Indianapolis Journal, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 May 1891 — Page 2

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, SATURDAY, MAY 1C. 1891.

mitted. In States and hospitals where j rolnntary admission is practiced, the Lest If salts have been noted. Dr. Denney sustain his ground -with many illustrations and facts. pil w. b. Fletcher's pxrEn. Jhonext paper was that of Dr. W. 3. Fletcher, of this city, on 'The Detention of the Insane." The question of detention and care of the intane Is one of paramount Importance in all civil governments; it frequently Involves In tne highest decree tne civil rights of mankind, and dein and the most acute psychical knowledge. The 2ilrbet legal acumen, the most profound medical skill must here decide the greatest good or the utmost harm to a human being. It has been said that sanity and insanity shade Into one auothr as gradually as day Into night. End I might add. in some cases, w ith almost as Ircqueut and sj stematic periodicity. There are a large number of persons whose inanlry develops in such manner that the propriety of placing them In hospital to guard SMtaiost injury to tbeuiselve or others is beyond tue?Uon. The man or woman, who, without the lorerunner of fever, beeotnes wild, maniacal and raving, n Lone will is Kore, and no argument indue e the return of the jlost power of self-control. Is Insane beyond ; question; It requires liUther iudge. jury nor cbrumlsAion to determine the fact that immediate detention and control by Kthers is best f or the Individual. , There are other ca-ef. however, even more dangerous forms of insar lty, that develop slowly . nnd with the perfect consciousness of the vio tlm, who, desiring to hid? the mental deformity Vecomoi tne most expert dissembler, msnlwN log a cunning In acting tbat deceives ail but the" expert alienbt. i ntn Ibe authority to commit to a hospital a person Xillt ged to he insane is. In the United states, tlbcr vested in a commission composed of a J'j'lce, Justice of the peace, or some officer of the ourt, one or two physicians; one tbe medical attendant, one as medical examiner; it is thus in thirty-three States and Territories; in five no judical evidence is required; In seven the com-

jaument is maue oy jury uiai, iyocu one uicuiocr Must be a medical man, aud in two by Jury alone. o s few states it ij forbidden that any medical cllicerof a hospital for insane shall testify, thus In some cases depriving the court of the only testimony of real value. The Jury system can have but one claim of Justice in it. and that is that the alleged Insane person Is not committed "without a chance at defense, and this apparent Justice is at times unjust; it gives undue notoi iety, and does positive injury by exciting graver Jonna of the disease, while it falls short of justice in many instanced by setting free persons dangerously insane whose very insanity Is marked ly deception and cunning. There are a large number of cases of temporary insanity of acute form that are not connected with soy structural change, but merely Junctional disturbances, which, tor the good of tne patieuts aud economy to the Btate, should lie treated at home. Just as measles or typhoid lever is. The whole point rest in the recognition of the cause of insanity, and this is rarely within the scopo of Judge. Jury or commission. A wout.'iu with puerieral mania Is likely to recover fully in from thirty to ninety days. Shall ahe be taken from tlio bed of maternity, carried before a Judge and iury, exposed to public gaze and the remarks of vulgar lawyers who Infest our court-rooms, or shall -the ofiicers of the law Inspect herl Would it not be better to have such a case removed without process of law. just as he mizht be with a fractured limb or with fever, to a private retreat or a general hospital! There Is gTeat need of both professional and general education upon this point. Dr. William Lallor. of the Richmond Hospital for the. Insane in Ireland, said to me nearly a quarter of a century ao: "We have hundreds f harmless insane In Ireland, who either live at liome or wander about tho country unmolested, who in America would be shut up. It is because the people here do not demand that every form if mental obliquity shall be treated and kept In hospitals, whereas in America they do." It the present public sentiment regarding tho danger and persistence of all forms of insanity Increases during the next half century as it has In tbe past, the entire revenues of a State will be jnsuflieient to maintain the persons of recognized defective minds. The small State of Indiana to-day supports tour hospitals for this class, and vet we are informed that each ouo is crowded to its utmost capacity, leaving somo hundreds of chreuiolntune unprovided for. . The remedy for the abuse of too frequent detention at public charge is that each Btate should have a board of experts, who could be called to resort to legal proceedings. ' I pi edict that in fifty years the piled -up structures of architectural magnificence, with palatial officers quarters in tbe center, flanked by prison . cells, will stand empty monuments or our ignorance, er will be changed into shop and factories or schools of learning, while true principles will prevail and we shall learn, looking backward to the little Itelglan village where, for hundreds of years, the Insane have been treated In simple fashion of village life. Without doubt there are some lnsare who require restraint and careful watching, but they are the few. Gheel has some of Its inhabitants that cannot ne trusted at large, but no such horror could occur aa has frequently occurred in the United fitates. where mauy have perished In the flames, nrvl the air is almost tainted by tbe stench of roasted bodies of men who perished locked in cribs, as In the recent burning of the hospital for Insane at Nashville. 'owbere in the civilized world haa the philanthropist done more In founding Institutes of learning, establishing libraries, buHding general nn.l imeclal bosnitals than in the Unitexl Mates. iiut there yet remains one general act of philanthropy which shall do more for humanity than nil others. A starry crown and eternal fame a waits that one who will remember the "sick in. mind" by establishing in some southern land a' new (thcel. In a southern land, because nearer the clime of perpetual verdure, blossoms, and birds, and sea breezes, Insanity la least known and most easily cured. The selection of agents to care for the insane "would appear no dilllcult task, and would not be, provided they were selected on account of their lecuilar fitness. It would be absurd, to take an ordinary carpenter and elect him architect or master carpenter of the Columbian exposition ruildingv, or to elect the village blacksmith master mechanic to build an iron man-of-war in our navy-yards. It Is equally absurd to appoint as medical superintendent one who bas not devoted years to the special study of psychiatry and the . . . i .i i , it. . . treatment oi uicuiai ui&caae-. no muti nave thf acquirement, or he cannot command the proper treatment of hia patients through his subordinate officers. In most of our States and Territories the appointments of those who should treat the most serious and mysterious of all diseases are selected by the. same persons, and in the same manner, that the officers and guards of our prisons are, and It is for this reason that the results are about the same. Our hospitals are less places of treatment than they are Keeps for the insane. It is tor this reason that so little real knowledge of the causes, pathology and treatment of the insane has ever been developed in hospitals for the Insane In the United States. Nearly all we have learned comes from experience, study and observation of men who were never superintendents of such institutions. It Is doubtful If one skillful physician could . examine twenty patients per day at his office ind do Justice to the patients. What must be the condition, then. In a hospital of fourteen hundred or more patients, with a medical staff of Tour to six physicians, most cf whom are appointed for their politics only; what likelihood is there of careful study of each case In all Its various changing symptoms, both night and day f The way to remedy the present evil of neglect In proper treatment of the insane In publle hospitals would be to educate alienists Just as we educate our best physicians and surgeons. A young man who desires to be either, after graduating, presents himself for hospital appointment by competitive examination, and. if successful, serves eight months as a junior, eight months as a senior, and eight months as a house physician or surgeon, as the case may be, and at no time does he receive any compensation, except a part of the time his board, eto. Uy such a system we hould soon have as good alienists as we now nave surgeons, gynecologists, oculists, dentists, tc Another point gained In the plan would be that a sufficient number of trained medical men would be in attendance to study and observe the patients more constantly, not only giving better treatment, but putting a check upon abuses by attendants. I doubt if there is a single large hospital for Insane in the United States having sumcient medical help to properly study the cases In hand. - By introducing much smaller and oheaper hospitals, by requiring greater medical attention to each patient, by causing the adoption of uniform laws regarding the commitment of patients, by Amplifying the method in emergencies so that the patients may be treated promptly and not after the disease has done its greatest injury, which is usually during the first few days, and tlnally by encouraging the establishment of a new Oheel. where the village system may be tried under more favorable conditions than in the old colony of the name; where cottages of improved modern construction may be rented for patients of any class; where the person of wealth ur of most meager income may be able to find an abode private and retired from the objectionable features of public hospital life, when In this new (J heel schools are established, various industries carried on for the patients and a place cf special instruction for physicians in psychiatry and all its collateral branches, then, by these means, I say, the old order of things shall have passed away and the present evils be abolished. Stat and County Care of Insane. The discussion which should have followed nt this point was postponed until tho reading of the papers on the second topic, "State and Connty Care of tho Insane," or tho two systems of New York and Wisconsin. Tbe first paper was read by Hon. Oscar Craig, of Rochester, N. Y.. president of the Board of Charities of that State, of which tbe following is a synopsis. He said: The New York Law, the Keasons Urged in Its Favor, and the General Advantages of State Care." is the form of toy subject. Early in the century the State authorized the town overseers t.f the poor to send dependent insane to the Mew York hospital. A generation later, in 143. tbe Mate lrnatio asylum at Utica was established. i;ut the great mass of the indigent insane were left lu the poor-Louses. This condition of things was represented to the Legislature by successive memorials and reports, among which may be mentioned the mcuiorial of the county saperlntsudents of the poor in 18 it', and cine years later

