Indianapolis Journal, Indianapolis, Marion County, 6 April 1886 — Page 2

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■behalf of law. He is spotted by the strikers, and hia friends say they will murder him if he remains on duty. Courtright has a wife and four children. ALONG THE LINES. One Hundred of the Strikers Re-Employed —Trains Moving Without Interftvnce, Parsons, Kan., April s.—There > been no material change in the striking situa in to-day. Early this morning the Irons circuit •’till urging the men to keep up the strike, v framed and hung in conspicuous places, and .he strikers in consequence announced that they will not allow any of the Knights of Labor to resume work. It is said, however, that about one hundred of the men have been re-employed, an the master mechanic announced that he has all the men engaged that he wants. Seven Knights were arrested to-day and held for trial. The citizens are organizing a law and order league for the protection of property. Militiamen are doing faithful work in moving trains, and it is proposed to have a portion of them return to their homes in a day or two. - All Quiet at Kansas City. Kansas City, April 5. —A1l is quiet In the Missouri Pacific yards. It is reported that a cumber of strikers returned to work in the Cypress yards, ip West Kansas City, but it was not ascertained how many, or whether they were Knights of Labor. Later reports from Cypress yards say that the number of striking Knights who returned to work to-day, if any, is very small--possibly one or two. The company's pay car reached here this afternoon, and most of the strikers were paid off and discharged. Overt Acts Threatened. Sedalia, April s.— The strikers revived a little to-day. When they received the proclama tion of the executive committee they raised a flag over their headquarters and were quite jubilant. There has been no interference with trains to day, but the strikers are threatening overt acts. A special from Hannibal says that all the yardmen went out again this morning, and no trains were sent out to-day from that point. FOREMAN HALL. The Story of Hts Discharge Again Retold, and the Strike Justified. New York, April 5.—A Dallas, Texas, special to the Sun says: Among the men in humble circumstances who have been thrust into sudden notoriety by the strike on the Gould Southwestern system is Charles A. Hall, the former foreman of the passenger car-repair shops of the 'Texas & Pacific Railroad at Marshall. It was he whose discharge from the service of the Texas Pacific railroad precipitated the present labor revolt on the Southwestern railroads. A year &o, Mr. Hall was active in the first great strike on the Gould Southwestern system, when the men won an increase of wages, and better terms generally in their relations with the railroad. These benefits were secured through the Knights of Labor. Hall at that time was quite conspicuous in the local management of the strike at Marshall, although he was only an ordinary , workman in the passenger car-repair shop. A few months after the settlement of that strike, he was promoted to the foremanship of the shop. He was discharged on February i4. “I have every reason to believe,” said Mr. Hall a few days ago, ‘‘that I was promoted to the foremanship because at that time I was the most competent person at hand to take charge of the chop. I was constantly impressed, however, With the fact that the railread had a grudge Against me on account of my activity in the ■trike, and early this year felt sure that the officials were only waiting a pretext to discharge me. and put ia my place someone who fras not a Knight of Labor. Mr. Wheelock, tbrrtJfficfals under the receivers, indicated ps much a day or two ago, when, in speaking of my C,se, he said: ‘The case of Hal) was a particurly aggravated one. He made himself obnoxious in the trouble of a year ago, and we only jfcook him back for the sake of peace. Hoping to encourage him and secure his good will for the company, we promoted him to be foreman of the car-repair shop. But he proved more troublegome than ever, and besides he was incompe-. tent.' This shows that there was a grudge against me, and that the company was watching me, and only waited for some pretext to turn me adrift When, therefore, I attended the Knights of Labor meeting of my assembly, Mr. Grosbie, the general shop foreman, who is a bitter opponent of the order, was the instrument they Jised to bring on this entire trouble by disehargng me on the allegation that I was absent three flays without leave, although I can prove by food men that 1 had Crosbie’s permission to be one one, two, or three days, as circumstances would require. I told Mr. Crosoie further that If there was any objection to my being absent I would not go, and he said, ‘That’s all right.' It was a direct answer to my question, aDd was the pnly kind of permission anybody received for leave of absence —verbal consent. No one received written permission; and as my absence •as only to attend a meeting in my own town, irbal permission was all that I emed necessary. I bad been off a • -zen times, and that was the only form of rmission I had ever received. After my disairge the Knights did all they could to have me • instated, but without avaiL The higher of.cials were appealed to, and they would do nothing. They refused to recognize the Knights of Labor as an organization that had a light to try to secure the just treatment of its members. After the Knights bad exhausted all possible efforts at arbitration tbe strike came. No one regrets it more than I do, because of tbe loss and , trouble the men who are out have sustained and the inconvenienoe the business public have experienced. But the strike was right, and founded on justice and on the broadest of principles. After Grosbie had positively refused any concessions whatever in the premises he and I met, and, referring to the matter, he remarked, ‘The men in the 6hop are not afraid of you, and I ■want a man over them they will be afraid of,’ to tfhieh I replied. ‘No, thank God, they are not afraid of me, and I hope you will have to hunt a long while before you find a man whom they will fear.’ This was my last talk with Mr. Crosbie.” Mr. Hall has many sympathizers in Texas. Jle is not a pestiferous agitator, and was only a helpless instrument in bringing to a bead the question at issue between the Knights and the railroad companies. The Knights here assert that the discharge of Halt was only an incident in the studied policy of the railroads to crush out all semblance of organization among their employes, but matters had reached such a pass that nothing more than an incident like this was needed to produce an open rupture.

