for irrigation,, and where th water Is used only for reclamation of wastes the rates are but one-fifth of those for .irrigation." IRRIGATION LV SPAIN. In Spain, possibly more than in any ether European country. i Irrigation necessary In order that diversified agriculture mayprove profitable to the farmer. The climate of the country so resembles that of north- j ern Africa that, were it not for irrigation, the plains and plateaus of Spain would equal the African desert for arldnea and unproductiveness. In . the valleys of th Ebro and GuadJqulver rlrrrs may be foun t the irrigation enterpiirrs of all ag-, but i It is in the valley of t,e G?r'J river. In Gra

nada, t'lat the tnufice lias tta!n'd lu highrst degree cf r ir.cient v. Thfre it has b'en follovkcl fir.ee the time o' the Moors. Along the plain and valnys which opt-n out on the Me-i;trrrar.tan crast ar the fertile ganlcn lands of Valencia. Marivcdro. Alicante. Alman.a, Murica nr 1 many other Irrigation dl.tiln which s.re highly cultivated. r'paln in Its? early history was subject ! 5 0 k many shocks, and Its government o frequently changed, that its rarly irrigation laws are of little cons ..ueuci- at thu tim : but the laws of 1FT! and 1SV, are of ereoUl lntereI. as they show, to what extent th government Interests Itself Li the caijfc of Irrigation. Under these law corporation or syndicates, organized for the corv-tru Men of Irrigation canals, ate granted certain exemption and fUt-nMles which materially assist In the prosecution of the work. The exemptions Include freedom' from cutom duties on machinery imported for use n the construction and maintenance of the canals, exemption from taxe.. etc. H. money subsidy consists of governmental assistance to the extent of per cent, of the ! estimated cost of the entiro plant, the gov- ! crnment reserving the right to expend its money under its own management. When corporations or syndicates have compiled with all the formalities of the Spaniph law and made a cash deposit of i per -ent. of the estimated cost of the wotks. the gov- ; ernment then offers the oikcs1 n" or right to construct the works, at auction to the best bidder, the rant to ! made for ninety-nine years. The difference between I bids is determined by the amount of s-ib.-liy ! named. the smallest anu.Jnt of I governmental assistance aski for I being determined the be?t bid. Horrever, if the bids should be the same on this point the concession goes to the company giviu the lowest rate for irrigation water. THE WORK IN FRANCE. Trance, or that portion of Europe now called France, while under Roman dominion was. of course, subject to the Roman law, and its water courses had the protection accorded to Roman properties, but fol- ! lowing the conquest of Caul by the Vlsigoths, the Merovingian kings deprived tho people of individual ownership of land under the old tenure, and all ownership of rivers and streams was ucquired by the rulers themselves. Following this came the feudal system, when the water courses became dependencies upon the feudal counts, who assumed ownership and control of them. After a long struggle between the klnps and the counts for the control of th water courses, which yielded a rich revenue from tolls, the government was centralized In the fourteenth century, and "all streams and waters belonged to the kins by right of kingship." In I'M the edict of Moulines was issued, which declared the inalienability of the public domain, including all rWers and streams At for navigation, and this is the policy of France to-day so that waters once declared navigible can never become private property. Although French writers and hydraulic engineers complain that their government has not done enough for irrigation, it will be found by a perusal of her laws that France, under the circumstances, has endeavored to encourage hydraulic agriculture. In her laws irrigation and the reclamation of arid lands are constantly f-ivored, even in preference to manufacturing, only in one instance water being considered of more importance, and that for domestic use. To-day the French government owns all the water courses, and administers their affairs In such a manner as to give complete and well-distributed good results to the whole people. In addition to the brief summaries of the laws of Italy, Spain and France here given, showing the deep Interest these governments have always taken in Irrigation matters. It is proper to state that each of these countries have sought to encourage irrigation among their farmers by offering valuable prizes for the best results obtained on Irrigated lands. Sets of rul?s governing tn competition, prepared by the Minister of Agriculture, are sent out broadcast. In order that ail wishing to compete may have equal opportunity to understand tho conditions. France, continually awake to the best Interests of its people, goes further, and undertakes to ascertain what particular waters are available for irrigation purposes, and to publicly give credit to those who uso water systematically and economically, and at the same time to call public attention to those who use the water in an extravagant and unskilled manner. This action