the report of rr. Willard. Partial relief wa given in 105, by the act creating the Willard asylum for the chronic insane. Authority to deteruilue what counties should be pla- ed under the provisions of this act was given y it to the trustees of the asylum, fuhject to the approval of the (iovernor, ud in they, with his ap proval, dfflgnated all tbe counties of the. State except Albany and Jeueron and the counties Independent of tbe terms of the act. vizj New York, Kindts and Monroe. Hut the census of the . indigent and enroulo insane In the designated counties exceeded the capacity of the asylum, being in tbe proportion of four to one. The result was more than a miscarriage of re,li.'f, for it earned to the oitire rs of these counties a legal command which could not be obeyed. To remove this scandal and to prevent special legislation on the subject, the Legislature, by a general act In 187 1, delegated to the State Board of Charities, which waa created in 1S07. authority to grant to couuty superintendents of the poor exemptions Irotu the Willard asylum act; vlth power to revoke such exemptions, and to lue mandates for the removal of insane inmates of county poor-bouses to btate institutions. Thus was the lerila live embarrassment resolved Into an administrative diiticulty. In the summer and fall of 188 the standing committee on the insane, appointed by the btate Board of Charities, made a special examination of the asylum in the exempted counties, aud reported their finding of fact, showing the existence of evils which should be remedied, with their opinion of the iiccessity and nature of legislative relief, to the loard, which accepted and adopted their reort, and transmitted it to the Iegllature of 1 The general conclusions from tbe facts found were, that the only permanent relief would be secured by State care, or the alternative of county care, so reformed a, among other thing, to be governed by trustees appointed by the Supreme Court, which, on its equity or chancery side, is the guardian of the Insane. The State Board of Charities, in adopting this rtport, did not elect between tbe alternative remedies presented; but the majority of its members, including all of its said committee, did declare their choice in favor ot exoluslve State care. It is often stated that small institutions are more favorable to individual treatment. Experience seems to show the contrary: in public asylums limited In tbe cost of maintenance classliicatlou can be secured only by means of many ward-,, without which there can be no differentiated or iudlvidval treatment. It Is sometimes said that in large hospitals or asylums the medical warden cannot personally care for each inmate. In answer it may be said that the business of the superintendent is to superintend, and the duty of the different medical officers responsible to him is to give personal attention to their respective cases, and is very well illustrated In the relations of the president and professors of a uuivendty. A cursory reading of the reports of tbe Wisconsin board might Impress o novice with the notion that county care affords better conditions for occuxatlon and nonrestraint of patients. But their successive statistics for February and March of this year show that their State hospitals, though dealing with the ncuto und more troublesome subjects, put a less proportion of cases in restraint and more in occupation than their county asylums. The chronical character of cases committed to county care is pleaded lu its justification. But chronlcity, if the word my be allowed, is not the equivalent or indication of incurability. The line between curable and Incurable cases or changes in the same case is variable, and can Ik) dtsco ered. if at all, by medical tests, but can not be determined by a defined period of time or any legal crjteriou. It may correspond to one unit of time in an individual, and to ten units of time in another individual, aud In either instance may be so uncertain as to require the continuance or repeated recurrence of hospital treatment. At lat, if ever, when the poor patient is given over as incurable he may need the better classification and environment and hygienic conditions of an lmstitntlou under medical supervision. The indlfivnt Insane, as paupers, it is said deserve nothing better tuan pauperor county care. Implied in this assertion is the assumption that the indigent or dependent insane are paupers. But the premise is false. Xeverthele it bas almost always passed current in discussion among laymen: and has sometimes received the imprimatur f distinguished authorities in social science. The fact that' almost all tne classes in question have trades or occupations and are willing workers, as paupers never are, shows the supjosltion to be erroneous. The latHrer, or artisan, or clerk, or ordinary professional man, does not enjoy an income sutlicient to support himself or bis wife, when stricken with the mental malady, in a private institution, and at the ame time maintain the rest of bis family at home. The victims, therefore, become dependent on the public as indigent insane. But it may be safely aP.irined that not 5 per c ent, of the inmates of public institutions for the dependent insane are paupers in any proper sense. THE QUESTION OF ECONOMY. The contention of economy is persistently pressed by the advocates of county care. Thus In Wisconsin it is urged that the current rates of expense per week in the county asylums are aout per capita, with emphasis on the point that they are about one-half of those in the State hospitals. But in New York such cost for maintenance for State cure in Willard Asylum for the Chronic Insane, was only $2."5, exclusive of salaries, or about one-half that in the State hospitals for the acute insane. Moreover, there were outside of the city and couuty of New York and Kings county, containing the city of Brooklyn, only two counties which kept accounts of the insane department, and in these two counties such cost was greater than that at W lllard'a. Under the new law the charge for chronic Insane in each of the State institutions includes clothing and breakage, and hospital treatment so far aa needed, and is fixed at the low rate of $2.f0, with the hope that on the completion of tbe accommodations provided for it may be reduced to the former rate at to lllard's. The New York statute puts the StaU lubtitutions. including the four hospitals for the acute insane, with the new St, Lawrence Hospital, and the two asylums for the chronio insane, upon the same basis. These seven institutions are now hospitals for all the dependent insane. It is contended by the proponents of the mixed system that its advantages are greater than its disadvantages. Among the grounds on which their ccntentlou is urgd is the necessity of preserving an open way for free Interchanges between hospital treatment and custodial or domiciliary .care, following changes of coudltion in tbe same case, and the unwise as well as unscientific nature of the former procedure, under which were statedly removed all the clause who had pas net I the hospital limit of time and thus had incurred the legal. If not the medical, sentence of incurability. Tbe statute provides that the new buildings necessary for the accommodation of the chronic insane shall be erected at a reasonable cost, as already stated, and of more moment, that they shall be on tbe cottage plan, each with a capacity for population not less than ten ' nor more

