Indianapolis Journal, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 January 1894 — Page 4

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THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, THURSDAY, JANUARY 4, 1891.

THE DAILY JOURNAL THURSDAY, JANUARY 4. 1804.

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THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL Can be found at the following places: PARIS American Exchange in Paris, 36 Boulevard tie Capucines. NEW YOHK GUsey House and Windsor JJoteL PniUvDELriIIA-4. rTKemWe, 3735 Lancaster avenue. CHICAGO Palmer Houses, CINCINNATI-J. It Ilawley A Co., 154 Vine street. LOUISVILLE C.T. Deering; northwest corner of Third and JeCerson streets. T. LOUIS Union News Company, Union Depot. WASHINGTON, D. O-RJf ss House and Ebbitl House. What with the salaries they receive and the cost they put on the people by their errors many of our Judges come very high. Every volume of our Supreme Court report 13 largely made up of cases reversed on account of the Ignorance of Judges of bwer courts. Mr. Bynum will not win back much support by coming" to the rescue of an internal revenue tax which, If passed as a separate measure, Mr. Cleveland will veto. The News having stigmatized the Indiana veterans of the war for the Union as "a burden like unto the grasshopper," the Journal Is content to be classed by it with Anarchists. A large proportion of the cost of litigation, both civil and criminal, la In new trials on account of erroneous rulings by the judges of lower courts. With competent Judges this expense would be avoided. The Richmond (Ind.) Independent, heretofore a Democratic paper, has become Republican. The causes assigned In an article printed In another column are the general worthlessness of th'e Democratic party and Its Incapacity to administer the government. Edward Atkinson, the Boston statistician and would-be philosopher, explained to a body of reformers how it is possible for working people to live on a dollar a month. It need not be added that Mr. Atkinson is the head Brahmin of the Beacon-street free traders. It is reported that the President has ordered the ways and means committee to hold back the Wilson bill until a bond loan bill shall be reported and passed, so great is the urgency of the treasury. It is well to provide for the Wilson bill deficit by calling for a loan in advance. One of the laws which needs to be repealed is the present one giving indicted persons permission to be tried in other counties than that where the crime was committed, unless it is the aim of the statutes of Indiana to open as many avenues to the pockets of taxpayers as possible. That is a very fine distinction in the law of evidence which would make It evidence for a person to testify that he heard another cry out, "These men are killing me," and no evidence when it is given by the dying person, "Those boys came back and shot me." Is it a fact that these fine distinction? are gradually making it impossible to convict criminals? Tho individual income tax as agreed on by the ways and means committee exempts all incomes under $1,00) and imposes a tax of 2 per cent, on the excess above that. Thus, if one's income is $5,000 a year he is taxed 2 per cent on $1,000, and if it Is $10,000 a year he pays on $0,000. The measure will have rough sledding before it gets through Congress, and may encounter a presidential, veto. When the Parker-McAfee case comes up for a new trial their attorney will probably move for a change of venue on the ground that they cannot have a fair trial in this county. If the change la granted, as probably it would be, Marlon county will have to foot the bills of the new trial, which will be largely Increased by reason of the change of venue. This is one of the penalties of electing Incompetent Judges. It was demonstrated that no Interest could better take a portion of the burden of Internal taxation than beer manufacturing, but when the breweries set forth that they gave their vote to the Democracy, the Wilson committee, which had regarded the proiosltIon with favor, took the back track. All other Industries are sacrificed with unrelenting hand, but the single industry which claims to be Democratic i untouched. These be tricklsh times for Democratic Congressmen. Representative Cooper, of this State, has received a telegram from Columbus advising him of a petition In clrculaton, already bearing 1,000 names, asking him to vote against and use all honorable means to prevent the passage of the Wilson bill. The petitioners are largely Democrats who are out of work and business men who find their annual Income has not kept up with what It was a year ago. Mr. John Most-s, of Trentcn, N. J., proprietor of one of the largest potteries In tho United States, made an offer on Saturday last to LI employes to pay them the highest rate of wages paid In England for similar work, adding thereto the amount of the tariff on the goods which he manufactures, whether It is continued at the present rate or is changed by the Wilson bill. The offer was made to a oommlttee of employes representing every

department of the pottery. Its advantages and disadvantages were explained to the men, and they were asked to discuss the matter among themselves before giving an answer. Mr. Moses says his object is to set all his hands at work and to establish a basis for the permanent regulation of wages in the future. If the offer is accepted it will work a large reduction in the scale of wages heretofore paid. It proves beyond a doubt that the tariff has a direct and potential bearing on wages.