AT NEW YORK., Statement from Mr. Gonld as to the Agreement with the Committee. New York, April s. —Secretary Turner, of the executive committee of the Knights of Labor, having stated yesterday in St Louis that Hr. Hoxie was not acting in conformity with the terms of the agreement entered into at the New York conference, Mr. Gould was to-day interviewed upon the subject, and said: ‘The stenographer's notes of the New York conference show that there was no agreement, direct or implied, that the company ‘would take all men back, with some comparatively few exceptions.’ On the contrary, they|show that not one of the ommittee expected the company to take baek .my men not needed, or any who had had acys hing to do with damage to the property of the ompany, or obstruction to the running of its trains. Mr. Powderly said if the company would *upply him with the names of these law-break-ers they would be expelled from the order. The whole committee was very positive that its orders to resume work would be generally observed, and asserted most positively that those who refused to obey its orders would be put out of the order, and, to use the words of one of tne committee, ♦kept out of it forever.* A message from Mr. Hbxie was read to the committee, in which he said that only a portion of the men formerly employed would be required by the company, on oe#int of a reduction in business, caused by

the strike, and because a large number of men had been employed to take the places o£ strikers, who would not be discharged." The following dispatch was received this afternoon at tbe office of the Missouri Pacific Railroad Company: “St. Loris, April 5. “There is nothing in the rumor from Fort Worth as to strikers tearing up railway tracks. The following has jnst been received from Fort Worth: ‘At this hour (l p. m.) everything is quiet. Two trains have gone south this morning, well guarded, and there was no interference. Someone crippled engine No. 27 last night, at Waco, while the trainmen were eating supper. About 11:30 this morning a box of dynamite was found in an out-house near the Union Depot, where it had been secreted. Governor Ireland is now in the city. All saloons and drinkingplaces have been closed, and a large police force is on duty. Nothing authoritative has been heard from the strikers who were shot last Saturday. TAPPING THE WIRES. An Exuberant Knight Says Gould’s Messages Have Been Stolen. St. Louis Globe-Democrat. J. H. Cooper, a member of the executive board of Knights of Labor. District Assembly No. 101, made a somewhat startling and sensational statement to a Globe Democrat reporter last week with reference to the powerful allies of the order now in the employ of the railroad companies. The statement was entirely voluntary upon the part of Mr. Cooper, and was made in the exuberance exparienced by that gentleman upon receipt of the announcement that Jay Gould had agreed to arbitrate and had recognized the order of Knights of Labor. “Jay Gould is beginning to feel our power,” said Mr. Cooper. “While we have managed to keep him guessing as to our movements and correspondence, he has not sent an important message, in either cipher or otherwise, that wo have not secured at least the substance of. A little difficulty was experienced when the Missouri Pacific resorted to the cipher, but that was overcome, and 1 am certain* very few of his important messages escaped us." “Do you mean to say that the telegraph operators on the Missouri Pacific are in the service of the Knights of Labor as well as the Missouri Pacific Company I ?’’ “This is not intended for publication,” replied Mr. Cooper. The strike is ended, or I would not have said as much as I have. Perhaps I ought not to have said anything, but what I have told you is not for publication. ” “But you have not answered my question?" “Nor will I, directly. But there are some men among them who are as true as steel, and without whose assistance we could not have won this fight And we will not forget them. They will have their day and we will not forget what they have done for us.” “Bat that sort of work is dangerous and dishonorable.” , “Is Jay Gould honorable? Wouldn’t he do ‘.he same?’’ Mr. Cooper continued, after a pause. “We have been misrepresented as to our strength. We have allies on every hand. We have received aid in more ways than one—money from sources no one would think of—and we have kept it to ourselves, but we have been misrepresented in that direction by many. We can get all the money we want. To-day I received a letter from J. R. Buchanan, well known in the West, full of sympathy for our cause, and better still, offering something substautial in the way of financial aid.” The reporter deterrined to investigate that portion of the statement relating to the securing of private and cipher messages of the railroad comnany by emissaries of the Labor in their employ, and the statement GZ~~axC. Cooper was. in a great measure, Verified. “It is true to ti large extent, I regret to say,” remarked an official who is in a position to know. “We have known of a number of ininstances in which even cipher messages have been secured by the Knights, and many operators have been quietly discharged without the cause of dismissal being stated, for that very offense. The old system of cipher dispatches 1 won’t do now-a-davs. They can translate them readily. It has been found necessary to adopt something that even an expert, with the key before him, can not translate rapidly. The railroad companies are not asleep. Ti_ey know pretty nearly what is going on, and can usually locate the guilty parties without great difficulty. Why, offers have been made to tap our wires and refused. Yes, it is true the Knights have secured messages intended for others.”

