Indianapolis Journal, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 November 1894 — Page 5
1 THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 11, 189-1. Olf It Covers Xcnrlr Hundred Acres, and No Sinn Knows Its DepthSolid on Top, bat Almost Liquid Beneath.
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HILLTOP OX Tim GRCCX C ) i VS. Vv 1 A - A. ? i
New York Sun. "A part of Trinidad In which New Yorkers can hardly fall to be Interested la the
srcat pitch lake. a it Is called. This Is Interesting to New Yorkers because so much of the pitch Is dug out and brought here to make our asphalt pavements. The pitch lake must necessarily Interest any one, but It Is brought home to us here when we walk over part of its black contents every day. "This largest body of asphalt In the world," said the young botanist, "Is down the coast of the Gulf of Parla, about thirty-five miles below Port of Spain, and a mile or more back from the shore. In as new and wild a country as Trinidad a Journey of thirty-five miles Is a serious matter, if It roust be made Into the Interior; but when It is along the coast the problem Is always easy. There are various ways of reaching the lake from the capital. For inetacce, you can start In the afternoon and take the railroad to San Fernando, spend the night there, and proceed on horseback next morning. Or on any Saturday morning or Monday morning you can take the little steamboat that runs down to La Brea, visit the lake, and return the same day. But the pitch lake presents too many curious features to be gone over hurriedly, and I made a little route of my own by .chartering a email sloop, manned by a captain and two .copper-colored boy3, putting some provis- . Ions in her, and sailing down the coast. The expense of all this luxury was only $5 a day, and It gave me not only a fine view of the island and a pleasant sail, but the opportunity to stay at the lake as long as I wished, with the certainty of a lodging place at night. We set out at about midnight, under the light of a nearly full moon, in the hope of reaching La Brea at a reasonable hour in the morning. "The canals of Venice may be all very line, but I doubt whether any boating can be more pleasant or romantic than sailing down the coast of Trinidad on a moonlight night. There was no cabin to the sloop, and, indeed, no deck; but that was no hardship, fox in latitude 10 degrees a bit of spare sail is ample covering on a clear nieht. The three mountain peaks of the l3land looked far higher under the moonlight than they do under the sun. The air is so clear and individual trees stand out so plain that it Is difficult for a stranger to estimate the height of mountains in the tropics, but moonlight shows them for what they are. "The boatmen assured me that an Indian village once stood on the site of the. pitch lake, and that its people offended their deity so terribly that the village was destroyed and the barren black lake appeared in its )lace. They told me some wonderful stores, tool of people being lost in the lake, engulfed In the pitch, and cf men standing sometimes in one spot till the surface sank with them, leaving them in a circular bowl five or six feet across and three or four feet deep. However, they had a stone Jug with them filled with Trinidad rum 'to keep off Ue night chill, boss,' and I noticed that 'the more chills they kept off the more thrilling their stories. "There were few signs of occupation or civilization along the coast: so it was a little startling when we reached La Brea, at about 8 o'clock in the morning, to be received on -the beach by a policeman. He waa not there to guard the pitch, which feople would hardly care to steal, but to ook after the inhabitants of the little settlement on the shore. The whole occupied part of the Island is policed in this way by government police, and nearly every little settlement has Its lock-up. This does not indicate that the people are particularly de.p raved, or that a stranger runs an un- , usual risk in traveling anywhere. The ne?roes find native rum very cheap and efective, and under its genial influence they sometimes become boisterous. The coolies, too. gentle and graceful as they are,, need looking after, because they sometimes conelder It necessary to kill a wife. They buy a pretty, little half-naked child df ten or twelve years for a wife, and having bought her from her parents and married her In due form, consider her a piece of property to be treated precisely as they please, even - the extent-of sticking -a kmfe into her if they think best; and this has been their custom through so many generations that they do not see why any one should Interfere as long as It is their own wife they kill. lio other man's. The British are trying to teach them better manners, with the aid of the island police. A QUEER LITTLE TOWN. "This black policeman in a blue uniform began to give us some directions about