Indianapolis Journal, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 November 1894 — Page 9

I , ; N " " PART TWO. I h Hi i i l . u zj

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CUT-AND-DRIEl) DEDUCTIONS. Conan Doyle's detective stories have served two useful ends. They have lifted so-called detective - literature out of the blood and mire of brutal Incident to the piano of scientific study, and they have brought Into conspicuous relations -with the public a writer whose Uterary style entitles his work to a high rank in our modern classics. But it Is quite another thing to assume that Dr. Doyla has exemplified. In his "Adventures of Sherlock Holmes," a practicable and Infallible system for the ferreting out of all sorts of hidden crimes. It seems never to have occurred to the multitudinous admirers of this writer that It might be within the range of legitimate Investigation to subject a few of hi.i cases to a court of inquiry In order to ascertain whether there may be any discrepancies or inconsistencies in his statements. Not long ago a reporter of a daily paper described what purported to be an actual incident which served to illustrate how easy it Is to iork up a case of marvelous Intellectual Insight on paper. The reporter's story was that a certain young man, noted for his shrewdness, very cleverly "sold out a party of his companions one evening by developing a case "inferentlally" after the manner of Sherlock Holmes in this way: Holding up a lady's black kid glove, he said he had picked it up an hour before on the floor of a public hall, from which a crowd was passing at the time. The young man proceeded to give a circumstantial description of the owner of the glove, saying she was a Jewess, rather fleshy, medium height, quite handsome, belonged to one of the best families in the city, was rich, unmarried, etc .The company listened with increasing aronder, and when the amateur detective concluded, they challenged him in concert to verify his deductions. He then offered to wager with the company that he could satisfy the most incredulous of them that he was correct In every particular. The wager was taken and the money put up. He then said: "Gentlemen, I know this glove belongs to a lady of the description I have given, because I saw her drop it." This story may or may not have been a newspaper reporter's hoax; It serves the purpose of this article Just the same; It required but small acumen to "Infer" as did Sherlock Holmes that a certain gentleman was a retired English officer, an Invalid just from Afghanistan, etc., because all these conditions had been deliberately parceled out beforehand by the literary Instigator as parts of his story. Given all the facts In any case, however complicated, ' and it is an easy task to string them together in a train of sequences. It is like working a mathematical problem with the printed analysis lying before you. Or, given an educated writer with fair constructive ability and a turn for telling stories, and we have all the conditions necessary for the fabrication of a detective tale. But let him fall at a single point to maintain the logic of sequences and at that point the continuity of the narrative is broken and it becomes little better than a clumsy farce. In the account of Sherlock Holmes's last adventure there are at least two distinct breaks, to bridge over the first of which the distinguished author resorts to a plain subterfuge; and in the next he Is guilty perhaps not wilfully of a glaring inconsistency. I will try to show the Justness of this criticism. Those who read the story will remember that Holmes, while flying from his enemy and on his way to his friend's residence, 1 attacked by a rough who tries to kill him with a bludgeon. He battles the feflow, hands him over to the police, and then proceeds to the home of his friend, to whom he afterwards relates the Incident. He is morally certain that the rough is an emissary of the chief criminal and that the assault was made in obedience to Instruc

