Indianapolis Journal, Indianapolis, Marion County, 26 January 1885 — Page 2

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s'ao would take him across her knee and the pulpit, and now he has illustrated it beyond question.’’ . , Without giving Dr. Patton time to -reply, tlie women hastily left the church. To-night Rev. • Olympia P. Brown replied to Dr. Pulton from the pulpit of the Universalist Church. THE WOMAN PLEASES. How Salt Lake City Came to Have Free Mali Delivery. Washington Special. The first free delivery postal system in the territories will go into effect at -Salt Lake City, March 1. It was brought about in a curious manner. About a year ago, a letter was received at the department here from a Mormon lady, whose husband is a prominent polygamist of Salt LaKe. She complained that letters ad-: dressed to her as plain Mrs. Blank, were b liable to be opened by any of the othar ©f the half dozen Mrs. Blanks in the family a3 herself, although she was the only one of the number who had any correspondence whatever. She therefore requested Gen. Gresham to inaugurate the free delivery system in order to relieve her and other ladies, similarly situated, from this embarrassment. No attention was paid to her appeal, and the matter was speedily forgotten. When Frank Hatton became Postmaster-general Mrs. Blank addressed a second communication to the department, embodying her grievances as above. Mr. Hatton, who is probably more chivalrous than his predecessor, found upon investigation that the business of theSaltLake office justified the increased expenditure, and on Monday last a letter was forwarded to Mrs. Blank, stating that as soon as the necessary arrangements could be made tho system she desired should be adopted. MINOR MENTION. Fred Grant Declines an Appointment to a Position in the Army. Washington, Jan. 24.—The Baltimore Sun this morning says: “President Arthur yesterday nominated Brevet colonel A. F. Rockwell, holding the rank of captain and assistant quartermaster, to be major and quartermaster. This promotion necessarily leaves a vacancy in the erado of captain. As soon as Col. Rockwell’s promotion was determined upon the President immediately notified Mr. Frederick Grant that he could have the appointment if he desired. Owing to the fact that Mr. Grant was an applicant for an appointment of this character a short time ago. it was supposed that tho offer would be readily accepted. Not so, however. Yesterday the President received a communication from Mr. Grant, politely declining the appointment. Two reasons are given for the declination of the offer bv Mr. Grant It is said that he does not wish to be put back in the army in advance of his father, Gen. Grant. The other reason is that he , is heavily involved in debt, and to go back into the army would prevent him from working his way out ” Alaska's Great River. • Washington, Jan. 25. —General Nelson A. Miles, who has become interested in the question of an exploration of the recently discovered Yukon river, in Alaska, which territory is part of his military command, has decided to request of Major-general Pope, commanding the division. of the Pacific, that Captain P. H. Ray, of the Eighth United States infantry, who had charge of the Point Barrow Meteorological station, be ordeied to report to him for the purpose of copducting an exploration of the river and adjoining country. _ A Very Favorable Showing. Washington, Jan. 25.— Curing December, 1884, the value of exports of merchandise was $91,294,810, or about $3,000,000 a day. This has been exceeded but twice before, viz.: during December, 1880, and December, 1882; the value of imports of merchandise in December, 1881, was only $42,139,309, being less than any previous month since July, 1879. General and Personal. Special to the IndianapoHs Journal. Washington, Jan. 25. —Mrs. Senator Yoorhees will give a luncheon party, ou Tuesday, to a large number of friends. J. A. Henry, of Indiana, law clerk of the Postoffice Department, is acting Attorney-general during the absence of Judge Freeman. J. L. Houcben, of Indiana, has been appointed to a $1,200 clerkship in the Commissary-gener-al’s office of the War Department. Win. P. Brown, of Indiana, has been promoted from a $1,200 clerkship to one of $1,400 in the Pension Bureau. Hon. George W. Julian and his daughter are at 134 B street, northeast, for the remainder of the winter. Senator and Mrs. Harrison, Judge Jeremiah Wilson and wife, and Mr. and Mrs. Blaine attended a dinner at Wormley’s, last night, given by Judge Shellabarger. A postoffice has been established ' at Spangler, Pulaski county, and Benjamin P. Heath appointed postmaster. Elwood Bernard has been commissioned postmaster at Eden, Ind. Joseph Gent, of Columbus, is expected here daily; he is in New York now. Representative Kleiner presented in the House, yesterday, a lot of petitions from citizens of Lyunville, in favor of the Mexican war pen sion bill STATISTICS. V* ♦ . ■ii ■ Same Opinions of Carroll D. ’Wright, the Nevr National Commissioner, Boston Herald. Col. Carroll D. Wright, the present chief of the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor, and who has just been appointed by President Arthur