Indianapolis Journal, Indianapolis, Marion County, 7 January 1895 — Page 4

THE INDIANAPOLIS ircfGRNALr MONDAY, JANUARY 7, 185.

THE DAILY JOURNAL MONDAY. JANUARY 7. 180.1. WASHINGTON OFFICE -1410 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE Telephone Calls. Bniior-a Office 238 t ditorlal Kooms 242 TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. ' DAILY BY MAIL. Pnlly only, one month $ .70 Jaily only, three mouths.. 2.0C) Laily only, one year .. H.00 Jiaily. including Sumlay, one year.............. 10.00 fciimlay only, one year 2.00 WHES FUR.V.SHED BY AGENTS. Paily per week, by carrier. ...IS eta Sumlay, fiiiifcl copy.... 5 eta lniiy and bunilay, per week, by carrier 2u eta WEEKLY. Per year $1.00 Reduced Rates to Clubs. Subscribe with any of our numerous agents or aend ubttcriptiona to the JOURNAL NEWSPAPER COMPANY, Indianapolis, Ind. Persons sending the Journal through the mails in the United States ehonld put on an eiht-paiie aier S ONE-ce:'T pontage utanip: on a twelve or Btxteenpage paper a two-ce.nt postage stamp. Foreign postage ia usually double these rates. PT'All communications intended for publication in this paper mnst, in order to receive attention, be accompanied by the name and address of the writer. " TUB IXDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL Can be found at the following place PA Kl 8 American. feichanpe in Paris, 30 Boulevard - 1e Oaimcliies. NEW YOKK Gilsey House, Windsor Hotel and Astor House. JH 1 LAD KLPHIA A. P. Kemble, cor. Lancaster ave.and BariiiK st. . CHICAGO Palmer House. Auditorium Hotel and P. O. Kews Co., yi Adams street. v CINClNTNATI-J. It. Hawley & Co, 154 Vine at. LOUISVILLE C. T. Peering, northwest corner of Third and Jefferson sts., aud Louisville Book Co., 85H Fourth avc. B'i' LOUIS Union News Company, Union Depot. WASHINGTON, D. C Kigga House, Ebbittnonse. Wiilard'a Hotel and the Washington News Exchange, 14th. street, bet. Penn. avc. and F street. In the contests for' the few places which the Legislature has at its disposal may high-minded and cleanhanded men win-

Asain the Journal remarks that the bill which the House should tuke up and pass is one which would put $10,000,000 a month of additional revenue into the treasury. ' . Kere;and there a friend of the administration Is coming to the conclusion .that the government needs revenue to pay daily expenses rather than a currency bill. The incoming Senate and House will be quite certain to select for their clerks men of such honor and integrity that they will not sell themselves to a lobby to hide bills and desert their places. If it should turn out that the President and Senator Hill have become friends of the Pythias and Damon variety then there are no foes so old or so bitter that they may not be reconciled. Some Democratic magnate in Washington is talking of increasing the revenue by putting a tax of 2 cents, in the form of a stamp, upon all bank, checks. That was a war measure of tae bepub- ' licans. Mr. David A. Wells declares the income tax unconstitutional in the Forum. Nevertheless, as a matter of form, the decree must come from the Supreme Court of the United States to make It binding. The election of such men as Representative Burrows, of Michigan, to the United States Senate is a serious rebuff for those persons who declare that money rather than Qualification wins senatorial honors. If the country should judge the administration by the quality of the 2-cent postage stamps it has caused to be Issued by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing the conclusion would be that it is a very cheap affair. , The Washington correspondent of the Atlanta (Ga.) Constitution expresses the opinion that Mr. Cleveland's alleged quarrel with the New York bankers is a myth, and that the report of it has been exploited to inflate the presidential boom of Mr. Carlisle. A caucus of Democratic Congressmen will be held this afternoon at 3 o'clock to try and devise some means of saving the party from death by softening of the brain. The early hour set for the caucus indicates that a long and stormy session is expected, and this expectation wiU probably be realized. Why should not President Cleveland and Senator Hill "make up?" Neither has gained anything by the fight, and both have been caught in the same political cyclone. The President saw Hill defeated in New York and the latter saw the administration rebuked throughout the country. They can both "afford to be charitable. Canaigre is the name of the new agent for tanning hides, and it Is a plant which can be successfully grown in the Indian Territory, Utah, Texas. New Mexico and California; but the tanning agent which the Democracy found so effective last November seemr to flourish in all the Northern and some of the Southen. States. The people at large have no interest in the conflict between the President with his State banks of issue bill and the bankers with their Baltimore plan. Both are defective, and even if one is better than the other, neither will give the people a paper currency such as they demand, namely, one which has a dollar of quick assets in the hands of the government for every dollar bill issued. Is it possible that the story in administration circles to the effect that the New York bankers demanded the retirement of Mr. Carlisle is a canard invented to rally f?r the State bank currency bill all those in the House who desire to appear hostile to Wall street? The fact that banker Morgan emphatically declares that he was never in the movement against Mr. Carlisle is calculated to cause suspicion. In December, 1874, after the Republicans had been beaten in the election' in November, and after the Republican Congress had' been wasting months in fruitless discussion over schemes to expand the currency, a conference of the leading members of both branches agreed upon the famous Sherman resumption act as a compromise. It was not satisfactory to a large number, but all felt that it would not do for the Republican party to go out of power In Congress confessing to the country- inability to solve the financial question. The East feared the proposition for free banking, which was limited In volume by the law then In force, and the West was opposed to immediate specie re

