Indianapolis Journal, Indianapolis, Marion County, 24 July 1890 — Page 2

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, THURSDAY, JULY 24, 1890.

dl.cus.Ion of tho questions involved between the two governments. Her Majesty's povem ment much recret to lind that this understanding has not been carried forward Into the prrsent year, and that instructions havo been i.ucd to cruisers of the United States to scixo British vessels fishing for peals in Bearing ea outside tho limit of territorial waters. The grounds upon which these violent measures have been taken have not been communicated to her Majesty's government, and still remain unexplained. But, In view of the unexpected renewal of the seizure of which her Majesty's government have previously complained, it i my duty to protest against them, and to state that, in the opinion of her Majesty's government, they are wholly unjustified by international law. It appears that Mr. Blaine inquired what authority thero was for the above-stated assurance of Mr. Bayard, as in a note, on Oct 14 last, Mr. Edwardes says that it was an assurance communicated unotlicially to his Lordship by the United States minister in London, and also by Mr. Bayard to Minister West, in April, 1SJ&. The correspondence between Secretary Blaine and the new British minister began Jan. 22 of this year, with a very Ion? letter from the Secretary to Sir Julian Pauncofote. Tho Secretary opened with an acknowledgement of the receipt of the papers bearing on the seizures mudo by the Bush. He says: In the opinion of the President the Canadian Tetels arrested and detained In the Behring sea were engaged in a pursuit that was in itself contra bonos mores, a pursuit which of necessity involves a serious and permanent Injury to the righu of the government and people of the United States.. To establish this ground it i not necessary to argue the question of the extent and nature of the Hovereignty of this government over the water of the Behrinc sea: it is not neeessary to explain, certainly not to define, the iowers and privileges ceded by his Imperial Iajesty.the Emperor of Ilubla, in tho treaty by which the Alaskan territory was transferred to the United States. Tho weighty considerations growingontof the acquisition of that territory, with all the rights in lend and sea inseparably connected therewith, may be safely left out of view while the grounds are set forth upon which this government resta iU justification for the action complained of by her Majesty's government. The Secretary then speaks of tho value of the seal lisberies, which were controlled by Kussia without interference or question nntil tho cession of Alaska to tho United States in 1807. -This undisturbed possession continued to the United States until 18t. tiasaincr wh.ilinir vessels abstaining from

seal capture. Ho says that this uniform absence of all attempts to take fur seal in those waters had ben a constant recognition of the right had and exercised first by Russia, and subsequently by this government. It had also been the recognition of a fact now held beyond denial or doubt, that the taking of seals in the open sea leads to their extinction. The Secretary, continuing, says that this is proved not only by expert testimony, but by the total destruction of all seal fisheries except tho one. in tho Behring sea, which tho government of the United States is now trying to preserve, not altogether for tho ute of the American people, but for tbe use of tho world at large, lie recites the successful eliorts of tho United States government to improve and preserve the fisheries, resulting in the payment of more than $12.000,C00 to English laborers for the preparation of the seal skins and the elevation to civilization of tho natives of Alaskan islands, 'lie eays: This, in brief, was the condition of the Alaska fur seal fisheries down to the year 188G. The precedents, customs and rights had been established and enjoyed either by Kussia or tho United rJtates for nearly a century. The two nations were tho only powers that owned a foot of land on the continents that bordered, or on the islands included within, the Behring waters where tho eeals resort to breed. Into this peaceful and secluded field of labor, whose benefits were so equitably shared by the native Aleuts of the Pribyloff islands, by the United States, and by England, certain Canadian vessels in 1880 asserted their ritcht to enter, and by their ruthless course to destroy the fisheries, and with them to destroy also the resulting industries which are so valuable. The government of the United States at once proceeded to check this movement, which, unchecked, was sore to do great and irreparable harm. It was the cause of unfeigned surprise to tho United States that her Majesty's government Bhouldlmmedlalely interfere to defend, to encourage (surely to encourage by defending) the course of the Canadians In disturbing an industry wnicn naa Deen careruny aeveiopea ior more than ninety years under the flags of Russia and the United States developed in such manner as not to Interfere with the public rights or the private Industries of any people or any other person. Whence did the ships of Canada derive tho rights to do in 18S6 that which they had refrained from doing for more thanninty years! Upon what grounds did her Majesty's government defend in the year 1886 a course of conduct in the Behring sea which she tad carefully avoided ever since the discovery of that seal By what reasoning did her Majesty's government conclude that an act may be committed with impunity against the rights of the United States which has never been attempted against the same rights when held by the Russian empire I So great has been the Injury to the fisheries from the Irregular and destructive slaughter of eals In the open waters of the Behnng eea by Canadian vessels that whereas the government had allowed one hundred thousand to be taken annually for a series of years, It is now compelled to reduce the number to sixty thousand. If the four years of this violation of natural law and neighbors' rights has reduced the annual slaughter of seal by 40 per cent.. It is easy to see how short a period will be required to work the total destruction of the fisheries. . The ground upon which her Majesty's government Justifies, or at lea? t defends the course of the Canadian vessels, iestsupon the fact that they are committing their acts of destruction on leagues from the shore line, ills doubtful whether her Majesty's fovernment would abide by this rule if the attempt were made to inter.fere with the fisheries of Ceylon, which extend more than twenty miles from the shore and 'have been enjoyed by England without molestation ever since their acquisition. So well recognized is the British ownership" of those fisheries, regardless of the limit of the , three-mile line, that her Majesty's government feels authorized to sell the pearl fisheries' right, from year to year, to the highest bidder. Koris It credible that modes of fishing on the irrand hanks, altogether practicable but highly destructive, would be justified or even permitted by Great Britain on the plea that the vicious acts were committed more than three miles from shore. There are, according "to scientific authority, 'great colonies of fish" on the "Newfoundland, hanks." These colonies resemble the seals or great populations on land. They remain stationary, having a limited range of water in which to live and die. In these great colonies it Is, according to expert Judgment, comparatively easy to explode dynamite or giant powder in such manner as to kill vast quantities of fish, and, at the same time, destroy countless numbers of eggs. Stringent laws nave been necessary to prevent the taking of fish by the uso of dynamite in many of the rivers and lakes of the United States. The same mode of fishing could readily be adopted with efl'ect on tho more shallow part? of the banks, but the destruction of fish in proportion to the catch, says a high authority, might bo as great as ten thousand to one. Would her Majesty's government think that so wicked an act could not be prevented and its perpetrators punished simply because it had been committed outside of the three-milo lmei Why are not the two cases parallel! The Canadian vessels are engaged in tho taking of fur seals In a manner that destroys the power of reproduction and insures the extermination of the species. In exterminating the species an articlo useful to mankind is totally destroyed in order that temporary and immoral gain may be acquired by a tew persons. By the employment of dynamite on the banks it is not probable that tbe total destruction of fish could be accomplished, but a serious diminution of a valuable fodd for man might assuredly result. Does ner Majesty's government seriously maintain that the law of nations is powerless to present such violation of tho common rights of man! Are the supporters of justice in all nations to be declared incompetent to prevent wrongs so odious and so destructive! In the Judgment of this country tbe law of the sea is not lawlessness. JS or can the law or the sea and the liberty which it confers, and whioh it protects, be perverted to Justify acts which are immoral In themselves, which Inevitably tend to results against the interests and against the welfare of mankind. One step beyond that which her Majesty's government has taken In this contention, and piracy finds its jurisdiction. Tho President leH not conceive it possible that ber Majesty's government could In fact bo leas indifferent to these evil results than is the government of tho United btates. bat he hopes that her Majesty government will, after this frank expression of views, nioro readily comprehend the position of the government of tho United states tmicning thU eerioua question. This government has been ready to concede much in order to adjust all difference of view, and has. In the judgment of tho Ire$;dcnt. already proposed a solution not only equitable, but generous. Thus far her Majesty's government has declined to aceept the proposal of tho United fctates. Tho President now awaits, with deep interest, not unmixed with solicitude, any propsition for reasonable adjustment which her Majesty's government may submit. The forcible resistance to which this government is constrained In the Behring sea is. In tho l'resident' Judgment, demanded not only by the necessity of defending the traditional long-established rights of the United tatM. but also the right of pood government and good morals tho world over. In this contention tho government of the United htate ha no occasion, and no desire, to withdraw or modify the josltions which it his at any time maintained against the claims of the l:uierlal eovrrument of ltuaaia. The United btates will not withhold from ony nation tho privileges which it demanded for Itself when Alaska was nart of tho Uuftxian empire. Nor In the government of the UntUsl Mates disponed to exercise in those iossesln:i any less power or authority than it was willing to concede to the Imperial government of Kussia when its sovereignty extended over thern. The President is fsuaded that all friendly nations will concede