AX IMPEXDIXG FIXAXCIAL CRISIS. If Senator Voorhees Is correctly reported, he talks sensibly in regard to the Importance of an early dlsiosltl6n of the tariff question. He sajs the business interests of the country demand It, and that he will do all In his power to expedite Senate action on the bill and forward Its final disposition. This Is right, but there 13 another matter of great importance pressing for the immediate action of Congress. This is the duty of averting national bankruptcy and dishonor consequent upon the Inability of the government to meet accruing liabilities. The government Is in the position of a man whose expenditures largely exceed his income, and who is confronted with the inevitable exhaustion of his bank account. The available balance In the treasury is lower than it has been for many years, and decreasing every day. The revenues of the government are falling off at an alarming rate, while its expenditures do not diminish at all. The deficit during December was nearly $t,000,0C'J, and there is a prospective deficit on July 1. 1S94, of fully $70,000,000 unless something Is done to avert it, There Is no certainty that the tariff bill as finally passed, If, Indeed, it shall be passed at all, will supply the mean3 of providing for this deficit, and even if there were the government could not wait. The situation is too urgent for that, the crisis is too close. Something must be done at once, and the question Is, what? In the opinion of tho Journal It is a case where common sense, patriotic duty and financial wisdom unite in a common verdict The government should borrow money. The Secretary of the Treasury should Immediately bo authorized to issue bonds in a sum suffi cient to replenish the treasury, and place beyond any doubt the ability of the gov ernment to meet its accruing liabilities without drawing further on the gold re serve. This is by far the speediest, safest and wisest way of meeting the present emergency. In fact, from a conservative financial point of view, it is the only way. An U3ue of $100,000,000 of gold-bearing bonds would not only give stability to the treasury, but would bring Into circulation the millions now hoarded in the banks and contribute materially to tho restoration of better times. This matter should receive the immediate attention of Congress. It is fully as important as the tariff question. Kit ROUS OF LAW. In the Parker-McAfee case the Supreme Court found that the lower court committed three errors in its rulings or instructions to the Jury. Although in a sense technical, these errors are not beyond the understand ing of nonprofessional readers, and in the Interests of Justice they ought to be understood. First, the Supreme Court holds that the lower court erred in admitting the testimony of Mrs. Eyster as to what her husband said a few minutes after the murder. She testified that he said, "Those colored fellows that were in there when you were there are the ones that shot me." This tes timony was admitted as part of the res gestae. Thl3 is a Latin phrase meaning the thing done. It is a rule of law that every act or word which constitutes a part of the thing done is admissible in evidence. But to come within the definition of res gestae the thing described must constitute part of the transaction itself. It must be directly connected with the very act. In this case It was not. The fatal shot had been fired and the perpetrators of the crime had disappeared from the premises. The transaction was finished. It does not matter how little or how much time had elapsed between the .shooting and the murdered man's alleged declaration; the disconnection between the two was complete. If the wife had heard her husband exclaim while the murder was going on, "Those colored fel lows you saw In the store are killing me" that would have been part of the res gestae and clearly admissible. The testimony as offered purported to relate what the hus band said about the transaction after it was all over. It was his account of the res gestae, not part of the res gestae itself. This Is what the law calls hearsay evidence, which Is never admissible. It is sometimes difficult to decide what constitutes part of the res gestae, but a Judge is expected to be able to draw the line, and if he cannot he is not fit to be a Judge. Another error of the lower court was the instruction to the Jury that the fail ure of the defendants to account for their whereabouts during all tne time within which the alleged crime might have besn committed was a fact which might be properly considered by the jury in connec tion with any other evidence in the case tending to prove guilt. This was equiva lent to saying that the defendants -must prove their Innocence beyond the possibil ity of a reasonable doubt. That is not the theory of the law. In all criminal cases It Is for the State to prove the guilt of the accused, not for the latter to prove his Innocence. It does not require a lawyer to understand this distinction, and to see that the court below erred in its charge. The Supreme Cmrt also finds that the lower court commuted error In refusing to Instruct the Jury cn the subject of rea sonable doubt. The law requires the guilt of an accused person to be proven to the satisfaction of evory juror beyond a rea sonable doubt, and that being the law it is the duty of courts to so instruct. Juries are made Judges of the law as well as the facts, but they must be told what the law is and what condition of mind Is nccesrary to justify them in reaching a verdict of guilty. These rules of law are not so technical as they may seem at first night. They are founded in reason, justice and long experience, and are as necessary for the protec tion of tin Innocent as they are for the pun-