sumption. The resumption bill made na- J

tional banking free and fixed the date for specie resumption four years in advance. The bill was carried through the Senate by Republican votes without much discussion before the holiday recess and sent to the House, where it was made a special order for Jan. 7, 1873. and on that day passed under an order for the previous question without discussion. Several Eastern Republicans voted against it, but it was carried as a party measure. Time has vindicated the wisdom of its framers and the party which enacted it. If the Democrats in the House were such a party as was the Republican at that time they could pass a currency bill which would be acceptable to the country. Unfortunately the party is without such leaders and men. Among the Senators .who gave the measure sturdy support was Oliver P. Morton. A CASE OF IXCOXSISTEXCY. In an address to the Commercial Travelers' Club Saturday evening Senator Haggard, o Lafayette, denounced' the policy of nonpartisan management of public institutions in unmeasured terms. Yet the Senator is the author of a bill which he will champion in the Legislature creating a State soldiers' home which declares that "but three of the five trustees shall be of one political party." ' If a nonpartisan board is desirable for one benevolent institution of the State why not for all the rest? If it is better to have three men who are Republicans and two who are Democrats or vice versa, in control of the State soldiers home why is it not better to have both parties represented on all the other boards? To be consistent Senator Haggard must either strike the limitation out of his soldiers' home bill or he must practically retract his speech. If he insists on the policy he has announced of ignoring the pledges of the party made in State and county conventions then he 'should strike out of the soldiers home bill the provision making the board of managers nonpartisan, since if partisan boards can better manage hospitals and prisons such a board will be better for the proposed soldiers' home. The Journal believes in keeping the party p.ledges. If the Legislature elected upon these pledges ignores one of them it will cause itself to be distrusted in respect to all others. The partisan control which Senator Haggard demands for all the charitable institutions except the proposed soldiers' home means that the directors will be chosen by the Legislature, which in turn means that the men who are most eager for the positions will be likely to get them. Under that system Democratic legislatures selected the men least fitted for such positions chronic place seekers who had neither capacity nor integrity. Several of the trustees chosen by Democratic legislatures were either drooped or forced to resign because of their incapacity and lack of common honesty, and not one in Ave were such men as were fit to have a voice in the direction of institutions expending tens of thousands of dollars of public money. The chances are that caucus selections by a. Republican Legislature would be ' far from being the best which could be made, for the reason that such a large body, with more legitimate business than It has time for, cannot investigate the character and qualifications , of a score of applicants. Such a method would make it quite impossible to rai.je the standard of qualifications for su?h responsible positions. To direct Kn h.stitution expending tens of thousxnds of dollars requires as much busine.53 experience and capacity as it does to manage any large business. Such men will not lobby about the Legislature and make combinations to obtain an election. There are those who will, and those who will are generally not such men as .can give the State the service it should have. . There are two or three institutions in charge of nonpartisan boards, notably the Reform School. It is one of the best managed institutions in the State. Its board of trustees is a business board. The superintendent was elected for four years by a board of which the majority were Republicans, and he and the greater part of his subordinates hold their places not because they are members of a party, but because they are efficient and faithful. The Journal has every reason to believe that it is the purpose of the majority in the Legislature to keep the party pledges and to require that the best men in both parties shall be trustees of the penal and benevolent Institutions, and not confine the nonpartisan policy to the board created by Senator Haggard's' bill to establish a State soldiers' home. FOREIGN PROTESTS AOAIXST AMERICAN POLICIES. The administration .has new trouble on its hands in the protests of the French and German governments against ' the stationing of American medical officers on their soil as a means of carrying out Sour quarantine laws. The case as stated in a Washington dispatch is as follows: When there seemed to be great danger of the introduction of cholera into the United States last summer medical officers were placed at the principal European ports, and. under the terms of the act of 1893, they1 were required to make sure that the vessels clearing for the United States were free from all traces of