Indianapolis Journal, Indianapolis, Marion County, 1 December 1890 — Page 2

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL,

MONDAY," DECEMBER 1, 1890.

induced to make a commencement, and some 46,000 acres of land were plowed by them. The results would have even been inore satisfactory but for the very severe winter on the western coast and drought on many of the-Indian reservations. A number of the reservations are well adapted for crazing cattlo and stock 'raising may there be made profitable. This industry, wherever the reservations are suitable, the Secretary says, should be encouraged, but even this will require constant supervision and instruction before the Indian will bo capable of properly civring for the horses and cattle given hiin. REFORM IN ISSUING RATIONS. In view of the alleged discontent among the Sioux and other tribes concerning distribution of rations, the following is of interest: A plan of Issuing rations at sub-stations upon many of the large reservations has been adopted ' and begun to be practiced. Many Indians reside at a distance from the agency, and, having but little restraint upon their appetites, when they receive their rations from the agent they consume them with great voracity on their return journey, so that they vibrate in almost constant motion between their camps and their depot of supplies. The distances are often fifty or even seventy-five miles, and the persistent migration utterly neutralizes all efforts to teach them farming or otherwise permanently improve their condition. Hereafter it is intended to have the rations nearer at hand, and to give the Indian such regularity of food as will enable him to devote the time now used in either a struggle with hunger or eacrlnced to the Indolence produced by overeating to cultivation of the soil, industrial pursuits, home life and education. A reform has also been Inaugurated in distributing beef. Heretofore the live cattle have been started one, two or three at a time from the corral with a lash and a cry, out to the expectant Indians upon the adjoining prairies or open ground. These, mounted and armed with repeating rifles, set upon the already frightened animals with whoop and random firing, to drive them nearer the camps before actually killing the victims. Here and there, near and far, the mlmlo buffalo-hunt Is seen in progress, until, as the destined points are reached, the fatal shot is given, and as the animal falls it is surrounded by the squaws and men and children, and often eaten in large part before fairly cold. It is amazing the practice has been allowed so long, wasteful and barbarous as It is. The commissioner has now ordered all this to cease and that slauehterhouses be built ana . used under supervision of . proper employes, and there is no doubt but that the benefits of this more civilized method will be very great to the Indians. Among other things there will be a better opportunity to inspect the beeves under the new system than has probably existed in the rather rapid delivery to the consumer heretofore In vogue. Further improvements conducive to the protection of the Indian from the fraud and imposition that have been so greatly practiced upon him are already in operation, and will be advanced until the Indian service shall be what it should be, the most just, the most honest, the most progressive and the most humanizing under the government's control. It Is very gratifying to the Secretary to be able to say that by the aid of his assistant secretaries and of the Commissioner and Assistant Commissioner of Indian Affairs, the morals tone and efficiency of this service have been greatly Improved, and the outlook for the Indian is becoming brighter every day. On the subject of "wild West'7 shows and intemperance the report says: When the present administration, began there was little or no restraint upon any seeking to take Indians off the reservations for exhibition In this or other countries. The first act done by the present Secretary was to require a bond of . any person asking such privilege, conditioned on the fair payment and treatment of the Indians and their return to their homes, and for the employment of a white man to be selected to ro along with the Indians and look to their rights and welfare. This, it is thought, did much good In some cases; but experience has shown since that in other cases the Indian has greatly lost by such employment. He is taken into strange and most exciting surroundings; ho is taught to renew the wildest and most savage scenes of Indian warfare, and too ofteu tempted to recur in practice to the lowest vices. When misfortune overtakes him Id any form of disease oraccident, or bankruptcy breaks up the show of his employer, his condition on return home is not a good object-lesson of the benetits of civilized life a found by him in the capitals of our own or other enlightened lands. The results are, in fact, deplorable, and it has been ordered that no more such licenses or contracts shall be made or approved, and that all Indian agents shall exert themselves to prevent atd defeat any attempts in future to take Indians from the reservations or elsewhere for such purines. If some act of Congress were passed forbidding any person or corporation to take into employment or under control any American Indian, it would be of much assistance to the department in enforcing this policy. Further legislation is also needed to enable the Commissioner to contend successfully with the great evil of intemperance, as he sets forth in his report. The international feature, as well as the constitutional question connected with the subject are by him so fully detailed that it is not necessary to do more than refer to them here. His suggestions are heartily recommended to your favorable consideration. The Tension Office. In presenting the report of the Pension Office Secretary Noble says: The work to be done by this bureau has reached wonderful proportions, and its expenditures have sent Into the channels of trade and commerce of our country more than $100,000,000 the past year. The use of this vast sum has served more than one valuable purpose. It has been not alone a relief to the hundreds of thoulands of families of the soldiers who in different wars have served their country, chiefly those who defended tho Union against secession; but it has also transferred, at most opportune moments, the accumulated treasures of the government to the hands of the people, "blessing him that gives and him that takes." The pensions jrranted by previous legislation wiU be largely augmented by those now being allowed under the act entitled "An act granting pensions to soldiers and sailors who are Incapacitated for the performance of manual labor, and providing for pensions to widows, minor children, and dependent parents," approved June 27, lsiK). his