MR. WHITELY AND THE KNIGHTS. His Reasons for Objecting 1 to the Employment of Knights of Labor Workmen. The Champion City Times gives an outline of the conference between Mr. Whitely, of the Champion Reaper works, Springfield, 0., and the members of the executive board of the Knights of Labor, which took place on Tuesday last: Mr. Frederick Turner them began with the question: “What is the reason for your antipathy to our organization?” Mr. Whitely gave J*oasons, dating back to the time when he first began making the Champion machines, and bringing them down to date. He said: “Our profit is now whittled down to almost nothing. Confining our operations to Springfield: The employes of the Champion Malleable Company first; made a demand for an advance of 10 per cent., and we could not stand it. We then took the step of discharging the men instead of waiting for the day they expected their answer, when we would have had to shut down. I am a mechanic, and learned the machinist trade. 1 came to this town and worked for $3 a week, and have worked with most of these men ever since. I felt that I could work with them and reason with them, and did not want to have them controlled by a committee that knew nothing about our town or business.” Mr. Turner then remarked, after hearing Mr. Whitely for some minutes, that he “thought he would make a very good Knight of Labor. That seems to be queer language for me to use, but I think so because you, as well as the people, misunderstand our purpose.” Mr. Turner continued that had the recent demands for the advance come under the rules of the association, the matters would have been settled all right. “Wherever we control the assemblies we have no trouble, but you must not condemn our order for the mistakes made by a few.” Mr. Whitely was firm in his stand already taken, that he wanted no Knights of Labor in his employ, saying that his was only one out of a number of factories in this city, and the Knights might find work in other factories where they want them. “The only objection I see with the stand you have taken in this matter is the signing of the iron-clad,” remarked Mr. Turner. “We said to the men,” replied Mr. Whitely, “that if you withdraw from the organization and sign the paper you can go to work; and at any time you want to leave you can destroy the paper.” The papers were then read, and all agreed that there was nothing more cor less than a statement that they did not nor would not belong to any organization while in the employ of Whitely. Fassler & Kelly. Mr. Whitely then said to Mr. Bailey: “I will tell you one thing, my dear friend; I have lived here for thirty years, and there were many of us boys who lived and worked together. There were two or three of them who saved their little gains; the others spent their money drinking and carousing. The rich men’s sons who came on to the scene lived riotously, and are now working at daily labor. Peace and prosperity are with those who wank it The men whom we have paid the highest wages have the least to show for it, and the ones who got the least have the roost now. We have lots of men in our employ who are just this way, and those who save it make the most of it, and plenty and prosperity are theirs. We want to live in peace, and here is one institution out of twenty in the city. I live and work with my men, and they are my friends, and I think if the world was not better off for a man’s life, he had better have never been born. “We found that we could run our works without the aid of any organization. There were about 250 Knights of Labor in the East-street shops out of the 1,200 or 1,300 men, and they began to intimidate the many others to join them, saying that, “when we get hold of these shops, you will go.” We don’t want this kind of men in our employ. We receive letters every day, hun-

THE INDIANAPOLIB JOUBNAL TUESDAY, APRIL 6, 1888.

dreds of them, from men who want to go to work, saying that they never have or never will belong to the Knights of Labor.” Mr. Turner then asked if they had imported any foreign labor into Springfield, and he answered no. Mr. Bailey then said, now suppose we can prove that you have? Mr. Whitely said that they could not prove something that there was nothing in; that if they did he would join the Knights of Labor himself, if they would take him in. Mr. Hance then tried to show that the misunderstanding was divided and where they both were wrong. Alllistened closely and still they could not see but they were both right. Mr. Whitely talked to the point, presenting his reasons in a forcible manner. The talk continued for some time and the committee were well pleased with Mr. Whitely and their reception. ______ OTHER LABOR NEWS. Objectionable Features in the Arbitration Bill Passed by the House. Washington Special. Mr. O’Neill said to-day he coaid not tell when the bill would pass the Senate, or when it would come up for action. Senator Blair will take charge of the measure in the Senate, as chairman of the committee on education and labor. Mr. Crain, who is a member of the committee on labor, has already seen both of the Senators from Texas, and they are pledged to tlit support and improvement of the bill. Another feature, which provides for a refusal to furnish certain papers, is characterized as a weak feature. It was inserted by influence of representatives of the Knights of Labor, and was designed to protect the records of that organization. A member, in discussing the point to-day, said this was a nice proposition. The railroads could be called upon for all sorts of information, but the employes proposed to reserve certain riebts to themselves. It was not fair and it should not be passed, and he made this criticism as a friend of the laboring man. Every paper germane to the subject upder investigation ought to be given up by both sides when called for, and those papers not germane would be protected by the common law, There was no sense, in his opinion, in incorporating this feature, and]he would try and induce soma Senator to move to strike it out. Tbe Democrats are annoyed at the action of the Republicans in voting solidly for the labor bill. A member of the House committe on labor said to-day he was disgusted with the want of organization on the Democratic side. “The Republicans follow the leadership of Tom Reed, of Maine,” said he, “but our men will follow no one. The trouble with us is that we have too many statesmen. Asa Democratic measure, whatever of criticism there is on the labor bill our party will get it, and whatever there is to praise, the Republicahs can claim the larger share." The prospects of the bill in the Senate are as yet matters of speculation. It is certain that several amendments will be added, and there is apprehension among the members interested that corporation influence will be brought to bear in such a manner that should the bill come from tbe Senate an agreement in conference will be impossible.