landing, but gave it up as soon as he recognized the boatmen, who, he knew, were familiar with the place. To any strange boatmail he would have given directions about the reefs, which are not reef3 of rock, but reefs of asphalt. Some of them are so large that they must contain thousands of tons; and the greater part of one of the largest has been cut away and brought to New York, where it has become part of the pavement in Central Park. "I did not Imagine that any little settlement in the tropics could be absolutely ugly and repulsive, but this one was. It was almost on the beach, but the beach was black. Pitch was mingled with the sand, and pitch and sand were rolled up together into black pebbles. All the tiny buildings, even to the police station, were built of wood, and mounted on stilts four or Ave feet high, to give a free circulation of air underneath. This, at least, Ii the native reason given for mounting all country houses on short posts, but I suspect strongly that the desire to avoid snakes and Insects has something to do with it. These slender buildings would have looked like American corn cribs if they had not been roofed with thitch. Borne of them were badly out of plumb, others only a little. It is unusual to see a British police station In bad order, so 1 made inquiries, and was told that it is imfiosslble to keep any building on a proper ine on that soil. Brick or stone buildings would not stand there at all, and that is why everything is built of light frame. The original soil was brown clay, but pitch is constantly overflowing from the lake and running down to the sea, and In that climate pitch 13 kept at about the consistency of soft putty, except when an unusually hot day makes a liquid of It. This mixture of pitch and brown clay sustains a rich vegetation, but it makes a poor foundation for buildings. "To make the situation clear let us suppose that this little settlement stood on the beach of Staten Island with tropical vegetation all about it, and a decided smell of pitch; with asphalt rocks showing their heads above the soil, and little rivulets of pitch hardened and stopped by the coolness of the night, but ready to resume their Journey toward the sea under the day's sun; with that sun beKinning to warm up to an uncomfortable extent, and with large and luscious pineapples growing In every possible space and corner, for l& Brea is celebrated for Its pineapples. Then you are to imagine a broad and reasonably smooth asphalt road leading from the beach up to the summit of the Staten island hills, a distance of more than a mile, to an elevation of about iro feet for one of the peculiarities of this strange lake is that it is on the summit of a hill. You must suppose the lake to be on the top of the highest of Staten Aland's hills, and you will have a pretty good Idea ot its location. And, by the way, you must see deep ruts worn in the aspnalt road by the ox carts that carry the stuff down to the coast. ON THE WAY TO THE LAKE. "My boatmen did not care to make the Journey up the hill, a.3 the lake was an old story to them; but the offer of a small coin induced one of the boys to act as my guide, and we set off on foot for the lake. T,t was natural, of course, that they should make this road of asphalt, plenty of the material being at hand; but it seemed odd to be walking In the confines of civilization over the sort of pavement that at home we see only in the parks and the best streets. There was one feature about it. though, that ne do not find in the parks. The ox carts, as I have Just saU. wear deep ruts In It. On every Uvtl spot tnee ruts are filled with rain water. There Is also a brownish dust that comes from the running of heavy wheels over the road, and this du.t settles upon th pools and makes them look so much like the roid itself that It is irnioasible to distinguish them. The natural result was that before we had gone far we fcad both had a dozen fall3 and were watersoaked at least as hii?n as the knees. "At the beginning we found a few negro huts on the right hand side, and cn the left a thick growth of low bush. On each side was a gutter. In which there was every indication that th pitch Is slowly making it? way down to the sex. Indeed, the tame thin? was noticeable In the roa 1 itself. Every hot sun makes the stuff so per, that it moves Imperceptibly down the hill, ana frequent repairs are necvsary. Th softness of the material U hardly compatible vit:i the dunt 1 have mentioned, and I do not undertake to explain th discrepancy; I onl know that thev aw both fact3. we wen oon beyond the huts, and ull vestiges of Civilization except the road, and the hlzher