act, lu connection with previous legislation, places our Nation above any other in expressions of gratitude to its defenders and fair compensation for . their sacrifices. It may be well to mention here that the reason Why our pension-roll is greater than that of other countries is not alone because the war was colossal, having enrolled nearly two and a quarter millions of men on one side, but because, the country they saved being a republic, each individual of that vast army had a recognized claim to the aid of the Nation. In other lands othcers get much and men little; hero the large bulk of pensions goes to the rank and tile, and .the Immense numbers of these and their dependents swell the pension list to proportions commensurate with the size of the army and the democracy of our principles. At the close of the fiscal year 1890 there were 537,9 li pensioners borne upon the rolls. Their classification is given by the Commissioner as fallows: Army invalid pensioners 392,809 Amy widows, minor children, and dependent relatives 104,456 Navy invalid pensioners 5,274 Navy widows, minor children, and dependent relatives 2,4G0 Survivors of the war of 1812 413 Widows of soldiers of the war of 1812.. 8.610 Survivors of the Mexican war 17,158 Widows of soldiers of the Mexican war 0,764

Total 537,944 At this writing (Oct. 19, 1890) there are claims pending, 892,221. Of these there have been received under the act of June 27, 1890, 483,278. It may be explained that many of the new claims are by those who have old claims pending, so that the number of claims are many more In number than the persons making them. It appears from the Commissioner's report that "there were (36,037 original claims allowed during the year, being .14,716 more oilginal claims than were allowed during the fiscal year 1889, and 6,385 more than were allowed during the fiscal year 18SS." The'amount of the first payment in these 66,637 original cases amounted to $32,473,841.18. being $11,036,492.05 mdre than the first payments on the original claims allowed during the fiscal year 1889, and $10,179,225.72 more than the first payments on the original claims allowedduring the fiscal year 188. The average value of the first payments on these original claims for 1890 was $485.71. The average annual value of each pension at the close of the fiscal year was $133.94. NUMBER OP OLD SOLDIERS, The report embraces a gread deal of matter previously printed concerning those who may secure pensions, number of employes in the bureau and appropriations required for the coming year, which is estimated at $1 3,000,000. The whole number of claims on file Oct. 11 was 870,316; 26,811 were received and 4S6 reopened, making the mm 97,613. Hut 5,392 were disposed of in the same time, so the number pending Oct. 18, 1690, was 892,221. Continuing, the report tays: The Commissioner has considered the question as to the number of our old soldiers very carefully, and has expressed his Judgment in the following table: Number of soldiers enlisted during the war for the Union, excluding re-enlistments 2,213,365 dumber killed in battle and by other casualties and who died of disease to July 1, 1805 364,116 Estimated numherof deaths of soldiers discharged during the war to July 1, 18b5 22S4 Kumber of desertions 121,90 511,296 Number of survivors of the war July 1. 18(J5, less deaths and desertions. 1,702,069 umtH;r of urvlvora Julv 1, 1805, less deaths and desertions, who were subject to the usual laws of mortality 1,110,OC3

Number of survivors July 1, 18G5, who, because of wounds and other disabilities were subject to a higher rate of mortality, equal to twelve years ; shortening of the expectation of life 586,000 Number surviving July 1, 1890, who are probably subject to the ordinary life tables : 831,089 Number surviving July 1, 1890, who are subject to a greater death rate 415,000 Total number of survivors July 1, 1890 1,246,089 Of the foregoing number of survivors about 106,000 are now sixty -two years of age and upwards. The remainder of the report is devoted largely to methods of busines and a reprint of the rules of the department adopted during the year. The Secretary concurs in the: following amendments suggested by the Assistant Secretary: In the second Bection of the act of June 27, 1890, it is provided that, "persons who are now receiving pensions under existing laws, or whose claims are pending in the Bureau of Pensions, may, by application to the Commissioner of Pensions, in such form as e may prescribe, showing themselves entitled thereto, receive the benefits of this act." In view of this provision, that, in many cases wherein "claims are pending in the liureau of Pensions," but wherein appeals to the Secretary have been filed, the adjudication of the same would be greatly facilitated, and the ends of justice sooner reached, if the aforesaid section should be so amended as to authorize the Secretary, when adjudicating said appeals under the old laws; to allow pension under the new law without a formal application to the Commissioner, where, from the evidence in the papers, it shall be clear that the claimant was entitled to pension under the new law. The amendment thus suggested would save expense, labor, and delay to many worthy claimants, and relieve the Bureau of Pensions of a heavy burden in the administration of the law. With reference again to this act, attention is called to that clause in its third section which provides pension for minor children who are "insane, idiotlo. or otherwise permanently helpless." The clause properly provides that the pension granted to such children "shall continue during the life of said child, or during the-period of such disability;" but, under the law, as it stands, in order that such children shall be pensioned during life, or "during the period of such disability," it must appear that the father, or the mother, died prior to the expiration of the limit affixed to the pensionable minority period, viz.: sixteen years of age; and, therefore, if, when the parent dies, the insane, or idiotic, or otherwise permanently helpless child is more than, incead of "under sixteen years of age," a minor's pension cannot be allowed. In view of this fact, the act should be so amended as to admit all "insane, idiotic, or otherwise permanently helpless children" to minor's pension, regardless of the date of the parent's death, or remarriage, at any period prior to and including the age of twenty-one years. Publlo Lands. Under the head of oublio lands the Secretary says that, exclusive of Alaska, there are over 5S6.216.8C1 acres of vacant lauds, of which 2S2,772,439 are already surveyed. Alaska contains 577,800 square miles, or 3C9,529,G00 acres, of which not more than a thousand acres have been entered. The aggregate reaches 055.74C.461 acres. In commenting on tho policy of the government