to tho United States the same rights and privileces on the lands and in tho waters of Alaska which the same friendly nations always conceded to tho empire of JIussia." Sir .Julian Pauncefote. Feb. 10, addressed Mr. Blaine a letter informing him that his government was willing to adopt the suggestion made in the course of their interviews, that tho tripartite negotiation suspended in London, in 1SS8, be resumed m Washington. Two numbers in the correspondence aro made up of a printed pamphlet containing a laTge mass of evidence given under oath by professional experts and oliicers ot tho United States to demonstrate that the killing of seals in tbe open sea tends certainly and rapidly to the extermination of tho species. This is transmitted by Mr. Maine to tho British minister, with a proffer of further evidence, if it is desired. On April Sir Julian Pauncefote wrote Mr. Blaino in answer to his invitation for a counter-proposal for a settlement that as the solo object of tho negotiations was tho preservation of tho fur seal species, regardless of advantage to any particular nation or private interest, it would be strango if there should bo a failuro to devise the means of solving the dihicnlties which had arisen. In view of tho divergent views held no solution would satisfy public opinion in Canada or Great Britain without a full inquiry by a mixed commission of experts. 'Meanwhile ho was prepared to recommend to his government certain provisional and precautionary measures to remove apprehension of depletion of the fur seal species, pending the report of the commission. Ho then cites Mr. Tantrlo and Mr. Elliott as authorities to show that the vast number of seals was on tho increase, and the Hon. Mr. Tupper, toshow that tho destruction caused by pelagic sealing is insignificant in comparison with that caused by the natural enemies of the seals. He argues further that the destructive nature of the modes of killing seal by spears and lirearms has apparently been greatly exaggerated, as may be seen from a number of atlidavits of practical seal-hunters, which he annexes, and from a paper upon tho subject prepared and published in San Francisco, and designed for the information of Eastern Congressmen. The Canadian government estimate the percentage of seals wounded or killed and not recovered at 0 per cent. The minister says: But in order to quiet all apprehension on that score I would propose the following provisional regulations: 1. That pelade sealing should be prohibited in the Behring sea, tho sea of Okhotsk and, tho adjoining waters during the months of May and June, and during the months of October, November and December, which may be termed tho migration periods" of the fur seal. 2. That all sealing vessels should be prohibited from approaching tho breeding islands within a radius of ten miles. These regulations would put a stop to the two practices complained of as tending to exterminate the species; firstly, tho slaughter of female seals with young during tho migration periods, especially In the narrow passes of tho Aleutian islands; secondly, the destruction of female seals by marauders surreptitiously landing on the breeding lshuids under cover of the dense fogs ' which most continuously prevail in that locality during the summer. This regulation, if accepted by her Majesty's government, would certainly manifest a friendly desire on their part to co-operate with your government, and that of Kussia in the protection of the rookeries and in the prevention of any act in violation of tho tews applicable thereto. I have tho honor to inclose the draft of u preliminary convention, which I have prepared, providing for the appointment of a mixed commission, who aro to report on certain specified questions within two years. The draft embodies the temporary regulations above described, together with other clauses which appear to be necessary to give proper efl'ect to them. Although I believe that it would bo sufficient during the 'migration periods" to prevent all sealing within a specified distance from the passes of the Aleutian islands, I have, out of deference to your views and the wishes of tho Russian minister, adopted the fishery line described in Article 5, and which was suggested by 3'ou at the outset ot our negotiations. The draft, of course, contemplates the conclusion of a further convention after full examination of the report of the mixed commission. It also makes provision for the ultimate settlement by arbitration of any differences which the report of the commission may still fall to adjust, whereby the important element of finality is secured; and in order to give to the proposed arrangement the widest international basis, tho draft provides that the other powers shall be Invited to accede to It. The above proposals are, of course, submitted ad referendum, and it only now remains for mo to commend them to your favorable consideration and to that of the Itussian minister; They have been framed by me in a spirit of justice and conciliation, und with the most earnest desire to terminate the controversy in a manner honorable to all parlies and worthy of tho three great nations concerned. Tho Marquis of Salisbury, under date of May 22 la6t, in a letter to the British min

