Indianapolis Journal, Indianapolis, Marion County, 12 October 1895 — Page 4

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THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 12, 1895.

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THE DAILY JOURNAL SATURDAY. OCTOBER. 12, ISO

tmHIKGTOSIOFFJCE-MlOPMKSYLVAHIA AVENUE Telephone Call. PntmetsOBlce... utnrlaJ Uooras A W TERMS OF SLDSCniPTIO.Y. IA I LT BT II Alt. rHr only. ote mouth $ .TO Iailjr onlr. thre mouth Asm IiiT only, one ytar.. 8. no laUjr. in4ilinr Sunday, one year W.OQ eacuiay only, oueyear iw WHKX rCR5IHlD BT AGIST. Pallr, per week, by rrier , 15 rt Sunday, single ropy 5 rt laily aod suouay, jsr week, by carrier 20 eta Wit KILT. rtrjtxr.J $1.00 Reduced 11 tea t Clnba. ubMTibe wttli any of our numerous agents or send subscriptions to jUe JOURNAL NEWSPAPER COMPANY, Indianapolis, Ind. r)iw sending the Journal through the mafia tn the t'nliel Mates should put on to eictit-rajre paper a os K-ci3T postage tumm on a twelve or sixteen-page j-ajer a two-cetit portage stamp, lorelga postage la C3uxUy double tfcese rate. tT'An eommunimtlona Intended for publication In paper mart, tu orUer to rerelve attention, bo accompanied by the uame and address of the writer. TUB LDIA.ArOLIS JOURNAL . Tan be fotmd at the following places ' TA KIH American x change m lart 3d Boulevard tie t 'a purine. MiW YOKK Gusey Houae, Windsor Hotel and Aator House. rmi.ADKLPIIIA-A. V. Kembla. cor. Lancaster are. ik! Bar tn c M. Of ICAtiO-rainier House, Auditorium Hotel and p. . .Ntwi Co., VI Adams street CINCINNATI J. R. Haw ley Co., IM Vine street. LOUISVILLE C. T. Deerint. northwest corner of l b ml and Jefferson et., and Louisville Book Co.. roitrth a ve. M'. LOUIS Union News Company, Union Depot ' WASHINGTON", D. C. nlggs House. Kbbltt House, U H lard's Hotel and the W ablnyton Newa Exchange, lltb street, bet. l'enn. are. and P street. In Connecticut the Republicans more than 'held the gains made in the local elections last year at the voting on Tuesday. . The Democrats of Illinois are greatly relieved to hear from Governor Altgeld that he will not be a candidate for reelection, whfch means that he knows that he cannot be re-elected. The Journal sincerely hopes that the Journal In .Louisville with a Courier attachment Is inspired by the true spirit of prophecy when it says that Senator Blackburn "has never had the slightest chance of re-election." When the result of the Indianapolis election reached the editorial writers of the New York World the Democratic majority was between 3,000 and 4,000. As a matter of-fact, where it was a test of party voting the Democratic plurality was less than 1.00. If it is true that Senator Brice will no longer contribute funds to support the Democratic State ticket in Ohio if the Thurman coterie Insists on fighting: Brice legislative candidates the campaign is ended for all practical purposes on the part of the Democrats. The President has declined an escort of volunteer cavalry on the occasion of his coming visit to the Atlanta exposition, and expressed a wish that his journey may be as free from display as possible. He will be accompanied by several members of the Cabinet, and there will doubtless be some rear-platform speech making. During the pa.t two weeks a clas3 of twenty-two noncommissioned officers of the army have been passing an examination at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, for promotion .to lieutenants, and the result is that all except four have passed and will be commissioned. This proves that the best can win position in the army without West Point. The negro building of the Atlanta exposition will be opened with appropriate ceremonies on the 21st inst. Every department of .the building is said to be complete and creditable In every way. A brilliant programme of opening exercises has been prepared, in which colored men of national reputation will take part, and the event promises to be a notable one. .The report current in Madrid that, the United States . government has notified the Spanish minister at Washington that It Is necessary for Spain to act promptly, in suppressing the Cuban insurrection ' Is not credible. It Implies on the part of the administration a degree of spirit and sympathy with a struggling people which there i3 no reason to believe it possesses. During July and August, 1S94, 14,106,615 bushels of wheat were exported from the United States, while during those months In 1SD3 the quantity was 8,537,0S0 bushels. The value of wheat and flour exported during these months in 1831 r?as $1?.816.15. ngalnst 513,128,134 during the corresponding months of 189G a loss of $1,687,341. On the other hand, we have rarely bought so many foreign goods as during the past three or four months. All of which proves that openingNour markets to the world does not cpen the world's markets to us. MBHBaSSSSWBBSSBBBSBBSSBSSlBBSlBSBiSBaBSSSaaaSMaBBBBBBaSaSBBSMa A prominent Spanish-American now in Washington, who is" familiar with conditions in Cuba, says the insurgents are probably waiting, for the "dry season" t'fore putting forth their best efforts. This geason begins with a north wind invariably on Oct. 24, and after that the surface of the country becomes parched end dry, and fields and forests so in flammable as to make wholesale de struction by fire very easy. The pros- I rect of a campaign of Incendiarism Is not pleasant to contemplate, but neither la war in any form, and when people ere fighting for their liberty the end justifies the means. A circular sent out before the election ured everybody to vote the Prohibition t.c'.;et so as to be on the Lord's side. If that Is not sheer blasphemy the result r.oTT that the Lord's fide is very weak, considering that He speaks through ma-;::lti:-i, where the voice of the people is C -i voice of God. A total vote of 247 In rn crrcate vote of 31,751, not quite r.t ur-f.it ths of 1 per cent., does not lndlc!2.a very loud . voice. The Populists .cro not quite as strong, but they laid r: claim "to a monopoly of the mind of t-3 Lord. But for the blasphemy of Its r-run:ption one might really enjoy the lie-cure this toy! Kg with politics c:rm3 to afford these people just as he cr.icys the mimicry of children with trir playthings. r:.y footings of "the thirty-day poll" 7 V'.t Republican committee in this city r? ca follow: Republicans, 13.14.1; zrctn, 18,781; Prohibitionists, 222; ;; tr, Cl; unknown, 1.431. In the ; rrrr- the Democratic figures, - I: !r!crn::i. tvera not much

different from the Republican, showing a Republican plurality of about 1.200 on the whole. By the Republican canvass there is a Republican majority over all of 520. With the exception of Mayor Taggart, who received 17,431 votes, no Democratic candidate received so many votes by from 673 to 1,000 as the Republican poll found for the Democratic party, including no part of the uncertain or unknown vote. Throwing out the votes of the two inconsequential parties and the unknown, the average Democratic vote was JfO below the Republican poll, while the Republican vote was 4.400 below a canvass made on the general political issues. That is, twenty-three Republicans of every one hundred did not go to the polls last Tuesday in this city. CLAYPOOIS CRITICISMS.