in its bestowment of the public lands upon States. Territories, schools, colleges, railroads and individnals, the report says: "There still remains this immense empire, noted above, to be occupied by the growth of our free and industrious population. This policy has been deemed by some to be too free and regardless of the future, but had ' it been otherwise the restraint upon the increase of States, upon the progress of improvement, upon the establishment of millions on their.own homesteads, and upon the support of education, would have been incalculable, and the loss in competency, independence and patriotism would have far outweighed the money value of the lands granted. The Republic strengthens permanently its most substantial resources when it converts its wilds into homes, establishes upon the vacant national domain new. Territories and maintains them until they come into the Union as prosperous States." The policy of the, department has been continued, as the Secretary's last report shows it to have been begun, under the present administration, in giving a liberal interpretation to the land laws in favor of the settlers and by advancing, as far as can reasonably be done, the early decisions upon all entries made, contested or uncontested. The report urges the claims of Florida for both a topographical and geological survey, because of the recent discovery of valuable beds of phosphates. There are yet thousands of swamp 'lands in that State which may, upon investigation, prove of great value and be sold under the laws applicable to mineral lands. Considerable space is devoted to discussion of arid lands and irrigation in the Western States, and Congress is urged to enact laws defining the national policy in this business. Attention is called to the invasion of timber lands, and especially to the thefts committed by Canadians on the Northern border, and more Btrmgent legislation is recommended for the preservation of public forests generally. In regard to some of tho receivers of public moneys appointed by Mr. Cleveland the report says: Boon after the present administration was inaugurated it was discovered that many of the local land offices throughout the country were not complying strictly with the law In making deposits of the public moneys they received from day to day and week to week, where the offices were distant from a proper place of deioslt, and a number of tbem were reported as defaulters. Some of them were actually so, but on further examination it was found that the charge was not sustained as against a few who, although thsy had not strictly complied with the law, had doun so substantially; and the cause of their being apparently derelict arose from the fact that uoti':e of their deposits were sent only to the Treasury Department, and tho Information did not reach the Land Office before the account was there made up. This has been corrected by the Secretary of the Treasury requiring receivers of the public moneys to send, when required, duplicate receipts for any deposits made by them at the depositories to. the General Land Office, as well as to the Treasury Department. By this means the credit aprears at once in the Land Office as well

as in the Treasury, and the acc ount as made tip in either place will bo the same. This very slight change. It is thought, will prevent the loss or vast sums of money to tbo government. The loss through receivers appointed by the previous administration amounted to over $25,611.17. Prosecntions have been instituted, and it is hoped that the greater part will be recovered. Although more and better work has been accomplished in the Land Office than ever before, the Secretary calls attention to the insufficiency of the clerical force to promptly dispose of all cases as they are tiled. The Census, Education and Other Matters. ' In closing a resume of the work of the Census Office, Secretary Noble says: It Is a noteworthy fact that upon the promulgation of the questions to be answered for the purposes of the census, some relating to disease and other of the subjects above mentioned, a great number of editors throughout the country began a bitter attack upon the whole census system, and used every means of argument and invective to array the people against replying to the inquiries of tho enumerators, and even denounced the whole work in advance. But the people recognized the census as a na tional work, meant not only for tho ne cessities of our own government, but for the benefit of all me;', and the questions. Including those relating to farms, homes and mortgages, were almost universally and J promptly answered. This census will, it is beieved, be found to be reliable. To say that there are no errors in it would be to claim for it more than can be expected of any such work. But those who find the most fault with it are those who from the beginning have endeavored to dofeat it. The great body of our people are content with it. The disputes that have arisen as to certain cities, and even one State, have been patiently heard where it was asked, aud opinions given at length setting forth the reasons for tho action taken. Time alono can now test the eleventh census, exposing- errors, if any exist, and continuing its substantial accuracy. Tho work has certainly been most carefully prepared, and as the result goes to the country, the Secretary feels that the duty imposed upon the Census Office has been faithfully performed. Increased interest has been shown in the operations of the liureau of Education, and there is a disposition on the part of South era colleges to co-operate with tho Commissioner. The division of statistics shows that there are enrolled in the public schools of the United States V2,2JV27J pupils, or 19.7 per cent, of the total population. The increase during ope year has been 220,103, or at the rate of 1.83 per cent, per annum. This, however, has not equaled the rate of growth of the school population, which has been 2.17 per cent per annum. The progressive decrease in the number of public school pupils as compared with the popula tion in tbe Northern States, is still going on; in point of fact, there has been daring the past year an absolnte decrease in the number of pupils enrolled in six of the Northern States, and in one other New York there has been an increase of only 544 pupils against an increase of school population of over 0,000. The Commissioner calls attention to the fact that the proportion of the total popu