disease. Naturally the requirements of these officers were very unwelcome to the steamship companies and finally the French government protested against the attendance of our medical representatives. The Germans did not go so far at the time, but they resented the operation on their poll of agents of foreign governments who were not clothed with diplomatic powers. In the end they protested strongly and now have gone so far as to intimate that if the provisions of pending legislation which contemplate a still further extension of the inspection; principle to Immigrants is carried out they' will not permit them to operate. There is some reason in the position assumed by the' foreign governments, but there is reason to fear that it is assumed merely .as a pretext for ulterior purposes. At the threshold of any discussion of the subject there should be recognized the indisputable right of every government to make and enforce its own immigration laws so far as they relate to its own territory. Every government has a right to say what people or classes of people may enter the country and under what conditions. The exercise of the right involves responsibility and the risk of provoking retaliation or ill will on the part of other j governments, but the right is indis putable. European governments exercise it in one form or another continually. - The right to establish " and enforce Quarantine regulations Is quite as clear a3 the 'right , to regulate foreign immigration, and no government would think

ke the other, has limitations arid be exercised with discretion. As a question . of international law it could hardly be claimed that one government has a. right, without an understanding to that effect, to station its officials or agents on the soil of another government forthe purpose of enforcing either, immigration or quarantine laws. Ministers and ' consuls may . be charged with certain duties in this behalf, but they are regularly accredited to and recognized by; the foreign governments where they are stationed, and their righ to act in such matters cannot be questioned so long as they do not contravene treaty stipulations, But the case of an unaccredited agent charged with the performance of certain duties on foreign soil without permit or recognition from the government is quite different. The national quarantine law passed in 1893 authorizes the President in his discretion "to detail any medical officer of the government to serve in the office of the consul at any foreign port for the purpose of furnishing information and making the inspection and giving the bills of . health hereinbefore mentioned." It is true the medical officer is to act under the direction of the consul, but as an official be is not recognized by the government on whose soil he is stationed. , jj On its face, therefore, the protests -of the Frencfl and German governments against the stationing of American medical officers in French and German ports to perform certain duties under !6ur quarantine law are not unreasonable. But the question is. will their action stop there? There is reason to fear it will not. and that it is only the , first step in a Dolicy of resistance not ,pnly to our Quarantine Jaw. but to ourr-law restricting foreign, immigration. sThe dispatches show that the present action of the foreign governments is largely due to the urgent representations of the steamship companies. The same companies are bitterly opposed to Our immigration laws, and having succeeded in getting their governments to ,prptest against the enforcement of our quaran tine law their next point of attack.iwill probably be the immigration law. ETheii there will be trouble, for the American people will not consent that this governments shall relax the laws and'regulations designed to exclude undesirable immigration. They are more likely to insist that the policy of the government in that regard shall be more stringent than to consent to its relaxation. In a communication published a few days ago the writer told the readers of; the Journal what the specialists' in : a. university would do forthe advancement of the public interests when ; it shall be fully organized. Amongjther things, he said that the specialists would co-operate with the men who have, distinguished themselves in private life for, their ability to manage business afj,d Industrial affairs to secure better methods..! This may be so some time in the future,1 but there has been no promise of lit in most of the instances which can be cited. Several of them, on the contrary, have sneered at the statistics gathered by the national Bureau of Labor; and such men as Edward Atkinson as ruh-j bish. One Indiana official specialist in" vate ownership of land in a State in which the small possessions of a large majority are in small farms and homes. In another Western State a member of S the sa me school of economics assailed ' industrial and social conditions frqpa ,a j socialistic point of view so savagely that the Governor of the State.'who snoke after him, felt called upon to administer a pointed reproof. So far'frrijm entering Into the work of practicaVrmen and making use of their experience, the specialist of the neyr school of economics has devoted himself to exploit! frgp exploded or impracticable theories. Ijs assumption of superiority has been In sufferable. But he may learn beti'er.n ' time. ; . -in; T i ilO If. If Governor Gray .had been aprJind to a first-class European mIssionias 'at ) one time he expected to be, he. would probably now be in the position; t&fttvall of our five embassadors in Europe re said to be, viz., largely out of pocket and anxious to come home. ThealaJry of each of these positions is lT7?aO0ou year, and the