Ishment of the guilty. It is, greatly tVbe

regretted that so many Judges do not understand them well enough to construe and apply them without committing errors which lead to reversals and new trials. The case of James A. Wood furnishes an other instance of the failure of Justice ) through the erroneous rulings of a trial Judge. Wood was an attendant in the hospital for the insane near Richmond, and was charged with causing the death of a patient by cruel and Inhuman treatment, The evidence was strong enough to convict him, and he was sentenced to twentyone years In the penitentiary. Then began the usual legal routine a motion for new trial, appeal to the Supreme Court, etc. The Supreme Court reversed the case and sent it back for new trial, but as three years have passed since the Indictment was found, the witnesses have become scattered, and the prosecutor, believing it impossible to secure another conviction," ha3 dismissed the case. If the court below had not committed errors of law the first ver dict would have stood. Is it not time for the people to demand that Judges know the law? If five thousand names were voted on at the late election fraudulently in Chicago, as the papers assert it is the first duty which the Republicans of that city owe to popular government to punish as many of the rascals as they can lay hands on. In Xew York a hundred ballot box criminals have been indicted. They may escape, because the new district attorney 13 a pliant tool of Tammany, but in Chicago, where all the judges are men of Independence, the legal machinery can be made to punish such offenders. If one hundred of those scoundrels are convicted, the others will be very chary next fall. If not they will cast ten thousand fraudulent votes next November. Attention Is called to the fact that be fore the war, South Carolina exchanged $123,000 of it3 bonds for $123,000 of the cash funds of the Choctaw school fund. When the war began interest ceased and its pay ment has not since been resumed, but the United States has been paying that interest twenty-nine and a half years, until It amounted, Jan. 2, 1S94, to $346,250. That sum would be very acceptable just now, and if it were Indiana instead of South Carolina the obligation would have been paid long ago. The Kokomo Tribune prints the follow ing address, made on Saturday last by the president of the Crystal plate-glass works of that city, to its six hundred employes. He said: In conformity with a notice which was duly posted on the 13th inst. the works were closed at noon to-day, and will remain. closed, as stated In the notice, until such, time as the company and its employes can' agree uron the new scale of wages. The occasion which renders a readjustment of wages absolutely necessary is found In the present demoralized condition, not only in the plate-glass industry, but in all other industrial occupations involving the employment of labor, and Is In strong contrast with the conditions of prosperity that prevailed a little over a year ago, when the factory wheels were turning and labor was finding steady and profitable employment. To go Into details with re spect to the extraordinary change which has taken place within the space of a little more than twelve months wouia introuuee the question of politics, which I have neither the intention nor inclination to discuss at this time beyond stating that a year ago last November the worklngmen voted ror a change in the industrial policy of the government, with the prospect now before them of getting a good deal more or a change than they bargained for. In other words, witn tne cnange or administration we are to have, as far as the present administration can accomplish it, a radical change In our tariff legislation, the fear of which is the direct cause of so many Idle mills, factories, workshops and men throughout the entire country. It remains, thererore, ror you to say whether or not we shall partially resume operations early In January, or whether these works shall remain cioseu muennneiy. A new scale of wages Is being prepared and will be presented to you I hope by the day after New Year's. No doubt a large number of the men to whbm these remarks were addressed voted for G rover Cleveland on the Chicago platform which denounced protection and demanded the Immediate repeal of the McKlnley lav.. If It were to do over again perhaps they wouldn't The action of the County Commissioners in rejecting Dr. Ei3enbeiss's bill of $1,250 for analyzing the stomachs of the deceased members of the Koesters family is alto gether commendable. The charge is gross ly exorbitant The people have been