than one hundred aud fifty patients. W ith combined forces the bill was nearly carried through the Legislature of 183'J, passing the Senate and falling only by a few votes in the Assembly. An associate bill drawn by Dr. Stephen Smith, the former distinguished commissioner in lunacy, aud favored and forwarded by the said committee of the State Board ot Charities', was enacted at the same session of tho Legislature creating a commission in lunacy. On the appointment of its three members only its chairmau. Br. Carlos F. McDonald, has pronounced In favor of State care, while one of the others had been its radical opponent. But after official lnvestigatiou the commission became a unit in favor of tbe bill which had so nearly become a law, and with its former friends did excellent service in procuring its enactment by the Legislature of 1SIM). There is no actor In the movement, now happily consummated, who is authorized to give a compendium of all the grounds on which all the movers were actuated in urging the enactment of the measure. But it is believed that such a complete synopsis would Include the following summary of reasons, viz.: 1 . The medical supervision of the State hospital, with its semi-dally inspection of all its patients by comjtetent and trustworthy physicians, and the abence of anything like it in the averasre county poor-bouse or asylum, are reasons enough for exclusive State care. 2. Tbe more beautiful environment of the Btate Institution, with Its adaptations and facilities for gradations and variations, and successions of scene for different patients or phases of the same patient, tending to excite more healthy correspondence in their nervous organisms, and playlug oiten the chief part in recovery, is suhicieut tolustlfy our contention in favor of . tate care. 3. The county institution, with four wards, being two for each sex, has most inadequate means lor classification, in that seldom will the cleanlv and quiet canes be simply equal iu number to the lilthy and diturled classes, so that almost always w ill such wards which the casual or superficial observer might call home-like lu the daytime, become in the night season, wlthont night service, filled with disgusting and repulsive horrors for the better elates of patients. 4. Inasmuch as one hundred patients need as many chutsitications as do one thousand, but wliU wards coutaiulug twtnty-ftvo inmates each, the former population would till only four, while ttie latter population would till forty wsrds. it is manifest that the State institution w ith tha larger census has the advantage over the county institution with the smaller census. 5. Moreover, the State institution alone is likely to have the means for changes of clarification to meet the demands ot changes of cases, and, above all. changes in the same case. t. The labor of the State patient is lor hisown benefit under medical supervision, while the labor of the county patient is for his own support, without medical suitervislon. 7. In tine, the State institution always, and the county institution almost never, treats its patieuts as sick persons, as. In fact, they are, whether suffering from acute attacks or succumbing as chronic invalids. 8. Tbe psuper association of county care, caused by putting the indigent insane in the poor-bouse, or in a building adjoining or adjacent, or on the poor-hooe farm, or under poorhouse officials, are degrading to the Indigent or dependent Insane, who, as Las been shown, are seldom pauper. U. Individual care is practicable to a greater extent in a State institution, though larger, because its rr.edloal and personal treatment, its more extensive, varied and inspiring environment, aud its means far more correct and complete classification differentiate the treatment in accordance with the dillcring cases and changes of tbe same case. 10. Though tho mixed system is not essential to exclusive State care, it has one Important advantage in the opportunity which it gives for transfers back and forth between hos-