Increased rank brought by making them embassadors instead of ministers has added materially ip tb,e necessary expenses. Mr. Eustis, o,w embassador to France, says he has1 spent $50,000 more than his salary sippe h went to Paris, but he is wealth afid can stand it. Mr. Runyon, at Berlin, reports that he has spent twice hl salary. Mr. Bayard, at London, claims, jto have spent $25,000 more than hiS'salary, and" Mr. McVeagh is reported toYjha.ve spent in Rome during the first nthree months of his stay $20,000, considerably more than his salary for a year; - At Mexico Minister Gray receives the'pame salary as these embassadors in Europe, and his necessary expenses are no half as great. Isaac always was lucky. i ' :k :' The Sperry substitute for the Sprti-igejr-Carlisle bill is, in fact, the Culberson plan, an outline of which has been given in the Journal's Washington telegrams. It authorizes a bond Issue sufficient Jo' retire the greenbacks and ..treasury . notes, bearing 3 per cent, interest, -and-. in denominations ranging from $11 $10,000, payable in thirty, 'but : redeem able in ten years. Such bonds( wouldbe taken by banks at par as the basis of circulation, and would also, it is thought, be purchased by those desjvIng a safe and easily convertible investment. This substitute leaves out the State bank issue feature of the Carlisle bill. The House caucus will determine to-day whether such a measure can be substituted for the pending bill. Still, the general unsoundness of the majority; on all currency questions affords very little ground to hope that suoh a bill1, will stand any chance,' for the .reason' that there can be no objection ma-ie to it by the supporters of a sound currency. The coming Legislature should not forget thart the real meaning of the Republican contention that the State institutions be taken out of politics Is that in all appointments connected with "the "in-' stitutions fitness should, be the first and paramount consideration. The mere creation of bi-partisan boards would not be a compliance with this ; demand. Members of such boards who are appointed primarily or mainly for political reasons, whether Democrats or Republicans, are pretty sure to make politics the ruling motive of all their acts, and while this may result in a division of patronage it will not take the 'institu-

of surrendering it. But this!

tions out of politics. The Journal believes that the appointing power should be left in the hands of the Governor, where it properly belongs, and that some means should be found of making fitness the controlling consideration in all appointments, -both of managers and subordinates.

: It has been a long time since our relations with foreign countries presented as many points of friction and possible - complication as at present. To mention those that are known, and there may be others which have not come to light, there are the Hawaiian and Samoan questions, which are still smoldering, the Nicaraguan question; th unsettled claim for the seizure of British vessels In Bering sea. the Spanish-Cuban , question. . and the controversies with Germany, France, Austria and Belgium over our sugar tariff and the exclusion of American cattle and beef. Most of these complications" are the direct result of stupid legislation by a Democratic Congress or . blundering on the part of the administration. Complaint was recently made Dy the government Printing Office that the departments" furnished hasty and imperfect copy to the printer, thus causing a waste of time in correcting proofs. Secretary Hoke Smith has 'accordingly issued a circular to officials and employes in the Interior Department, in which ha says: "I am informed that these practices exist In the various branches of this department, and, wishing to co-operate with. the Public Printer in the reforms he desires to inaugurate and in which I heartily concur, you are instructed to require of your subordinates a careful preparation of all copy prepared in your bureau, so that proof will not fee necessary only in extreme eases, and give such instructions that will prevent the use of expensive paper for unimportant blanks." Congress should supply the head of the Interior Department with an intelligent high school boy to Instruct him in English composition. v The Wabash Plain Dealer says that a horse dealer of that place will, in a few days, ship thirty-six head of heavy draft tflprses to Belgium. This is reversing the usual order of trade and seems like shipping coals to Newcastle. u oti: 1 XT'.id. BUBBLES IX T1IE AIR. Unpopular, Indeed. j''Unpopular? Bildikes, unpopular? Why, he didn't even get any calendars from insurance companies this year." g' Doubted It. i'Doan tell me a patient waiter am no Ifcisah," said Rastus, deftly arranging the napkins. "I is de most patientes waiter in djs town, an' I ain't done a thing at craps fx' mo' dan a munf." ;ui i & :'; Duubl Action. JThe gentleman on the empty barrel rQieared his throat. . i In fact, he not only cleared his throat, but cleared his neck by the eloquent address he made. . '-Becoming convinced that he had not Stolen the horse, they untied his hands and trode away. n! Flattery. "I don't give anything to chronic beggars," said the artificial lady. "I'll bet you have been a beggar all your life." ,4 "Yes," assented Mr. Dismal Dawson, "I was in the beggin' business thirty years before you was borned, I guess." As Mr. Dawson is plainly not over thirty, and the artificial lady is forty-three, it is needless to state the effect of his diplomatic remark. HILL AM) MOHAMMED. But why did not Grover have Senator Hill his guest before the November election? Tnlfr!n Rlarto T?fr Since Hill dined with Cleveland, ons particular version of the Washington hatchet may well be buried. Philadelphia Times (Dem.) : In conduct a soft answer turneth away wrath; in politics a good dinner at the White House mends breaches. Philadelphia -Press (Rep.) '- Senator Hill and the White House have got together and the Senator seems to be on the inside of the executive mansion. Boston Herald (Ind.) The New York Sun's office cat had a fit when it heard that President Cleveland and Senator Hill broke bread together. fPittsburg Post (Dem.) The fact that Senator Hill called at the lWhite House, secured a good dinner and got away unscathed, ehows us the wonders which may be accomplished by a really droit person. New York Advertiser (Rep.) 