lation enrolled is greater in the South Atlantic than in the North Atlantic States. With the proportion of school population, however, the reverse is the case; for every hundred children of school age there are 10S pupils enrolled in the North Atlantic States and only eighty-eight in the South Atlantic. This diti'erence arises from the excess of children of school age in the South. In the Commissioner's opinion the apparent retrograde movement in the Northern States may be partially accounted for by the increase of private and parochial schools and by the tendency to refrain from sending children to school at as early an age as heretofore, whereby the number of very yonng pupils baa diminished. In Massachusetts, for instauce, the number of pupils under five years of nge has decreased during each of tho last ten years. Tho growth of tbe public-school S3-stem of tbe South is a remarkable phenomenon. Tho schools of Alaska, the report says, are not in good condition, one difficulty being the inability to procure suitable teachers. In giving statistics of the Patent Office the Secretary urgesnecessity for legislation amendatory of the Revised Statutes relating to patents. He says: "Some of the provis ions which should be altered are: .Section 4035, relative to the pa3'ment of patent fees: bection 4SS7, relating to the duration, of patents for inventions previously patented in a foreign country; Section 477. fixing compensation of examiners-in-chief, and Section 4910, authorizing appeals from the examiners-in-chief to the Commissioner of Patents, and Section 4Uo4i relative to charges for certified copies of printed matter. The amendment of the act of Congress relating to the registration of trade-marks, approved Aug. 5, 1882,.so as to include trade-marks used in interstate commerce, is also recommended." The present force of clerks, the Secretary says, is inadequate, and additional room is needed.'. That part of the report covering the Bureau of Railroads isvoluminous and gives the condition of all the laud-grant lines. The geological survey is believed to be doing a good work, and to have assisted much in opening up mineral lands in the West. The report closes with statistics showing the condition of various government hospitals and benevolent institutions, of the public parks, and of the Territories. Under h Inat.nntrtfri lipftVi tlifl Mnrmnn nnestion

is touched upon and the report of the Utah Commission given in full; also, the recent proclamation of the president of the Mormon Church. THE NAVY DEPART3IENT. Annual Report of Secretary Tracy New Vessels, Armor, Naval Militia and Coast Defense. Washington, Nov. SO. Secretary of the Navy Tracy's annual report has been placed in the hands of the President. It shows that since March. 4, 1SS9, nino new vessels have been completed and placed in commission the Chicago, Yorktown, Petrel, Charleston, Baltimore, Cushing, Vesuvius, Philadelphia and the San Francisco. During this winter four more will be added to the list the Newark, Concord, Bennington and the Mlantonomr.h. Five others are well advanced the Maine, Puritan, Amphitrite, Monadnock and thetTerror. The designs of seven more are com-, pleted, but their construction has not yet been undertaken. It thus appears that, during the twenty months covered by the : E resent administration, nine new - ships ave been put in commission; four, including one monitor, have been advanced to a point where they are just about to go into commission; live are in such acondition that they will shortly be waiting only for their ;. armor; seven have been built from the ! keel up, of which the Texas and Monterey ' are nearly ready for launching, and the live , cruisers are well advanced; while,T of the six others previously authorized, all have been designed and advertised, and?all but one, the ram. have been contracted for and are actually under construction. Tho Secretary says, in pointing out the merits of thb new cruisers: "It is no longer necessary, ip considering the speed of the new ships of the navy, to make comparisons with foreign vessels. We have now our own standard, and we have the right to congratulate oarselves that tbe standard is unsurpassed by any other navy in the world." !! Concerning the new nickel-steel alloy for armor-plate, the report reiterates the tests recently made by the department, in "which six and eight-inch guns were used. The trials took place at tbe proving ground'at Auna polls, fcfept 18-2 - and were in the highest degree instructive. The six-inch gun proved to be superior to the English compound plate, which was completely perforated and. practically shattered by four shots. In the case of the other two plates the resistance of the arm r was superior to the , performance of the, gun, and to complete the test it became :jbecossary to use a higher calibre. The eight-Loch gun was accordingly fired at alf ; the plates, with the result that the projectilo destroyed the compound plate and broke the ti6tcel plate into four separate pieces, held together only by the fibers. , The nickel; plajte, though slightly more penetrable, remained Absolutely uncracked; the apertures made, ln4t were plugged by the projectiles, and for all practical purposes of protecting a ship It was as pc'ffect at the close of the trial as If no shot had been fired. -JJ- "i In view of the great superiority, shown; at this trial, of the nickel plate over the others lit use at the present time, Congress, at the request or th department, made an appropriation of. $&,00O 000 with which to purchase nickel matte.' Before entering upon extensive purchases I be department has thought it wise to roaktv still further tests, and with this In view a limited quantity of nickel, amounting in value to- about $50,000, has been purchased. No more will be procured until complete experiments have been made. The vice of the all-steel armor is its tendency to crack. This liability to crack at shock or perforation seems to be removed by an alloy of about 5 per cent, of nickel. The mixture enhances to a noticeable degree the qualities of elastio lirqlt and tensile strength, leaving tho percentage of elongation at a figure which makes cracking almost impossible. These qualities are precisely those necessary in armor plate. Another peculiar feature, whose bearincs and cauites are not yet fully ascertained, is the retention of the" projectile in the aperture which it makes in the plate. The substance of the metal appears to seize upon the projectile and hold it fast, thereby closing the very shot-hole that it opens. Striking as these characteristics are, the department has no disposition to adopt hasty conclusions, however sensational their character, upon Imperfect or inadequate trials, and proposes to continue its experiments until absolute demonstration has been reached. . i In view of the special qualities which nickel steel has apparently developed in its application to armor, and ot the possibility that results of equal Importance may be accomplished by the employment of alloys of varying proportions for other purposes, the department has directed the Bureau of Ordnance to institute experiments with small samples of nickel steel, varying in their composition, for the