pltal and custodial or domiciliary treatment and t are, following excessive changes in the same case as well as changes of cas. 11. While constant watch and ward of a central oouimisloa or board is Impossible, it is the part of widoni to provide a smaller number of l.frger institutions under tho immediate control ol medical superintendents of high honor. In oiMer that the continuing Influence of the supervising body may be kept alive in the interals between its visits of inspection. Another and a similar advantage of such, superior Institutions Is that they may be held tt a reasonable standard, without reducing them to one dead level of uniformity, but with the liberty which, within proper limits, leads to the differentiation which is the law of development. V2. Though state cure is based on humanity and not on economy, it is, as has been shown, not less economical, while it is more humane. 13. The system of exclusive State care is more practical as well as philosophical In its simplicity, as compared with the former exemption system of New York, or the present W isconsin system, which introduces State administration to correct the evils of county administration, and which, so far as it insures good results, is in reality qualified State aire, encumbered with useless machinery, engendering unnecessary friction and producing wasteful loss of power, as evidenced in limited results. 14. w York's new law is a development from the first principle of State care In the Willard asylum act: it is an evolution or growth and not a special contrivance or creation. 15. W hile the county is, for practical purposes, the political unit, it is, as such, only a small and subordinate part of the whole, which is tho State paramount and sovereign. The criminal law recognizes this principle, in determining not only the nature and penalty of felonies andother offenses, but their place as well as mode of punishment. Lunacy legislation even more legitimately proceeds upon the same basis, for its subjects, the insane, both by statute and common law, and in respect of person as well as property, are the wards of the state. THE WISCONSIN OR COUNTY SYSTEM. Dr. H. H. Giles, member of tbe Wisconsin Board of Charities, read a paper explaining aud commending the Wisconsin plan, of which tbe following is a brief outline: a class of specialists organized as "The Association of Medical superintendents of American Institutions for the I u sane" assuming to possess superior w lsdom in all matters pertaining to insanity, guided legislation into the erection of palace prisons," in which from five to fifteen hundred and even two thousand diseased human beings are herded. To gain and retain its hold on the public two pleas were urged. First, State care for all the insane was a prerequisite to humane care; and second, all classes of the insane should be oared for in the same institution. Both pleas were false, and the latter positively pernicious. One who has watched tho work of tne association for forty years can well understand how New York has been led into a scheme of State care, which Involves the Imposition of mary millions In taxes on her oeople. which might have been saved, and her insane dependents more humanely cared for, nearer their homes and friends. Ten years ago a movement started in Wisconsin, originating with tho State Board of Chanties and Beforuj.i looking toward a more humane, a well as economical, care of the chronic insane. The Wisconsin system of county care for the chronio lusaue was established in 1831. All acute cases remain in the State hospitals. Under the law tbe board was authorized to transfer the lusano from counties that had not made suitable provision for their care to any county asylum t hat could receive them, and for all such so transferred tho couuty caring for them should receive the sum of $3 per week, and the expense of clothing. Twenty counties have provided accommodations for the care of their own insane. April 1 last, 1,830 insane were cared for, and I, 010, or over 57 per cent of the whole number, were ou parole and allowed to go around without an attendant. In addition, eighty-six were away among their friends on leave of absence. The county boards elect three trustees, who have immediate charge and control of the asylum and elect a superintendent and asylum physician. All plans lor buildings for the insane are submitted to the State board for ajn proval. The state board limited the nominal capacity of tbe buildings to one hundred patients each. As a rule the county boards have been liberal In making appropriations for improvements and repairs aud in the purchase of additions. The average per capita co4t per patient is $1.70 per week. Food and clothes are goad and abundant, A couuty asylum rescirhlex a family in 1 airly well-to-do circumstances, each aide-bodied member doing something to contribute to the general supiort. The county la:-ms contuiu from eighty to 350 acres of good land. Most of the food consumed! raised by the patieuts themselves. Citizens of tho counties having asylums take great interest in them, and visit them in great numbers. , This makes abuses impossible, as they would be immediately discovered. Then, too. the people know those in charge of the asylums, and there Is a iieighborliness about the sj stern which assures good care. Kxierlence has shown that by giving the chronic lnsaue occupation - ou the farms aud about the buildings their symptoms were alleviated. New life is put into the deadeued brains; the violent patieuts become quiet, aud tiie exercise of simple common sen.se lu the treatment of tbe unfortunate aa human beings has in every instauco produced most gratifying results. Occupation for the lnsaue is in nearly all cases followed by abolishment of restraint. The lnsaue have not lost their love of liberty, and when they are locked up their conditidtis are aggravated. A visitor to one of the county asylums looked out over the farm and saw the Insane patients at work absolutely without restraint. "Why don't they run awayl" ho asked in astonishment. "Because they can, the superintendent replied. In another instance, a young man. who had been in a State asylum and had made a reputation for running away at every possible opportunity, wu4 transferred to one of the county asylums. The superintendent, knowing this weakness, made him mail-carrier for the asylum, and told him to go to the pototlico after the mail every time he saw a passenger train come in. The young fellow was delighted, and made the trips with unfailing regularity, lie felt tbat the successful operation of tho entire postal service de landed directly on him. After that he oould not have been driven away from the asylum. A comparison of the cost of county and State Institutions in Wisconsin shows that the cost per capita for salaries in the State institutions is $b2.'JD, and in the county asylums $32.12; of subsistence, in State hospitals $71.00. in the county asylums $2i.o4; of fuel, for State asylums $-'2.70, for county asylums $10.91. A general discussion followed. Mr. F. B. Sanborn, of Massachusetts, who has had much experience in all fines of charity -work, criticised the systeili which makes large hospitals, likening it to tbe elephant in tbe fable, which, after it bad eteoped on the ben and mother, and killed her, told the chicks that he would be a mother to them, and thereupon eat down on them. He complained of the system because it drew fnrttier and further away from borne and friends and connection with outside life. Tho Wisconsin system keeps patients within the reach of friends, Mr. Garrett, of Pennsylvania, believed that more attention should be given to tbe pathological phase of insanity, and to a kind of care the furthest removed from that given to criminals. . Mr. C. 11. Keeve, of Plymouth, Ind., disapproved of the expensive State system which cost as high as 4,000 per capita to furnish accommodations for one patient, and approved . the Wisconsin system, which gives the insane more natural surroundings than the large hospitals. General lirinkerhoff, of Onio, was sure that Ohio needed something of the kind which Dr. Dewey recommended in bis paper, and did not want tbe Wisconsin system. ' President Elmore, of the Wisconsin Board of Charities, assailed the methods of the large hospitals and much of their management. They were more liable to abuses, because so removed from the friends on tbo patients, and Indiana has had evidence of the wortblessness of the general testimony of the subordinates in any attempt to investigate. After giving some suggestions regarding the selection of Ulcers. President Mct'ullocb named tbe committee on organizatiou, as follows: Thilip C. Garrett, chairman, Pennsylvania; Roelltf Brinkerboff. Ohio; l B. Sanlorn, Massachusetts; Andrew 11. Kim ore, Wisconsin; Fred If. Wines, Illinois; W. P. Letchworth, New York; II. II. (Jiles, Wisconsin: Dr. Chas. II. Hoyt, New York; lit. Rev. tieo. 1). Gillespie, Michigan; II. & Shurtletr, Massachusetts; Alex. Johnson, Indiana; L. C. Storrs, Michigan; II. II. Hart. Minnesota; Johu G. Doren, Ohio; A. O. Wright, Wisconsin: A. L. Welsh, Colorado: Mrs. J. 8. Spear, Jr., California; Geo. II. Knight, Connecticut; A. O. Warnei, Washington, D. C; Mrs. M. A. T. Clark, Delaware; Dr. Jennie McCowan, Iowa: Rabbi J. L. Leuebt. Louisiana; John M. Glenn, Maryland; John W. Willis, Minnesota; Rabbi 11. Uerkowitz, Missouri; J. U. Mills, North Carolina; Ira Otterson, New Jersey; Uomer Folks, Pennsylvania; James II. Nuttings, Rhode Island; Judge R, R. Caldwell, Tennessee. At 12:S0 the morning session closed by singing "Tbe Light of Truth is Breaking." SECTION MEETINGS.

Discussing the Co-Operatlon of Women in Charitable and PenaPWork. About forty of the convention assembled at the sectional meeting of the committee on tbe co-operation of women in tbe management of charitable, penal and correctional institutions. Clara Barton presided and Mrs. Gertrude IL Baldwin, of Detroit, acted as secretary. Mrs. A. L. D'Arcambal, of Detroit; Mrs. Anna B. Kicbardson, of Lowell, Mass.: Mrs. J. 8. 8 perry, of Colorado; Mrs. Bracket, of State Industrial School of Massachusetts; Mrs. Alice IL Charlton, of the Keform School for Boys at Plainfield, Jnd.; Mrs. Clairo A. Walker and Mies Laura

Ream, of the Indiana Keform Febool for Girls and Women's Prison, Indianapolis, and Mrs. Harrison, of Chicago, discussed tbe subject at length, giving the result of their praeiiral experience and observation with great satisfaction to tbe members of the committee and conference present. Tbe liveliest interest was manifested, and. as au expression of tbo earnest sentiment of the committee, tbe following resolution was adopted: Whereas, The custom of placing women on administrative boards of charities and on boards of trustees of charitable and reformatory institutions does not obtain iu all States: therefore. Resolved. That the success obtained in thoe Ftates where women have been fo placed, Inspires this committee to recommend that other States follow tbe exam pi, and that. In those States just forming boards of charities, the phicing of women ou such loards is urgently recommended, and that the influence of this conference be given to the appointment of women, on equal term, on ail boards of truces of public or private charity, penal or reformatory institutions, especially on boards ot overseers of the poor In cities and towns, and to the employment of women as physicians in insane hospitals. Further proceedings were bad. as follows: A letter wasadoressed to Mr. Garrett, of Philadelphia, president of tbe committee on organization of committees, urging upon him the recoguition and continuation of this most important committee, to wiu Tbe co-operation of women in the management of charitable, penal and correctional institutions. The committee on charity organization problem in cities met in Plymouth lectureroom, and was presided over by Mrs. Hannah M. Todd, of Lynn, Mass., with Mr. Preston, of New Haven, secretary. Mr. Kosenan spoke of the work done in Buffalo, N. Y.. where statistics had been kept for a number of years, a matter that had been generally neglected all over tbe country, but was of great value in charity organization work. A meeting devoted to institution bookkeeping was held in the club-room upstairs at 2:30 p. M. yesterday, presided over by Alex. Johnsou. R. (. Johnson, superintendent of tbe Indiana Institute for the Deaf and Dumb, read an interesting and valuable paper on "What Book-keeping is Needed in Institutions." ' ; A well-attended meeting was held in tbe main audience-room at 4 P. M., at which the kindergarten question was discussed in a number of brief talks.