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they're worth tions from headquarters; but he (weakly) confesses his utter inability to connect the attempt upon his life with the machinations of his powerful foe. Tet he asserts that he already has the boss villain's gigantic conspiracy at his tongue's end a conspiracy without a parallel in the annals of crime. This plot and counter-plot, by the way, was not a matter of record. Indeed, it Is doubtful whether it ever existed even In the author's imagination that Is. in detailed form. Dr. Doyle thus not only shirks an important duty to the public, but deprives himself of a notable opportunity to display his inventive and constructive powers. Perhaps he evaded the tak because it was an impossible one. If so it is not the first time that an author, finding hlielf involved hopelessly in the meshes offals own plot, has turned the dilemma co his own account by leaving the mystified reader to "guess and fear" as to the actual situation. I am not sure but Dr. Doyle has some good company in the practice of this species of trickery. Shakespeare makes Hamlet's father's ghost say he "could a tale unfold," which he did not unfold, presumably because the great author suddenly felt at that Juncture the need of a subterfuge. So he made the ghost this eternal blazon must not be To ears of flesh and blood. The Inconsistency referred to appears In the same connection. The reader will recall that when the detective rose to depart his friend insisted that he remain all night. Holmes positively declined the invitation, not wshlng. he said, to place his friend In unnecessary peril, as he was certain murderous thugs were on his track with instructions to destroy him at whatever cost. And yet he "took a sneak" out the back way, quite evidently to elude further pursuit, and, of course, leaving his friend in the very danger he pretended to be so anxious to avert. What a wonder the house was not Invaded or dynamited that night! How strange that neither of them seemed to think of this. How frightened Sherlock Holmes must have been, to leave his friend in such Jeopardy on his account for a whole night, and then never even refer to it apologetically afterward! It is a question whether It is within the province of legitimate fiction to found a story upon a state of things which even the author dare not attempt to describe. Such a narrative may entertain, but not instruct. Dr. Doyle is a good story teller, but he certainly lacks the constructlveness of Swift, the patience of Dickens and the descriptive power of Scott. J. C. OCHILTREE. PARKIICIIST AXD GOFP. Men Who Denervc Most Credit for the Defeat of Tammany. Letter In New York Press. So far as there are any personal honors to be awarded for this local victory they are due to Dr. Parkhurst and to John W. Goff. Goff received not only that finest of tributes which comes from public acknowledgment of honorable service, but also that most satisfactory one which Is due to conspicuous success at the polls. Mr. Golfs success was conspicuous. The honors of the ballot box are hla so far as the city is concerned. He has received a majority as the candidate of the union ticket for presiding criminal Judge of fifty thousand. Mr, Morton, it is true, almost succeeded in overcoming a majority cast for Governor Flower In this city, but Goff did better than that. He is a man of too great heart to harbor resentments, and yet, when on the 1st of January next, he takes the chair which his opponent in this contest. Recorder Smyth, will vacate, there will be undoubtedly suggested to each of them that recent scene when Mr. Goff was punished by the Recorder for contempt. In that case Mr. Goff was co.-.nsel for one of the Parkhurst agents, and Tammany was bound to railroad that agent to State Irison, that thereby terror might strike 'arkhurst's mn and make them feeble. It became necessary for Goff, feeling assured that Recorder Smyth, being a Tammany Judge, was not impartial to a?sert his rights and those of his client, and for doing that Recorder Smyth adjudged him guilty of contempt and fined him. The two men have never met nor spoken since that day. It Is said that one of Recorder Smyth's favorite passages is that famous quotation from "Mazeppa," beginning "For time at last sets all things even. And if that be so those lines will doubtless occur to him when he receives in that court room as the Judge who will take his chair the man who last departed from it under sentence of contempt. It has taken Dr. Parkhurst a little more than three yeirs to fight a battle in which his only agents were purely moral forces. He stood alone when he delivered that terrible Indictment from his pulpit in the winter of POl. He had nothing behind him but the society of which he was president, and