plundered sufficiently by the coroner's office and Its annexes, and It is time to call :a halt It is by no means certain that these alleged analyses did not furnish a material part of the foundation for the prosecution. of Anna Wagner, which proved such a costly failure for the State. It would have been remarkable, indeed. If the Marlon County Commissioners had awarded tho contract for burying paupers to the lowest bidder, as they should. The whole of Marion county business is run In the interest of the courthouse ring. The Democratic undertakers, however, who got the Job should not havo been so greedy as to demand nearly double pay for their services. - - In Maine the woman who enticed several Keely graduates to drink whisky, putting It to their Hps, has been fined $C50 and her vocation interrupted by an imprisonment of eighteen months. Such is the terror of the Maine law when it Is set In motion. Pittsburg saloon keepers propose to do the philanthropic act by giving one day's receipts to charity. This will afford an unequaled opportunity for a bibulous and bensvolent public to indulge In a jag. HINTS FOR COXGRESS. Of all the bills presented at the beginning Of the new year, the one bearing Mr. Wilson's name will be the hardest to pay. St. Louis Globe-Democrat (Rep.) Congress will please permit the Unitod States to borrow a little money at once, and then fix things up so that we may pay as we go. Cincinnati Enquirer (Dem.) When the Wl'son bill Is struck down by a blow that will be to the people a pledge that It will stay down, the wheels will again begin to go round. Chicago Inter Ocean (Hep.) Perhaps Mr. Wilson, you could get money to fill up the prospective yawning vacuum In Uncle Sam's strong box after your bill Is passed by a tax on funerals, like that in Paris. New York Recorder (Kep.) Congress returns to work to-morrow after Its holiday recess. The country's condition demands and the people expect that it will proceed to smash the McKinley tariff law Into smithereens. That Is exactly what it was elected to do. Chicago Herald (Dem.) If both parties would agree to vote upon the Wilson bill without speeches or amendments they would do more to satisfy the country than 13 possible from any other mode of treatment. The people do not ask for further discussion. St. Louis Republic (Dem.) The commercial interests of the country demand speedy action on the Wilson bill. There Is little doubt that a period of great business activity will follow its passage. Depression will continue while the tariff question is in suspense. Chicago Record (Ind.) . No matter what Mr. Cleveland may think, or what college theorists may write, or what

narrow-minded partisans may say. It Is the belief of the people that the abandonment of the administration tariff policy would lead to an Important change in affairs. Cincinnati Commercial Gazette (Rep.) The defeat of the Wilson bill Is, the one question of paramount Importance to every one of the twenty-four millions engaged In gainful occupations and their dependents. It literally extends to every home and fireside In the land. The duty of the hour is to work against this bill, that it may be defeated and the dawn of better times come with the year 189 1. New York Press (Rep.) BUBBLES IX TUB AIR.

Information Wanted. Tommy Say, paw? Mr. Figg Well? Tommy Did the Marble Dealers' Association say anything about raising the price of white alleys or agates? i Different Circumtttmices. "So you married a telephone girl on account of her sweet voice, eh? Are her tones as dulcet as ever? "Er well they might be If they were at the end of two or three thousand feet of wire, as in the old days." Jut for KindnesH. "Your salary has been $4,200 h?retofore, Mr. Penns," said the employer. "Yes," assented the head clerk. "Well, we will just knock the two hundred oil from now on. That will enable you to escape the Income tax." Good Logic. "My dear," timidly ventured Mr. N. Teck, as his wife stood at the ticket window arguing with the agent, "there are more than forty people behind you, getting madder every minute." "I don't care," snapped Mrs. Teck. "Forty people are not going to get any madder than just one." STATE PRESS OPIXIOX. Mr. Cleveland should take advantage of the season to swear off on his policies. Goshen Times. The old soldiers of Pike county think that Hoke Smith's pay should be stopped until he has been re-examined. Petersburg Press. "Pass the Wilson bill," is the slogan of the Democrats. "Pass the subscription paper for the needy poor" Is the echo. Huntington Herald. The main point in the Democratic plan of tariff reform Is the fact that it proposes to met a necessity for more revenue by lessening the means of obtaining such an advantage. Vincennes Commercial. One of the strongest arguments In favor of an Income tax from the Democratic point of view is the fact that a large number of additional federal offices will be required to assess and collect it Shelby ville Republican. Any one who looks upon a D3mocratIc convention or a prominent Democratic official these days is willing to change the former name of "unterrifled Democracy." At the present time they are the most ter-rlfied-looklng set of individuals