CHILD ntOISLKM IN CITIES. Interesting Discusaion of One of the Most Important Problems of the Times. The evening session brought an audience tbat filled the church. The exercises opened with nn organ voluntary by George A. Emerson, after which Mesdames Lynn, Morrison, How land and Watson sung "The Last Chord,'7 which was received with merited approval. Tbe subject for the evening was "The Child Problem in Cities, n with John H. Fin ley, of New York, as chairman. Mr. Finley remarked tbat the child problem -in cities is practically the whole problem, of charities .and correction in the city, of New York and New York city's problems are repeated, in small or large, iu every great city there were in the tenement-bouses 1G3.7PJ children under the age of five years. Tbe estimated total of children nnder live years iu the city in the year 18iX) was lb7,GiX); that is. ol tbe total number nnder five, eight-ninths lived in tenement-houses. Tbe physical ills and the moral evils which theso badly built, badly arranged houses make their tenants heir to are aggravated by other conditions which borrow in turn a part of their vitiating character from tbe tetieLient-botise itself, the own mother of tbe city's slums, whose father is tbe greed of tbe i and lord h. There are whole colonies in tbe heart of New York city where the English tongue is practically unknown. Mauy escape education in the schools. Of' the population between live and fourteeu there are 71.000; between fourteen and twenty-one, 208,000. Of tbe population between four teen and twenty-one, but C0.000 are in school, and if all between live and fourteen should apply for school privileges tbe deficiency in sitting accommodations would amount to 84,000, and taking into consideration the estimated attendano in other schools tbe deficiency amounts to lUO.OOO. More than half the children, even under the best organized school systems, in New York, Chicago, Brooklyn. St. Louis, New Orleans and other cities, do not attend school more than three years, and thus, in tbe formative period of life, tbe child Is left largely to tho conditions of hisown home and the street. Fostered and filled by tbe 6aloun, the "growler" looms up in the New York street boy's life, baffling the most' persistent efforts to reclaim him. There is no hjpe for tbe boy once its blighting grin is npon him. The logio of the slums, that the world which gave him poverty and ignorance for bis portion, "owes him a living." is bis creed, and the career of the "tough" lies open before him, a beaten track to be badly followed to a bad end in the wake of the "growler." The tenement-bouse is one of the faotors which cannot be eliminated. We can substitute auotber tenement-house for it, but we can't abolish it. These hideous temples to mammon must be converted into homes on the same foundation. This must be the first step in tbe solution of tbe problem. A second duty of the city is the extension of the factory laws to include industries carried on in tenements which' are now a blight to home life. There most be a rigid enforcement of lnnacy laws and of the fulfillment by parents of their moral obligation to their children, and there must be tbe best possible system of education, including kindergartens for tbe younger children. In addition to this is the work that should be done by private enterprise in tbe building of better tenement-bouses, better homes for the poor. CAKE OF DELINQUENT CniLDUEX. This was followed by a paper by Homer C. Folks, of Philadelphia, on "Care of Deliuquent Children." Mr. Folks spoke as follows: The object of this paper Is to set before yon a year of actual work in caring for delinquent children in famlles and to otter what seems to us a fair interpretation of the results. Since it is my purpose to consider a certain line of facts, rather than to state a theory or outline an argument, my paper must necessarily take on something of a report of our work. In the nine years since Its organization the Children's Aid Society of Pennsylvania has made provision for 3,027 children. While at first considerable use was made of various institutions for the temporary care of children, every step taken since Its organization, after a careful sludy of the work, has been toward a more exclusive use of the family plan. Its first efforts were in behalf of destitute children, but it soon came to rind that there were no hard and fast lines separating children Into classes. Many of these children, received from tbe almshouse or from destitute families, proved themselves, in one way or another, troublesome, and the society found the whole problem of delinquent children continually forced upon its consideration. At nearly every meeting the question arose. Is It best to place this troublesome child in a reformatory or in a carefully selected private family! ery naturally, both methods were tried and the results studied. In these eight years of experience the society had found certain evils which, lu spite of untiring zeal and noble devotion on the part of managers and otlicers, seemed inherent in the reformatory system. These I will briefly indicate. 1. The temptation it offers to parents aud guardians to throw oil their most sacred responsibilities. Abundant evidence that this is actually done has come under our immediate observation. 2. Tho contaminating influence of association. It is certainly unjust to crowd into one building the good and the bad, the innocent and depraved, the homeless boy aud the juvenile crlmnal. Is it not Just as unwise to put under one roof numbers of children who are equally depraved and criminall Cutoff from the infinite diversity of Interests of ordinary life, will they not Inevitably dwell on the evils which led to their commitment and tell over to each other the story of their lives and teach each other whatever cunning devices they may have known! Probably nothing has done more to emphasize the hereditary aspect of crime than the little volume entitled "The Jukes." I 3. Tho enduring stigma which the fact of having been committed to such an institution fastens upon the child. The reformatory i. lirst and foremost, a place to which criminal children are sent to bo relormed: and the Implication 'Is, In the case of every child thus committed, that the community was obliged, in sell-defense, to place it behind bar. Just as the criminal discharged from prison finds it diiTlcult or Impossible to reinstate himself into society, so the boy discharged from the reformatory tluds himself branded with the trade-mark of crime. 4. Such a system renders Impossible the study and treatment of each child as an individual. There are no commoi. traits running through this mass of ebildrcu by virtue of which they require the same treatment. Ol the contrary, each child who has fallen Into the bauds of the law has done so through a perfectly definite series of facts, and has his individual characteristics and peculiarities. Mural infirmities require as careful diagnosis as pbysloal, a id to treat all practically alike seems to us as wild as for a physician to prescribe one sort of medicine for all diseases. 5. The greater dissimilarity between life in I an Institution and life-ouuide. JJow great the