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the c every cent of it. V he had In front of him Tammany Hall in tne nusn or its finest triumphs, the most perrectiy orgamzea and splendidly disciplined political organization this country nas ever Known. A man of less courage than Dr. Parkhurst would have been appalled. A weak er man threatened with assassination as often as he would have been unnerved. A politician knowing, the power of Tammany with the police and even in the courts would never have dared to make that bat tle. It is some source of gratification to remember that the Press from the very beginning of the great moral battle that Parkhurst waged understood his purpose. read the man aright, saw tnat he was not engaged in the business of descending upon dives or saloons, but that his guns were aimed at fa. system, and that his attacks were to be delivered against Tammany and especially us ponce department, with a s n gle exception, every newspaper In this city misunderstood Parkhurst. and for two years he was compelled to bear either abuse, ridicule or indifference, whereas he nad rrom the first, as he has himself said, full sympathy, thorough understanding and nearly support irom tne rress. THE UESUItRECTlOX. Rejection of the Theory that the Body Rises from tlie Grave. The Outlook. A recent editorial on "Death. Resurrection and Evolution" has brought us a number of letters of inquiry, to which we give here Drier response. It is not possible to harmonize the vari ous teachings of the Bible on the subject of the future life, except by recognizing in the religious teaching of the Bible a spirit ual development, in tne Old Testament tJvre is no revelation of immortalltv. oniv here and th son.c- plt-ams of hope. Life ana immortality are brougnt to light by Jesus Christ, and It is in His teaching nnrl that of the apo3tles that we are to look for the final word on this subject, and in the interpretation of these teachings we are to be governed, not by the pictorial and enigmatic utterances, but by those which are clear and explicit. These clear and explicit utterances are such as these: "Who soever liveth and believeth In me shall nev er die." Any notion that life goes out when the body is laid away In the grave, to be revived again in some future resurrection. denies this statement of. Christ. "Father. into Thy hands I commit my spirit." These last words or Christ upon the cross Indicate an Instant arising of the spirit to the Father in the moment of dissolution. Christ did not arise from the dead when the body came forth from the grave. He arose from the dead in the instant of death. The emancipated spirit then returned to the body, and the body issued from the grave simply to give the disciples ocular evi dence of the resurrection which had rrevlously taken place, and which always takes place in every death. "That where I am. there ye may be also." "To depart and be with Christ, which is far better." These are keys wherewith to Interpret all Christ's and all Paul's utterances on this subject. To be with Christ is not to be in the grave. and It is not to be in some shadowy Hades awaiting a future emancipation. We repeat that these and kindred explicit utter ances are not to oe set aside or cast Into the shadow by those which are enigmatical and pictorial. If Paul sometimes borrows the common Jewish and pagan notion of a shadowy Hades in which the soul awaits the uprising of the body from the grave, it is only that ke may avail himself of this half faith In a resurrection to teach the clearer and brighter Christian faith of a resurrection contemporaneous with death a resurrection of the spirit, to which God will give a body as it pleaseth Him. Sirs. Vnnderbllt's Compromise. New York Commercial Advertiser. It is understood that an agreement has finally been reached between Mr. and Mrs. William K. Vanderbilt, whereby a certain cum will be set apart for the latter and suit for divorce begun in Rhode Island In a short time. Col. William Jay is believed to have brought the negotiations to a final conclusion. He was in the city last week, and Mrs. Vanderbilt came on from Newport to see him. She assented to the terms proposed by her husband. The amount which Is offered, and which she will accept in lieu of alimony and dower right, is J3.000.000. This is probably considerably in excess of any that the courts would allow, but as the wife of a modern Croesus it Is held that she Is entitled to a very large sum. She will also have the legal custody of the two younger children, though the older two are to be allowed to choose between their father and mother.