Some of the observations of Mr. J. II. Claypool in his communication in yesterday's issue are so wise that they may be committed to memory by-a large number of Republican!. Among those wise suggestions are the following: While the time has not gone by when men by shrewd manipulations may control party conventions, it hs gone by when they can force a ratification or a convention's work at the polls. If the work of that convention does not meet with general approval. The first thing which the supporters of an aspirant for office should ascertain Is whether or not their man is acceptable to the majority of the voters in the party. This can be very easily ascertained. If an aspirant's friends go along, the street and find that half the party voters are opposed to their man they should abandon him, no matter how much they admire him. Fitness for a position 19 sure to count much among Republicans In the; years to come. "A first-class candidate is the best canvasser," said a well-known Republican in this city two or three years ago, and he was right. The first-class, candidate must enjoy popular confidence, must have positive qualifications, and must have a clean record as a faithful party man. If he has held office he must have made a good record. There may be occasions when a man who would make a good officer should see that he cannot be a good candidate. If he is a good party man he will bide, his time. It may be added that the custom of committees in meddling with nominations and in selecting delegations for this or that man is generally mischievous, and should be stopped. The function of the committee is to sustain the organization and direct the campaign work. No power to dictate candidates is conferred upon such committees, consequently whenever they assume it bad results follow. . There is a portion of Mr. Claypool's. criticism which is not so well founded, and that is that the Republican Legislature did not keep its pledges to reduce the burden of taxation. The levy of the last Legislature is less than any of Its Immediate predecessors. The appropriations made for State institutions are less than in previous years. The lobbies of the higher institutions of learning were got rid of for years by a levy of onesixth of a mill. For a State soldiers home, to which both parties were pledged, $75,000 was voted, but this will prove an economical use of money if the Institution is as well managed as it promises to be. To tell the story of Indiana's valor upon the field of Chlckamauga $40,000 was voted. As all the other States have monuments, could Indiana afford to bean exception? The fee-and-salary act is such a measure of contraction that it has caused a very general protest on the part of those who are affected by its provisions. Mr. Claypool has had large experience as a legislator, and as a citizen he has given more attention to State taxation and Institutions than most men, consequently he might make some suggestions upon the subject. . After all, the taxes which are heaviest are those for the city, township and county. - Here is a fruitful topic for candid discussion For the large amounts expended for schools, particularly the higher grades of schools, are the people getting a good return? , A BLOW AT THE UEEK Tilt ST. An order has been issued by the Agricultural Department at Washington that on and after Oct. 22 Mexican beef cattle shall be admitted to the United States free for the purpose of feeding and 'fattening. -The order is aimed at the Chicago Beef Trust, which for some time past has had an iron grip on butchers and meat dealers throughout the -country, and, through them, on the people who buy meat. The trust is said to control about 1,200 wholesale and retail meat markets in different parts of the country, which are supplied , with dressed meat in refrigerator cars built at a cost of $10,000,000. It has about $20.000,000 Invested in markets and from $15,000,000 to $20,000,000 in packing plants. It .slaughters about 4,000,000 cattle a year and handles from 60 to 63 per cent, of all the cattle butchered in the United States. Last spring the price of beef went bounding up at a rate that was very distressing to. those who had to pay meat bills. Beef was almost as high as when . the cow jumped over the moon. Prime cuts were out of sight, and even inferior ones became almost a luxury. Other meats sympathized with beef, the Innocent calf, the harmless sheep and the generally submissive hog all vying in the race of dearness. Various causes were assigned for the advance In ieef, as the hard winters of the last two or three years, destructive storms, severe drought, ; contraction of the Western ranges, diminution of. the supply, and so oh. The real cause was the action of the Beef Trust. Having completed its machinery and preparations the trust turned the screws and the prices of beef and all other meats went up. Thoy ere a little lower now. but still considerably above the normal. The effect of the squeeze has been to make a ar.e majority of the people of the United States pay , tribute to the Beef Tru3t and to turn an enormous stream of wealth Into its treasury. If the temporary free admission of Mexican beef cattle into the United States will break the power. of the Beef Trust it will be to that extent beneficial, but as soon as that result is accomplished the order should be revoked. This country Is abundantly able to produce enough cattle for home consumption at fair and reasonable prices If greedy and conscienceless combinations are not permitted to control and manipulate the market in their own Interest and to the exclusion of farmers and cattle raisers. By the way, why has not Hr. ClsveUsd directed his Attorney-Gen

eral to enforce the anti-trust law against this Chicago "combine" that has been holding up the farmers with one hand and butchers and meat dealers with the other and levying tribute on everybody? STATE II A NIC 3IOXEY AGAIN.