to be found In the country. Muncle Times. The people of the State of Indiana cannot afford to be misrepresented at Washington without a protest. If the Wilson free-trade bill were to-day submitted to a vote of the people of this State it would be defeated by a majority of at least twenty thousand. Noblesvllle Ledger. ' ' What this country la most in need of at present Is fewer statesmen with schemes for. inflating the national currency, and a more liberal supply of practical financiers to devls Intelligent methods for getting into circulation the millions of money tied up and lying useless In banks and safety deposit vaults. Lafayette Courier. The township trustees of this State, in convention assembled, passed resolutions , "condemning in whole or in part about . every law enacted during the past six years. The majority of these trustees are ;Democrats. But they seem to have forgotten that the laws they resolved against were framed and passed by Democratic Legislatures. Frankfort News. ABOUT PEOPLE AXD TIIIXGS. Mr. Walter Crane, the well-known English painter, has been appointed head of the municipal art school at Manchester, at a salary of $3,000 a year. By the will of Mrs. John Clay, who for the past six years conducted her late husband's stock farm in Kentucky, $50 per year 13 bequeathed, to be expended on every superannuated horse on the farm, with no work. , . Complaints are getting Into newspaper print In both the Carollnas that the little Carolinian boys and girls are -much better up in the stories of the Boston Tea Party, Lexington, Bunker Hill, etc., than In the revolutionary annals of their own States. It Is said that Henri Ibsen is faddy "almost to the point of old-maidlsm," and cannot endure disorder. One of his fads Is to b very secretive In his work, no one ever krowlng what he Is doing until the last sheet of his manuscript Is in the printer's hands. It is said that on the fly-leaf of an odd volume of Emerson's works accidentally picked up by Professor Tyndall at an old bcok stall o. volume which first made him acquainted with the writings of the New England seer are Inscribed these words: "Purchased by inspiration." Mme. Emma Seller, a German woman, first discovered the mechanism - of head note3, the highest tones In the female voice. She devoted herself to the study of the larynx at the dissection table, and was rewarded by finding two small cartilages m the vocal chords which produced these sounds. Dr. James W. Kelser, of Reading, Pa., read a paper before the medical society of that city last week in which he strongly combated the general position that tobacco Is injurious. He asserted that In moderate doses it calms restlessness, stimulates the intellectual faculties, causing a feeling of repose, increases the flow of saliva and has a slightly laxative effect. Sir George Lewis, the famous London lawyer. It has been said, knows enough to hang half a dozen of the biggest men in the city. He said the other day: "I have not kept a diary for over twenty years. When I found that my business was becoming so confidential I determined that I would never chronicle another thing; so when I die the confidences of London society die with me." Sir Andrew Clark, when accused of "'abusing his eyes" by writing hour after hour during the railway journey from London to Holyhead, said: "I am using my eyes, not abusing them. You cannot injure any organ by the exercise of it, but it Is the excess of use which injures. I have been always accustomed when traveling to write, and occasionally to read, without the smallest symptom of mischief, otherwise I would not do it." When, we are gone. The generation that comes after us Will have far other thoughts than ours. Our ruins Will serve to build their palaces or tombs. They will possess the world that we think ours And fashion It otherwise. Longfellow. Taxing: Ilnchelorn find Spinster. New York Press. Our esteemed contemporary, the Springfield Union, comes forward with a counter proposition that spinsters with an Income of their own shall also be taxed. This would, indeed, be the "culminating atrocity of class legislation." Why merely spinsters with an income of their own? Why not tax all unmarried women alike? There are numbers of women with no resources of their own except their brains and hands who now support their husbands. If the object is to beguile bachelors into mp.trimony why narrow their opportunities? While the country Is engaged in relieving the people of 'vicious. Illogical and Inequitable" taxation let us make the "reform" thorough. If we are to try any form of taxation lunacy why not try them all? Work of tire Harrison AdmlnlMt ration. Philadelphia Record (Dem.) One of he really deserving achievements of the Harrison administration was its successful warfare upon the I Louisiana lotterv. After having mad: the position of the lottery company uncomfortable and unprofitable In this country it broke up the arrangement with Queen Lllluokalanl for safe harborage at Honolulu. The proposed establishment of the lottery at Honduras will bring it still within striking distance of the United States, and there should be sedulous effort to prevent illicit ticket-selling.