ister, after saying that tho negotiations be- ' a m l . j a. rt i xween aie. uiaine ana me minister auora strong reason to hopo that the question is in a fair way towards a satisfactory adjustment.uuuertakes to reply to Mr. Blaine's arguments. Kelative to the statement that the seizures were justified by the fact that they were engaged in a pursuit that is in itself contra mores; a pursuit which of necessity involves a serious and permanent injury to the right of tho government and people of the United States, the Marquis says: "It is obvious that two questions are involved, first whether the pursuit and killing of fur seals in certain parts of tho open sea is, from the point of view of international morality, an offense contra bonos mpres, and, secondly, whether, if such be the case, this fact justifies tho seizure on the high seas, and subsequent confiscation in time of peace, of the private vessels of a friendly nation." He says, further: It Is an axiom of international maritime law that such action is only admissible in the case of piracy or In pursuance of special international agreement. This principle has been universally admitted by juries and was very distinctly laid down by President Tyler in his special message to Congress dated 27th of February, 1843, when, after acknowledging the right to detain and search a vessel on suspicion of piracy, he goes on to say: "With this single exoeption no nation has in time ot peace any authority to detain tho ships of another upon the high seas on any protext whatever outside tho territorial jurisdiction." Now the pursuit of the seals in the open sea, under whatever circumstances, has never hitherto been considered as piracy by the civilized state. Nor even If the United States had gone so far as to make the killing of fur seals piracy by their municipal law would this have Justified them In punishing offenses against such law committed by any persons other than their own citizens outside the territorial Jurisdiction of the United Btates, In tho case of the slave trade, a practice which the civilized world has agreed to look upon with abhorrence, the right of arresting the vessels of another country is exercised only by special International agreement, and no one government has been allowed that general control of morals In this respect which Mr. Blaino claims on behalf of tbe United States in regard to seal hunting. But her Majesty's government must question whether this pursuit can itself bo regarded as contra bonos mores unless, and until, for special reasons, it has been agreed b international agreement to forbid it. Fur seals are indisputably auimals ferto uatur.e, and they have universally been regarded by Jurists as res nullus until they are caught; no person, therefore, can have property in them until he has actually reduced tbeui into possession by capture. It requires something more than a mere declaration that the government or citizens of the United States, or even other countries Interested In the seal trade, are losers by a certain course of proceeding, to render that course tii Immoral one. Her Majesty's government would' deeply regret that the pursuit of fur seals on thehigh seas by British vessels should Involve even tho slightest injury to the peorlo of tho United States. If the case be proved they will be ready to consider what measures can bo properly taken for the remedy of euoh injury, but they would be unable, on that ground, to depart from a principle on which free commerce on the high seaa depends. Inspecting Mr. Blaine's statement of the exclusive monopoly enjoyed by ltu.ssia, the Marquis quotes from Mr. Quincy Adams's letter, tho United States minister inllussia, which nation, in 1S21, prohibited all foreign vessels from approaching within 100 miles from tho coast of Bohring straits to the rifty-tirst decree, north latitude, to the effect that tho L cited States could admit no part of these claims. He also cites the case of the United States brig Lariot to &hov that the right of tishing thus asserted included tho Tight of killing fur-bearing animals. The brig was forced by an armed Kuasian naval vessel to leave the waters. lie also argues from the speech of Mr. Sumner, when introducing the question of the purchase of Alaska to Congress, it is equally cleAr that tho United States government did not regard itself as purchasing a monopoly. Having dealt with fur-bearing animals, he went on to treat of fisheries, and after alluding to the presence of dillerent species of whales in tho vicinity of tho Aleutians, said: "No sea is now maro clausum; all of these may bo pursued by a ship under any Hag. except directly on the coast or within its territorial limit.'' The Marquis also says that Mr. Blaine must have been misinformed respecting the uninterrupted possession of - the United States from to 1SS. and submits extracts from reports of United States oilicers to show that during that time Britisli vessels were engaged at intervals in tho fur teal fisheries with the cognizance of the United States government. Ho further states that tho whalers have not heretofore engaged iii sealing because of lack of tune, and nays he linds it unnecessary to deal with tho Question of extinction of tho seal