The fact that the Massachusetts Democracy declared in favor of State banks of issue and that the New York convention declared for the redemption and retirement of all government notes shows that the Eastern Democratic leaders and the Cleveland people will repeat their declaration of 1892 in favor of repealing the tax on the notes of State banks. The South wants State banks, and the bankers of the East would like a paper money system,, whjeh would afford them large profits as redemption agents. The Cleveland managers expect to win the South from free coinage for silver by. offering its people the untaxed State bank notes. Free coinage of silver, it will be argued, can be of no use to a section which produces no silver, while the free Issue of notes under State laws affords speculators a money without price and in almost unlimited quantities. The South will then have a money which, to use a phrase of one of its people, "will stay with them." The President is already committed to the scheme of the advocates of State banks of issue. The Cleveland-Carlisle currency scheme sent to the last House and defeated was chiefly in the interest of State banks of issue. It was defeated by Republicans and Northern Democrats. The country has tried the State bank money. If the banks were sound"and would redeem their notes they would not be current' money outside those States, and lejal tender nowhere. But such banks never have been sound, and under general State laws, with State supervision, they never can be made so. In many respects such paper money would be a greater curse to the people than the free coinage of silver. New York and Indiana might have laws which would make the notes issued by their State banks redeemable, but the majority of States would have so lax banking laws that millions of dollars of irredeemable paper money would be put into circulation to become worthless In the hands of the masses who have always been compelled to take the poorer money when there was more than one quality. We must have a national paper as well as national metallic money. Once having had national bank bills, which are good everywhere, the people, in spite of the boycott of Mr. Sovereign, will insist upon having such, notes. Thirty years ago, when the mass of people traveled but little and traffic between sections was largely barter, good State bank notes would have answered, butnow that so many people go from State to State they will not put up with bank notes upon which a discount must be paid in every other State to get notes which will past . Those people who are for State banks of issue are not, in fact, sound-money advocates. Any money which is not good for Its face in all parts of the United States is not sound money. . THE NEW YORK WAY. , The New ,Yorlt law requiring streetrailroad franchises to be sold .at auction to the highest bidder gives rise to some sharp practice among competitors for these properties. The law requires that not less than 3 per cent, of the gross receipts for the first five years and 5 per cent, thereafter shall go to the city. A few days ago a franchise was offered for sale which carried the use for railway purposes of more than twenty miles of streets in the upper part of New York city. There. were three companies competing for it, and the first bid offered one-eighth of 1 per cent, over the legal requirement. Another company advanced this bid to thfee-sixteenths, and 1 the third to five-sixteenths. Then one of the companies dropped out and the other two continued to bid against each other, advancing the bids by fractions of sixteenths, eighths, quarters and halves until 4 per cent, was reached. The bidding at thte rnte continued four hours, when 100 per cent, was reached. The law says "the right. franchise and privilege of )sin,f any street, etc., shall be scld at public auction to the bidder who shall agree to give the city the largest percentage per annum of the gross receipts of that corporation," and the company which had bid 100 per cent, claimed that under this provision it was entitled to the franchise because the bidding could not go any higher. But the city controller and corporirHion, after consultation, concluded to let the bidding go on, and it did so by fractional per- j centages until iT reached 6,975 1-16 per cent, of the gross receipts. At this point the city controller, through sheer fatigue, adjourned the bidding till next day. The highest bid at the time of adjournment was for nearly seventy times the gross receipts of the roads. As no company could afford to pay any such price for the franchise, it Is evident the bids were not in good faith, and that the competing companies were merely bidding for a technical advantage to be used In future litigation. The largest annual import of wool ?r woolen goods, up to last year, was 28C,645,545 pounds. In the past year the Importation reached 440.071,134 pounds in wool and soods. At' the same time that the wool has come in free and the woolen goods at a lower duty, $42,000,000 of revenue, on the basis of the McKinley law, has been thrown away, and bonds have been sold abroad to supply the deficit. . In the matter of the - divorce of Mrs. Amelia Rives Chanler fram her husband there are premonitory symptoms of an avalanche of gush. The plain truth is that an emotional young woman married in haste and repented at leisure. In divorce nomenclature "incompatibility" covers a wide range of faults, but they are generally pretty equally divided. Mrs. Chanler ought not to be encouraged in her attempt to pose as an Injured child of genius. Bl HULKS IX TIIK AIR. Unlearned. Watts Do you understand French? Potts I do, when I speak It myself. Natural. Minnie I wonder if her complexion Is natural? Mamie Well, It is natural for a girl like her to paint, so I suppose it is. Ills Flowing Locks., Harry Foote Ball I have half a notion to resign from the team. Willie Freshman What is up, dear boy? "Bloomln" old guy with a Populist badge on came up to me and shook me by the

hand and asked me how 15 to 1 was com

lng along down in my neighborhood." The Cheerful Idiot. "I see." said the reading boarder, "that Mrs. Amelie Rives-Chanler has got a di vorce. I wonder what was the cause?" "Probably," said the Cheerful Idiot, "she preferred to be the widow "of the quick rather than the dead." ; STATE PRESS OX THE ELECTION. The result yesterday can be charged to Republican blunders. Porter County VI dette. The election of the Democratic candidate for Mayor at Indianapolis' was no doubt largely due to the unpopularity of the Nicholson liquor law.