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THE SOSHI OF JAPAN

ARB AJTAIlCniSTS, BLACKMAILEuS AND POLITICAL STRIKERS. Professional Bullies Who Can Be Hired for So Much a Day Horr the Politicians Employ Them. (Copyrighted, 1834, by Frank G. Carpenter.) The war with China is taking away from! Japan, for a time, a class of men who have materially disturbed the gov ernment. I refer to the SoshL These are like no other men on the face of the globe. They are a kind of a cross be tween an Anarchist and political striker. and though they exist in nearly every part of the empire I have never seen them described in letters of travel. They are a peculiar feature of the modern Japan, and are the product of the old feudal system married to the modern civilization. Japan, you know, was twenty-five years ago much like Europe during the middle ages. The Dalmlos or nobles of the country owned the greater part of the land, and each had a number of soldiers or Samurai about him. These Samurai were all soldiers, and the Dalmio was expected to support them. When the revolution came and the Dalmios gave ud their estates these men were out of a Job. They took up with different branches of trade. A large number went into the army. Some jcvere employed in the new government. and to-day the class is practically wiped out. Springing from it, however, are these bands of Soshi, who are 'youns men, many of whom are ready to sell themselves and their svord3 to thehighest bidder. Every politician has a number of them connected with him. and every political meeting is filled with them. They carry sword-canes, and during elections the papers are full of the attacks of one band of Soshi upon another and of statements as to how one promlneri man, accompanied by his Soshi, was. met by another statesman with his Soshi, and how the two fought the matter out on the street. During my stay in Japan one of the members of Parliament was waylaid by the Soshi of his opponent and well pounded; and another man, also a mem-, ber of Parliament, was attacked about 9 o'clock In the morning while on his way in a jinriksha to the House of Representatives by ten of these Soshi. One of them threw a bottle of red ink and sulphuric acid at him and It struck him on the shoulder, but fortunately did no damage. He luckily happened to have two of his own boshi with him, and these men ran after the Soshi of the opposite party who threw the bottle and caught him and handed him over to the police. This incident occurred on the 23d of last May, and from my notes which I took at the time I see that on May 19 the Japanese papers record how twenty Soshi attacked the office of a political newspaper and stoned the edi tors. The most or tne omciais or japan have some of these Soshi with them when they go about over the country. In some cases they ride on the outside of their carriages, and in others they follow along on foot. .... PROFESSIONAL. THUGS. .. These' Soshi are numbered by thou sands, and it is surprising how well they are organized. Outside of those who are attached to the politicians there are bands or societies of them who work to gether for their mutual benefit, and who are, in fact, bands of thugs assassins, blackmailers and strikers. Some of them give their services for their food and clothes, and for two or three dollars a day they will do anything. If they are arrested you are expected to pay them for the t'.me fhey stay in prison and to send a few luxuries now and then to the Jail. They are not at all fond of foreigners, and they form a large part jof the anti-foreign element of the country. I heard of one instance of a foreigner who had some trouble with a girl. There was a question of 10 be tween them, and the girl had friends amonc; the Soshi. The leader of one of the bands called upon the man and told him he must pay. He refused. Then they said they would inform his employers of certain practices which he had been carrying on, and would mix them with lies about others. They threatened to assault him, and he final ly concluded that the cheapest way to get out of the matter was to pay the bill. The strangest thing about it was that when he handed over the money they gave him a receipt guaranteeing that he would not be troubled by any other Soshi in the country or by them. The action of the government as regards these people has shown that they were evidently afraid of them, and it has been th? wonder of foreigners that they have not been put down. They have carried cn their work openly, and a sign board was recently stuck up in one of the main business parts of Tokio which ref.d: "Soshi provided here. Terms moderate for the day or month." Among the men, in fact, who have shown much nerve in the matter afe our American minister and the Rev. Clay MacCauley, the head of a school in Tokio and a Unitarian minister of great prominence in Japan. For some reason or other the Soshi became Incensed at Dr. MacCauley, and they warned bim that he must give up his school. They told him that he would be mobbed if he did not, and they made all preparations to carry out their threat. Dr. Mac Cauley went to the American minister, Mr. Dun, and told him the situation. Mr. Dun, who, by the way, is one of the best men who has ever represented us at the court of Japan, was very indignant, and he at once went to the Foreign Office and told the Secretary of