through pelagic sealing, as it is proposed to examino the subject by a committee appointed by tho two governments. He states that if all such scaling was stopped tho seal would multiply at an even more extraordinary rate than at present, but cannot ad-' mit that this is sufficient ground to justify the United States in forcibly depriving other nations of any share in this industry in waters which, by the recognized law of nations, are now free to all the world. . Says tho Marquis in conclusion: The negotiations now being carried on at Washington prove the readiness of her Majesty's government to consider whether any special international agreement is necessary for the protection of the fur-seal Industry. In its absence they are unable to admit that the case put forward on behalf of the United States affords any sufficient justification for the forcible "action already taken by them against peaeoalHe subjects of her Majesty encaged in lawful operations on the high seas. The President," says Mr. Blaine, "is persuaded that all friendly nations will concede to the United btates the same rights and privileges on the lands and in the waters of Alaska which the same friendly nations conceded to the empire of Kussia." Her Majesty's government have no difficulty in making such a concession. In strict accord with the views with which, previous to the present controversy, were consistently and successfully maintained by the United States, they have, whenever occasion arose, opiK)sed all claims to exclusive privileges in the non-territorial waters of liehring sea. The rights they have demanded have been those of free navigation and fishing in waters which, previous to their own acquisition of Alaska, tho United States declared to be free and open to all foreign vessels. That is the extent of their present contention, and they trust that. In consideration of tbe arguments now presented to them, the United States will recognize its justice and moderation. Tha next letter in the series is very brief. It is from the British minister to Mr. Blaine, under date of May 23, and in it tho minister says that, as the Secretary has confirmed the newspaper statements, that revenue cutters have been ordered to Behring sea to seize foreign sealers, he is instructed to say that a formal protest against such interference witn British vessel will be forwarded without delay. Secretary Blaine's response, three days later, is even more brief, being a simple acknowledgement of tbe receipt of the letter. Later, however, on the 20th, he wrote Sir Julian that, in turn, he is instructed by the President to protest against the course of the British government in authorizing, encouraging and protecting vessels which are not only interfering with American rights in the Behring sea, but which are doing violence as well to the rights of the civilized world. Tho Presideht,he says is surprised that such protests should be authorized by Lord Salisbury, especially because tho previous declarations of his Lordship would seem to render it impossible. Tho Secretary then rapidly sketches the history of the negotiations under the previous administration, and says; - 1 You will observe that from'the 11th of Novenv ber, 1887. to the 23d of April, 188, Lord Saiis bury had, in every form of speech, assented td the necessity of a close season for thl) protection of the seals. These assurances were given to the American minister, to tho American charge, to the Russian embassador, and on more than one occasion to two of them together. The United States bad no reason, therefore, to doubt that the whole dispute touching the seal fisheries was practically settled. Indeed, to have distrusted it would havo been to question the good faith of Lord Salisbury. In diplomatic intercourse between Great Britain and the United States, be it said to the honor of both governments, a verbal assurance from a minister has always been equal to his written pledge. - Continuing, Secretary Blaine says that five days after that assurance Lord Salisbury said that neither an act of Parliament nor au order in council could be drafted until Canada was heard from. Mr. Phelps, in his dispatch of Sept. 12, reported that 'his Lordship stated that, the Cauadian government objected to an- such restrictions, and that until its consent could be obtained her Majesty's government was no$ willing to enter into the convention. Says the Secretary;: . aThis government cannot but feel that'Xord Salisbury would have dealt more frankly If, in the beginning, ho had inform Al Minister Phelps that no arrangement couhl be made unless Canada concurred in it, and that all negotiation with the Iiritlsh government direct was but a los3 of time. The British government would assuredly and rightfully complain if an agreement between her representative and the representative of the United States should, without notice, be broken off by the United States on the ground that the State of California was not willing that it should be completed. In conclusion he proposes, on behalf of the President, that her Majesty's government agree not to permit tho vessels, which, in his judgment, do injury Jta; the property of the United Statos, to enter the Behring sea for this season, in order that time may bo secured for negotiation that shall not bo disturbed by untoward events or unduly influenced by popular agitation. On Juno 2 tho Secretary writes Sir Julian that the President believes that an arbitration cannot be concluded in time for this season, and suggests that Lord Salisbury make, for a single season, the regulation which, in 18S8, he offered to make permanent, as a step which would certainly lead to a f riendly agreement. To this the minister replies, June 3 that further examination of the questiou which has taken placo has satisfied his Lordship that 6uch an extremo measure as that proposed in 1888 goes far beyond tho requirements' of the case. Ho adds that while willing to adopt preservative measures, there would be no legal power to enforce the observance of such an agreement on British vessels. Secretary Blaine, replying, June 4, says that the most "extreme measures' proposed came from Lord Salisbury himself, and he abruptly closed tho negotiations because, in his own phrase, "tho Canadian govern-, ment objected." The Secretary next reminds the minister that he Secretary Blaine had himself proposed a shorter close season and moro restricted area of protection. lie closes this letter as follows: "The President does not conceal his disappointment that even for the sake of securing an impartial arbitration of the question at issue her Majesty's government is not willing to susj))nd for a single season the practice which Lord Salisbury described in 1888 as 'the wanton destruction of a valuable industry,7 and which this government has uniformly regarded as an unprovoked invasion of its established rights." On June 9 Sir Julian presents a copy of a telegram from Lord Salisbury, in which ho regrets that the President should think him wanting in conciliation, but . that it is bej'ond the power of his government to exclude British or Canadian ships from any portion of the high seas, even for an hour, without legislative enactment. In reply, June 11, Secretary Blaine says this government would be satisfied if Lord Salisbury would by proclamation simply request British vessels to abstain from entering Behring sea for the present season, in order to give full time for impartial negotiation. Sir Julian, June 11, writes Mr. Blaine that ho has informed Lord Salisbury that Secretary Blaine could not give an assuranco that British sealing vessels would not be interfered with during the negotiations, and expresses the bono that the decision is not linal, and that while there is yet time the commanders of the United States revenue cruisers will bo instructed to abstain. June 14, however, the minister, with regret, failing to secure a favcrablo repl3 presents tbe formal protest of the British government. It reads as follows: Her Britannio Majesty's government have learned, with great concern, from notices which have appeared in the press, and the general accuracy of which has been confirmed by Mr. Blaine's statements to the undersigned, that the government of the United States have issued instructions to their revenue cruisers about to be dispatched to Behring sea, under which the vessels of the British subjects will n train be exposed in the prosecution of their legitimate industry on the high seas to unlawful interference at the hands of American officers. Her Britnunie Majesty's roveriiuieiit aro anxious to eoopcrato to the fullest extent of their power with the government of the United States in such measures as may be found to bo expedient for the protection of tho senl fisheries. They are at the present moment engaged in examining, in concert with the government of tho United States, the iest method of arriving at an ajrreenicnt upon this point. But they cannot admit the right of the United States, of their om sole motion, to restrict for this purpose the freedom of navigation of the Behring setf, 'Which the United States have themselves, in former years, convincingly and successfully vindicated, nor to enforce their municipal legislation against British vessels on the high seas beyond the limits of their territorial Jurisdiction. Her Britannic Majesty's government is therefore unable to pass over without notice the publio announcement of an intention on the part of the government of the United ftates to renew the acts of interference with British vessels navigating outside the territorial waters of the United states, of which they had previously had to complain. Tho undersigned i in consequence instructed formally to protest against such interference, and to declare that ber Uritaunic Majesty's government must hold the government of the United States responsible for tho consequences that may ensue from acts which aro contrary to tho established principles of international law. The undersigned ban the honor to renew to Mr. Maine tho assurances of his highest consideration. Julian rt:xcxroTC June 14, 1890. Tho minister next, June 27, replies to Secretary Blaine's proposition looking to a