-rGas. City -Journal. The Indianapolis Democrats are crying "victory," "victory-," when there was no victor'. The contest was 'not in any sense a party contest except that the candidates Dore party names. IJlkhart Review. There are "good citizens" who expend so much time In getting Republican Legisla tures to pass temperance laws that they have no strength left with which to assist the party on election day. Terre Haute Tribune. The extensive street improvements now under way, the rebellion against Mayor Denny's strict enforcement of the law and the warm antagonisms to the Nicholson law created an opposition .that carried tne day. Logansport Journal. r . ' The election has proven that when Re publican voters get real mad they will refuse to go to the noils and cast their bal lots. The fact is, the party had a big load to carry, too big, in fact, ana was crusnea under the weight of it. Evansville Journal. The Republican who is not a good enough Republican to vote for General ; Harrison, under any and all circumstances, ought not expect a very cordial support for himself from Republicans when running for office on the Republican ticket. Wabash Trib une. It is a sad commentary on Indianapolis morals, but shows pretty clearly who rules in the large cities of the State. It also demonstrates that a mugwump is not the prcper man to run for an office when the contest is liable to be close. Petersburg Press. , The fact that the Democratic majority on the larger part of the t'.cket at Indianapolis was only about 1,000 proves that had it not been for the unpopularity of the head of the ticket, there would have been no Republican slump in Indianapolis. Terre Haute Tribune. ( 3 . A combination of causes, with unlimited cash paid to Taggart by the brewers all over the State, defeated a man who would have made Indianapolis a good, business Mayor, and elected a man who is so environed that his administration will be a disgrace. Fowler Republican Era. The Indianapolis Journal clearly demon strates that the Democratic victory of Tues day was not due to a general return of the Democrats to their own ranks, but to Indifference on the part of Republicans on account of the unpopularity of the head of the Republican ticket. Richmond Telegram. - ; The Indianapolis election should teach the Republican party throughout the State that there is such a thing as stralshtforward temperance, which -is-all right; and that there Is such a thing as political temperance, which always ends in the defeat of the Republican party. Elwood CallLeader. In cities there is a large class of persons who want great freedom in the saloon traffic. Temperance stands but little show in the large cities, and if morality and observance of the Sabbath is to prevail throughout the State, people in the rural districts' regardless of party affiliation will have to vcte to' down the bummer element of the cities. Corydon Republican. The result of the Indianapolis election is taken by some Democrat's,' and indeed by some Republicans to'm'dlcate a revulsion of public sentiment in favor of the Democratic party. There was no national or State question In the Indianapolis contest. The issues were purely local. We see nothing discouraging to Republicans in the Indianapolis election. Union City .Eagle. Truslers defeat has little political significance in it. The issues were local and personal. Truster has been too closely allied with machine politics and was personally an unpopular man. ,fTaggart has always been genial and unpopular- While Trusler would no doubt have given the city a cleaner, better and wiser administration, he was not the man to lead in a race for an elective office. -Anderson. Herald. The Tribune believes it is , essential to future success in Indiana to look at the result of Tuesday's election in Indianapolis as of more than mere local importance not that it is significant of the political undercurrent of the whole State we cannot concede that, but ! it points out just wherein the greatest dangers lie to Republican success, and thus affords an opportunity for setting remedial Influences at work 'at once. It also shows the folly of choking1 unpopular candidates down the throat of the party I simply to perpetuate the powers of the "ins," thus forcing a nght within the ranks of the party itself. ; Hammond Tribune. The result was not 'a surprise to those who watched the causes. The Republicans nominated a man for Mayor that did not support Harrison In 1832, and there were a great many voters -who felt that they were under no obligations to him from that standpoint. Another reason that contributed to Republican defeat was that the Denny administration was one that forced law and order. Denny shut up the gambling houses, forced the saloons to close on Sundays, prevented Sunday baseball games, until !t was the boast of the city that on the last Fourth of .July there was, practically, not a drunk man in the city. This caused business jnen'of a number of avocations to suffer, financial loss, such as breweries, restaurant keepers, cabmen, etc. Then other influences contrived to turn many people against the Republican candidate. Tom Taggart, the Democratic candidate, is a very popular man, he mixes with the boys, is a genial and llbwal fellow, hast money and spends it. This aided him. and when you combine all these influences, nothing on . earth can beat it. Tipton Advocate. TURKISH FIRE I1RIC3ADE. The Enffluc Consists of a Hand Pump Supported' on Poles. Cassier's Magazine. V. A Turkish fire engine consists simply of a hand pump, supported on two long poles, and carried on the . shoulders of four of the firemen. The latter make a great show of haste. They run at a brisk trot, and keep shouting and yelling all the way. pushing rudely aside all wayfarers who are unlucky enough to get in their line of march. But, tn truth, Turks are seldom in a hurry. It may be that their speed, on afttting out. is stimulated more by the expectation of being able to levy "backsheesh," if they are early Of the scene, than by an ardent desire to quench fire. The clothing they wear Is white, and their lower limbs and feet are bare; consequently their progress is noiseless but for the yells they emit as they push along. There is a high tower in Stamhoul and another on the other side of the Golden Horn at Galata. both of which display flags on the alarm of fire, The flags are supposed to indicate the locality of the fire, but as several localities are sometimes enlivened by fires about the same time, these Indications cannot always be very explicit. If fires break out during the night the Bekjies (night watchmen) take up the cry and bawl out with discordant Intonation where the Are Is supposed to be. When the formidable company of firemen with the hand pump arrive on the scene of conflagration the bachi first of all calls at the contiguous houses, as yet untouched by fire, and endeavors to extort backsheesh for the exertions his men are about to make to save property. And wo betide those who admit those rascals! For the furniture is dragged out into the street, and if the household goods are not plundered there, they are probably destroyed beyond recovery The writer has been told that householders generally prefer to bolt their iron doors and shut their Iron shutters rather thanglve access to those plundering ruffians. Their extinguishing apparatus is generally of little avail. There are water pips throughout the principal streets of Pera, but fire plugs are not numerous, and if the fire should be In an outlying district. Where -water can only be obtained from welhg it is easy to understand that any efforts these "pompiers" may be able to make are of very little account. Klndlr Adrlrr. Kansas Cty Journal. Our Democratic friends should not make the mistake of regarding the city of Indianapolis as the people of the United States.