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A we went the more pitch there w.is In the soil. No one could visit that neighborhood without being convinced that the- pitch on the shores is not native there, but that it trickles slowly down the hill frcm the lake. "As we neared the top all the surroundipg ground began to look like a rough asphalt pavement with very scanty vegetation. The lake Itself la not visible until the summit of the hill Is reached. On the ripht. in a slight depression, was a little forest of groo-groo palms, those curious members of the palm family that are very small at the base, but increas in size all the way to the top, and wear a scarf of loosened fibre just beneath the feathery foliage. The sun was out most beautifully strong by this time; but at length we rexched tne top, and the great pitch lake lay bsfore us. "There was no disappointment about it, but a great dtai of surprise. It is certainly a lake of coal-black pitch, covering ninetynine acres, according to the official reports, and they must be honest, or they would have made it an even hundred, nut it might as well have been called a plain of pitch, or a plateau of pitch, for it does not give the impression of a lake at all. It looks much larger than one hundred acres, glittering In the sun, and the half-dozen wooded islands in Its center probably Increase the idea of great size. It snows a flat, black surface of pitch and water, for it is not all one solid mas-, but an assemblage of circular or eccentric-shaped bodies like great, flatened out black umbrellas, with deep pools of water between. But these circular bodies fit up very closely together, so that the pools of water are narrow. Here and there the ends of logs stand upright three or four feet above the surface, with little dabs of pitch hanging from their tops, showing that they have come up, not gone down. "These separate bodies of asphalt, of every possible shape and of all sizes up to fifty feet or more in diameter, have been happily described as giant mushrooms flattened on top to a common level, pressed closely together, ind water poured In to fill the interstices. There is space enough between them to. look down into the water, and as far as can be seen they do not merge into one mass. The longest pole fails to find any point of contact; and whether they run together deep down in the earth, or how deep the pitch is, no man knows. VIEWS OF SCIENTISTS. "Before beginning the account of my Journey across the lake, let me tell you how the government scientists of Trinidad account for the presence of this Immense body of pitch the greatest in the world. It was long supposed that subterranean fires melted some substance into pitch; but the scientists scout this Idea now. The pitch is simply buried vegetable matter, they say, which in the course of ages would, in a temperate climate, have become first peat and then coal, but which in the hot, tropical soil Is converted into asphalt. Under the heavy pressure of the strata above It the li'juiU asphalt beneath Is forced to the surface, and the process is continually going on. In support of this they cite the facts that nearly all asphalt deposits are found in hot countries, and that sticks are frequently taken from this lake with one end partly converted into pitch, the other end still wood. "If this is the true explanation the separation of the mass into distinct 'mushroom' forms is easily accounted for. It is an oily substance as it comes up first, and each of these mush-rooms,' having come up separately from the softer mass below their oily sides would naturally refuse to unite. Rains of course supply the water, which not only fills the crevices, but In some places covers the surface to a considerable depth. "That is as much science s we can stand in one lesson; suppose we return to fact and pitch. There is a feebly marked rath across the lake which it is necessary to follow, because In many places the seams between the separate masses (or 'bosses.' as they are called) widen out to several feet, sometimes as much as eight or ten. feet, an l across these places planks have bem laid. "It was very much like walking across m immense aspr.alt-paved plaza, with a pi ink bridge to cross here and there, anc the sun shining hot enough upon It to make it soft to the root; Just about as soft, tha is, a. one of our a?phalt streets on a verj hot day. Several times I tried the experiment of standing still in one spot to sot whether the sunace would sink and leav. ::ie stan.ling in a big black bowl, but th: only rosult was an uncomfortable hotne In the feet, without any sinking that I coul-: Of course our feet made an impressloi of a fraction of an Inch at every step, bu that was the only slnk'n?r. My young guui flighted In Jumping across most of th hroad chams; while I, more sedate, cro3?e thorn on the pianks. "i'efore wc reached the little Islmds -.vich are said to vary In number at diffei .nt times and to change their positions, votloed two curious things; or rather I niced one of them, and my young guid showed me the otatr. Everywhere th su: .'ace of th ritch w.m lun-kmarked with l' tie drre.-s'.ons. as if there had been a bl.f ter there and 1: had burst. The3 wer. tiomeilrn.es as largs as a silver dollar, some