The Cowardly Newspapers. New York Tribune. Judge Stevenson Burke, of Cleveland, who is a director in a half-dozen of the large railroad corporations of the country, said to me up town last night: “The course of the press of this country in the recent labor disturbances is simply amazing. If there is a single newspaper, for instaee, that has denounced the outrage that was perpetrated when the strikers at St Louis went into the round houses and destroyed and disableed engines, I have failed to see it. The criticisms upon the destruction of property have been of the mildest sort The men who countenance such proceedings are just as sure to reap the whirlwind as they sow the wind by such a course. There is no more damnable heresy on earth than the doctrine that because I will not pay you to work for me what you demand, you may come into ray and destroy my property, or that, beuauSyi* will not hire men at your dictation, you may do this thing. There has got to be a halt cried while we come to an understanding of individual rights. The newspapers should lead public opinion and instruct the people rather than yield to mob cries.” Labor Notes. Dubois, Pa., April s.— The strike in the Fourth district is likely to take a more serious turn by the middle of the week than heretofore. It is reported that the miners working are loading cars for operators whose mines are idle, and to this the strikers, as well as those working object. Unless this is stopped by Wednesday, every mine now working will again be shut down, and if this is done, 6,000 men will be out of employment. Pittsburg. April s.—Ata meeting of the Cab-inet-makers’ Union, last night, it was decided to demand a reduction in working horn’s on May 1, from ten to eight hours. The men who do piece work will demand an increase of 20 per cent in wages. Albany, N. Y., April 5. —The carpenters’ union of this city, embracing over 000 journeymen, struck this morning. It is thought that unless the boss builders comply with their demands all the union men will be ordered out St. Joseph. Mo., April s.— Tbe union employes in the printing-house of Combe & McCreary walked out to-day. The trouble is over the matter of employment of apprentices. A PECULIAR PENSION CASE. A Woman Whose Name Was Stricken Off the Roll for Sewing; Confederate Garments. Washington Special. Mr. Dockery has on his hands a peculiar pension case. Capt. Israel Hendloy was killed in the battle of Moro, in Mexico, in 1847. His widow was carried on the pension rolls for some years, and during the civil war was suddenly dropped. She tried to obtain reinstatement a dozen years ago, but failed. The old lady livm in Richmond. Mo., or at least her relatives are there. A few weeks ago Mr. Dockery instituted inquiries, and, as a result, Commissioner Black addressed a letter to Mrs. Hendley, in which he said: “Relative to your claim, I have to state that the case was carefully examined, and your name dropped from the rolls for the reason that ‘the making of clothing and tents, by you, for soldiers of the confederate army’ was an acf of disloyalty to the United States.” Believing that Mrs. Hendley had probably been punished enough for usi;,< her needle in the interest of the South. Mr. Dockery introduced a bill, and has succeeded in eetting a favorable report on it, to the effect that Mrs. Hensley’s name shall be put on the roll. The committee, however, decline to go back over the years that have elapsed and give Mrs. Hendley her potion from 1861, as if she had never raised thimolefinger against her country. • Are We Losing Our Teeth? Popular Science Monthly for April. The alternative as to whether man was created or developed can no longer be raised, now that we are exercising the free use of our reason. Man’s dentition has to be judged from our experiences made in the mammalian group. Hence, first of all, it is a reduced dentition. True, we do not know the definite stages by which it was attained in man, any more than we do in the case of the anthropomorphoids, and all the other apes of the Old World, but we shall not hesitate to maintain that the ancestors of man possessed a fuller number of teeth, as long as deductions are justified from the observation of facts. Our teeth have decreased in number during the course of our geologico-zoologicai development; we Have lost on either side, above and below, two incisors, two premolars. and one molar. By this we transfer ourselves back to those periods from which the jaw of the otocyon has been preserved. Baume, our eminent odontologist, in a recent work which we have repeatedly referred to, has successfully followed and pointed out cases of atavism or reversion in the human jaw, by tracing cases of “surplus” teeth—and certain dental formations met with in the jaws in a large percentage of casea—back to those portions of the jaw in the animal ancestors of man which have disappeared in the course of ages. The worst cold can be removed by Red Star Cough Cure. Price 25 cent*.