TWO FOES OF SLAVERY THEY WERE FAITIIFl'L SERVANTS OF THE lDERGROl .D RAILROAD. George Falrchlld's Devoted Life and Traffic Death Ilansoa Crnlc A f , Shrewd Quaker Abolitionist. New York Tribune. During the period of most active conten tion against the institution of American slavery, a few years preceding the civil war, the writer's home was in the West. Therefore, he c mot, from personal knowl edge, say how far the underground rail road was popularly understood or regarded in the East. But from what he has since le'arned he is inclined to think tnat the East knew very little about it, the men concerned in it, the methods, or its impor tance as a factor in bringing about the conditions that made emancipation of the slaves inevitable. Even good Abolitionists in the East favored words more than deeds, A more virile forcefulness animated the Western spirit. Moral convictions In the East produced orators; in the West, heroes and martyrs It is not strange that the Eastern public should have. known little about the under ground railway. Proslavery newspapers habitually represented the men engaged in it as rather worse than the road agents of the Western wilds or the head-hunters of Borneo, and the few journals that dared to manifest anti-slavery predilections either affected to treat the underground railroad as a myth or timidly deprecated the law Iessness of the acts ascribed to its agents. And who might say less for himself than the underground ' railroad man, even had he dared to set himself right In popular es timation? Surrounded in the North by ene mles ready to imprison him and in the South by foes hot to kill him; conscious mat ne was. practica lv single-handed. fighting a battle to the death against the social, capitalistic, religious, political, legal and military forces of the Nation, he was naturally diffident about inviting attention to his personality, or telling what he might oe aoing. , . At no Point" on the hrtrrtr 1ln ltwocn the free and slave States was the work or me underground railroad better systematized or more active than In Cincinnati, and the writer's associations. onA of-. family of conscientious Abolitionists, made mm to some extent a participator In Its operations and brought him into intimate acquaintance with a number of its most devoted, vigorous and daring agents. Among those -men were twd one white, the other black whom he recalls with sincere affection and admiration for their heroic courage and self-abnegation, and now that time has mollified the regard in which their deeds were once held bv the unsympathetic multitude, it seems fitting that an effort should be made to save their memories from oblivion. GEORGE FAIRFIELD. The white man known to the Cincinnati Abolitionists as George Fairfield was a Virginian, son of an old, aristocratic family of wealthy slave owners, and In his youth had been trained to deem masterhood his birthright. He had already been several years in the underground railroad service when he came to Cincinnati, but was still a young man. Of medium height, or, per haps, even a little less, he w;ould not have been remarked by casual observers as an exceptionally strong man, yet few professional athletes are so Perfect in their phys ical development as he was. His eyes were of a pale, steel-blue tint, pleasant and even merry when h was in good humor, simply rerocious when nis temper was aroused. Energy and determination were indicated by his broad, square Jaw, but, as a whole, his features were regular and their expulsion frank and pleasing. His hair was brown, fine and naturally curly, and he habitually kept .it cropped short, to ac commodate a wig. which was often an im portant part of the disguises he assumed. His original disposition u one might Judge from his physiognomy was probably Impetuous and rather demonstrative," but experience has schooled him to repression until he had become reserved and retiring in manner. It was very difficult to draw from him any relation qf his exploits, and simply impossible to get him to speak of any contemplated undertaking. Necessity for caution had given him a habit of mys tery. When ne was in the city certain friends knew where to find him at almost any moment, but a stranger would have been much puzzled to discover his address, which was hardly ever the same two days together. And then he was likely to disappear suddenly and be. gone for a month or more. When he returned from those absences he would often bring with him handbills and placards printed at various places in the South, offering rewards of rrom to i;W ror "his head. d?ad or alive.' Those things seemed to amuse him anl he made a collection of them. IN THE ENEMY'S COUNTRY. For most men the provisions of the fugi tive slave law infused a satisfying amount of risk into carrying through the so-called free States of fugitives who had managed to bring themselves across the border from the South. But that was too tame for George Fairfield, who seemed to love dan ger for its own' sake. The greater part of his work was done south of Mason and Dixon's line; often very much south, even as far down as Alabama, and most of those rewards for his head were mementoes of trips to Tennessee. His solitary but highly effective invasions of the sacred soil were almost always at the instance of some former slave, who. having himself escaped to frdnm. was able to na v at least rart of the expenses of a man daring to go to his old home and bring away a wife, child or some beloved relative or friend. Few were able to themselves defray the entire cost of such an enterprise, even though it involved not one dollar beyond actual expenses, but means were never lacking, and thoe who providea tnem aeemea tnemselves repaid by the fact that George alwavs brought away more fugitives than tne one or two for whom he might have been specially sent. Sometimes, when such definite engagements were lacking, his defire for excitement to vary the monotony of existence would start him off in search of slaves who might be glad of "help to run away, and then he always went to some place where his head nad been in urgent request, and the results of his recurrent visit would surely exasperate slave-owners to frenzy. . .... . George Falrflekl possessed rare skill in concealment of his personality. He not onlv "made himself up." as the actors say. to look an assumed character, but seemed able to submerge and lose his individuality in the role he played, and was equally at ease in either of a number of carefully studied impersonations. His moral percep tions, mental processes, modes of express lHaA t a. 6 hJ sion ana even iiuuuauuiu ui vuit: nu seemingly unaonsclous tricks of manner and gesture were in every case distinctive of the