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Sizes 28 98'
have two cases or R2BBED HALF-WOOL Underwear, which wo offer at
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garment, regular price being $1 times the size of a hand, occasionally much, larger. I learned afterward thit these are' all spots where some vegetable matter has faJlen; perhaps a little cluster of leaves, perhaps a twig, or occasionally a larger branch. As the sun softens the surface these thJng3 sink in and tne pitch closes over them. When they decay enough ga3 is generated to blow the soft pitch open, and only the little hole remains. The curiosity that my guide showed me was even more interesting. " 'Dere, boss,' he said, 'try dat one. He rock " Iat one was one of the mushroom-like circles, perhaps live feet In diameter, with a border of water around it of two feet or more. I stepped upon the black platform and began to sway back and forth, and, sure enough, the platform rocked with me, moving very easily and touching Its neigh-, bors on whatever side I drove it toward. When I Investigated this apparently strange thing I found the cause simple enough. The soft pitch from underneath had been forced up through a small round aperture in the harder sunken surface, evidently so that It had come up In the form of a cylinder of eight or ten inches diameter, precisely like a mammoth stick of macaroni coming through the molds. As the top of the cylinder reached the surface it flattened out to the shape I found it in, leaving the cylinder in the center to support it. There are a number of these rocking places in the A VERY HOT TIACE. "The islands of the lake have no particular interest, though some of their trees are large enough to give a very welcome shade. It is not only the direct rays of the sun that make crossing the pitch lake an uncomfortable and sometimes a dangerous matter; the rays are reflected from the shining pitch so furiously that, in spite of umbrella and broad-brimmed hat, the crosser is sure to be badly scorched. The islands, however, lead on to greater things beyond; to the very fountain-head of the lake, where the soft pitch, fresh from below, is ever oozing to the surface.. It is not necessary for the guide to tell a visitor when he is approaching this place he finds it out for himself. Oh, the smell of it! Sulphur and brimstone and kerosene oil and sulphuretted hydrogen combined! If you could take all the aspnalt pavements -in New York and put them in a bag, and beat the bag and tnen put your head In it you would get a faint idea of the perfume of that part of the lake. There is & sulphury looking foam that colors the pitch yellow and white, and gas bubbles arise from both pitch and water. "In the openings between the 'mushrooms fresh pitch was constantly oozing out, and in the places where we stood it was so soft that we sank in as into mud. I could hardly fret over the idta that the fresh pitch comng out must be hot, ;nd that it must burn the bare feet of my f.mide. That is a very natural impression, bat, of course, an erroneous one. The pitch underneath Is no more hot than coal ir a mine is hot: it is only when lying on the surface under the sun that it becomes heated. "Naturally you will ask, 'Where does this fresh pitch go to that is constantly oozing outr Nowhere. It presses back the mushrooms' closer togetner. fills up what vacant spaces it can find, and takes life with true tropical carelessness. If it cannot find foot room to-day, by to-morrow pome more of the edges of the lake may have melted and run over, and then there will be room for more crowding. And why. Instead of all thi3 pushing, does It not rise into the air and form columns, and pyramids and things? I was foolish enough to ask myself that question at first, and pernaps it may occur to you. Simply because it is the weight of the hard surface that forces the fresh pitch up, and the soft stuT cannot rise higher than the weight that forces it. You've heard of the man wno tried to raise himself by his hoot strips, without any great success. It is on account of this simple law of mechanics that the surface of the lake is practically level. "We stooped down over the fresh, soft pitch and 'washed' our hands In It without "blacking them in the least. I cannot say without soiling them, for the fresh pitch is oily, and It is also full of mud. Twentyrive per cent, of the entire contents of tne ike's clay, thoroughly incorporated with i;e pitch. It is because It is wet and mully and oily that: it will not stick to trie lands. I took handfuls of it up and molded :t Into a dozen different forms; drew It out i'lto long ropes and wound these around my .vrJkin? stick; but neither to hanis nor -tick did the smallest particle cf pitch ad lore, though I cannot say as much for the m:d and oil. "We spent a night In La Brea and aboard '.ie boat to give me an opportunity to mak nother viit to the lake next day, for 1 vas grratly interested in the spo: thn i? rraduilly coming down the hill bv the oxm load to make r .mnts for New Yorl. reets. Tn3 evening in La T.rea added tc 'ie information I had gained about the oies of TrinlJad." Eqnallty for the .Nesro. lev. John Conway, in Donahoe's Magazine The greatest Influence In the way of fa-.-oribly disposing the colored people to