following purposes: Construction plate similar to that used In shipbuilding; boiler plate; construction plate which f hall be used in a comparative test with tbe ordinary steel plate, as to its non-fouling qualities when uhed as bottom-plates of steel vessels; metal for projectile. Secretary Tracy thinks a naval militia is a vital necessity, and says: One of the most vital defects in our present naval system is the want of an organized militia, so trained that in case of necessity it will re prepared to supply the demands of the naval service. The number of seamen now allowed by law is 7,500. Most of them at any given time are necessarily scattered. They would not be available at all in an emergency, nor would they, in any case, be numerous enough to form more than the nucleus of an active force, The want of a supply of men in resserve places the navy at a great disadvantage as eompared with the array. The army has always behind it a well-trained militia, which makes Its real numerical strength. Without this it would bo a feeble instrument of national defense. The navy needs Its reserves as much as the army, and they should be composed not only of trained seamen, but of trained naval eearoen. The development of the militia is in the interest of a true economy. Its cost to the general government lies only in arms and equipment for training. The remainder of the expense is voluntarily, borne by the States.Compared with the cost of a regular force of the fame size this expense is little more than nominal, as the periods of active employment are confined to what Is required for training purposes alone. It is the true American principle that the standing forces of the government, military or naval, 6hould bo kept on the smallest possible footing consistent with the requirements of defense. But it is essential to the mantenance of this principle that there should be a body of trained c itizens back of the small standing force which will be ready to meet an emergency. Tbe United States has no use for a large body of men, drawn away from productive labor and consuming their time in a permanent army or navy, but it requires that provision should be made for recruiting both branches of the service in case of necessity directly from the people. The Secretary believes Congress should provide a liberal system of coast defense, and points out the danger to New York, Urooklyn and other large cities in the event of war. in the following words: With a fleet once In the harbor the consequences would be of such magnitude that the country at large could not disregard them. Tho popular impression is that the danger of a 6ea coast city is a danger ot bombardment, with ransom us an alternative. It is not regarded as a pressing danger, being opposed to tbe civilized tendencies of the age, and, at tbe worst, a menace that can be bought on. Leaving out. however, the possibility, If such a possibility exists, that a state at war will forego an overwhelming

strategic advantage out of deference to the "civilized tendencies of the age." and that any state or city is rich enough to Eay the fifty or one hundred millions that may e exacted as the price of immunity, the danger does not stop here. The terms of ransom would undoubtedly include the surrender of all the shipping, naval or mercantile, lu the port. In the case of New York it Is hard to say what limit would be fixed to a ransom, and Brooklyn and Jersey City would contribute their shares. But the calamity would not end with the payment of money and the surrender of ships. An enemy's fleet, once In tho waters of Now York, would remain there. Commerce would be annihilated. Communication would be absolutely cut oft The ferry-boats would cease to run. The Brooklyn bridge would be closed to traffic as the condition of its preservation. Finally, the railroad communications would be cut and the food supply of two ard one-half millions of people would come to an end. Capitalists might afford to pay a ransom, but fanxiao would fall first on the homes of the poor. The ransom paid by that population would be anything which it was in their power to give, and which the fleet in the harbor would acpept as the prico for its departure. If any oue fancies that this is an overdrawn picture, let him make a simple calculation of the amount of food daily it quired by two and one-half millions ofreople. In conclusion the Secretary says: "The best guaranty of peace is a judicious expenditure for the navy, such as will meet the necessities of the country. At the present time it has not such a force, nor will it have the force required even when all the ships now authorized are completed. Tbe problem of naval construction has been 'simplified almost beyoud belief in tho last eight years. It only remains to add to the number of vessels of types already in existence. The price is not too high to nay if it affords the means whereby the United States, for the iirst time in many years, may be enabled to preserve and defend its rights. War is a, great calamity, but it is not the greatest calamity that can befall a free, intelligent and self-respecting people." THE CIVII. SERVICE.

Points of Local Interest from the Annual Report of the Commissioners. ' Special to the Indianapolis Journal. Washington, Nov. CO. The annual report of the Civil-service Commission was made public to-night. The report states that the classified service has grown so as to include at present more than thirty thousand people. Considerable space is devoted to the question of removals in the classified service for partisan reasons, and figures are given which show that during the iirst year of Mr. Cleveland's administration .between 7 and 8 per cent, of tho appointments made during the previous administration were removed or resigned; and of those who came into departmental service through civil-service examinations during Mr. Cleveland's administration, alike more than 8 per cent., were removed or resigned during the first year of the present administration. Commenting on this diilerence of barely one-half of 1 per cent, in removals during the first year of opposing administrations the commission says: "It is eo small that It may be entirely disregarded, for it is likely to have arisen from other than political causes. When only 8 per cent, of the appointees of one administration are separated from the service during the first year of a succeeding administration, the year in which, under tbe old system, the greatest number of removals for political reasons were made, it is safe to say that political considerations have practically ' disappeared as factors in making removals in, the classified Service of .the departments at Washington. Doubtless, in a force of 8,000 employes, where changes are contiually being made, some of these changes are made for. improper reasons; but this is true