THE SPEAKING TELEPHONE. Another Man Who Claims To Be the Only Original and Genuine Inventor. Mr. J. W. McDonough and His “Teleloge”His Models and Application Were Filed Before Bell Applied for a Patent. Special to the Indianapolis Journal. Washington, April s. —ln the contest of inventors which is now raging at fever heat over the original invention of the speaking telephone, another party has appeared who has documentary evidence to prove that he was the first inventor, and, besides this, he appears to have an excellent case upon whieh to base his claim. This gentleman is Mr. J. W. McDonough, of Chicago, who states in his brief that he constructed an instrument as far back as the year 1867 for the purpose of converting an interrupted current of electricity into a continuous sound. He states that he had his contrivance so far perfected in 1874 as to make it possible to hear sound transmitted over a wire by the aid of electricity, at a considerable distance. Owing to ill health and other causes, he made no application for a patent until nine years after his original discovery. He says that at the time of filing his application for a patent on a “teleloga” he had never heard of Mr. Bell, nor did he know that Bell made any claim to having invented a telephone of any description whatsoever. He had neither seen nor heard of the patent of March 7, 187 C. The name “teleloge,” which he gave to his invention, was one which he constructed with the aid of a Greek dictionary. He considered the word more accurately descriptive of his invention than the word telephone, as teleloge signifies a mechanism for transmitting words from a distance. Mr. McDonough’s application was filed on April 10, 1876. Two years afterwards, in October, 1878, he also filed an application for a patent on a telephone transmitter, involving tbe principle of metallic diaphragms. The models which he filed were destroyed by fire when the Patent Office was burned. McDonough was compelled to divide his application ,for a patent into eight different divisions. Upon four of these he has been granted patents. One remains in the Patent Office, and three were applied for in conformity with an agreement with the Bell Telephone Company, which McDonough entered into, by which he was to receive $5,000 in cash, and $300,000 more in the event of his successful application for these three patents. A series of interferences were instituted, to which McDonough was one of the parties, and on July 31, 1883, the examiner made a decision in which he referred to the McDonough matter in these words: “Taking, therefore, May, 1875, as the date of McDonough’s invention of receiver and issue, it only remains to be considered whether Bell has proved prior conception, for he does not pretend to have ■"onstructed such a receiver prior to July, 1875. Upon the evidence submitted it is impossible to find that he had conceived, much less disclosed, the invention in issue in this case. Upon this account J. W. MeDonough is awarded priority of invention.” The Bell company took an appeal, and the examin-ers-in-chief, after some eleven months considering the question, rendered a decision, in which they held that “this apparatus is termed by McDonough a teleloge—that is a far speaker, and is said to be capable of transmitting and re producing speech, but it is evident that it must of necessity have no such function. It is now well known in the art that in order to transmit speech there must be constant contact, but here a device is expressly provided which makes and breaks at every vibration of the diaphragm,” The examiners went on to say that McDonough’s invention would never have served the purpost of a telephone, and centuries might have passed before the world would have been familiar with the method of transmitting sound which has become so popular within the last five years. McDonough appealed from this decision, and quoted eminent men to prove that the conclusion against McDonough, because his instrument makes and breaks, was a bad decision, aud uot warranted by the facts. In an affidavit from Charles A. Young, professor of astronomy at the College of New Jersey, which was submitted by McDonough, the deponent says: “In one of the experiments the instrument surpassed anything deponent had ever heard in any other telephone. The voice of the speaker was heard in the receiver with a tone clear of dissonance and harshness and of most remarkable bell-like quality.” Prof. C. F. Brackett, of the College of New Jersey, who has been retained by the government to take charge of the scientific part of the suit against the Bell conroany, submitted an extremely convincing affidavit in support of the McDonough claim, and said of a trial of tiie machine: “The result was very surprising. I was able to say, with entire truth, that I never heard so satisfactory speaking in any other telephone.” Now comes the point in the case. The business manager for McDonough, Mr. H. H. Eldred. of Boston, came here in January, 1885, and requested the Commissioner of Patents, Major Buttorworth, to graut them a week’s delay in order to prepare for the hearing in one of the interference cases. Butterworth declined to grant the delay, but insisted on rush ing the matter right through. Eldred then asked two days’ delay. His request was denied. It had taken the examiners three years to hear the testimony, and yet Butterworth insisted upon having the appeal made without the slightest delay. He would not even grant them two days. The McDonough people claim that they investigated the reason for this action on the part of the Commissioner, and they found that Mr. Crossley, of the firm of Butterworth & Crossley, had been retained as attorney for the Bell company, although they were unable to ascertain that the latter had any legal proceedings in the courts of Ohio, or that the firm of Butterworth & Crossley had ever before taken a patent case. It is charged, further, that soon after the hearing in the interference case was closed, Mr. Crossley came on to Washington, spent his time at Major Rutterworth’s house, and that on the 3d of March, 1885, the Commissioner of Patents rendered his decision, which was about his last official act. This decision was in favor of the Bell company. McDonough asks that the patent on his original application be granted to him. He is prepared to show, he thinks, that Bell never filed an application at all for a patent on a telephone until after his (McDonough’s) application and models had been placed in the Patent Office.