of this citv you'll find Clothing1 that is rrood. bad and
YOUTHS' OVERCOATS Young Men's Single and Double-breasted Kersey and Frieze Overcoats, sold last year at $10, $12 and $15 now
to 34. per garment. A wards . Christianity has ccme Irom Archbishop Ireland. His speeches' on the regro problem have dispelled all racial prejudice from St. Paul, and have made him the idol of the Afro-American throughout the land. The Archbishop demands such equality, civil, political and social, for the colored man as his Intelligence and behavior warrant. Even though Archbishop Ireland's utterances may offend the sensibilities of a few Southerners, his speeches have given the public an opportunity of honoring the fiosition of the Catholic Church on the vasty humanitarian question of the equality of race3. He reasons out his position with regard to the negro from the platforms of the Christian religion and of American citizenship. He himself grants all that he asks from others. Let me quote his own words: "For my part, I should deem myself unworthy of my American citizenship and unworthy of my Christian Inheritance did I consider a man in any manner inferior to me because of color, and were I not prepared to extend to him, as I now do, despite the clamorlngs of prejudice and Ignorance, the full right hand of fellowship and brotherly equality." f . In a Hole. Philadelphia Press. The Democrats, particularly Colonel Singerly, cannot put the blame on hard times. They have been demonstrating to their own satisfaction for weeks that a great business revival began on Aug. 27. and that everybody has been rapidly growing rich since that time. They will hardly have the assurance now to say that the hard times did it. $l.o0 to Springfield, 111., and Return. Jfl.OO to Decatur, III., and lteturn. Via I., D. & W. It. R., Sunday, Nov. IS. Special train will run through without change of cars, leaving Union depot at 7 a. m., arriving Decatur at 12 noon and Springfield at 1 p. m. Returning, train will leave Springfield at 6:15 p. m. and Decatur at 7:lo p. rn. This Is the cheapest excursion of the season. Don't miss it. For tickets and full information call at city office, 131 South Ji.i.-iois street, or Union station. Telephone 1026. ECZEMA Head one Solid Sore. Itching; Awful. Had to Tie Ills Hands to Cradle. Speedily Cured by Cutlcura. Our little boy broke ontonhls head with a bad form of eczema, when ho was lour months old. AVe tried three doctors, but they did not help him. We then used your three Ccticura Remxxoes, and alter using them eleven weeks exactly amuiuuig io uirecnons, na began to steadily improve, and after the use of ihem for c(.ven months Irs head was entirely well. " heu we began using it his head was asuiid sore from the crown to his eyebrows. It wa also all over his cars, most of his fao and small j laces on different jarts of his body. There were sfxteen weeks thit wnlinil In L-Aotihl. V. tied to the cradle and hold them when he was taken up; and had tokvn mittens tied on his bands to keep his fincrrr xiails out of the Bores, as he would scratch if he could in any war pes bis hands loose. AVe know your Cctic"uk1:emJ:di r.s cured him. Wo Xeel safe in recomiuendiu" tiiem to others. GEO. E. & JAXETTA IIATtRIS, Webster, Ind. CUTIGUEA WORKS WONDERS rarents to know that a single application of JheCuTircR.v Kexlmbi will a.Tord instant relief, permit rest and sleep, and point to a speedy cure in the most tortuiing and tiisnurir.g of kin and scalp diseases, and not to use them ij to fail ia your duty. Ct Tict n I!n.MCME.s are the purest, sweetest and most elective s'iia cares. Moo 1 purifiers and humor remedies ever co-niKKinded. They appeal v. j ,h irrUistible foreo to ino'-hers, nurses, and rdl having the care. r2 children. la rents should rencnil-cr that cures made in chilwdiood sro recdy, economical and I'ennaent. FoU throughout the world. Price, CTTTCrm. c; -o.p,i:.c.; KooLViNT, n. l'orr: n DuuJ S"D CUE.M. Com., bole Proprietori , Poutoa. to Si3-" How to Cure kln iHftasce," mailed free. s S-In and culp rr;3ed and IcautiCd Ly CcTictraA eAr. .AbtwkUi-ly pure. h S , U tiEAK EGSE3 ri Of females instantlv roJ?ov.l i.rih netr. eleirant. an l infa'VMrt Ant !,'- to Pain, lnammution, and Wcaknrsatho CuiJcum A&U-i'ala ntr.
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BOYS
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Boys' all-wool Cheviot and Frieze Ulsters, cut extra long, never sold for less than $7 and $7.50, this week
Sizes 6 to 14.