of any system and of any business, public, or private. In the departmental service at Washington the figures show that the question of politics has been practically eliminated in making removals, and for the past seven years the law, as a whole, , has been faithfully and honestly observed in the departments, although having been subjected to the strain of two changes of administrations.'1 In tbe customs and postal services the result is less satisfactory.' The report says: Comparing the percentages of removals in the , classified service in each poatoflico with tbe number of removals made In tbe unclassified places, the difference Is astonishing. In one case the percentages range from 3 to 28, In the other from 46 to over 00, and the average is about seven times as great among those employes not protected by the law as it is among those who are protected by the law. Turning to the table which shows the number ot removals made In six otlices during the first year of Mr. Cleveland's administration, it is found that In three of them Boston, Brooklyn and "Washington the removals were from 7 toMl ?er cent., the average for the three being, for nstance, exactly that obtaining in Chicago, New York and Indianapolis during the first year of the present administration. Such figures are of course conclusive proof that practically no changes for political reasons were made. The commission takes this opportunity to reiterate, however, its belief that 'in all cases where a removal is made the appointing officer should give the accused man a chance to be heard in his own defense, and should be required to file in writing a full statement of his reasons for making the removal, such statement to be made public if the accused so desires it. In the event of a very large number of removals being made in an of fice, this fact should be considered presumptive evidence that they were made for political reasons, and to overcome this presumption the officer making them should be able to give specifically and in detail the reasons for each removal made. 8o far from having enough eligibles to supply the public service for twenty-five years to come, there are barely enough on the average to supply them for eight months in advance, and this, too. only on the supposition that certifications can be made indiscriminately from all the lists to all the places asked for. As a matter of fact, there are many of the lists on which there has never been a surplusage of eligibles from any States, and there is no list on which there had habitually been a surplusage of eligibles from all States. The commission gives ample notice to every applicant of his or her chances of appointment. Kvery applicant who reads the pamphlet of instructions sent him knows roughly wha'u chance a person from, any- given State has of Appointment on any given list. As a matter of fact, even on the lists where there is the greatest Xresure for place, tho ratio of applicants to the number of appointments is probably very much smaller than it is for most otfices where the appointments are made under the patronage system. The commission has fortunately been able to make an experiment of its theory that good would result from putting on the local boards men unconnected with the offices for which thofte boards conduct examinations, and therefore free from all possibility of inliuence on the part of the local appointing officer. In Indianapolis and Baltimore the commission found citizens who were in the publlo service owing to their connection with the federal courts or Census Bureau, but who had no connection whatever with the local postoffices, and who were independent gentlemen of position and of high standing in the community. Messrs. Fishback and Butler, of Indianapolis, and Mr. Rose, of Baltimore, consented to serve on the postal boards In their respective cities, Mr. Rose at the time being connected with the Census Bureau, and Messrs. Butler and Fishback with the United States Court. The presence on the board of these gentlemen brought about excellent results in convincing outsiders that the workings of the boards were absolutely non-partisan, and beyond all suspicion of improper inliuence. The commission already had thorough confidence in the integrity of both the Indianapolis and the Baltimore boards, but recognized the fact that every means should be taken to insure public confidence in the working of the system, and hailed the chance of putting on these boards men of high standing in their respective communities, who did not make their living in the government service, and were entirely independent of government position. The result has been most . satisfactory, and thanks are due Messrs. Fishback, Butier and Rose for their disinterested public service. It cannot be too often reiterated that, while the law may not work with ideal perfection, actual experience for seven years has shown that it produces on the whole a better governmental administration than does the patronage system. Moreover, what is more important, it immeasurably betters the tone; of political life by making the mass of government employes simply what they purport to be. that Is, public servants and not adherents of the party in power, organized into disciplined bodies for its support and straining every effort to secure its continuance and supremacy. It is noteworthy that the offices and bureaus which show the best results In giving an honest, efficient and economical administration, are precisely those in which the civil-service law has been most faithfully observed. Choosing almost at random, the postoffices at Boston and Brooklyn under the last administration on the one hand, and those at Chicago and Indianapolis under the present administration on the other, can bo taken as Illustrations and proofs of this statement, although in speaking of the above postoffices It must be distinctly understood that there is no Intention to slight many others which might be named where the same conditions have obtained. The Sooth Solidifying for I111L . Augusta (Oa.) Chronicle. , And now Senator Daniel of Virginia, like bis colleague, Senator Barbour, has pronounced for Governor Hill for President in 1893. . "Time is money." If you have a bad cold don't mope around and half do your work. Get a bottle of Dr. Bull's Cough fcyrup; take a dose at night and get up next morning cured. You need not despair! Salvation Oil will heal your burnt arm without a scar. 25 cents.

Highest of all in Leavening Powr.