'By and by when the nominations for of'fcces in New York, which have been sent ko the Senate, or which are to be sent, Tbme up for confirmation we 6hall see how Nearly together Hill and the President have fctime. and we can then, and not till then, figure out the full effect of this dinner. pringfield Republican (Ind.) e',What enthusiasm there must have been A-hen the hand of the senior New York Senator rested for a moment in the palm that tried to push Queen Lil back on her throne; what sincerity tingled through the veins of those clasped hands, and how tha two men must have longed to square off, after the handshake, in true Marquis of .Queensberry fashion. New York Press. f David Bennett Hill and Stephen Grover Cleveland have saluted with the kiss of beace. Dave put his feet under the Presiddent's mahogany and enjoyed a good dinnr. The idol of the Mugwumps and the Chief of the "boys" will unite their energies to save the Democratic hulk. Too late! the piratical old craft is on the rocks and the people of the country will not stretch forth a hand to save it. Boston Traveler (Rep.) . The mountain had to come to Mohammed. This dinner incident, coupled with President Cleveland's recent attitude toward Hill, is the first evidence the -Stuffed Prophet" has given that he intends to obey the mandate of the party that elected him. Mr. Cleveland ha3 dragged the party down to the worst defeat it has met in all its history, and in his despondency and despair he tacitly, if not openly, entreats his ancient foe to come to his relief and rescue. New York Recorder (Rep.) O ! It was ' A jubilee. Of the very, very first degreev Just think it overDavid and Grover j Reunited Jan. 3, Unier the latter s mahoganee! Chicago Dispatch (Rep.) ABOUT PEOPLE AXD THIXGS. George Eiiot wrote for eight years with the same pen, and when she lost it she bewailed her misfortune as almost too hard to bear. 3 John Milton loved to play on the organ. He made his second wife sing, and said she had some voice, but not the slightest idea of tune. j Mrs. Whltelaw Reid Is a musician of no little merit, and has a sweet voice for singing. Her little daughter who resemblea her "very strongly, has a taste for music, and received from her mother as a birthday present not long ago a small white piano, with her name inlaid in mother-of-pearl on the cover. A hall boy In a New York hotel owns a relic upon which he has placed a large price. It is a box of cigarettes given him by Robert Louis Stevenson, on the back ot which the novelist had scrawled his iname. The hallboy has kept the little gift .for several years, and rightly considers it valuable at present. Mrs. Brockholst Cutting prides herself on having the most perfect drawing room of the period of one of the Louis, in New York city. Whether it Louis XV of Louis XVI. I am blessed if I remember now, but whatever it Is it is regal. There Is a quantity of gold and red. besides wonderfully embroidered hangings, so I guess it must be In the period of the gorgeous and gaudy "Rol Soleil." ; In connection with Walter Damrosch'a bpera on the subject of "The Scarlet Letter." it is interesting to recall the following

paragraph from Hawthorne's "English Note Books," dated Liverpool, ISnS: 'I saw In an American paper, yesterday, that an opera, still unfinished, had been written on the story of 'The Scarlet Letter, and that several scenes of it had been performed successfully in New York. I should think it might succeed as an opera, though it would certainly fail as a play." Mrs. Thomas Edison Is extremely domestic in her tastes and very devoted to her genius husband. She has three lovely children one, Marion.' aged eight, who looks very much like her handsome mother. Mr. Edison has his laboratory in a separate building from his residence, connecting by a wing. Here he sometimes labors for hours in the evening, and Mrs. Edison, to keep him company and be near him when those experiments are being made, often goes to sleep on a couch which she has placed in the room for just such occasions. When the copper wires and the other mysteries which go to make phonographs and kinetoscopes behave properly and genius is successful he wakes her up to tell her, and she is perfectly contented and happy. On earth to gladden mortal view, NeVr fairer maid was put; But she will wear a 2-B shoe Upon a 3-C foot. New York Herald. As swiftly o'er the ice they flew As snowflakes whirl. With no one nigh what could he do! He hugged the girl. Inconstant man! A crash, a crack, A distant roar. Proclaimed a thaw, and then, alack, lie hugged the shore. Washington Star. "Our Bud is home from college, Ez slick ez he kin be. He knows about a hundred tims More'n Sary Ann, er me. "He wears a standin collar An' necktie solid white. An' sez them 'siety germans ; Wuz simply out o' sight. "An' he ain't half ez bashful . Ez all his brothers wuz. An' smokes the segarettses Like city fellers does! "He's bound to climb the ladder . Away up purty high, An's shore to be the President Some day, I 'spect, er try." Calhoun (Ga.) Times.