WINTER GAPS ' We have all the late ideas and patterns in Slide-band Yachts and Windsors, which cannot fail to please you if you will but inspect them. Prices range from 25c to Rocky Mountain Goat Robes, $3.50
Plush Lined Robes, $5 Warm Gloves, Cardigan Jackets, Jersey Coats, Night Robes, Woolen Shirts, Mufflers, etc.
1 t'4 RECEIVING
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MORE DRS" GOODS FOR OUR MONET THIS FALL THAN EVER, CONSEQUENTLY WE ARE
GIVING
MORE DRY GOODS FOR YOUR MONEY THAN EVER! THESE OFFERINGS PROVE IT:
One lot W. B. Corsets, in black, white and drab, long walsted, each 31. One lot W. B. Corsets, not quite bo fine, in white, black and drab, for the. One lot J. C. Corsets, all colors, these are beauties; are worth 75c, now 50c. One lot Black Sateen Skirts, warranted not to crock, for SSc. Ixt Ladies Hose, Hermsdorf dye, pair 13c. Lot Ladies' Hose, Hermsdorf dye, fleece lined, worth 25c pair, now 19c. Ladies Hose, fleece lined, Hermsdorf dye, for 25c, Soc, L9c, 45c and 50c. Trimming ribbons, moire, silk, satin, also velvet ribbons, silk baby at 2c yard, No. 4 silk or atin for 4c yard. 2 boxes mourning pins for 5c. 1 paper best pins, ZJi count, for 5c. Hair curlers, three sizes, for 5c and 7c. Latest style wine-colored dress prints, some beautiful figures, 5c. Fancy figured prints, per yard 5c and 6c. Best apron gingham, per yard 5c. Double napped tennis, white, per yard 4c.
CHASo MAGUIRE 174 and 17G West Washington Street.
OlD PROCESS WHISKEY answers mry test ef the U.S. Pharmicopaia. Ths purity ind ex. cellenceof this Whiskey recommend it for ail medicinal uses "John N. Hurty, Aral y lie a.1 Chemist R. CUMMINS & CO. GL1 PROCESS SOUR MASH
WHI Free from Fusel Oil, Artificial Absolutely Pure, A Perfect Stimulant, For Medicinal Purposes. D lofg
ffho -li. Ouramin & Co. OM Procesa Sonr Mh WhUkej' la sol i by u rrnrMe rrilt Tn. gialM. Itki.atupinboiUesbcartngrhUior?U16UoL PRICE. PER QUART, 11.23. A. KIEPER DRUp COMPANY, INDIANAPOLIS, Uholesalo Druffslsta and Sole Distributors R. CUMMINS & CO.. Distillers, LORETTO. KENTUCKY.
DIRECT FROM TH5 FACTORY THE FINEST DISPLAY OF DRESDEN CHINA Exa:niit3 those $30 tes. They arc Gems. r?Seo VUost Show VUlnaw.
CHARLES MAYER & CO, 29 & 31 West Washington Street.
The Sunday Journal,
indifferent. very best the other THE TOOLE." m Same thing, only heavier, per j-urd 5c Cotton thaker flannels for be and 10c. Cotton flannels, per yard 5c, c, 7c. Sc. 10o and 15c. Iarge towels (16x48 in.) per towel 25c Glass linen crashes, per yard 5c. Blue and Red plaid crash, per yard Dc. Turkey red damasks, 56 In. wide, beautiful patterns, for 19c, 20c, 25c, 29c, 35c, 33c and 45c yard. Lot latest style cloaks from 31.93 to 311 each. Ix)t boys' waist?, dark colors, each 15c. Tennis flannel for boys' waists, sama beautiful patterns, was 10c yard, now Kc. Boys' yachting caps, in blue and fancy stripes, each 25c. Girls yachting caps, in fancy colors. OUR MILLINERY DEPARTMENT. is filled with all the latest Paris styles, and can be had at prices in reich of every ,woman and girl. KEY Flavor and Artificial Coloring Catter.
"Owing to lte absolute purity I nK wny preocrlbo r. Cummins Old Process Uhlsksy, where a sstlm Ulnnt Is required. ".-12. S. CLDCK,
Dn. "The Medical Col of Indiana, by Mail, $2 per Annul