POPULISTS SPLIT UP

Having a Pretty Row Over Questions for the btatc Platform. Taubeneck Denies His Reported Effort to Sell Out the Tarty-Candidates for Nominations. A conference of the leading Populists of the State was held, last night, at Room S3, English Hotel. It was a secret conclave and It came together on the call of Chairman Strange, of the State committee. H. E. Taubeneck, chairman of the national committee, and President C. A, Robinson, of the F. M. B. A., were present and were active participants in the proceedings. The course to be pursued by the Populist party in the approaching campaign was the subject under consideration. It appears that a factional fight is going on within the party as to the platform of principles which will be adopted at the State con- I ventlon, one faction favoring the governmental ownership and control of railroads, while another, headed by C. A. Robinson, is bitter in its opposition to inserting such a clause In the platform. Secretary L. II. Johnson, of Vermillion county, was seen after the conference, but refused to give out anything of interest He said: "The object of the call was to get our men together for consultation. Of course, men In any movement differ as to the policy of the party. We have come together to agree on a platform of principles. Our conference was informal and was harmonious." H. E. Taubeneck was seen after the conference and questioned as to his reported offer to both tho Republican and Democratic committees in the last campaign to deliver over the Populist vote of the State for a consideration. He replied with much warmth, "It is useless to discuss that matter as it was a lie out of whole cloth." He defied any man connected with either committee to produce a scintilla of evidence connecting him in any way with such a deal. He had "made no proposition to a.ny member of either party on or off the State committee to sell out the People's' party in the campaign of 1S92, and ail storied to the contrary were manufactured for the purpose of destroying the party's influence in the election of that year." Aaron Jones, of South Bend, has been In tho city for several days attending the State agricultural convention. Mr. Jones who was the Republican candidate for Secretary of State at the last election, has announced his intention of again becoming a candidate for the same office. Mr. Jones Is very popular with the farmers over the State, and they rewarded his labors In their behalf by electing him as a member of the State Board of Agriculture from his district at yesterday's convention. Mr. Jones has served two terms as auditor of St. Joseph county and is very popular with the Republicans in northern Indiana. O. N. Tichenor. of Princeton, whose name has been prominently mentioned In connection with the nomination of Supreme Court Clerk, is in the city. Mr. Tichenor is a wide awake young Republican and his friends are pushing his claims for recognition with great earnestness. Senator Perry N". Knffrhtstown. is In the city. He reports the prospects for Republican succoj m jus section as very bright and growing dally. Capt W. H. Hart of Frankfort will contest for the Republican congressional nomination in his district He said, yesterday, that his chances for nomination were first-class. THEORY AXD EXPERIENCE. Xntlve norn Free Traders nnd Foreign Horn Protectionism. Newark Advertiser. , It Is a marked phase of the present time in Newark, a3 well as elsewhere, that foreign-born citizens of intelligence, who discuss the tariff situation at all, are almost Invariably protectionists, and argue most intelligently from experience gained by working under both systems. A notable feature of the worklngmen's metlngs held in the Belleville-avenue Rink and Saenger Hall was the warnings given at each by foreign-born men, that the passage of the Wilson bill would subject the labor of . this country to the wages and conditions that prevail in the free-trade countries of Europe, and from which they were glad to escape. At the tariff discussion In Chester Row, a pair of heavy wooden-soled and iron-shod shoes were exhibited as a sample of the shoes worn in the Lancashire district of England. Mr. Smith, a workingman, residing in Karney, arose and said that he came from Lancashire. The shoes, he continued, were such as were worn by Lancashire worklngmen on Sunday, and few of that class expected any better. He then went cn to show how, as a workingman, he had lived much better here and had accumulated some property, his prosperity being far beyond what he could hope to obtain in England. These things, he argued, should incite working people to sustain the tariff policy of this country-. Coming down town on the front of a Bellevllle-avenue car, a representative of the Dally Advertiser overheard a tariff discussion between a native and a Scotchman. The -native was expatiating upon how the tariff was injuring labor in this country, when the Scotchman took him to task. He stated that, whereas he received but 75 cents in Scotland, he had earned as much as $3 a day in this country. The native tried to offset this by telling him that his living was cheaper In the other country, but the canny Scot was not to be caught that way. With clearness he showed that the difference In the cost of living was very small when compared with