man he pretended to be, and were never by any accident transferred from one assumption to another. The wandering Campbelllte Baptist exhorter was his favorite disguise, ani no genuine one could preach a more moving ermon than he, surpass rim in iervency or prayer or lead the hymns with greater earnestness and vocal ability. Again and again he was the prime mover in highly successful revival meetings, and many sinners were callel to repentance and caused to kneel at the "mercy Beat" by his fervid appeal. And upon each occasion the sudden disap pearance of tne exnorter, a mysterious exodus of human chattels and great ex citement and rage among despoiled masters were inevitable results. Sometimes he was a Connemara man. looking for work or a -place to settle, and occasionally, when it would best serve his ends In reaching peculiarly situated persons he resumed his old, true personality, as the prodigal son of an aristocratic Virginia family, a retroversion that was by this time as complete a disguise as any other he could have assumed. Whatever the mask In which he appeared to disarm the vigilant suspicion of the whites with whom he came in contact, he never feared to make himself known to the blacks. Hid den somewhere about h'm he always carried a halved coin, a scrap of textile fabric, or some other simple token that was his voucher from the one who had gone before to the one he had come to rescue, such de vices being the common recourse of a people whom it was, by law-, a felony to Instruct in the use of letters. The Implicit faith with which he was Invariably re ceived as the bearer of such a token was worthily matched by his perfect confidence that not even torture could wring from the faithful souls who knew nis mission the secret of his Identity, and it Is gratifying to know that never once was his trust be tray cl. j A "NIGGER STEALER" CAUGHT. A dramatic incident in which George Fair field was an Involuntary but efficient actor is worth narration as illustrative cf ths

deadly perils he dared and the- desperate measures to which he was at times compelled. It happened in a little town in Tennessee, a State that seemed to have a fatal fascination for him. possibly because "his head, dead or alive." had been more In demand there than elsewhere. He was at the time playing his best part, that of an exhorter, and actually began a series of revival meetings when suspicion of his real character was awakened. It was sail that he fitted the description of a "nigger stealer" for whom, a few months before, a larjre reward had been offered In an adjacent county. By preconcerted arrangement half a dozen strong men, taking an opportunity when he was eating his supper and off his guard, pounced suddenly upon him and made him a prisoner before he could offer any effective resistance. Upon searching blm they found a pair of heavilyloaded Colt's revolvers In his belt and a big. keen bowle knife in one of his boots. Without having any precise ideas as to the necessary outfit for a soldier of the church militant, they assumed that his armament was more befitting a "pestiferous nigger thief" than a "meek and lowly follower of the Lamb." and forthwith threw him Into jail, abruptly cutting short the promising work of grace in the revival field. A rider was dispatched in haste to the town about thirty-five miles distant where his evangelist's head was supposed to be wanted, and. pending the return of the messenger, the community rejoiced in the exhilarating hope of hanging its captive on the morrow. The little jail was of the common Southern type, a low stone structure, containing a block of narrow, ill-ventilated stone cells, surrounded by a corridor. As the weather was warm and the cells rather full, the prisoners were allowed to leep in the corridor. Fairfield lay near one of the gratings, cogitating upon the situation long after all the other Inmates seemed to be sound asleep. , His keen hearing made him aware of a gentle scratching upon the outside of the prison wall near the second grating beyond him. It ceased, and after a little pause sounded again, one step nearer. He waited, listening intently, and presently heard it repeated, this time close by his head. By a low "sst" he responded to the Fignal, as he correctly understood the sound to be, and in reply heard the faintly whispered query, VWho Is you?" "The preacher," he answered In the same tone. "Who are you?" "A slave, who'd like- to help you, sah." "Can you- get c for me- a bar of Iron two feet long and an inch thick?" "Yes, sah; plenty I run in de blacksmlf shop." "Good. Get it and pass it in FC' A MUSCULAR CHRISTIAN. In the early morning the evangelist walked to and fro in the corridor with his arms folded beneath the long, threadbare blue cloak that was one of the most effective features of his makeup, and in his right hand he gripped the iron bar. As he walked he sang with a devotional f error that seemed to render him temporarily oblivious to his dismal surroundings: 'Jesus, my all. to heaven is gone. Him whom I fix my hopes upon. His traok I see and I'll pursue" The Jail door was thrown open and the Jailer a big, burly, brutal bully entered, rattling his bunch of keys, and shut the iron portal behind him with a clang. His morning salutation to the singer was an ingenious combination of an oath, an epithet, an insult too foul for repetition and a promise of seeing him hanged before noon. - But for the insult he would perhaps have been allowed to live; that put him beyond grace. "The heavenly way till Him I view," continued the exhorter's song. In that Instant the insult was uttered. Just as the two men met, and in the next instant th Jailer fell to the floor with his skull shattered as if it had been an eggshell. He was dead before the clash of his keys on the stone flagging ceased echoing. Fairfield took up the keys, opened the jail door and coolly told the prisoners to "get out," which they promptly old. The hour was still so early that they scattered and escaped in all directions without being observed. Their liberation was part of the "nigger stealer's" revenge on the community that had hoped to hang him, but not all. In defiance of the frantic efforts that were made for-his recapture he remained for a fortnight hidden in a swa.np w ithin three J II m 1 a 1 . 