THE VANDERBILTS. The Old Commodore’s Ancestry and Hts Methods of Doing Business. W. A. Croffut’a New Book. The Commodore’s immediate Staten Island ancestors were commonplace. “They had planted and hoed, plowed and sowed, drudged and delved, died and been buried in the town where they were born. The average workman in the employ of the New York Central railroad to-day lives better and gets far more of the real comforts of life than any of the Vanderbilts of the last century. In the very mode of life they had adopted they were preparing for a colossal output. They were delving in an inhospitable soil, aud facing hostile elements, and inuring themselves to hardship and exposure, and thus getting the muscles of steel, the unflinching pluck and the unconquerable will that move and mold the world. Unconsciously, nerve by nerve, and fiber hy fiber, they were building up the man who was to illustrate their name. “Generation after generation the Vanderbilts bad fed their stock and tilled their tough acres, and asked no more. They had stood successively, father and son, on the same green hillside and looked down the bay through that open gateway, the Narrows, to the sea beyond, without desiring to occupy it. They had glanced languidly up the bay to the shining city in the distance without burnioe to get a mortgage on it During all these years the members of this family do not seem to have cherished any ambition of any kind except to pay their taxes promptly, go to church regularly, and get to heaven at last The fruit of the family tree was not yet ripe, but ft was ripening. The man had not yet come who, filled with divine greed,

would go forth on a magnificent crusade of sonquest; who, inspired by personal avarice, would enter into the commercial emulations of his time with beneficent results; who, determined to be master, would become pre-eminently the servant of his countrymen; who, aiming only to push forward his own interests, would mysteriously advance the interests of all, promoting traffic and transit, increasing the general wealth and thrift, and augmenting the universal comfort beyond the dreams of philanthropy. Such a man, at the end of. the fourth generation, made his appearance in the person of Cornelius Vanderbilt.” The story of the Commodore’s boyhood is most interesting, and might well be put forth by itself as a tract for boya His motto was never to be beaten. He worked early and late; allowed nobody to underbid him, and when the war of 1812 broke out the lad of seventeen was considered the best boatman on the bay. “He believed in the competitive system of labor, which‘all sluggards who are beaten in the competition denounce as ‘barbaroua’ He believed in the survival of the fittest—a law of nature that is never liked by the weaklings, or by those who are unable to cope with their fellows on equal terms.” This was the key to the achievements of his life. At the beginning of the Rebellion the Commodore loaned the largest steamship to the United States government, built by himself and worth $1,000,000. “At the close of the war, to which Vanderbilt had made great contributions, and had given the life of his favorite son (Captain George), the government-, instead of returning the borrowed vessel to her owner had her mustered into the United States navy, and formally returned thanks for the present!” Congress passed resolution of thanks to him and struck a six-ounce gold medal commemorative of his genorosity. “The Congressional committee authorized to present him with the resolutions and the medal had a rather stormy time of it. He rehearsed the particulars of the theft and asked if that was the way a great and noble nation ought to conduct itself. Some of them declared that they had misunderstood and wanted to return the vessel. ‘No! Devil take jrour impudence!’ shouted the Commodore. ‘Keep her. I don’t care about a little thing like that!’ ” When the Nicaragua company refused to pay him according to the terms of the contract he simply wrote to them: Gentlemen—You have undertaken to cheat me I won’t sue you, for law ia too slow. I will ruin you. Yours truly, Cornelius Vanderbilt. In two years the line was irretrieveably bankrupt. William H., it seems, made the Staten Island farm pay well at the ed of his twenty years’ farming. “When he finally abandoned it to go to New York it was yielding $12,000 a year, or SI,OOO a month, or $34 a day, or $1.42 an hour (by the impressive method of calculating' revenues that has of late come so much in vogue), contrary to the predictions and expectations of the exacting and skeptical millionaire, his father. The author explains the “stock-watering” of the Vanderbilts and defends it, saying that stock-waterii.g is “simply the conclusion and declaration of a man that his property is worth more to-uav than it was yesterday. When the Commodore’s portrait first appeared on the bonds of the Central a holder of some called one day and said: ‘Commodore, glad to see yer face on them bonds. It’s worth 10 per cent.; gives everybody confidence.’ The Commodore smiled grimly, the only recognition he ever made of a compliment. "Cause, explained the visitor, ‘wen we see that fine, noble brow it reminds us that you let anybody else steal anything?’ ” Thus are some stories told against the old Commodore in drawing the outlines of his strong, rude character. “He could express his meaning with force, brevity and clearness, but pen and ink always had him at a disadvantage. His English was even worse than Napoleon Bonaparte’s French. He always wrote of the reservoir in which steam is generated at the ‘boylar,’and a letter of his is still extant in which be asks a friend to ‘com down and sea the widdow.”’ One chapter considers the social position of the Vanderbilts, and another tells particularly about the scores of living members of the family. There is a pleasant sketch of Messrs. Cornelius and William K. Vanderbilt, the present heads of the family, their education and training, their business habits, and their general character. ,In the preface we read: “In preparing these pages the author has had an ambition not merely to give a biographical picture of sire, son, and grandsons and descendants, but to consider their relation to society, to measure the significance and the influence of their fortune, to ascertain where their money came from, to inquire whether others are poorer because they are rich, whether they are hindering or promoting civilization whether they and such as they are impediments to the welfare of the human race.” The conclusions he reaches are quite at variance with the popular theories of this troubled year, namely, that the Commodore “made bis millions as legitimately as an artisan fashions a bat from wool or a chair from wood;” that the managing brain is of more consequence than the skilled hand in all creative processes; that avarice is not a vice, but a virtue, “the child of an aspiring discontent,” and the mother of civilization; that the millionaire capitalist is a blessing to society; that “it is to theobvious advantage of society that reproductive wealth shall be concentrated in few hands,” where it will not be squandered or consumed, for “the larger its aggregations the smaller the toll which it will exact from society for the privilege of its use.” The last two chapters of the book are assigned to what Mr. Croffut thinks is a demonstration of these astonishing propositions.

NOT A GRAIN IN IT. Black Pepper and Other Table Spices Adulterated and Sold as Pure. New York Mail and Express. “Give me a quarter of a pound of black pepper,” said a customer to an up town grocer recently. “1 want it pure.” The grocer took down a little package done up in tm foil and adorned with a yellow label bearing the legend • : ; PURE BLACK PEPPER. ; “This is what sells for black pepper, but seeing I know you pretty well I don’t mind telling you there’s not a grain of black pepper in it. I worked for five years in the milling-room of a spice mill, and I’m on to the business from end to end. Now, this particular spice is made this way: Take eighty-six pounds of finely-ground bran mixed with pulverised charcoal—the last to represent the black hull of the pepper grain; then add fifteen pounds of ground cayenne pep per, and there you are with one hundred pounds of pure black pepper. “It’s the same way with mustard,” the grocer continued. “Fifteen to twenty pounds of cayenne pepoer, the balance of cheap wheat flour colored yellow, makes 100 pounds of genuine mustard. The highest grades, which aren’t often retailed, contain as much as one-half of real mustard. But cream of tartar is the bigeest swindle. A fifteen pound can of the low grade contains one pound of tartaric acid and fourteen of terra alba. The terra alba is a mild alkali and neu tralizes the effect of the acid. Higher grades of the mixture contain a trifle more tartaric acid. “You probably think you’ve eaten some cinnamon in your time,” the grocer went on. “Well, you haven’t I don’t suppose there’s ten pounds of cinnamon bark in the United States. What past es for cinnamon is the bark of the cassia tree. This is adulterated with a still coarser bark, known as cassia vera. The article is also mixed with peas and roast bran. I not tell ‘ you about roa&t coffee, everybody knows about that It’s just the same way through the whole list of spices. If you dould smuggle yourself into the basement of some spice mill you would find bins of bran, peas, terra alba, etc.” To have a fine crop of large, rich currants, enrich the ground, make it clean and mellow, and thin out the brush. Cut away the old stunted wood, and leave the vigorous young shoots. Let them occupy equal distances from each other, and give the bushes in some degree a regular form. No fruit is more neglected than the currant, the bushes being allowed to become enveloped in weeds and grass, and the enfeebled bushes allowed to grow into a mass of brash. The difference in the size of the berries raised by the two modes is about as one to four. Asfew statistics may be of service: An ordinary barrel contains 4} solid feet; a bushel contains a trifle over 1$ solid feet; a solid foot of water weighs 62$ pounds; an aore contains 441,260 square feet, Frkbdom from pain can be enjoyed by the poorest, They hare Si Jacobs Oilj