proclamation by her Majesty's government that British vessels shall not enter Behring sea the coming season. The minister writes that Lord Salisbury says that tho President's request presents constitutional difficulties which would preclude her Majesty's government from acceding to itexceptas part of a general scheme for the settlement of the Behring 6ea controversy, and on certain conditions, which would justify the assumption by her Majesty's government of the grave responsibility involved in tho proposal. These conditions are: First That the two governments agree forthwith to refer to arbitration the question of the legality of the action of the United btates government in seizing or otherwise interfering with British vessels engaged in the Behring sea, outside of territorial waters, during tho years of 1886, 1887 and 1889. Second That pending the award, all interference with British 6eahng vessels shall absolutely cease. Third That the United States government, if the award should be adverse to them on the question of legal right, will compensate British subjects for the losses which they may sustain by reason of their compliance with the British proclamation. Such, says the minister, are the three conditions on which it is indispensable, in view of her Majesty's government, that the issue of tho proposed proclamation should be based. In the next commnnication, dated the 1st of the present month. Lord Salisbury, referring to Mr. Blaine's criticism upon the abrupt close of the London negotiations, quotes from a statement made to him by United States Minister Phelps, as follows: "Under tho peculiar political circumstances of America at this moment,' said Mr. Phelps, with a general election pending, it would be of little use, and, indeed, hardly practicable to conduct any negotiation to its issue before the election had taken place.'" On the last of June Secretary Blaine addressed to the British minister a very long letter in answer to Lord Salisbury's com-, raunication, in which the latter stated that Secretary John Quincy Adams had protested against Russia's claim to exclusive jurisdiction over Behring sea. The Secretary says: The quotation which Lord Salisbury makes is unfortunately a most defective, erroneous and misleading one. The conclusion is separated from the premises, a comma is turned tnto a period, an Important qualification as to time is entirely erased without even a suggestion that it had ever formed part of the text, and out of eighty-four words, logically and inseparably connected, thirty-tive are dropped from Mr. Adams's paragraph lu Lord Salisbury's quotation. No edition of Mr. Adams's works gives authority for his Lordship's quotations, while the archives of