THE LATE JAMES G. FAIR. Eatlmated am One of the Greatest Figures In Finance of 'the Age. San Francisco Chronicle. James G. Fair was a remarkable man. Those who praise sparingly call him extraordinary. His qualities of mind were rare. It was he who made the great bonanza firm, who gave to It tremendous wealth, who directed its fortunes, and, after disagreements and quarrels had come, saved its surviving members from ruin. It was Fair who worked in the mine and took upon his own shoulders the force of all blows of ill fortune and criticism. There are many phases of Fair's character which have never become known. There are many incidents in his life which have never been told. He found fabulous wealth in a day, but the prospect did not dazzle him. He had none of the instincts of the gambler, and speculation, in the sense in which that term is used by Eastern manipulators, was foreign to his nature. Quiet, cold, critical and observing, he cared to make few friends. He was generous to a greater degree than most people know, yet so complete was his contempt of public opinion that he strove to hide rather than parade his charities. He was essentially a cynic. He had seen a side of life which did not please him, and he frequently expressed in anything but complimentary term3 his opinions of men and things. He had scores of pensioners on his rolls. They asked favors and were not refused. It is said that James G. Fair did not have an Intimate friend in the world. He loved mystery, and not even his most trusted agents knew the purpose Of most of his transactions. None could follow him in the field in which he moved. His life was a series of surprises. Before! his opponents realized his presence he had captured the prize. His hand has been felt in some of the greatest transactions of the coast. He was made the central figure -in the recent wheat deal, but, shrewd as are his opponents, they cannot tell yet whether or not Fair was the manipulator in that affair. They are waiting for the administration of his estate to tell a secret he would never divulge. Operators who have followed the course of affairs on this coast are emphatic in their assertions that Fair was the most remarkable man ever developed in the financial world of the coast. He had little but his native intelligence and shrewdness to guide him. From the time he handled the pick and pan as a prospector until he had fabulous wealth in his possession he placed implicit reliance in his own judgment. An effort has been made to compare Fair with Gould, Sage and other magnates of the Eastern markets. Such comDarlsons seem idle in the opinion of those who know Fair's plans and methods. On one side is brilliance, daring, the abandon and recklessness of the gambler; on the other the slow, calculating, shrewd judgment of the Investor and accumulator. There can be no reasonable comparison, but Fair must remain as one of the greatest figures In finance in the present age. It was he who had faith in the California and Virginia mines. He staked his judgment upon the worth of the mines and $100,000,000 was the result. When the great bonanza kings separated Fair began the accumulation of riches. There was nothing to dazzle In what he did. He was an ordinary man in an ordinary business. He had strange moods and fancies. He had a keen wit and often used it. His policy of mystification was maintained year in and year out. Gradually the great fortune became greater. Fair would now be close in his attention to details, again he would apparently neglect his most important interests. But under a semblance of lethargy he veiled unusual shrewdness. He never lost an opportunity. Unlike his associates in the mines, he kept his money. He increased it rapidly. Real estate, railroads, banking, each attracted him in turn. The time came for him to perform the one brilliant act of his life. There was an element of the sardonic in it. He had quarreled with .Vlackay, but still had the friendliest of feelings for Flood. O'Brien had been dead some years. Flood and Mackay engaged in the great wheat deal. They had overreached themselves, and had no one from whom to expect relief. Flood appealed to Fair, and the needed assistance came. Fair advanced $3,500,000 in cash, and the Nevada Bank escaped. Mackay felt a peculiar sense of gratitude. Fair was not of a forgiving nature, however, and the two were never the friends they had been, during the mining days. Fair refused to take any interest in the new stock of the bank. He had closed his business relations with his associates of the. mining days. For one who possessed enormous wealth Fair passed a simple life. Mo3t of his time was spent in his office or in his rooms. He was accessible to all who called, and had the uncommon faculty of making each believe that he had won his confidence. LIXCOLX'S SARCASM. He Could Use It vrith Withering Effect When He So Desired. St. Louis Globe-Democrat. "Speaking of Billy Herndon and Abe