1 m T mues oi ine town, guaruea ana ioa oy negroes, while he deliberately perfected bis arrangements for getting together and taking away with him the largest gang of fugitives ever run off in one body from the South before the war, and. every one of them got sareiy to. Canada. FAIRFIELD'S THEORY OF. COURAGE. It was hard to loam whether George" Fairfield had any of what are commonlv known as "religious opinions," excepting that he believed in the existence of God, but the God of his conception had points not universally recognized in . orthodox teachings, to say the least. The one article of faith concerning his concept of thar Deity in which he had most profound con fidence was that God respected and pro tected a .brave man for his bravery, irre spective of the cause of its demonstration. and would never allow him to be killed In fight, whatever might be the odds against him, so long as no shade or taint of cow ardice entered his soul. It was, he believed, only when a thought. of craven nersonal fear touched the fighter's heart th.ir In Instant punishment for his unworthlness, death was permitted to strike him down. One is compelled, however, to look upon George Fairfield's death as a com plete refutation of his theory. ne naa gone to a little town in the Iron mountains of Tennessee to take away the wife of a black man who had escaned to Canada two or three years before. It was a dangerous place for Mm, for the tavern doors and crossroads were still decorated with rewards for his head, "dead or alive." as a consequence or a rorrner successful visit. But that fact. Instead of dissuading him, probably tempted him, for he seemed to love desperate chances. Someone recognised him, and his arrest was attempted But he could no longer be caught off m i guard, and would not be taken alive. The J moo ciosea about nim a he stood at bav i wun nis oacK agamsi a waiL and. when he laughed at the summons to surrender. urea at nim vouey arter volley of pistol shots. As long as a charge was left in his revolvers, his will and the wall held him erect, and he continued shooting to kill. inougn it was marvelous that he could still stand, mortally wounded as he had been again and again. At last, when his pistols were empty and hurled In the faces of his foes, when the red rain from his many wounds had drained the sight from his eyes, and he felt himself about to fall, he gathered all his forces for a final supreme effort, and springing blindly forward, ciutched the first throat upon which his hand fell, and went down, dead, with h's knife burled in the heart of the man he had siezed. They had killed him. but ine last nornnea gno&t ne took with him to the nether shades left . the eighth corpse that lay before where he had stood. HANSON CRAIG. The black liberator was Hanson Craig, who voluntarily remained, a slave during fourteen years, when freedom was his for the taking at any time, simply that he might, by arduous, self-sacrificing .'toil and n constant danger, help others, to be free. The man who claimed ownership of him lived in Kentucky,, about a dozen miles back of Covington. He was rich,, not a hard task-master and seems to have re garded . Hanson with especial confidence and favor. Very often weekly during certain seasons the black man was trusted to go alone to Cincinnati with a four-horse wagCTi load of farm produce,, deliver It to cpmrrrisjlon merchants there and oarrv back its value. In cash, to hi maeter. In the course or his. visits to the free -city ne soon leamea tne existence there of men who sympathized with him and his people, did not believe in the rightfulness of slavery and were willing and ready to give effective aid .to fugutive slaves In the flight for liberty. From the time he be came acquainted with those men he de voted himself heart, soul and body to the service of the Underground Railroad. Al most every time he came to Cincinnati he arranged fcr the reception and forwarding toward Canada of one or more fugitives whom he would engage to bring at a set time to the southern bank of the Ohio river at a point agreed upon. .That un dertaking meant no little toil and danger for him in every instance. After the horn was blown at night and all the slaves on his master's plantation were suppored to be in their quarters and they were liable to severe punishment If they were caught out he would stealthily leave his cabin and travel one, two or even three miles to meet the fugitives. Then would follow the long and tiresome journey to the river, over a dozen miles by the road, but much further in the way he was forced to travel. Wide, detours had to be made to avoid farms where particularly vigilant and ravage dogs were kept, or to keep from meeting patrol. Sometime It was neces5ary to walk a considerable distance in the bed of a running stream to cut off the trail from pursuing dogs. Occasionally, when helping away a mother anxious to join her husband who had already escaped. Hanson would have to carry a heavy child all that distance. Arriving finally at the river he would, by throwing stones far out in the darkness covering the water, ca'l In a waiting skiff, set his charges aboard it and. having bidden them "godspeed" in their flight, would trudge back the long and weary way to his cabin. happy if he was able to reach it before dvbreak.. That night of arduous self-im

posed labor, it will be remembered., waa preceded and succeeded by days of hard farm work from tunrise until after sunset generally, yet so marvelous were h'. powers of endurance that he was never known to show weariness. SUFFERING IN THE CAUSE. Although he was too cautious and cunning to be caught, Hanson did not sucreel In evading suspicion. It was remarked that he was seen in earnest conversation wlti several slaves, each of whom shortly after ward mysteriously disappeared, and one day several neighbors called upon his master to demand that HansJn should b flogged to make him confess his gailt. It was a request that could not well bo refused if the master wished to maintain .peaceful relations with his neighbors, to ,he gave a reluctant consent and Hanson was cruelly whipped. The torture, of course, wrung nothing from him. He knesr that if he confessed he would be deemed; too dangerous a slave to be kept in a border State, and could expect nothing els than immediate sale to the far tfouth. where he might no longer venture to hopo for some day attaining freedom for himself and where he could never aalit hel; another to be free. So he would have died Under the lash rather than have uttered a word. When the whipping was ended and th neighbors had gone away Hanson's master. Who felt that an injustice had been don him. and desired to make some amends ror it, voluntarily promised that his will wonlj at his death make Hanson fn-e. That promise was kept, but not until twelve years Uter. and all that time this humble hero continued his service of self-sacrifice with undiminished ardor, but with greater caution than at the beginning of it. LEVI COFFIN, THE QUAKER. :Mention of the fugitives brought to tho river by Hanson Craig recalls a little incident happily Illustrative of the wit. boldness antl