. this department plainly disclose many errors. l quote iora Salisbury's version or what Mr. Adams said, and in Juxtaposition produce Mr. Adams's full text as he wrote it: Lord Salisbury's quotation from Jlr. Adams. ' The United States can .admit no part of these Full text of Mr. Adams" parttgraph. The United States can admit no part of these claims; their rights of claims. Their right of navigation and fishing navigation and of llshis perfect, ana has been ing is perfect, and has in constant exerciscibcen in constant exerfrom the earliest times cise from the earliest throughout tho whole extent of the southern oceans, subject only to the ordinary exceptions and exclusions of the territorial jurisdictions. times, after tho peace of 1783, throughout the whole extent of the Southern ocean, subject only to the ordinary exceptions and exclusions of the territorial jurisdictions, tchuttsofaras Jcussian rights are eonctrncd, are confined to certain islands north of the fifty-fifth degree of latitude, and hate no existence on the continent of America. The words in italics are those which are left out of Mr. Adams's paragraph in the dispatch of Lord Salisbury. They are precisely the words upon which the government of the United States founds its argument In this case. Conclusions or inference resting' upon the paragraph with the material parts of Mr. Adams's text omitted, are, of course, valueless. The Secretary then proceeds to argue that Mr. Adams's meaning was not, and, indeed, could not be, what Lord Salisbury assumed. Respecting the arrest of the United States brig Loriet, by a Russian naval vessel, Secretary Blaine says that she was not arrested in the Behring sea, but more than sixty miles south of Sitka, on the northwest coast, to which the treaty of 1824 referred. "With all due respect to Lord Salisbury's judgment," says Sir. Blaine, "tho case of the Loriet sustains the entire correctness of tbe position of the Unitod States in this contention." TheiSecretary further says: Neither by the treaty with Russia of 1825, nor by its renewal in 1843, nor by its second renewal in 1851), did Great Britain gain any right to taxo seals in ileh ring sea. In fact, those treaties were a prohibition upon her which she steadily respected so long as Alaska was a Russian province. It is for Great Britain now to show by what law she gained rights in that sea after the transfer of its sovereignty to tho United States. During all the time elapsed between tho treaty of 18J8 and the cession of Alaska to the United 8tatcs in 1867, Great Britain never atlirmed the right, of her subjects to capture fur seal In the Behring sea, and as a matter of fact her subjects did not, during that long period, attempt to catch seals in the Behring sea. I am Justified, therefore, in repeating the questions which I addressed to her Majesty's government on the 22d of last January, and which still remain unanswered, viz.: Whence did the ships of Canada derive the right to do in 1866 that which they had refrained from doing for nearly ninety years! Upon what ground did her Majesty's government defend in the year 1886 a course of conduct in tho Behring sea which had been carefully avoided ever since the discovery of that sea? By what reasoning did her Majesty's government conclude that an act may be committed with Impunity against the rights of the United States which had never been attempted against the same rights when held by the Russian empire! The thirtieth and last letter of the mass of correspondence, which would, if printed entire, iillover twenty newspaper columns, was addressed by Mr. Blaine to Sir Julian Pauncefote, from Bar Harbor, last Saturday. In it the Secretary says: I am instructed by the President to say that the United States is willing to consider all the proceedings of AprU 16, 188, as cancelled, 60 far as American rights may be concerned. This government will ask Great Britain to adhere only to the agreement made between Lord Salisbury and Mr. Phelps on the 23th of February, 1888. That was an agreement made directly between the two governments, and did not include the rights of Russia. Asking Lord Salisbury to adhere to the agreement of Feb. 25, we leave the agreement of April 16 to be maintained, If maintained at all, by Russia, for whose cause and for whose advantage it was particularly designed. Mr. Blaine also refers to Lord Salisbury's statement that political events in the United States had. caused an interruption of negotiations, and not a Canadian objection, and closes tho voluminous correspondence as follows: I am Justified in assuming that Lord Salisbury cannot recur to the remark of Mr. Phelps as one of the reasons for breaking off the negotiations, because the negotiation was in actual progress for more than four months after the remark was made, and Mr. Phelps himself took a large part In It. Upon this recital of facts I am unable to recall or in any way to qualify the statement which I made In my note of June 4 to the etfeet that Lord . Salisbury abruptly closed the negotiations because the Canadian government objected, and that he assigned no other reason whatever. Lord Salisbury expresses the belief that even If the view I have taken of these transactions bo accurate, they would not bear out the argument which I found upon them. The argument to which Lord Salisbury refers is, I presume, the remonstrance which I made, by direction of the President, against the change of policy by her Majesty's government without notice and against the wish of the United States. The Interposition of the wishes of a British province against the conclusion of a convention between the two nations, which, according to Mr. Phelps, Mhad been virtually agreed upon except as to details," was. in the President's belief, a grave injustice to the government of the United States." The Murder of Annie Goodwin. New York, July 23. Cornelius Merritt, the undertaker who buried the body of Annie Goodwin, the pretty cigarette girl, was brought to the Harlem Police Court this morning, and held in $1,000 bail to appear as a witness against Mctionigal and Harris. William Davidson. Dr. McGonigaFs driver, who drove the body of the girl from the lying-in asylum to Merntt'i undertaking shop, was also arraigned in the Harlem court and held in $2,500 bail as an accessory after the fact. The detectives in the caso left the Harlem Police Court this morning for the coroner's office, where they will make arrangements with the coroner to have the body of tho murdered girl exhumed. The prave in St. Michael's Cemetery was opened later and the body of Annie Goodwin, with nothing about her save the quilt the doctor wrapped her in to ride, while dead, in the undertaker's wagon, was idcntilied. Her lover was there, stolid and smoking cigarettes. An autopsy was held. Death had resulted from peritonitis, following laceration by xnel-practice. Extra Vacation for Veterans. Boston, July 20. The executive commit tee of tbe National Encampment. G. A. It., to-day forwarded a letter to President Harrison asking that veterans in public service be granted leave of absence from Aug. 11 to Aug. 17, during the encampment, in addition to their usual vacations.