Lincoln," said an old Illinois man, Mr. Azariah Wendell, who is resting in his advanced ,age upon a farm somewflere south of Springfield, "it reminds me, after that story of yours about the distillery pigs, of an incident in the early life of these two men that has never found its way into print." A Globe-Democrat reporter had just related to the old gentleman at the Southern Hotel an experience at a great Kentucky distillery, where hog are fed on the sour mash residuum from the stills. The porkers after their meals became tipsy, and often fell to fighting, when they were whipped into submission by stalwart negroes. "This Incident." he observed, "Illustrated as well as anything I ever knew Lincoln to say, and I knew him, more or less intimately, thirty years, his keen wit and sarcasm when he wanted to hit hard without giving fighting talk. Billy Herndon, as everybody knows, was addicted at times to the excessive use of hard drinks. It happened at Phoenix, one of the stopping places in the famous practice circuit that Lincoln, Herndon. Judge -Logan, Shelby Cullom, Ward Lamon and the others used to ride over. Lincoln was very fond of Herndon, but was always annoyed and disgusted when he let liquor get the better of him for Lincoln, you know, was the most temperate of men, and in the midst of the hard drinking and revelry , of the early times, which scotched the careers of many brilliant young men, he was always sober and always had his wits about him. The first oysters that had ever come to town had just arrived. Though it was cold weather, they were a little the worse for their long journey from the seaboard; but this made no difference, evidently, to Herndon and I-amon, who were in an unusually convivial mood after a long day's ride on horseback, and they did great justice to the new delicacy. Their artificial appetites lent zest to the feast, and they sut there and ate oysters and drank and cracked jokes till some of the tired lawyers, among them Lincoln, went upstairs to bed. Presently Herndon was taken with a sudden queer feeling about the stomach, and he made an unsteady rush for the back door. He passed on out into the darkness, and kept going till he ran against a fence. He steadied himself by the lop board, as

a seasick passenger 'does at the taffrail of

a ship, and proceeded to unload on the other side. It proved to be a pig pen he had come to, and the surprised occupants rushed quickly to the trough. It was a new sort of feast for the pigs, but they took to H kindly, and when the supply ceased they set up a great squealing. Then Herndon began to swear at them in a loud voice. The way he talked to those hogs, you would have thought he was making one of his characteristic sledgehammer arguments to a Jury to clear a horsethief. Lincoln heard the rumpus, came downstairs and .asked Lamon what the trouble WAS " 'Oh, nothing,' said Lamon; 'It's only Billy out back, dividing his liquor with the shoats. "Lincoln went to the door and yelled out in his keen, treble voice: 'Billy! Billy! For. God's sake, don't stand out there In the dark quarr-" with those hogs! There's certainly h of the d d stuff in the country for of you!" " THE NEW KEhEDY IN DIPHTHERIA. The splendid results reported of the .antitoxin treatment in diphtheria are attracting universal attention on both sides of the Atlantic. The question upon every hand is: "What is antitoxin?" It is the purpose of this article to answer this question sa plainly that every school child may understand. " ' In 1SS4 Professor Klebs, of Germany, announced his discovery , of the germ or bacillus that causes diphtheria, and gava a description of it. By placing these germs in culture, that is to say, in blood serum or other fluid, and this kept at a certain, temperature soon produced other slmllav gtrms. These germs inoculated into animals, developed diphtheria, thus establishing the relation of cause and effect. These expert-' ments have been abundantly confirmed by Loeffier, Roux and Yersen, Abbot, Welch! and more recently by hundreds of others,, so that the specific cause of diphtheria appears to be definitely settled. The cause having been ascertained, scientists naturally turned their attention to discovering a remedy. It is now known that the bacillus, or germ of diphtheria, secretes a ptomaine or poison, which rapidly passes into the blood, and by Its toxic action breaks down the latter, weakens the nervous system, and heart failure soon terminates' life. . - It has long been known that certain diseases, such as smallpox, measles, scarlet fever, etc., render the. system immune against subsequent attacks. Other diseases less so and for a shorter time, among hem, diphtheria. Vaccination for smallpox by the Immortal Jenner in 1798 was in "Ine with this theory, and designed to render the blood Immune, as were also the brilliant experiments of Pasteur in anthrax, cholera; and hydrophobia; and finally diphtheria, tha most deadly of them all, is wheeled