to be the head of the national Bureau of Statistics, was visited yesterday by a representative of the Herald, when the following conversation occurred: “When was the first effort made to establish a national bureau of labor?” “I do not remember precisely, but I should say about six years ago. I tmnk Senator Hoar then introduced a bill looking to the establishment of such aa office; it may have been since then, but that is my memory on the subject.” “When was the bureau of labor at Washington established by law?” “In June last.” “What classes or ‘movements’ have axes to grind in such a bureau?” “Generally speaking, none, but every man and every association having theories to support advocate the collection and publication of facts in the hope that they will support the theories advanced, and usually statistical efforts result in giving some ernmbs of comfort to each side in any controversy. The most impartial statistics, ami those most carefully collected and digested, are very apt to furnish arguments for the use of advocates of various and even opposing theories. In this lies one of the best tests of the impartiality of the investigation, for a partial investigator or statistician would feel in duty bound to back up his own theories or those of his party. So, if the national bureau of labor ia conducted on a scientific aud impartial basis, there will be no grindstones in it on wliich the axes of any party can be sharpened." “What are the chief needs and uses of euch a bureau ?” ••Primarily the collection and dissemination of knowledge relating to the industrial forces of the country. Statistics belong to the educational werk of society; the needs of a bureau belong to the needs for education. The uses are in dissipating false ideas. Only a few years ago many me n thought the so-called labor question could be solved through legislative enactment or through the adoption of some special solution, or ipsolution, but to-day, through the results coining from investigation, tho better understanding of conditions and the more intelligent appreciation of economic forces, most men have concluded that the labor question, like all other questions affecting society, must agree with the moral and intellectual growth of society itself. Socialism as a force is being harmonized with lie other forces of civilization through the re

emits of tho "knowledge 3 have indicated. , Specifically the uses of a national bureau can be made of great value to the industrial interests of the country, and to the consumers by tho careful collection, analyses and publication of data relative to the supply of products and the demand for the same, and, in time, in so advising the public that ‘corners’ trad other speculative devices by which trade is disarranged and the consumer suffers will become less and less profitable or possible. The uses of such a bureau may he as extensive ns the intelligence of its admtaiistration and of the people of the country may combine i© secure.’’ “What are the dangers or evils which may follow from its ignorant, unwiso or selfish administratioE'?” *‘The bureau, under Such an administration as you have indicated in your question, would be the most dangerous instrumentality in the whole range us the government; provided its executive officer* had the confidence of the people it Could delude them into the adoption of all sorts of, industrial and social vagaries; it could do much through the vicious use of pretended facts toward defeating this or that party, and it could widen the supposed breach, or any quasi broach, between the interests of labor and capital. Such a thing could not became very extensive, because to bring about such evils presupposes confidence in the bureau. If the bureau should not preserve confidence in it, it would not be a dangerous instrumentality, but would become simply a nuisance. If its administration sought to aid any particular party, or to sustain any particular theory, it would not only become dangerous, but would destroy its usefulness. No great good can come out of such a bureau through any administration of it that is not fearless. impartial and scientific.” “How can it help the laboring classes?* “It can help them by bringing to them a wider knowledge of the forces which belong to" industry. If the laborer and his employer can be taught that their interests are not, as they have always been told, identical, but are, on the other hand, reciprocal; much has been done to secure industrial peace. If he can learn through investigation that be has a perfect right to strike, but learns at the same time that he usually strikes when his action may be welcome, and that he dissipates his force by such actioii, he will certainly be the gainer. If he can learn through investigation that wages are the result of laws outside the control of himself and his employer, he has learned much toward securing his own eomfort If his employer can learn that with broad, humane Christian treatment which is epitomized by the golden rule, he receives better and surer dividends, and that his works and his enterprise are safer and more secure, the laborer has been helped in an inestimable degree. These are a few of the directions