change the day the boy steps from tbe institution to family life! His temptation has been reduced to a miuimnm. Though committed for larceny, be has had no chance to commit larceny since. Now he is thrown into the midst of temptation, doubly powerful because of novelty. JiiHt at thU moment tbe strict discipline runt lie withdrawn, Tbe rontino of life by which he has been carried along is removed. To-day he must decide for himself a hundred matters which yesterday were decided for him. Having for these reasons come to distrust the reformatory system, we have tried in earnest the lwld experiment of placing such cnildren in families. Having decided about a year ago to extend our work in this line, we gave notice through tbe press that we would receive such children. We established friendly relations with the police headquarters. We seut a eircular letter to the magistrates and Judges. explaining our methods and offering to receive delinquent children under fourteen years of age We nave gone to the county prison, where boys were awaiting trial on various charges, and after Inquiring into their history have received them from the judce of the Criminal Court after a verdict of gudty uad een pronounced. since June, 18to, w e have received from these sources forty-one such children who belong unquestionably to the so-called delinquent class, and w ho, but for oar special effort, would nave been committed to reformatory Institutions. The charges against these children were as follows: Vagrancy, 6; Immoral tendencies, 5; forgery, 1; runaways, 6; larceny, 11: Ill-tempered and unmanageable. 12. The disposition made of the children is as follows: Of the six vagrants, two, received under protest on account of their ages, were placed for wages near the city, and disappeared at the close' of the first mouth; one was returned to parents, and three, oouhrmed vagrants, were placed with families at a distance from tbe city, where they remain and show most encouraging signs of improvement. The five girls with Immoral tendencies were placed at a distance, and all give evidence of decided improvement; al.so the forger, a girl of fourteen. Of the six runaways two disappeared in the city before their antecedents could be traced; the other four were found to have both parents living; three were returned to their homes, the fourth was left in the society's care, his home being such as to justify his d eparture. The eleven 1m)j s convicted of larceny were all placed at a distance from the city, aud, with two exceptions, have remained where placed, with decided improvement. And of the twelve Ill-tempered and unmanageable seven were thus placed, all with excellent results. Of the four who remained in the city two show slight improvement, and two were returned to their parents unimproved, one of whom had spent two years iu a reiormatory, and one was recalled by his people, wao were not willing that he should be sent to a distance. Among the hopeful signs are, in most cases, greatly improved physical health, a qulckeuing of tbe mental activities by regular attendance at school and a multitude of new associations and interests, a growth of the moral nense, eiecially In regard to the right of property, more self-control and submission to discipline and the recoguition of religious obligations and privileges. A few words as to tbo methods by which these results have been secured. I cau readily conceive of certain conditions under which tho result would have beeu far different. If. sitting In our orrice, we had counted these boys out like articles of merchandise to those who might happen to come to us for the purpose of securing cheap service, without careful study of each child and careful investigation of every family proposing to undertake their training; if we bad placed these boys near the city, where "taking children Is a recognized method of lessening the expenditure for hired help, aud where the alternative ot a return to the old association is continually presented; If we had Insisted that the city boy going to the couutry, wltn absolutely no knowledge of farm lite and duties, must be self-supporting from tbo first, and If, further, we had "bound out' the boy to servo bis master until he reached a oerta'.n ago and receive no compensation whatever until the end of this period. . The first step when the child Is received, or before, if possible, is a careful study of his antecedents, home-life and companions. Such an investigation often throws a flood of light upon the causes of the delinquency , and is invaluable iu determining what new environment will most counteract those forces making for evil, and develop new interests along those lines in which the child may have natural tastes or abilities. As a rule, these children are sent to considerable distance from any large city. In finding homes for these children, we do not rely upon the natural demand for servants. We discard ill applicatious like tho following, which is a true copy: I desire to adopt a little girl about dfteen years of age. I intend to raise her in tho nurture and admonition of tbe Iiord, therefore she must be of good disposition and not too small In stature.' We usually advertise for families willing to board a boy and give attention to his moral training. Among tbe answers to suc h an advertisement are nearly always several from the very best families of the neighborhood. The other applications are discarded. Having made sure, by the system of references and personal visitation, which homes are desirable, it still remains to decide which family can do most for the individual child under consideration. This decision Is of immense importance, for no truer words were ever uttered than those of Miss Fowfce: "The real success of the work must depend upon the choice of families. It is not easy to explain the care with which each child is fitted into his new surroundings, and the best results often seem to come from a sort of intuition an intuition born, however, of years of experience In placing children in families. Another consideration of importance is that very few of these children are expected to be self-supporting from the start. The city boy is a total stranger to couutry life and work, and must receive careful instruction. After the novelty passes away, he inevitably becomes at times impatient of its monotony, and feels a peculiar yearning for the excitement of city life. He has days when he Is restless, impatient. Impudent. AU this requires au amount of patience and Intelligent training which we cannot secure without remuneration, nor have we any right, ou purely business principles, to expect it. We therefore pay for their training, education, and maintenance, usually at the rate of $2.00 per week. The greater control which tbe society retains over the boarding child, the difference in the standing of the child in the community, the hlger grade of homes which can be obtained, the necessity of tiding over these outbursts of temH5r, which would otherwise result in the return of the child, all these emphasize the importance of this remuneration. This expense Is entirely justifiable, for if the same children had been placed lu reformatories they would have cost the community from $150 to $200 per year. Is there any reason why the community should not . pay the country farmer or tradesman the same ; amount. If necessary, provided he secures for them equally good or better results I However, a study of the comparative cost of the different methods, published lu the last number of the "Children s Aid Journal." shows a difference in the yearly cost of from $50 to,$100per capita In favor of tbe family plan. What do we seem to have learned from this work! Flrat, we have a clearer idea as to who compose this class of delinquent children. It is very easy to speak of these aa "the children of criminals, or "the offspring of the slums," and the fact of heredity in crime Is unquestioned. Such children there are in the number, but to infer that all. or uearly all, belong to this class, is a most unwarranted and unjustifiable assumption. While statistics as to this point are very

incomplete, they are nigniy suggestive. Four hundred boys were admitted to the State Industrial School of New Nork (formerly the Western House of Kefuge) during the past year. Of only 61 had either parunt been arrested. Of 4C0 Inmates received at the Huntingdon Reformatory, the taint of crime could be found in tlib parentage of only nineteen, the parentage of 441 being, as far as could be ascertained, respectable, as against nineteen criminal. Of our own children the parents of twenty-four are eminently respectable and law-abiding; of twelve, disreputable. To what, then, shall this large share of juvenile deliuquency bo attributed! To a thousand different causes, which can orly be decided in each case by careful study, but which can In a majority of cases be traced to a lack of parental oversight, due to the loss of one or both parents. The death of a father or mother leaves too heavy a burden on the surviving parent, aud the chil dren sutler, receiving their traluing iu the street, not in the home. Iu a few cases tbe root of the trouble lies In some physical weakness or defect, which renders the child ill-tempered and troublesome, which is, being interpreted, incorrigible. In several of our cases improved health, due to mountain air and country life, has solved the problem. How unwise to place such children in a large institution where the chances for good health are at least not above the average. We have also learned that homes of high grade can be secured for this w ork. Our worst children are trained by the very Iest families in the community. Several of our boys are in charge of men whom their fellow-cttlzens have honored with positions of trust. We have proven, too, that we can bold those children by our methods. The fear that tLey would run away, which harassed us when we began to work, we have seen to bo ill founded. We have learned that boye. Incorrigible boys, may be kept in their places by other means than stone walls. This fact is fast being recognized within institutions as well as out. While of course it is too soon to say that we have reformed these boys, recognizing ourselves that our work is still largely of the nature of an exiierimeut. we are able to say that, w ith the . two exceptions noted,' w e have kept these children from committing further crime; and considering the nature of the offenses for which they were received, this Is a most encouraging fact, e'e can tay further, that in nearly every cae there is a marked Improvement in lines already Indicated, which, unless there are some sudden and radical disturbances of which we see no indication, must lead ultimately to reformation and good citizenship. The chief magistrate ot this Nation said in a speech a few days mincer "The American homo is the one thing we cannot afford to lore out of American life. As long as we have pui homes, and God-fearing, order-loving fathers and mothers to rear the children that are iriven to them, aud to utake these homes the abodes of order, cleanliness, pietv and intelligence, America u society and the American Union are safe." It is this sort of home life that ve would bring to bear upon each separate unit of the. delinquent class. In this moral infirmary w e lelleve that Ignorance, injustice, vice and hatred are to be cured by their oppositea knowledge. Justice, purity and love to be administered In large quantities. DiacUSAlNO T1IK PAPER. Mr. J. H. Mills, of North Carolina, was called upon to open tbe discussion. "My views," said Mr. Mills, "are to diilorent

Highest of all in Leavcnins Power.