into line by Klebs, Loeffier, Behring and others. With the idea of Immunizing the blood Professor Behring repeatedly Inoculated some of the lower animals with cultures of diphtheria germs until the blood of these animals was rendered immune to diphtheria poison. Now comes the Interesting and important part. Professor Behring found ihat by taking the serum from the blood oC those immunized animals and inoculating animals having diphtheria, that it cuied most of them; he aso found that it was a prophylactic and would prevent expose1! animals from. taking the disease. Tills immunized serum is the antitoxin we h. ar so much about, and the experiments with it have been carried from the lower aniuiala to man with gratifying results. For several months I have been receiving reports from various hospitals and municipalities in Europe and America, giving results of treatment under the old methods, and, when possible, under the new or antitoxin treatment. I have received from seven of the leading hospitals reports of 5,991 cases treated by the old methods, with 2,918 deaths a mean mortality of 43.70 per cent. I have also been able to obtain from twelve hospitals and prominent physicians in Europe reports of 1.707 cases treated with, antitoxin with 39G deaths, a mean mortality of 23.02 per cent., showing a difference in favor of the eerum treatment of 23.68 per showing is not owing, as is shown by reports in my possession, to the mildness of the epidemics, as patients at the same time and in the same city were terated by the old methods with a high mortality record. For example. Dr. Watkins Hughes, of Norfolk, England, states that during the present severe epidemic of diphtheria he attended forty cases; of the first thirty treated by the usual methods, ten died. The next ten cases the serum treatment was used, and all recovered. Again, while the serum treatment was being used at the Hospital des Enfants in Paris, With a mortality , of less than 25 per cent., the Hospital Frouseau in the same city, and" during the same months, had a mortality of 60 per cent. This is a remarkable showing for the serum treatment in Europe, and fully equaled by experiments recently made in America the particulars of which I have not space to enter Into. In view of the dreadful mortality of this plague under old methods of treatment, and the gratifying results obtained by the new, it would appear like criminal neglect not to have every practitioner In the land in possession of this new remedy. Unfortunately, this can only be done at great expense. Horses fire the animals proven the best for this purpose, and It takes months of treatment before their blood is immunized. Many die, so that the expense is considerable. It occurs to the writer that this is a case where State aid is urgently demanded. The State does not hesitate to , spend montv for the protection of hogs and cattle; sha it do less for the dear children? Laying all questions of humanity aside and looking at the question- from an economic standpoint, the State can well afford to serui money liberally for this object. Let us see. Professor Behring, in an address before the German Naturalists' Society of Vienna, stated that the mortality from diphtheria alone in Germany and Austria might be estimated at 2,000,000 every ten years, estimated to be about 50 per cent, of those attacked. Estimating the population of Germany and Austria at 75,000,000, and the population of the United States at 65,000,000 the same ratio would make us lose every it i j d i o v hu.uuu ...... It is a conservative estimate to say that one-half this number can be saved to the State, provided the serum could be placed into the hands of every' practitioner. That is to say, 86,666 lives can be saved annually. Estimating these lives to be worth $1,000 each, there would be saved to the United States $86,666,000 annually, an average saving to each State and Territory of about $1,800,000, end 1.S0O precious lives each year. I commend these facts to the earnest and sincere attention of our lawmakers. ; . W. J. CARTER, M. D. Marlon, Ind., Jan. 5. Advice to Breckinridge. Detroit Free Press. Col. Breckinridge, having discovered that his silver tongue is not sufficient to fill a public hall, should try golden silence. Nothing would so become the Colonel aa reticence and a back seat. . "Xot Yet. Philadelphia Inquirer. No official dispatches have yet been received announcing that Secretary Gresharn had solemnized the New Year by resolving not to haul down ihe Stars and Stripes again. . V;r)r StrnnHre. Philadelphia, North American. ; Doesn't it sound strange to hear of contemplated ballot reforms in the South? Refore the last election the mere mention of such a thing would have resulted in riot. Democrats Once Sneered at a Surplus. Philadelphia Inquirer. It's ten to one that this administration wouldn't stop laughing for a year if it could only put one of those infamous surpluses la the treasury vaults.