the difference in wages. Among other things the native insisted that American beef was- shipped across the water and sold cheaper than here, which the Scotchman denied, saying that it was about 5 cents a pound higher there, and then went on to Insist that American worklngmen would be fools to allow the destruction of tneir system of protection. The subject of the tariff has become one of general discussion among the working people, who are handling it with great cleverness. "If those Jeffersonian Club fellows," said one worker to a group on the corner, "were men who worked for a living, they would not want the Wilson bill to pass. Perhaps '.jey think it will help them to get our laoor cheaper." Nor is the discussion confined to working people alone. "I voted money out of my pocket when I voted for Cleveland," said a man who lives on Broad street, and does business In New York. "The McKinley bill was Just what I wanted, and increased my business to a remarkable extent, but since the election of Cleveland and the prospect of tariff destruction it has been falling off steadily. I do not think I will be fool enough to again vote to Injure my own business and that of the country." These are but samples of the general talk heard in every part of Newark. The tariff, considered a short time ago as an abstract question of too great depth for ordinary understanding, has come to the people with such force that they now uh derstand It thoroughly., CXE OF GUAXTS LAST LETTERS. Communication to Sennlor Losrnn Touching the Xnahvlllc Cnmpnin. Washington Special in Chicago Tribune. While searching the archives In the War Department recently a letter was unearthed from General Grant to Senator Iogan, written about ten years ago, and while the General was confined to his room from injuries received by a fall In New York. At the time of the accident he was In the act of handing a cabman $10 as a present when his feet slipped ancf he fell upon the sidewalk just in front of his residence. The letter was dictated by the General to his stenographer, Frank F. Wood, and was written in response to a communication from Senator Iogan, who was engaged in conducting a political campaign In the West By some means the letter was transmitted to the War Department and In making up the history of the Nashville campaign it became mixed up with those papers, it lias no bearing whatever upon the conduct of the war, and has been regarded by the authorities at the War Department as the personal property of Mrs. logan. to whom It has been sent. This letter, which is dated Feb. 14, 1SS4, has never yet been published and relates to the order relieving General Thomas from his command after the battle of Nashville. It reidsas follows: . "NEW YORK. Feb. 14. ISSt. "The Hon. John A. I-gan, United States Senate," Washington, D. C: "Dear Sir In reply to your letter of the 11th inst I have to say that my response must be from memory entirely, having no data at hand to refer to; but in regard to the order for you to go to Louisville and Nashville for the purpose of relieving Gen.

Thomas I never thought of the question of who should command the combined armlet of the Cumberland and the Ohl. I was simply dissatisfied ith the slowness of General Thomas's movements and sent von out with orders to relieve him. No doubt If the order had been carriM out the question would Immediately have arisen as to who was entitled to the c-ombinl command, provided Gen. Schotleld was senior In rani: to you. which I do not know that he was. I know that his confirmation as a major general took place long after yours, but I do not know the date of his commission. Ths 'uetl n In that case, of the corrrnnn-l of the whole, would have been settled In a few hours by the use of tl telegraph between Nashville and Washington. I wai In Washington when you arrlvxl at Louisville and telegraphed tint General Thomas had removed and;- as I rem mber the telegram, expressing gratification tb.it he had done so. I was then on my way to Nashville mys?lf. nnd remained over a day in Washington hoping that Thomas might still move. Of course I was gratified when I leamrd that he had moved because it was a very delicate and unpleasant matter to remove a man of General Thomas'! character and standing before the country, but still I had urged him t-o long to move that I had come to think It a duty. Of cours3 in sending you to relieve General Thomas I meant no reflection whatever upon General Schofleld. who war. commanding the Army of the Ohio, because I thought that he had done very excellent service In punishing the entire force under Hood a few days before some twenty-five miles scuth of Nashville. Very truly yours. "U. S. GRANT." "New York. Feb. 23. 14. "Gen. Jorn A. Logan. United States Senate, Washington, D. C: "Dear General Since I have been eonfined to my room I have conducted all my correspondence through a secretary, who la a stenographer; and he takes my dictation to the office and writes the letters out there as dictated, and. by my direction, signs my name. I intended that the letter which I wrote to you should be brought back to ml for my own signature, and 1 sign this mjf self to show my entire responsibility for iVm one which you have just received, antf which I hope was satlsfactorv to vou.'ery truly yours. U. S. GRANT." GOXE REPUBLICAN.