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from thoe which have been expressed that I despair of making myself understood. Tbe speakers aud writers seem to look forward to a time when poverty will be removed from the earth. When tbe earth was young aud stroug, when a man sowed one bushel of wheat aud made one hundred, and when board in a first-class hotel' was only 15 cents a day and 5 cents a meal, the Lord said to Moses tbat the poor would never cease to be iu the laud. It was necessary they should be here, both for those who sutler and for those who prosper. They are to be brought together, and we most eome to this before we can settle this problem. We must make every nigh-school, and every elementary school, and every family to be reformatory. Most of our illustrations have benu taken from New York and Philadelphia. They are so kind and so humane to tbe child that instead of managing him they drop him into tho street. 1 don't turn my boys and girls off. if 1 can't uiauage them in one way 1 do in another. I took a little girl in North Carolina out of tbe depths of poverty. I didn't send her oil and put her in some family, but determined to make the most , of her myself. 1 tried my best to mako a useful woman of her, and now that girl is the wife of a prominent man in New York, and a woman in North Carolina, dying, willed her two 'little boys and she is takiug care of them. If 1 can do well for little orphans and send them to New York, why can't they undertake to do as well in New York for those who are boru there! Another little girl I sent to Philadelphia, fcbe got a position in a store and married the proprietor. Laughter. Reform these children where they are, and don't send them West. Then we won't need to have 'mo mauy foreigners brought in." Applause. Mrs. K. A. Blaker. of Indianapolis, spoke briefly upon kindergarten work and the inlluence it should and does exert upon t le child and the home, and showed conc usively that the work of reforming society must begin at the bottom. Her remarks were listened to with the greatest interest, as they were put forth in a clear, practical way, and thoroughly understandable. In conclusion she said that pareuts must be taught that society does not owe them a living unless they work for it, and further, that if homes are not what they should be tbe child should be taken by tbe is tate aud put into new surroundings, the speaker laying great stress upon environments. Dr. fcarah M. Crawford, of Boston, epoke of the value of women as medical visitors in tbe department of charity devoted to out-door poor, especially as regards little children. Oscar L. Dudley, of- Chicago, spoke on "Industrial Training Schools for Hoys,1 citing briefly tbe work done in the past four years by a school of that character, tweutv-three miles south of Chicago, on a three-hundred-acre farm given by Mr. Milton George, of Chicago, and which bad been made a home and school for street waifs. A LOCAL PHILANTHUOl'Y. Charles Martiudale, of Indianapolis, spoke on the work of the Board of Children's Guardians, of Marion county, Indiana. "When I sat in tbe section on the care of dependent children, this afternoon," said Mr. Martindale, "and listened to the eloquent speeches of those who advocated the free kindergarten work, and learned the hope and courage there was in that work bow they reached the child in tho home, how they reached the mother through the child, and tbe father through the mother, and the neighbor through tho father I asked, why seek further! Here is the great panacea. But tbero are conditions which tbat system cannot reach. We have beard something of the conditions iu large cities which even the free kindergartens caunot reach. These are conditions where the strong arm of the btate must come in. Parents must be taught that they are responsible not only to God, but to the State for their treatment of their children. Childreu are not chattels; parents have no property in their oilspring. Tbe ba..y which lifts for the first time its feeble cry comes endowed with equal rights with bis parents. The pnrents do not obtain their rights by nature, but by tbe law of the land, by appointment by the btate, aud if they do not rightfully discharge their trust, take cure of the child property and give it proper education in morals, letters and religion, it is not only the right of the btate, but its duty to step in for the protection of the child and to remove that guardian, that nn worthy par-ur. There are two things that lie at the base of the board of. children's guardians of this couuty: the insistanco on tbe caro of the child in its raising, and iu the separation of the child from vicious association. What heredity cannot do, bad association' makes perfect for the ruin of the child in the slums of areat cities. Our law has been in operation two years.' In this time it bas investigated 348 cases, taken under its care 123 children. Last year it investigated 71 cases, involving 30 children. It prosecuted SS of the cases, and these case involved 75 children. The board received into its care 50 children, placed in homes '21; in reformatory institutions 4, aud has' still in its temporary home, to be placed in privato families wben suitable places can be found, 25 children. ' We are not certain of this work. It is an exnorimenL If this con ference can assist us to perfect it you will have our heartfelt thanks." Applause. Mr. Van Arsdal, of Chicago; spoke of tho work of the American Aid Association of that city, which was organized eight years ago for the purpose of providing homes lor homeless and dependent children, and said tbat during tbat time the association had found homes for 1.C77 children.Iter. James H. Nutting, of Khode Island, chaplain of the State institution at Howard, spoke on reform schools and gave it as bis experience that thov did great good, for the reason tbat four-tifths of the childen who came to them came from bad homes. President McCulloch v announced as tbe committee on time and place of holding the next conference: Mrs. J. S. Spear. California; Win. H. Broadbead, Colorado; bherwood O. Prestou. Connecticut; Amos F. Warner. District of Columbia; Mrs. M. E. Kent, Delaware; Mrs. J. M. Flower, Illinois; Mr. Hunting, Iowa: F. D. Morrison. Maryland; George W. Johnst.n. Massachusetts; Herbert A.' Forest. Michigan; Dr. A: B. Ancker. Miuuesota: Johu L. Bultcrfield. Missouri: Kev. W. C. Wilson, North Carolina; Nathaniel Hue, New Jersey; William Blake, New York; M. D. Foliett. Ohio; Amos Bonsall. Pennsylvania: James 11. Nutting, Khode Island; Dr. W. P. Jones. Tennessee; G. Freelaon, Wisconsin; Timothy Nicholson, Indiana. CONFERENCK CALENDAR. Programme of Exercises for the Morning, Afteruoou and Evening of To-Day. The morning session will be preceded by an organ prelude by Miss N. A. Hanvey, lasting from 9 to &15. Miscellaneous business will take tbe time until 10, when tbe topic, Tbe .Custodial Care of Adult Idiots," will be considered until 12, There will be a report of the committee on the subject, a discussion of the report, aud a paper on the "Defective Classes." by A. O. Wright of Wisconsin. In the afternoon there will be a visitation of tbo institutions about the city and of bt. Vincent's Hospital, the City Hospital, the Training School for Nurses at the City Hospital, the fxee kindergartens, tbe Cooking bebool and tbeX'harity Organization Society, and various other institutions. The evening session will be devoted to consideration of the subject. "Co-operation of Women in the Management of Charitable, Penal aud Correctional Institutions." The exercises wilt begiu with an organ prelude by Paul Bahr, at 7:-!.i. followed by a song, by Miss Adele Wallick. Mis. Virginia T. Smith will read a paper on the subject under consideration, which will be lollowed by a discussion. " Pulpit Supply T -Morrow. To-morrow, at 10:4,1 a. m the annual conference sermon trill be preached by Key.