THE TROUBLES IN THE EAST The Greeks Still Continue Making Active Preparations for Fighting. The Powers Awaiting Possible Changes in the Greek Ministry Before Beginning Naval Against that Country. THE EASTERN TROUBLE. The Greeks Continue Their War Preparations—What the Powers Are Waiting For. London, April s.— Mr. Bryce, Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs, replying to a question in the House of Commons this afternoon, said that Greece had not accepted the advice of the powers as to the course she should pursue in her trouble with Turkey. He also said that the government had no information which would enable them to say that Greece would refrain from war. M. Tricoupis, ex-Prime Minister, in his attack on the present Greek government, last Saturday, in the Chamber of Deputies, blamed the Ministers for missing the opportunity of arriving at a good understanding with Turkey presented by the recent war between Servia and Bulgaria. He also criticised the government for failing to organize the Greek army, and urged that the raw recruits be sent home, and well-trained man be ordered to the army, so that the country might be in a state of military readiness in case of emergency. The Greek Minister of War has returned from a tour of inspection of the frontier defenses. He expressed his delight to the various commanders at the efficiency of the works. Before leaving Areta, he requested the officers to inform their men that they would be expected to sustain the honor of Greece on the field of battle, and not to return home until that honor was satisfied. It is learned from official sources that the powers are awaiting probable changes in the Greek Ministry before finally deciding to com mence naval operations against Greece. Prince Alexander Will Not Yield. Sofia, April s.—To-day is the twenty-ninth anniversary of the birth of Prince Alexander. The people are celebrating it as a holiday. A Te Deum was sung this morning in the cathedral in celebration of the event The edifice was crowded. The representatives of all the powers except Russia attended the services. All the consulate offices, except that of Russia, were decorated with flags. Gadban Effendi, the special Turkish commissioner, who came here last week with a special i mission concerning the Eastern Roumelian governorship question, raised by Russia, has had several consultations with Prince Alexander. The commissioner, on behalf of the Sultan, advised Alexander not to resist the decision of the powers on the question whether his title of Governor of Eastern Roumelia is for a limited term of five years, as Russia claims, or for life, as he claims. Gadban Effendi assured the Prince that his wishes would be considered when the conditions were favorable for so doing. Prince Alexander replied that he regretted that he was unable to yield, but this was impossible in view of the legitimate demands of the Bulgarians and the national sacrifices which had been mad&

FOREIGN MISCELLANY. French Socialists Indignant Over the Arreal of Messrs. Roche and Dnqniere. Paris, April s.— The arrest of MM, Rock* and Duquiere, at Decasevllle, continues to ha the sensation of Paris. All the papers published long leaders on the subject M. Rochefort, in his paper, violently attacks the government, not only for its conduct in this affair, but also for its whole treatment of the troubles at Decaseville. M. Camillneat, Deputy for one of the Seine districts, accompanied by the editors of the Intransigeant, Cri oe People and Radical, wc-nt to Decaseville to-day. The Socialists of Paris have called an indignation meeting for next Wednesday, when, it is believed, they will decide on some form of retaliation for the arrests. The government will ask the Chamber of Deputies for permission to prosecute M. Baslv, a Seine member of the Chamber, for his open justification of the murder of M. Watrin, the mine superintendent, by his striking workmen. Cable Notes. Sir Henry Halford, well known for his connection with rifle shooting, and who conducted the Creedmoor matches, is dying of Bright’s disease of the kidneys. The papal consistory which was to have been ii jld April 20 has been postponed until May. The archbishops of Baltimore and Quebec are expected to attend. The paper-mill strike at Birmingham, England, ended yesterday, the employes submitting to a 30 Der cent, reduction in wages. They struck on April 1 against a reduction of 33 per cent The corpse found in the Thames, and declared to be that of Mr. Russell Nourse, it is learned,, was wrongly identified. The remains are not those of Mr. Nourse, of whom no trace for the past month has been found. M. Sarrien, French Minister of the Interior, has ordered all the mayors and prefects of the country to do their utmost to dissuade Frenchmen from emigrating. The officials are instructed to expatiate “on the obstacles aud disappointments which await new-comers in all parts of the world, particularly in America. The Hoosier Farmer’s Breakfast. Indianapolis Corn Miller. Corn bread is the pioneer bread of this conntry. The fathers of the younger generation were, in many on corn bread and pork meat. Even after years of prosperity irroueht more delicate food for their wives and children, they clung, in a measure to that which had been their strength and sustenance in their earlier days. There are a great many people who like to have the old-fashioned corn bread and some fried salt pork for their breakfast, and there are a few, perhaps, who will read this who know how good it tastes, and who, through this reminder, will order such a breakfast in the near future. Prof. J. L. Budd, of the lowa Agricultural College, says that good varieties of pears fruited well in east Europe, where the mercury ran down to 55 degrees below zero, with no snow. Cherries are the universal fruit there, taking the place of the grape here. They plant them along the highways and streets, and between farms. JtaPRIG© K? SPECIAL fS'fclHll# UJextracts MOST PERFECT MADE Purest and strongest Natural Ftutt Flavor*. Vanilla, Lemon, Orange. Almond. Rose, eto* flavor as delicately and naturally as the fruit. PRICE BAKINC POWDER CO., CHICAGO. LOOM*