State that the government was responsible for keeping the Soshi In order, and that he proposed to drive, with Dr. MacCauley, in the legation carriage down to the school on the day fixed for the mob, and if they were insulted or attacked in any way the American government would hold the Japanese government response ble for it. The Japanese officials at once took the matter in hand and the Soshi were put down upon this occasion. The streets leading to the school were lined with police, and the result was that Dr. MacCauley and the American minister passed through unharmed and unmolested by even a look. MR. DUN SURPRISED THEM. The American minister is by no means a coward, and it would not be safe for a Soshi to attack him. He stands fully six feet in his stockings, and he weighs about two hundred pounds. He has lived in Japan for years, having been sent there in the first place through the influence of ex-Senator Allan G. Thur man, who is his uncle. He speaks the Japanese as well as the English, and he was employed in the legation as inter preter and confidential secretary for some time before his appointment as minister. Last New Year, when out driving, with his coachman and footman on the seat, he saw three of the most desperate Soshi with sword canes in their hands on the road In froat of him. He knew they did not like him, but he told the coachman to drive slowly on. As the Soshi saw him they ranged themselves on both sides of the road, so that the carriage would have to pass between them, and as It came opposite one of them yelled at him the Japanese word for "fool," never supposing that he would understand it. Mr. Dun raised

his hat. and In the politest and most I

polished Japanese paid him tne compliments of the New Year. The Soshi was thunderstruck. He looked very sheepish and turned away. , . I asked a number or tne prcmmeni men of Jnnan. Including Count Ito, whence the Soshi came, and I was told that they were in most cases dlsarrectea and unsuccessful students. Thousands of young Japanese have been studying professions, and there are hundreds uron hundreds of lawyers ana doctors more than are needed. The government places are all overcrowded, and the uni versities have been turning oui tneir graduates by the hundreds a year. The brightest students have been picked out by the government and sent abroad to finish their educations. When tney nave come back they have been given positions, and those who were not so fortunate have had to stay out. The 4;outs" have banded together and they have formed these organizations which are, to a certain extent, insurrectionary In their tendencies. They would be a bad element in case of a revolution, and they form one of the worst features of the new Japan. They hang around Par liament, and they have been growing in numbers rapidly ub to the lime or tne present war. This will probably carry off a good many of them, if the Chinese had enough nerve to kill anything out side of their own troops, which they seem not to have. THE JAPANESE PARLIAMENT. Speaking of the Japanese Parliament, it is the baby congress of the world, and It Is one of the most interesting legislative bodies in existence. It has two houses, which sit In a building not un like a great seaside hotel In its archi tectural structure. It is made of frame. and is of two stories. It Is situated In the center of Tokio, not far from where the Shogun laid down the barbarous laws of the past, and Just outside of the moats which run round the palace grounds. There is a wall around It. and when the houses are in session you see about five hundred black Jinrikshas with bare legged men in butter-bowl hats sitting In them and waiting for their masters, who are Inside. You have to go through a narrow entrance, so small that only one man can get through at a time, in getting to the reception room and also In going Into the hall, and this is probably to prevent the danger of a rush by boshi or others. There are plenty of officers dressed In uniform, and there Is as much red tape as about the houses of Parliament In London. The two houses do not look much unllkeour Senate and House. The desks run in concentric circles back from the rostrum, on which the President and Vice President sit, and they are more like school desks than like those of our Congress. The seats are made so that they can be turned ud like opera chairs, and some members from the back- districts, who have been more accustomed to sitting on the floor than on chairs, now and then get up and kneel on their seats or sit cross-legged upon them. They do not keep their hats on as they do in England, and their modes of procedure are more like the Reichstag- than those of our Congress. The most of the members dress in European clothes, though now and then you find one wearing a klmono. The membership of the two houses Is about the same. The upper house is called the Hous'j of Peers, and it con tains about three hundred members. It comprises the aristocrats of the Japa nese empire, and contains, In the first place, all the male members of the Im perial family xf the age of twenty and upward. Thus, the Crown Prince will be a member of this house when he gets to be twenty. It also contains members selected from the eleven princes and twenty-eight marquises, eighty counts, three hundred and fifty-five viscounts and twenty-nine barons of the empire. These