Highest ofall in Leavening Fower.U. S. Gov't Report, Aug. 17, 2889,

FAST TROTTING AND PACING G. B., Almont, Saisum and Maggie R. Make Good Time at Detroit Park.' Race for the $10,000 Purse Unfinished Two Pretty Contests at Pittsburg: Twin City Derby Won by Prince Fonso Ball Games. TURF EVENTS. Fast Time and Good Trotting and Racing: Contests at Detroit Driving Fark. Detroit, Mich., July 23. This was tho second day of the summer meeting of the Detroit Driving Club. The weather was fair and warm, and the track fairly fast. The event of the day, the Merchants' and Manufacturers' guaranteed stake, was unfinished. The four heats trotted were hotly contested by the large field of horses. The attendance was 10,000. Summaries: Unfinished yesterday; 2:26 class; trotting; special purse of $500. O.B - 1 Imck Morjran 2 Harry Medium 7 Wareland 4 John Dickson 1 5 12 1 3 12 2 3 3 5 4 4 4 5 5 Time 2:20i4, 2:20k, 2:204, 2:21. First race of to-day's programme trotting; best two in three; 2:20 class; purse of $2,000. Almont .........1 1 Black Diamond 2 2 Trolean 3 3 Time 2:17 a, 2:20 . Second Race 2:24 class; Merchants' and Manufacturers' guaranteed stake; purse of $10,000 (unfinished.) Buison 3 2 Walter E 7 1 Tlay Boy .1 11 Giliett : 2 3 1 O Art 4 5 3 7 8 1 7 4 3 o 6 5 10 8 Almont Wilkes 6 Prince Warwick. : 5 Nutmeg 4 Stick Fast 11 8 4 6 7 8ii?liKlit 9 910 Carrie Walton 10 10 9 Pocahontas Prince 8 5dis 9 Time 2:18 4V 2:18s. 2:18; 2:22. Third liaco 2:17 class; pacing; purse of 2,000. Maggie R .... 1 211 Emma 2 13 2 Finely 3 3 2 3 Charlie P Dis Time-2:1GJ2, 2:17; 2:18k: 2:17. Fast Pacing at Pittsburg. Pittsburg, July 23. The attendance at to-day's races at Homewood Driving Park was fully as large as yesterday, notwithstanding tho threatening weather. The track was in first-class condition at the start, but it began to rain about 3 o'clock, which continued during the rest of the day, and finally caused the postponement of tbe finish of the 2:27 trot until to-morrow. Summaries: Friee for all; pacing; purso of Si, 000: Hal Pointer 5 111 Ciossip, jr 1 2. 4 4 Monkey Kolla. , : 3 55 ? Arpylo 3 4 2 5 Jewett 4 3 3 3 Time 2:194, 2:184. 2:22 2:214. Thet2:27 trotting class; purse of $1,000 (uu finished.) Jveokee 5 5 11 Mikajiau 1 G G G VasPasian 2 12 2 Buckshin Dick. G 3 3 3 Honest George ."..3 4 4 5 Present. 4 2 5 4 Time 2:25i4, 2:24 2:25 4, 2:29. Twin City Derby Won by Prince Fonso. St. Paul, July 2a Something over 15,000 people, to-day, bsw what was probably the finest Derby race of the season. It was the fourth event on the card, the distance being ono mile and a quarter, and the purso worth $4,260 to tho winner. Prince Fonso won in a magnificent finish; Joe Blackburn was second, Verge d'Or third, and Davidsou. Robespierre and Ko'seniont close up. Time First quarter. "T; half. :50; threequarters, 1:171; mile, 1:45; mile and a quarter, 2:0934. Sunol and Dell Hamlin Not Likely to Trot. New York, July 23. C. J. Hamlin, owner of Belle Hamlin, has declined the challenge to trot her against Sunol for $10,000 a side, but offers to make the match for $5,000. It is not likely that the proposition will be accepted. LEAGUE GAMES NEXT WEEK. The Players That Brooklyn and Cleveland Will Drlng with Them. It is expected that the League games here next week will attract many people from the surrounding towns who have not had a chance thus far this year of seeing highclass base-ball. The Brooklyns have never, been seen here, and there is much curiosity to witness the opening games. President Byrne paid for the releases of Caruthcrs, tfushong and Foutz nearly as much as Boston paid for Ciarkson and Kelly, and tboy wero worth it, for they aided materially in capturing the Association pennant for Brooklyn last season. Caruthcrs and Bushong will probably be the latter's battery next Monday afternoon. Foutz plays first now regularly, since Orr has joined the Brotherhood. Hub Collins, whose release was purchased from Louisville two years ago, is at second. George Smith and rinkney have been playing short and third for Brooklyn for live years past, and are both famous in their positions. When ho ..is not in tho box now Terry is generally found in left field, because of his heavy hitting qualities, something unusual in so excellent a pitcher. The position, however, is regularly filled by Darby O'Brien, Brooklyn's captain, who is at Present crippled and unable, to play. John :orknill. formerly of thCincinnati team, is Brooklyn's center-firier and Burns cov0 aM iJUAt Beatin and Zimmer, Tvho will probably be Cleveland's battery for the opening game,'- are both well known to the base-ball public of Indianapolis. Virtue, late of tbe Detroit International League team, has recently replaced Veach, of this city, at first base, irtuo is the tlayertfc.o Indianapolit management tried hard to secure last winter. He is said to bo another Bcckley in hitting and fielding. Lyons, who is playing second, is a mau recently socuredtroin tbe disbanded Daytons, of the Tri-State League, to take JoeArdner'a place, and is said to be a good nne Kd AlrKean. tho old short-ston. is too reil"ktfSwn here to need further mention. His ability all around is unquestioned. Smaller, the third baseman, is a Californian who has'been making a fine record for himself with Cleveland this year. Bob Gilks, who is playing left, with an occasional turn in the box, i also well known here. Davis and Dawes, the other outfielders, are new faces for Indianapolis, and are clever players in every way. George Strict will probably umpire tho games. They will all bo called at 4 o'clock, so as to give business men a chance to get to the grounds in time for the opening inning. The electrio cars will enable them to do this without trouble. Indianapolis Journal. 8; McCordiTllle, L Special to the Indianapolis Journal. McCordsvillk, Iud., July 23. A largo crowd witnessed a close and well-played game of ball here, to-day, between the Indianapolis Journal and McCordsvillo clubs. The features tere the pitching of Ungues, who struck oat fourteen men, and tho

mmg

KAI LWAYI2VlTAllIa. 7 From InJItnapclli Union Station. Pennsylvania Lines. East Wen- Souin North. lixtins run by Central Stamlard lime. Leave for rittsbuTjr. Baltimore (d 5:15 am, Washington, Philadelphia and How d 3:00 p m, York. (d 3:30 pro, Arrive from the East, d 11:10 am., d 12:30 pm. and d 10:00 pm. Leave for Ooluinbus, 9:00 am.; arrive front Columbus, 3:15 pm.; leave for Richmond, 4:00 pro.; arrive from lUohinond, 9:30 am. Leave for Chicago, d ll:i5 am., d 11:30 pm.j arrive from Chicane, d 3:30 pm.; d 3:40 am. Leave for Louisville d 3:33 am.. ft:15 am., d 3:33 pm. Arrive from Louisville, d 11:00 am,, 6:l5 pm., d 10:30 pin. Leave for Columbus, 6:30 pm. Arrive from, Columbus, 10:05 sin. Leave for Vlncennes and Oalro, 7:20 am.. 3:30 pin.; arrive from Vlnoennes and Cairo; 11:10 am., 3:10 pm, d. dally; other trains except Sunday. "ffANDALIA LINE SHORTEST ROUTE TO ST. LOUIS AND TUB WEST. Trains arrive and leave Indianapolis as follow; Leave for St. Louis, 7:30 am, 1 1:50 am, h m p m, 11:00 pin. Oreencastle and Terre Haute AcromMstlon, 4:00 pm. Arrive from St. Louis, 3:45 am. 4:15 am, 2:50 pm, 5:20 pm, 7:45 pm. Terre Haute and Oreencastle Acoom'dation. 1 0.00 am. Sleeping ami Parlor Cars are run on through trains. For rates and Information apply to ticket acenu of the company, or H. li. DEKLN'tf. Assistant General Passenger Agent THE VESTIBULED PULLMAN CAR LINE, IXAVE LVDIANAPOLIS. No. 38 Monon Acq, ex, Sunday. 6:15 pa Ko. 32-Chtcago Ltnu Pullman Vestibulsd coach ea, parlor and dining car, daily 11:20 am Arrive in Chicago 5:10 pm. JZo. 34 Chicago Night tlx., Pullman Vestiboled coaches and sleepers, dally 12:40 am Arrive hi Chicago 7:35 am. ARRIVE AT INDIANAPOLIS. JCo. 31 Vestibule, laily... 3:00 pm No. 33 Vestibule, dally 3:45 am No. 3l Monon Acc., ex. Sunday 10:40 am No. 43 Local freight leaves Alabama-st. jard at 7.0: am. Pullman Vestibuled Sleepers for Chicago stand at west end of Union Station, and can be taken at b:3(J p. m., daily. Ticket utticea No. 26 South Illinois street and at Union Station. IT t lonal lube-Works Wrosgut-Iroa Pipe ros Gas;Steam & Water Holler Tubes, Cast and Malleable Iron Fitting (Mack and Kftlranlzea), Valves, Stop Cocks, Engine Trimmings, Steam Gaugou, nrc toiir, ripe cutters. Vises, Serew llates anl 3ies, Wrenches, Steam Traps, Pumps, Kitchen finks. ITose, Ileltlng. Babbitt Metal, 8older. White und Colored Wiping Waste. and all other supplies used In connection with Gas. Steam and Water. Natural Gas Supplies a specialty, ftemri-hcatintr Apparatus . for Public Iinll d In ps, d torerooms, Mills. Bliops. Factories, Laundries, Lumber Dry-houeeti, etc. Cut and Thread to oraor any size Wroujrht-lron Pipe from Inch to 12 Inches dlaruetec. o . KNIGHT te JILLdON, 7 A 77 S. Pennsylvania playing of Goblo and O'Brien. Following is tho score:

mi

fiat

II I?

JOURNAL. It H O A I E M'CORDSV'EjR II O A E Hall, m..,. 2 2 0 0 o Kimb'rrn.r l o o 0 0 Goble. ss... 2 2 14 l Vail, m 1 0 0 0 1 Sh'nleton.2 1 o 1 1 0 Dye. p 1 0 1 1 0 O'Brien, c. 0 1U l 1 McCord,c. 2 16 0 0 Ilereth, 1... l l o o O tellers, rs.. 12 0 5 1 Koss. 1 0 0 8 o o Caldwell. 1. 0 0 1 0 0 Hughes, p.. 1 0 2 3 0 Apple, 2... 0 12 3 0 Houdder, 3. 1 1 l 0 o Collins. 1.. 0.ii2 o I Kbert, r 0 o 0 o 0 liolander,3 0 0 2 3 1 Totals.... "8 7 27 9 2 Totals.... 6 5 24 12.4

Score by innings: Journal...: 2 McCordsville I 0 0 1 0 0 5 0 8 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 O (5 lvansrille Shut Out by Peoria. Special to the Indianapolis Journal. Evaxsvillk, July 23. The game to-day-was sharp and exciting at times, but Evnnsvillo, besides making some had errors, could not hit aafely -when it vras needed, and Peoria was just the opposite, ricore: Evansville 0 O O 0 O O o O 00 Peoria. 0 1 100300 -5 Hits Kvausvllle, C: Peoria, 7. Errors Evansville, 5. Batteries Dolan and Trost: Sullivan and Johnson. Exhibition Game. Special to the Indianapolis Journal. Fort Wayne, July 23. Fort Wayne and Logansport played an exhibition game hero to-day. Gallagher's homo-run was tho only feature of the play. The 6core: Fort Wayne 0 O 1 0 3 1 (5 0 112 Logansport .2 5200000 09 Hits Fort Wayne, 15; Lopanport, 7. ErrorsFort Wayne, 9; Loanpiort.3. Batteries Bruton, Dunning, Ferris and Whalcn: fclagle, Brodcrlck and Muhger. Umpire Burnett. National Leagne. At Philadelphia Philadelphia, 17; Pittsburg, . At Cleveland Cleveland. 0; Boston. 2. At Chicago Chicago. 13; Sew York, 12. At Cincinnati The Brooklyn game was postponed on account of wet grounds. Brotherhood Clubs'. At Buffalo Buffalo, f; New York, 7. At Cleveland Cleveland. 14; Brooklyn, C At Chicago Chicago, ."; Boston, 22. At Pittsburg ThePhiladelphia gamo was prevented by rain. American Association. At Xew York Brooklyn, 8; St. Louis. 4. At Philadelphia Athletics. !; Louis ville,6. y At Syracuse JSvracuse, 8; Columbus, 13. At Rochester Rochester, b; Toledo, 3. 'League and Brotherhood Attendance. The following tablo shows the attendance yesterday at tho six games of tho two national leagues: League. Jirotherhoott. Philadelphia 1,005 Cleveland 175 Chicago 1,527 Chlcaco ..2,312 350 .. 537 Cleveland... Buffalo Total 3.C51 Total.. .3,190 Meeting of Catholic Archbishops. Boston, July 23. The archbishops of the United States assembled for their annual meeting to-day in St. John's Seminary, at Brighton. Among the prelates present are the following; Archbishops Ityun, of Philadelphia; Kentick. of St. Louis; Feelian, of Chieago; Elder, of Cincinnati; Ireland, of St. Paul; .launsens, of New Orleans; (Jros of Oregon: Kiordau. of San Francisco; Williams, of tho New England See, and Cardinal Gibbons. Tho latter will prcsido over tho deliberations. Milwaukee will not be represented, as the successor of Archbishop lleiss, who died a short while ago. has not yet been chosen. A meeting of the senate of the Catholic University of Washington takes place this week, probably to-morrow, at St. John's Seminary. The meetings will bo strictly private. ' Costly Fire tit Spokane Falls. Spokane Falls Wash.. July 23. Early this morning lire destroyed property valued at nearly a quarter of a million dollars. Monroe-street bridge, a new structure, costing $10,000. was consumed. An estimate of the total Iom places it at $lN.(XiO; insurance. $6),UX). It is generally supposed that tho tiro was of incendiary origin, ns two Pinal 1 tires occurred at n later hour in different portions of tho city.