CHEAP MEN AND W031EN. Mr. Fronde Calls Attention to English, Jlssatisfaction with Free Trade. Philadelphia Inquirer. The activity of the free-traders of Eng-. land in this country is calculated to blind our people to the existence of the undertow of ' free trade discontent in Great Britain. The people of England are by no means all free-traders. Tbe outspoken way in which Mr. Froude voices, the anti-free-trade sentiment of England in his new' biography of Disraeli is likely to call universal attention to the by no means altogether happy state of a 11 airs in Great Britain; and certainly the policy of protection has had few stronger arguments advanced in its favor than he advances in his description of the condition, of social and industrial England, which has been brought about by the freetrade policy ensuing upon the abolishment of the corn laws. In brief, be intimates that England is going the way of Venice and many a political commonwealth whose prosperity has been founded upon commerce. Tbe cry for cheap goods is the most frequent campaign cry of the free-trader in this country. Mr. Froude says that the mania for cheap things has made England rotten to the core. Everything there has become cheap, even to her politics and her Parliament. The boom which followed the abolition of the corn laws has proved to be as unlasting as the boom which our own Farmers' Alliance hopes to bring about by a government issue of currency for the farmers' particular benefit would certainly prove to be. The wheatfields of America and India have let the bottom out of the English free-trade boom, and the thinking people of England, like Mr. Froude, who are unmoved by political considerations to support the free-trade policy of Great Britain, see that their country is threatened with the fate of all countries which rely upon other nations to feed tbem. The interest shown by Englishmen in American politics, their, sending of money" and free-trade pamphlets to America, the exertion of English influence in behalf of the Democratio party are accounted for by the condition of England herself as pictured by Mr. Froude. She must either persuade America to open her markets to her or she must prepare to abandon the policy which she has so long pursued. The occasional successes of the Democratio party in the United States give her hope; when there is a Republican Congress or a Republican President she thinks that the next election will make her prospects brighter. Ignoring all local issues, the English papers have hailed the recent elections in this country as a harbinger of good times in England. They out-Herod Herod in attributing the financial stringency in this country to the McKinlev bill, our own freetrade papers having only gotten eo far as to deny that the failures among the bankers and brokers and depreciation in the prices of securities and the staples have been due to the Democratic majorities. Indeed, the joy over the defeat of Mr. McKinloy in England and trance was too great to be concealed, though the English papers, in order to substitute hope for the national impatlencdo conceal that he was gerrymandered out of his seat in Congress. . Mr. Froude delinea tbe distinction between the English policy of free trade and the American policy of protection when he says that the British statesmen have run their government solely on the pollticoeconomic plan, and have failed to consider the human beings who makeup the nation. In making things cheap, in their manialfor .cheapness they have made men cheap. Our own free-traders who have had their laugh atjthe notion that there can be too much cheapness will yet have to face tbe question whether it is desirable to cheapen America and cheapen American men and women. Vanderbllts Out of Wall Street. Chicago Post. Itis-only a few days since that W. K. Vanderbilt told a Wall-street banker that, while ho was inclined toward the bull side of tho market, be had severed all connection with the street and was leaving stocks 'severely alone. A great many persons are inclined to scoff at this assurance, as they do at similar declarations from Jay Gould, who has been "out" of the market many a time and oft, but who has gotten back again with decided emphasis, the results of which were generally unpleasant to all concerned. But with the Vanderbllts it is different, and there are few people who are inclined to doubt Mr. W. Ka statement. Circumstances rather bear him out, not . only as tar as he is individually concerned, bat the same is true of the whole Vanderbilt family. Some shrewd speculators say the retirement of the Vanderbilt family is due to a desire to avoid a battle royal with the "Little Wizard." whose views on finances and financial conditions are not the same as those shared by the Vanderbllts. . The Vanderbilts have no representative who is endowed with euilicient ability to stir np and maintain a row with Gould, and knowing ones say the Vanderbilts appreciate this as much as any one else. For a time the Vander bilts cut quite a figure in the street, but a number of months ago it began to bo noticed that their, operations were dwindling down.' They carried on their business through three or four sets of brokers, and during one month last spring over $2,000,000 worth of their paper passed through the latter's hands. Since the stringency in the money market became so pronounced these, brokers have had very little to do for tbe richest family in America, and it has been reported for a month or two that the street would know the business members of it but little in the future. Mr. Vanderbilt's declaration the other day appears to confirm this vie How Colleges Grow Great. Philadelphia Becora. The student of Harvard College who argued that as a result of the late foot-ball triumph his alma mater would gain a large accession of new students who would otherwise have drifted to Yale, was stating a business proposition which the faculty would hardly care to father; but there can be no doubt that, in his blunt fashion, he expressed a great truth in the philosophy of collegiate competition. Not Meant for Eastern Circulation. Springfield Republican (Mug.) The story is renewed that Cleveland is a convert to the free-coinage faith, and Senator Vest is said to possess a letter from the exvPresident, which he exhibited to some of tbe faithful at the last session of Congress, stating as much. It may be said that there is no truth in the yarn. An Alarming Creature. Philadelphia Press. Editor Dana has discovered a new and terrible creature called the jobbernowl, which is far more ferocious than the jiboose, jabberwock, jnbjub bird, or gryphon. An extended description of the beast, bird, or fish, its haunts and habitsf is awaited with interest. Getting Together. Philadelphia Inquirer. It is reported that the advocates of New York's two presidential candidates are 'gettiug together and making arrangements for a solid and impenetrable front in 18U3." So we have seen oil and water get together, but one of them was always on top. The McKlnley Bill In Canada. Boston Journal. A Bostonian strayed to Montreal this week. Taking np the bill of fare he noticed that the price of champagne had advanced. "How is this!" he inquired of the head waiter, "Champagne gone npP "Well, sir, yon know that McKiuley bill has touched usr Drift of the Farmers Alliance Movemeut. Washington Post. The only phase of the movement that wears an ominous aspect is tho drift of sentiment it betrays toward tbe exercise of greater paternalism by the general government. But this may be stayed by