through which aid can be brought to the laboring classes by a bureau of tho kind in question.” INDIANA AND ILLINOIS. Callings from Correspondence and Gleanings from Exchanges. Indiana Items. Arrangements are about complete for the opening of a Normal school at Marion. C. E. Vandever has been chosen superintendent of the the Terre Haute Police force. Lawrenceburg appears to be given over* to pugilism, the sparring matches averaging one a week. t Mrs. Sabria Moore, aged eighty years, one of tlie oldest pioneers of Clark county, died at her home near Sellersburg, on Thursday. ’Squire Robert Richardson, a prominent farmer living near Milan, was attacked by a vicious bull, trampled upon and dangerously injured. Miss Louiso Lanier, daughter of J. F. D. Lanier, the New York millionaire,, died at the residence of her brother-in-law, Hon. John R. Cravens, Madison, Ind., on Saturday. The Tremont House, at Wabash, was somewhat damaged by fire on Friday. Captain Henley, a fireman, during the excitement fell into an open cistern and was barely rescued in time to escape drowning. George Murry, of Cincinnati, formerly employed in Richmond by the Colby Manufacturing Company, in the sale of clocks and clothes wringers on the installment plan, has been sent to jail, charged with embezzlement. Calvin C. King has been elected president of the Wabash County Agricultural Society. The society is in debt $5,126.07 owing to large purchases of-laud. It is proposed to increase the capacity of the grounds still further, and build, a fine half-mile track. Mary Kaufman charged with attempting to cut the throat of Mrs. Conway, the wife of a Wayne county farmer with* whom she lived, has been sent to jail. Mary and Conway are said to have iived paramours, and Mrs. Conway discharged her from her position as domestic. Mary says Mrs. Conway cut her own throat with suicidal intent The board of trustees, of Jlartford City, has compromised the damage case of William A. Early vs. the Town, by paying to the plaintiff S4OO. Sir. Early is a traveling salesman for George W. Stout, of Indianapolis, and fell into an excavation in front of the Bank block last July. The property holders were made a party to the suit, and paid their pro rata share of the compromise. Long, in jail at Crawfordsville for swindling farmers, is said to be a man named Dingman., a member of the Plymouth, Ind., City Council. After his arrest he telegraphed another member of the Plymouth council, named Barnett, who came to see him, from whom these facts are learned. Dingman had also operated in Parke county. His manner of transacting business was to contract for timber, and the contract which the farmer signed afterward turned up as a note, which ho sold for what ho could get for it. His transactions in Montgomery county amounted to several hundred dollars, and it is also known that he did a thriving business in Parke, with other counties to hear from. Illinois Notes. Christian Wommelsdorf has been acquitted of the murder of John H. Meyer at Quincy. While out hunting, near Kansas, William Dugan's gun exploded, inflicting several serious wounds in his face and head. James Gordon fell at his residence, near Atlanta, and broke his thigh, and. on account of his old age, is in a critical condition. James Mullen’s large barn, at North Alton, was destroyed by fire on Friday night. Two horses, three cows, and a valuable bull were also burned. Loss, $3,000; insured for SI,OOO in tho Continental, of New York. Mrs. Eliza H. Browning, widow of the late exSenator and ex-Secretary of the Interior O. H. Browning, died, at Quincy, of typhoid pneumonia, in her seventy-seventh year. She was born in Kentucky, and was married to Mr. Browoipg in 1829. Train Derailed and Lumbermen Injured. Toledo, Jan. 25. This morning a special train bearing the Union Association of Lumber Dealers, returning from an excursion to Muskegon, Mich., was derailed eight miles north of Allegan, Mich. The two forward coaches were overturned and four occupants injured. P. P. Birch, Sidney, 0., injured in the side; D. C. Fisher, of Findlay, 0., back severely wrenched; T. F. Bond, Springfield, 0., temple badly bruised; J. W. Aiken, Burgettstown, Pa.; scalp wound. _ A Fight Over the Remains <ef Owaey Ceoghegau. New York, Jan. 25.—The remains of Owney Geoghegan. the ex-pugilist, arrived here to-day. The reputed wife of Geoghegan was not permitted to see tpe body. She says she will make a fight in the courts to obtain possession of it. ©ridge-Worka Damaged by Fire. Chicago, Jan/ 25. —Lossing Sc Aldeu’s bridgeworks, in the suburb of Lake View, were damaged $25,000 by fire this morning. The loss is chiefly on stock aud patterns. The works are insured for $870,000. 1 ———— — ■ ■ ■ 11 Serious Railway Accident. Brussels, Jan. 25.—A collision occurred to-day between two traius in a suburb of this city. Both were filled with excursionists. Twenty persons were injured, and several of them are now dying. Which a man Is r onslv ill he should call on his doctor at once, . i when his trouble is only a cough or a sore thrott he need only invest 25 cents in a bottle of Dr. Bull’s Cough Syrup.

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, MONDAY. JANUARY 36, 1885.