men have to be elected by their own order, and their number Is restricted. In addition to this, there are some whom the Emperor has made members on account of their learning and of the services which they have done for Japan, and it is probable that the present war will largely increase this number. Then there are certain members who come from the different counties and districts in Japan, who have been nominated by the Emperor and who are chosen by the vote of the fifteen men in each district who pay the highest taxes. Those who are members on account of their blood,, or have been appointed by the Emperor, are for life. Those elected by the different orders and by the taxpayers are for seVen years. "With all this it Is questionable whether the upper house contains the brains of Japan. The Hodse of Representatives, like that of our own, Is the noisiest and ablest. It also numbers three hundred, and any man can be a member of Congress who is of Japanese birth and over thirty years of age and pays a tax of not less than $1 a year. A Japanese has to be twenty-five years old before he can vote, and voters must have a similar tax-paying qualification to members of Congress. A LAND OF LOW SALARIES. Japan is a land of low salaries. The officials do not get half as much as ours, and the members of the House of Peers and of the House of Representatives receive 800 Japanese yen and their traveling expenses. The yen Is now worth about 50 cents, so they receive in reality only $400 a year. Our Congressmen, you know, receive $3,000. The presidents of both houses receive 4.000 yen, and the Emperor appoints the officers of the House of Peers, and he selects those of the House of Representatives from three candidates who are elected by the bouse. All of the voting in the Japanese Parliament is done in secret ballot. There Is a ereat deal of speech making, and the Representatives grow very excited when they discuss the measures relating to the government. The Emperor has the right to dissolve Parliament, and he has dismissed the last two houses because they seemed inclined to cut down the expenses beyond the possibilities of running the government. This dissolution caused a great deal of excitement over the country, and the new election was much feared by the administration. .The country seemed to be torn up by the different factions, but this has been all done away with by the war with China, and the Emperor will get all the money he wants from now on. The Emperor has great power over Parliament, and the Constitution is so adroitly -worded that he can act independent of it. The laws provide that Congress shall vote all the money, but that the last budget shall be In force in case a Congress Is dissolved wli iout passing new appropriation bills. The Emperor can veto all laws, and he can proclaim a law when Parliament Is not sitting. He still holds the chief command of army and navy, the right to make war or peace and to conclude treaties, and he can confer such titles or pardons is he pleases. Parliament has no right to interfere with his household expenses, and his Cabinet goes before the different houses and defend the ad ministration. I don't know that the laws provide where Congress shall meet, but the fact that the Emperor has called them to Hiroshima, which is, I Judge, nearly four hundred miles west of Tokio, shows that he can do as he pleases in this matter. JAPANESE FINANCES. " Speaking of Japanese finances, it Is 'wonderful how the people have come to the assistance of the government In this war. The bonds have been subscribed for even more eagerly than they were during our civil war, and millions of dollars more money has been offered than is needed. The condition of Japan at the time of the war was perhaps as good as that of any other government in the world. The debt ,was practically (Continued on Tentk l'nse.)

A BRIGADE OP BOYS

A GIICAT OnOAMZATIOX TO TEACH rATRIOTIS3I A"D RELIGION. The Military Drill Found to Re tli Moat Effective Menns of Dlnciplluo A "Widespread Jlovenicnt. "W. n. Edwards, in Blue and Gray. Teach our young people the laws of our country. Give them some opportunity, however limited, to learn the lessons of order, obedience and duty by some means! To do this military drilling has been found efficient from earliest times, and it Is equally so now. Few young men are so occupied but that they can find time for some regular exercise. The State militia organizations are'excellent schools of patriotism. Military academies, both public and private, also servo to help on the good cause, and the youngest boys of all have their Boys' Brigade. The result of thU military education is most satisfactory. True patriotism is kindled and kept aflame from boyhood, through the act ive years of life, and, contrary to an idea prevalent in some quarte'rs. th mere desire for fighting never enters th hearts of the members of these companies to rob them of the lessons of discipline and self-respect. It is the purpose of this article to describe but one of the many excellent organizations making for these tnviablo objects. This one is designed to help the youngest of our youth, and has tnet with wonderful success. The Boys Brigade is the largest or ganization in the world for boys. It numbers now nearly 50,003 members, o? which some 15.000 are in the United States. The movement Is international and