A Demonatlc Paper Given Itrnnona ior Changing I(H Political Faith. Richmond Independent. . Beginning with this issue the Independent becomes a Republican paper, and will b published so hereafter. We have concluded to do this after a most careful e-onsidera-tion of tho matter. While it will be our aim and purpose to treat the opposition justly and fairly, the Independent will ba from this time on unmistakably Republican. This boKiause we are firmly convinced by results now known that tho policy of the Democratic party is such as most seriously injures the business of tht country and retards national. State and individual prosperity. By reason of th legislative incapacity, resultant from a lack; of agreement among Democrats themselves as to what laws should be enacted, the business of the country is In a chaos of uncertainty, and the party in power applies no remedy and is not likely to do so. We cannot agree with the declared principle of the Democratic party on the tariff question, and to its error on that question, perhaps more than to any other cause, ia due the existing hard times and the deplorable condition of the laboring men. While tariff reduction might with soma reason be urged in certain lines, already more has been lost to the business world by the proposed carrying out of the tariff declaration contained in the Chicago platform than the most sanguine tariff reformer can hope to save the ptople by the Wilson bill. There is no present necessity for disturbing the tariff, and it ia to be hoped that by the aid of Democrats, Republicans may, in the Senate, defeat the Wilson bill. The rolicv of the administration on tha pension question is such that the old sol diers are prejudiced and have come to re gard the Democratic party as opposed to them. It is true that Senator Voorhees and other leading Democrats have de nounced Hoke Smith, but it lias only h;id th effect to make him defiant md the ad ministration seems to continue bis emphatlo pension policy, and thus is the Democratic party being shorn of its strength. We believe the policy of the administration on the Hawaiian question to be unAmerican, wrong and unpatriotic and guided in part, at least, by a Secretary of State in a way to gratify his malice toward ex-President Harrison. The mora the facts are developed, the more apparent it becomes that a wrong and even dangerous course has been taken in this matter. So far the present administration hhs done nothing to better the trade and business condition of the country except to repeal the Sherman silver purchase law, and but for the aid of Republicans that would not have been accomplished. So far as the corrupt administration of affairs is concerned we admit that thora are corrupt men In the Republican as well as in the Democratic party, and we shall as editor of a Republican paper at all limes be as ready and willing to expose Republican corruption as to exiose corruption in tho opposite party, and we shall be Just and fair to all. AX ECOX03IIC MILLEXXIU3L Plensins Condition Predicted for tho Twentieth Century. Edward Atkinson, In McClure's Magazine, In the twentieth century the private soldier In the armies of Europe will hava learned what fools men are to fight When that time comes, hunger, now promoted by the waste of preparation for war, will hava ceased. The barriers of hostile tariffs novr separating European countries will hav lcen thrown down. Men will have becoma free to serve each other in the supply of all their wants. The military caste will have ceased to be honored. The well-trained officers of the armies will have been promoted from their present worse than useless positions to become captains of Industry. They will then hold positions of power and influence, carrying peace, good will and plenty among all the nations of the earth. Dynasties will have been deIiosed. Rulers who now claim to rule by birth or privilege, and who have attempted to resist the will of the private soldiers drawn from the ranks of the people, will have been overcome by force If necessary. Men" when ordered to turn their bayonets against each other will have turned them on those by whom the orders were given. Government of the people, by the ieopla and for the people will have been established in Europe as firmly as It now is In. the United States. Science will have gained control over tha nitrogen of the atmosphere. The soli, no longer worked as a mine, but as a laboratory, will then supply the abundance of food, fuel, fiber and fabric necessary to comfortable subsistence in measureless abundance. The man who possesses average intelligence coupled with industry, and who is governed by a personal religion) based on reason and not on superstition, will be so sure of material welfare that it will not pay to be rich. SCHOOLBOYS' DRILL. Ex-Presldent Ilnrrinoo on Military In Mtruction In Schools nnd Collejtea. January Century. Athletic sports have their due, perhaps undue, attention in most of the colleges and high schools; but in the graded schools, within my observation, exercise Is casual and undirected. None of these exercises or sports is, however, a substitute for military drill; and some of them create a new need for it A good oarsman ne.nl not be erect or graceful;, a good arm and plenty of wind meet his needs. The champion "cyclist" is not apt to have square shoulders. 'Vfie football captain is so padded that a safe judgment can hardly be formed as to his natural "lines;" but a good leg and momentum seem to me a nonexpert to be his distinctive marks. In baseball the pitcher seems, to an occasional observer, to have parted with all hla natural grace to endow the curved ball. A military drill develops the whole man, head, chest, arms and legs, prolan. innately; and so promotes symmetry and corrects the execeses of other forms of exercise. It teaches quickness of eye and ear, hand and foot; qualifies men to step and act in unison; teaches subordination, and, best of all. qualifies a man to nerve his country. The Hag now generally floats above the schoolhouse, and what more appropriate than that the toys should be instructed in the defense, of it? It will not lower their grade marks In their book recitations, I am sure. If rightly use! it will wake them up, make them more healthy, develop their pride and promote school order. In the Centennial parades In New York, in April, UK, the best marching I saw vas that of some of your school children. The alignment of the comimy front was better than that of the regulars of the Seventh Regiment. Xlnt? Thlevcn in a AVecU. Springfield Republican. Miss Louise Alexander, of New York, Is rapidly becoming famous as the "girl detective." Slr.ce she entered the service of a detective agency a week ago Friday she has captured nine thieves In New York stores, and demonstrated anew that there's more than one way for ji bri;nt woman to earn a living. Miss Alexander bean her career as a child actros In support of young woman wltn tho requisite nerve m detecting, because few women take up tha trad.

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