resourcefulness with which .tha work of the Underground Hallroad was carried on In Cincinnati. The gentle Quakers were everywhere stanch and valuabla allies of the fugitive slave and In tha worthy Society of Friends leavening th good "Queen City of the West" nono wera more liberal and personally helpful In tho work of emancipation than the wealthy grocer Levi Coffin, His store was at Sixth and Elm streets, while his home, which was one of the principal stations of tli Underground Railroad, was over and behind it, fronting upon George street. Or fine sprint? morning Mr. Coflln stood before his store door, . and, lazilr stretching5 his arms above his head. Indulged in a long and satisfying yawn. At that moment a Peari-6treet shoe merchant cam In tflght of him. He. was one of tr "Northern men with Southern principles.' sometimes called "dough faces." who- toadled to slaveholders, and got out the famou "black list." branding their bCiness rivals as "Abolition houses." for circulation hi the outh. As the shoe dealer and the grocer met the former sail, bantertiuly: "You seem sleepy this morning. Mr.' Coffin. You must have been out rather to late last night, over in Kentucky steallnj niggers." "Oh. no." replied Mr. sCoffln. with an amiable smile. "We ha;i no occasion to go to Kentucky for theX; thfv romc t3 us."; - 1 ' '

"Oh, they do, eh? Is that so? view. d ycu, know I've always had a curiosity to meet a fugitive, and yet I never have, to my knowledge, seen one." "Indeed! Would you like to ee of.eT "Would I? Yes. indeed:" and as he spoke his eves twinkled with cupidity, for h knew ihat the reward commonly onred for a runaway tlavo was a sum that would, in his estimation, be worth getting by anv base and contemptible actlcn. He thought alr3 how rclld it would make him with h Southern customers if he should make himself instrumental In catching a futritlv slave. The shrewd Quaker. read in his n enn fat s If it had been an open book what was in h'.s mlnrt. but without hesitancy or apparent suspicion replied: "Very well; thee can do so. If thee will accompany ma around to my hou-." ' "I'll do that willingly." ' , As they walked along together the Tearlstreet merchant grew facetiou. and asked, "Do vou hide him in the garret, or keep mm as uygi-y in ui- v-iirn "Neither." answered th? Quaker with! simple gravity. "We 'feel that he Is a brother man in much distress and enlfayor to treat him kindly, treating him while he remains with us ae cue of uur family.' Even the pachydermatous soul of the Intending Judas felt the gentle reproof conveyed in the tone rather than the words, and he did not speak. e?ain until after they had entered the houe. THE DOUGH FACE 1)1 TED. As r. Coffin, leading the way, laid his hand upon the knob of the door separating the parlor from the ramiiy mting loom where the- fugitive was he turned to his companion and said: "This poor MacJo man after hair a urettmc or unrequited lo.i in the service of a hard master possesses nothing but the clothes in which he stands. And he hath before him a long and perilous Journey, that. .even with the best we can da to help, will be full of hardship for him, ending in his reachlng-lf all gors well a strange land, where he must in some wise live. Therefore we expect that these who see him should afford him come financial aid." ... m--"Certainly. That's only fair. ImwIIlirff to help," responded the merchant, taking a wallet from his pocket. "I thought thee would do so. but there need e no haete. Walt until thee has heard his story and then give him wnt thy heart prompts." t- w. Kont rrxvm thev found the fn(tltive, a good-lookir.g. middle-aged negro, who was frightened and nervous at the sight of a new white face, until .Mr. Corfin assured him there was no oceasicri for fear and called upon him to tell who he was ana ine pj 1, '' ' reserve. He obeyed, concealing nothing, and. the merchant secretly rejoiced ever the thought of how very sure lie was of get'henenarJatlve ended Mr. Coffin said: "Now thee has heard the man s needs from r his own lips. fand can give him what thee dthout1hesitation the amateur detectlva drew a two-dollar Mil from his pocket and placed it in the negro s hand. Then trm Quaker and his guest left the room . A they stood together In . the parlor . with the door closed behind them Mr. orfin laid his hand upon his companion shoulder and said, smilingly: "Now. friend. gVth1 alook of Insolent triumph the man replied. "Well, why not?" . "Simply because, knowing thi3 man to be a bondsman escaping from his master serv ice. thee has given him aid and comfort. -and thereby laid thyself liable under the hurrying away. He anew inai. might escaj the law's penalty should he ieFve as informer he would be so rialruled and badgered by persons who fncM there was something funny in etich a trKk that life would be a burden to him. a .d U.e valuable knowledge . he had so eas talned he never disclosed. flTt he Quaker took no chances on him. j I .(thin an hour after he had had his .ittie joke the fugitive. In full livery. at on in. ivl: e private carriace as a family carhrnan driving to one of the stations s of Lilian ....... ------- - , . . the Underground rauroaa, a- . - of town on the Hamilton turnpike. Dnnu Hod Ilrooli Farm. Buffalo Courier. There has been a general lmPrw'on.l??i Mr. Dana was unwilling to talk .about xh Brook farm experiment, and many haxe hn the rerets expressed that n couia Sot induced to publish his rrojiection. of his experience in that community rerh&ps the case is not so hopeless after all. A reference by Mr. Howe Is to Brook farm, as a "disastrous failure has lcd Mr. Dana to protest that every cent of wui community's debt was paid, thanks esi--clally to the devotion of Mr. Ripley, anl that the immediate cause of winding up the experiment was the burning of the, phalanstery on the very eve of its completion. This statement will only whet th public appetite for an extended account of the experiment as it looks to.ilr. Dana'a eyes after all these years. - S BS MSBSB S 4( Flas for ColnV Ptti'ul. St. Louis Republic. " ". A horoscope of the situation 'lends q tht belief that if a flag has to be erected under the Illinois law over that ' financial school of Mr. Coin It will be run up by the auctioneer. Vnpnrnllelrd Cheek. Boston Journal. That's a fir piece of cheek, asking the railroads for reduced fares to the reception to Mr. Debt on hi release rrom JiiL It ought to be pickled for preservation. lie Tnl km for Itevenae. Doston Journal. Colonel Insers bit Christianity more Inspiring year by year. 1 ll still ta'.k and talk. ifcomM a mor vital and art or human cxistenca

provision or the rugitive iae . fine and six months' imprisonment. . You1 d-d old sharper!" exclaimed ino