U. S. Gov't Report, Aug. 17, iS8$.

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wfei? KAJLWAY TIMK-TAHLEt. From tndisaspoils UnJoa Statlaa. OJBnnsyivania Iiinss: w J iu.-h koMU aorta. Trains run hv Central Stamtard Tim Leave for litt.rurg. b alamo re, (d 4:45 am. Wasimigtofi, Philadelphia and 'w d 3.O0 p m. York. ( d 3:90 p ra. Arrive from the East, d 11:40 am, d 12:30 poa. andd 1 OtoOpm. Leav for UDimabus, PrOO snx4 arrive from OUumhua, 3:4o pm.; leave for Klebinoad 4.-00 pnu arrive from UkiAiumid. i:00 am. Leave lor Chloaro, d 11:05 am., d 11:90 pnM arrive from Clikuwc, d 3:4. pin.; d 3:30 an. Leave for Louisville, d 3:4 am 8:00 acx d 'JzCA pm. Arrive from Louisville, d 11:00 am, fciK)puu,d lo&opm. Leave for Columbus. 4:30 pm. Arrive frous Coluinl.n. 10V23 ain. Leave for Vinoenoes and CWro, 7:20 ara 4:09 pui.; arrive from Vtuomuies aud CWra; 10. St) am3n.K) pin. d. dally, other trains except Pundar. TTANDALIA LIJ7E nnTiTKST ROUTE TO v x. Louis amt thi wsht. Trains arnrs anil lve lurtianspoUaas folio: Lear for HL Louis. 7:40 atn, il.Mlaio. liOOp m. llr pin, AlltrsloaHnnecia.t Terre lla'ite tor - T. .iiqii vn :i nierpr n 11K p. m. train. Grtencantle anrt Terre Itsuts AeoMu'itstlont4:j u Arrive from St. Louis. &4&ara. 4:16 am. U.5Jpm.5 3d pm, 7:45 pm. Terr Haute anl OreeneMt'.e Aceoni'dsUoa. 10:00 os Bleeping and l'sjior furs srrun on througb trains, Fir rates and information spply u ticket scents t the eompiuiy, or V. F. UKL.NNEH, District fca. aeurer Ajceuu XiLhS' PULLMAS CAR LINE. ' taAVStVoiAKAPiuoa. No. W Motion are, ex. rtuti.tay.... ...ft; 15 pas yo-aK Chloago UiiU Pullman Vesttbolsd coaches, parlor and dlmugcar. dally .,11:23 ast Arrive ia Ohlowo .V lo pm. Vo. 84 Chicago Night Ks- VuUniau VssUbuled eoaches and sleejiers. dally .12;40st Arrive in ChiutMco 7:33 am. S1V AT IMillNiroLU, TeatibtilA dally. 9:SOpsb o. Vestibule, daily..- l ltum o. sy Afnnoii Arc, e. 8nnday 10:40 aa Joo. 4 Locaj trelght leares Alabama-it yard s ., 7:06 aru, ruuiiian Vestlbuled Sleepers for Chicago Stan 4 t est end of Union b&ulUu, sad eaa bo taAoa at Htti p. doily. Ticket otnoeo No. 2S South I lllaols street and at Union station, Moral Tub-lMs fcSt-IrG! Pl'3 . roa Gas. Steam S Water Boiler Tubes, Cant and Malleable Iron Fittings (black aud galvanised). Vaivt.MouCiMkL hnmi Triminincrs, Hteam Gauges. 11 pe Tones. 11 pe Cutters. VUe. tre mt Plates and Dies. Wrenches, Steam Trap, Pumps, Kitchen Muk. Uoe. Belting, list . bitt MetaL bolder. Whlta an. I Colored S iping Waste, and all othr supplies used in connection with lias. Heam mid Water. 'atural ia Supplies a specialty. rleAiii-heatlng Apitaratus forlliblic llulldlngs. Ptorerootu. Mills bhops. Factories, Iauudrie, Lumber Dry-house, eto. Cut and Thread to order any size Wrougbt-iroa Ilpe from Inch to 12 inches diameter. KNKU1T A JILlJO.N, 75 & 77(4. Pennsylvania st Myron W. Keed, of Denver, CoL, in the First Presbyterian Church, corner Pennsylvania and New York streets. In tho evening, at 8, there will be a public meeting; in Euulisb's Opera-house, with addresses. The uinsio aviII be furnished by the) c!ioir of St. Paul's (Episcopal) Church, Mr. V. P. Kappes. accompanist; Mr. W. De M. Hooper, director; Mrs. E. C. Miller, sof rano; Mrs. A. (J. Jones, alto; Mr. V. If, )aggett. tenor; Mr. John L. Ceiger. bass. ThefollowinKpapeM will be read: "Publio Charities in Europe." Frank H. Sanborn, of Boston; "Experiences as a Charity Organ ization Visitor in Nw York." Mrs. Louise Seymour Houghton, New York; "Tbe International Conference of Charities and Correction in 1W I'er. Fred IL Wines, of Springfield. 111. Kev. II. IL Hnrt, of St, Paul, and Mrs. A. P. Jacobs, of Denver, and lie v. W. IL 15 road head, of Denver, will deliver addresses at the First BtPtist Church at 10-.CQ. Dr. A. G. Warner, of Washington. D. C: Miss Mury 6. Kichmoml, of Baltimore, and Mr. Levi L. Barbour, of Detroit, will deliver addresses at th9 Tabernacle Presbyterian Chnn h at 10:i0. Kev. J as. 11. Nutting, of Khode Island, will preach in Memorial Prebytcrlati Church. Kev. Doremns Scudder. of Chicago, and Mr. John IL Finley. of New York city, will conduct a platform meeting at the Seventh Presbyterian Church at 0:JQ. Rev. 8. F. Smith, of St Ptul. will preach in the morning at Meridian-street M. E. Church. Kev. F. IL Wines, of Sprinctield. 111., will preach in tbe morning in the Second Presbyterian Church. Mr. P. W. Ayres, general secretary of the associated charities of Cincinnati, will deliver an address in tbe Sixth Presbyterian Church, northeast corner McCsrty and Union streets, at 10;.V). Kev. James H. Nutting, of Khode Island, will speak in the eveuing, at the Seventh Presbyterian Church, on "The Criminal from the Chaplain's Stand-point." Rev. W. C. Willson. of North Carolina, will preach at the Hall-place M. E. Church at 10:oX). Kev. Thomas A. Uzzell, of Denver, and Mrs. Louise Seymour Houghton, of New York city, and Homer C. Folks, of Philadelphia, will deliver addresses at Plymouth Church at VrAx Xw Itnfne Kntrpr The Indianapolis Veneer and Panel Company filed articles of incorporation with the Secretary of State yesterday. The capital stock is $25,000, and the directors are John N. Roberts, Francis A. Coflin and Percival B. Coffin. The NoMesville Water and L'ght Company, capital stork f.V.Ooo, and the Star Wood-works Company, of Etansville, capital stock ?o,003, were also Incorporated yesterday. a Indiana Mono Attaining Protntnenet August Mundbenk, a prominent sculptor of Cincinnati, has written to President Langsdale, of the Monument Commission, asking for an analysis of the Bedford stone being ued iu the construction of the big monument here. He wants to recommend it for similar structures in his State. . DO YOU WANT' TO MAKE Sl.OOOP Swift's Specific S. S. S. cured me entirely of mercurial rheumatism after I was made a physical wreck. JNO. II. LYLES, Sorento, III. $1,000 will bo raid to any chemist who will lind ou analysis of Swift's Specific S. S. S. ono particle of Mercury, Iodide of Potash or any poisonous substance. I was cured by Swift' Specific S. S. S. of tho worst form of blood poiaon. D. IL KAIN, Mt. Vernon, Jll, Books on Wood and Skin Diseases free. Tiie Swift SrCiio Co., Atlanta, Ga

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