now exists In all English-speaking countries. And while the movement is primarily a religious one, it is thorough ly interdenominational, being connected with all the various Protestant churches. The history of the brigade is soon told. It was started in Great Britain by Mi William A. Smith, an officer in the First Lanark Rifles, Glasgow, Scotland. Mr. Smith was teaching a class In a Glasgow Sunday school, when the inspira tion came to him of using his knowledge of military matters to obtain better discipline among his boy pupils. He felt sure that by banding them Into a military company for week-day drill he could teach them valuable lessons obe dience, reverence, patience, manliness, neatness, punctuality without their being conscious of It, and. Indeed, almost in the form of an amusement With this object in view, Mr. Smith railed his boys together and explained the idea to them. Receiving enthusiastic support from the boys themselves and their parents consent, he organized a company on the 4th of October, 1SS3. Drill real drill, not merely playing at soldiers, but regulation drill. In Its most thorough forms was instituted and kept up during a whole winter. At the end of the experiment the result was successful beyond expectation. Tha school was transformed from its old condition. Discipline and good manners were acquired, the physical bearing was Improved, the moral character was strengthened and the foundations of religious principles laid. Other companies were speedily formed In the neighborhood on the model of the first, and the movement soon spread to Edinburgh and London, and thence throughout Great Britain. WHEN ORGANIZED. The first company organized In the United States was the First San Francisco Company, formed Aug. 10, 1883, in the Westminster Presbyterian Church, at San Francisco. This company adopted the plan of the parent brigade In all essential features. Other companies were formed In quick succession, until the growth of the work demanded a central and controlling headquarters. This was urged by the parent organization, and with their cordial approval a permanent organization was effected Dec. 9, 1830. This was the beginning of the Boys Brigade Council in the United States. The new body adopted a constitution, elected officers, and began the publication of needed literature. This Is the original and only national organization of the Boys' Brigade in the United States. It has had from the first the sympathy and help of the executive council in Glasgow, and while it has made needed changes and additions to the plans and methods of the parent brigade, it has retained the name, crest and essential features of the constitution. The Boys'. Brigade Is a religious movement, but is nonsectarian throughout. "While the religious teaching may not always be brandished before the eyes of the boys themselves. In so many words." says a prominent officer of the brigade, "and it would not be wholly true to the type of boy religion to over, advertise it. the brigade is never afraid to confess it." And on the first page of the brigade's earliest documents stand these words: 1 . "The object of the Boys' Brigade Is the advancement of Christ's kingdom among boys, and the promotion of habits of reverence, discipline, self-respect and all that tends toward a true Christian manliness." The brigade alms to cultivate a healthful, positive Christian sentiment among the boys, and to make them feel that to be a Christian is the manliest thing possible or them to attain. In the words of the general secretary, Mr. W. A. Smith: "We make a point cf acknowledging God in everything: of putting Christ at the head of everything, and of trying to do It in such a way that a boy will always feel that the religious element in the work Is a pleasure and not a bore." The brigade however, is, to a great extent, conducted on military principles. When fully organised It has four divisions: First The company, which is connected with some church or Sunday school. Its members must belong to the Sunday school and the company is under the supervision of the church authorities. Second The battalion, which consists of two or more companies In any town or district. Third The State council, which In eludes all battalion and company officers In the State. Fourth The national council, which consists cf representatives chosen from each State In which companies are enrolled. , The companies are officered after the manner of companies In the United States army. The commissioned officers are young men approved by the proper church authorities. The noncommissioned officers are taken from the ranks In such manner as the company bylaws prescribe. The national council ha adopted a uniform, as follows: Cap Same style as the fatigue cap of the United States army. Ornament, crossed guns, with number above and anchor, with letters B. B. below. : Blouse The same cut as the fatigue uniform of the United States army, made of dark blue flannel, lined, and with a loop of white cord! on the sleeve. Pelt Russet leather, width one and onhalf Inches, bayonet scabbard, clasp of brigade design, with cartridge box. The chevrons and stripes of noncommissioned officers are the same as these of :he United States Infantry. The offi. cers uniform differs from that of the United States army in that the paaU

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