on the part of the French Agricultural Department has a wholesome cfiect and goes a long way towards promoting a scientific and economical use of the water alloted to irrigation. IRRIGATION IN AMERICA. ' Having shown the great interest taken in Irrigation by tho older countries as a means of advancing agriculture and the reclamation of the arid lands, wo now turn to the United States, whero public and governmental interest in the pracileo Is rapidly increasing. Although irrigation has been engaged in in California, Colorado, Arizona, Wyoming and Utah for many years, the undertaking was largely experimental, and it has only been within the last quarter of a century that success on a large scale has been attained. Of the Irrigation In this country the Mormons rank first In an attempt to win from the virgin soli Its birthright of harvests. These people, having left tho fertile field of Illlonis and Missouri, followed the star of empire westward. On they trudged, foot sore and weary, across the great plains, through forests and over mountains. At last, by dint of perseverance, they reached their heaven, the Great Salt Lake. But what were their surroundings? In front of them the briny teke, in their rear mountains, on either side arid plains. The soil was dry and rains were of rare occurrence. What was to be done? The quick discer;v ment of the leaders told them that artificial watering was their only salvation. High up on the mountain tops, where the thunders crashed out their mournful cadences, sparkling streamlets had their source. Down the mountain side they tumbled until they ran out to kiss and we.i iha parched plains. The Mormons planted their seeds and quickly diverted a portion of the streams from their natural courses so that the water flowed over the fields at Intervals, and, behold! What had been an ri.i desert was transformed into a garden land of surpassing productiveness. Since that time the Mormons have perfected their system of Irigation until the country about the great Salt Lake Is of great fertility Southern California In H70 became the scene of another important Irrigation enterprise. In that year a syndicate of hardy speculators purchased a tract of desert land aggregating three thousand acres, many miles from any railroad. They encountered many hardships and reverses, but finally they mastered the art of successful irrigation, and from that time their success has been wonderful. On that three thousand-acre tract of arid land that was, to-day stands th beautiful city of Riverside, Cal., one of the greatest shlipiig points for oranges in the world, and very little of the tract can now bo bought for less than an acre. Whllo the Riverside pioneers were, battling with the problem of irrigation in California, the same scenes were being enacted on the Colorado plains In the villey of the Coche la Poudre river, about midway between Cheyenne. Wyo., and Denver. It was here that the first attempt was mai to carry water upon the second bench or high ground, and It ls here to-day that irrigation is. as successfully practiced as anywhere In the country. The pioneers of this locality were the members cf tho famous Union colony, cf which the late Horace Greeley, editor of the New York Tribune, was one of the chief promoters, and when they had founded a twn they properly named It Greeley, In honcr of the Illustrious gentleman who had contributed so much toward making the co'.ony adventure a success. So thre stands today a thriving cltv of over three thousand Inhabitants on the sandy plain wher. in 1870. there was nothing but -cactus t and sage brush, and from the ParlflV toast to the Allegheny mountains the Greeley potatoes are famous products of Irrigation. GOVERNMENT AID. Since the marked huccess of the undertakings referred to Irrigation has been engaged in with highly s-atl?factory ruJts In Wyoming. Idaho. New Mexico. Arizona, Texas, California. Washington and Colorado, and many thousands of acres of what was arid waste land have teen reclaimed and are now under cultivation producing harvests the equal of any on earth. It is but natural, therefore, that the United States government should undertake through its agricultural experimental stations, to demonstrate the amounts of water required for the perfect development of the various crops as well s the btfi time and method of application, losses aggregating millions of dollars occur eveiy year in tho dry regions of the East. South und t, as a consequence of the practical drought which prevail In many localities of thoo regions. Competent agriculturists claim that a well-distributed annual, rain fall of twenty-two Inches is neoesiiry to pn-lin good crops; therefore a cleticie r. - of rain fall during even a short prtoi t critical time may result In a erioui reduction of crops or in absolute failure. The most reliable safeguard against th result if irrigation, liy Impounding the small stream and utilizing the springs which are found on almost every farm ufUclent water could be stored to carry the crops .throush th drv season. With the rovernment seMmr a nvrani to further the Interr-.t cf tr.e f-fn:er through end ty irTitirrv t" "5 crriur k::3