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U. S. Gov't Report, Aug. 17, iSC RAILWAY TiaiE-T Allies. 7 " From IndisnapoUs Union Station. ennsylvania Jjriss Last WeV- SCuih North. IVatn run by Central Standard Tint Leave for Pittsburg. Baltimore C d 4: lb a m. Washington, Philadelphia and New d 3:00 p m. York. - (dfl:80pra, Arrive from the East, d 11:40 anL, d 12:50 pa. anddl0:0Opm. ' Leave for Columbus, 9.-00 am.; arrive from Columbus, 3:45 pin.; leave for Klchmoud. 4-Cil pnu arrive from Richmond. i:00 am. Leave for Chicago, d 11:05 am., d 11:30 pr4 arrive from Chicago, d 3:30 rm.; d 3:30 am, Leave for Louisville, d 3:40 am,. 8:00 arx, d 3:45 pxu. Arrive from Louisville, d 11:00 any, 5:55 pin., d 10:50 pm. Leave for Columbus, 4:10 pm. Arrirs froa Columbus 10:20 am. Leave for Ylnoennes and Cairo, 7:20 am 4:00 pm.; arrive from Ylnc&nnes and Cairo; 10:59 .smSiOOpta, d, dally; other trains except Sunday. TfAKDALIA LINK SllOHTESr HOUTtt TO OT. LOUIS AND THK WaST. Trains arrive and leave Iudianspolli&i follows: Leave for St. Louia, 7:30 am. 11:50 am, ltOO p m, 11:03 pm. Greencastle and Terre Iltuts AcoomMatlon.4.00 pm. Arrive from St, Louis, 3:4.5 am. 4:15 am, 'J;60pm,6:2J pro. 7:45 pm. Tcrre llsnte and Greencastle AccomMatton, 10.00 am. Sleeping aud Parlor Cars are run on through trslna Fur rates and information apply to ticket agent ef the company, or 1L. 1C DEliLN'G. Asautant Genera Pasasnger Aent THE VESTIBULED PULLMAN CAE LINE. LXAVX llf DUMA PO LIS. Ko. 38 Mcnon Aoc. ex. HuniUy 5:15 pa No. 3 Chicago LAm, PuUman VeaUhuled coaches, parlor and dining car. daily 11:25 am Arrive in Chicago MO pm. No. 34 Chicago Night Ex Pull man Veati. holed coaches and sleepera. daUr 12:40 aa Arrive in Chicago 7:35 am. AHK1VK AT L.4U1ANAPOUS. No. 31 Vestibule, dally..- 3:?0pa No. 33 Vestibule, daily 3 15 atm No. ay Morion Acc.;ex. Sunday 10:40 axa No. 48 Local freight leaves Alabama- t. yard at i 7:05 am. rullmaa Vestibuled Sleepera for Chieago stand at west end of Union station, and can be taken at p. m.. daily. Ticket offices No. 26 South Illinois street and at Union station. Vrongit-Iroii Pipe roa Gas, Steam & Water Boiler Tubes, Cast and Malleable Iron Fittings (black and galvanized). Valves, Stop Cocks, Kngina Trimmings, Steam Gauges, Pipe Tongs, Plte Cutters, Vises, bcrew Plates and Dies, Wrenches, Steain Traps, Pumps, Kitchen Finks, Hose, Beltlnf:, Babbitt Metal. Bolder, White and Colored Wiping Waste, and all other supplies used In connection with Uan. Eteain and Water. Natural Gas Supplies a specialty. Steam-Lea ting Apparatus for Public Braidings, Storerooms, Mills. Shops, Factories, Laundries, Lumber Dry-houses, etc. Cut and. Thread to order any slzo Wrought-iron Pip from a Inch to 12 inches diameter. KNIGHT A JILLSON, 75 & 77 8. Pennsylvania at. COMPANY'S LIEBIG EXTRACT OF For Improved and economic cookery, use It for Soups, Sauces, and Made lilahes. In flavor incomparable, and dissolves perfeotly clear In water. Makes delicious Beef Tea and keeps in all climates for any leDfrth of time, lib equal to 40 lbs of lean beef. Only sort guaranteed genuine by Justus von Liebig and bears his signature in blue, thus:. judicious remedial legislation in otbor directions. It should be the' highest aim of statesmanship to check all tendencies toward a further centralization of power with the gradual absorption of individual enterprisethe ultimate sacrifice of the first principles of self-government that centralization involves. now They Do It In England. Germantown Telegraph. We have known cases in which much unpleasantness has ensued between neighbors on the question of ownership of the fruits and nuts on trees growing alongside of the line. The owner of tho land on which the tree stood claimed all the fruit and nuts: and in one instance he insisted upon his right to go upon his neighbor's land to gather np the fruit that had fallen, also to get that which had been shaked down. But the law. wherever a case of this kind has been tried, was against this claim. The owner of the land into which the roots of his neighbor's trees ran is entitled to all the fruit of the overhanging branches. 13ut the law seems to be dillerent in England. Some time ago two neighbors, both lawyers, -got into a controversy of this kind, but whether it was a serious one or was intended simply to advertise theii trade, there was a dinerence of opinion. 13 this as it may, one had a near tree not exactly on the lino between him and hit neighbor, but so that the roots went into his neighbor's ground, and the branches overhung his neighbor's property. One day live ripe pears fell off on tbe neighbors ground lrom the overhanging branches, and these were picked no and thrown over the garden fence, and of course damaged by the throwing. He claimed, therefore, GO cents damages, the value be put on the five pears. The matter was in itself trivial, bnt no doubt there bad been much angry feelingand dispute about their respective "rights" long before this. The suit was simply on "the last feather which broke the earners back." The court decided that, tbe defendant had no right to throw the pears over and thus risk their damage, bnt should have sent them around to Uis churlish neighbor; bat as the damage was not total the claim was reduced to 13 cents, presumably that though braised some parts of tbem were of use. We cannot imagine where tho magistrate got his law from to oblige a person to carry tbe pears carefullv to his neighbor, or to have anything to no with the pears at all. liui wo fancy tLat he was a justice, who had his own ideas of law, and not of the law itself as it existed. In this country such a decision would have been hooted at; and if we had anybody her mean enough to go to law for such damages, and he a lawyer "to boot," it would be an end of him socially and professionally, and ha would have to move. That Confuting Word Again. Chicago Newa. A Milwaukee genins has patented a typewriter which, he says, "is small and can be held on the knee in a railway train." Tht surprising thing about this is that such a type-writer could be patented. No ItepeaL - PhlladelpMa Tress. Some of the Democratio newspapers are prophesying that the McKinley act vflll soon be repealed, 'lhe Democrats cannot repeal it themselves and the Kt-pubhcani won't An Organ's Dangerous Position. AVashir juu Poftt. The Charleston News and Courier, snugly encased in the Miller-Elliott giati houae, is throwing stones at iSeuata Chandler,

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