AMERICAS ILLITERACY. General Logan’s Paper on the Proposal of National Aid to Education. (Jenc'nil John A. Logan, in The Chftntatujiiati. We Americans boast, and boast rightfully, of the high position in the scale of intelligence we occupy ns a people; but pride in that fact should not blind our eyes to our existing imperfections. W> are proud of the attainments Os our men of letters; we rejoice in the achievements of our scientists and inventors; we glory in our rapid advance among the nations of wealth and power, and we fail to give serious heed to the hundreds of thousands of our people who are growing up every year in clouded ignorance, without even the rudiments of educasion. If w© examine with care our census returns and the reports of our Bureau of Education we will be startled by some of the facts they reveal. Take the bulletin of “Illiteracy in the United States,” as returned at the tenth census, and its first line reveals the deplorable fact that of the 36,701.607 persons of ten years of age and upward 4,923,451 (over one-seventh) are unable to read, and 6,239,958 (nearly one-sixth) are unable to write. It appears, moreover, from other census tabulations presented” to the United States Senate that, cf the 50,155,783 persons constituting our population in 1880, there were equally proportioned between the white and colored races, 4,204,363 of both sexes over twenty-one years of age unable to write, or about 2,000,000 “illiterates”outof the 0.000,000 persons at that time entitled to vote; or, in other words, one of every five voters in the United States unable to write his name. From other statistics of that census it appears also that 1,640,000 voters were unable to read, Thus we have the astounding assurance that while one in every five voters cannot write the ballot that he wishes to deposit, one in every six voters cannot even read the ballot that he places in the box! It is this one illiterate voter in every five (or six) voters who holds the balance of power at our elections. While a very large proportion of our population, and also of that portion of it which -exercises the elective franchise, can both read and write, yet a, great number of these are very little tfie more intelligent because their limited ability to either or both is so imperfect and so rarely availed of. Alluding to these, a committee of tho United States Senate said: “Os those who can write, multitudes do not place a sentence on paper twice in a lifetime. Thousands never get an idea from the printed page.” Yet these are the men who may at any time' subject the country to their control —men who hold the weighty balance of political power. To the patriot, to the lover of republican institutions, to the advocate of unrestrict ed individual suffrage, this fact is appalling. But it is none the less a fact that should be known. The very knowledge that one in every five of our voters exercises ignorantly this undue and prodigious power must nerve a free and enlightened people to make immediate and. adequate provision, both to aid and make obligatory the elementary education of thoso, who, ia due tftne, will infcenit.froin us the right of suffrage. It caunot be too often or too strongly urged, under the light of the revelation from the census returns, that an ignorant ballot is a dangerous ballot, because it may be at once heedless, and easily deceived; that an educated ballot is, to the degree of education, an enlightened ballot —possibly wrong-headed or mistaken at times, bnt as a rule careful, brave and pure, and that, as the ballot is placed in the hands of all Americans, education —the means by which they may discriminatingly cast that ballot—should be open and free to all. The very existence of the Republic depends upon the proper, use of tho potential ballot. Education alone can teach that proper use. Hence it is that “education to ail” is corner stone of the Republic; and to secure, no effort however groat, no expense however large, should be withheld. Here, then, with the fact staring us in the face, that the one potential vote of every five votes that decides all the great political questions of the day—questions involving the most complex and faiTeaching principles of government—questions of finance, of diplomacy, of commerce, ol trade, of tariff, of the relations of capital and labor, and others whose solution perplexes the minds of our very ablest statesmen —is an utterly ignorant vote, can the American people hesitate to demand of Congress not only immediate but adequate remedial legislation in the shape of ample national aid to elementary education for all of school age, and obligatory attendance within reasonable limits? If we examine the details of these census tabulations wo shall find that much the larger portion of this illiteracy is found in some thirteen or fourteen States. Taking these Stat- s and Territories in wliich the proportion of “illiterates” (those unable to write) to the total Sta‘o or Territorial population of ten years of age <v 1 us ward exceed 25 per cent, we find tb. t ratio to be: In Alabama, 50.9 per. cent; Arkansas, 38; Florida, 43.4; Georgia, 49.9; Kentucky, 29.9; Louisiana, 49.1; Mississippi, 49.5; New* Mexico, 65; North Carolina, 48.3; Svath Carolina, 55.4; Tennessee, 38.7; Texas, 29 7; and Virginia, 40.6. Massing these twelve States and one Territory together, we find they include a population of 10,079,130 of ten years of age and upward, of which number no less than 4.324.513, or over two-fifths, are unable to write —43 out of every 100 unable to sign their own names —while of the 26,682,477 j arsons of like age in the remaining States and Territories, the number of such illiterates is but 1,915,445, or a little over 7 in every 100. We are all, of course, aware that this large proportion of illiteracy in the States named is largely owing to the presence of the colored population. Nevertheless, the fact remains that these people, to whom all the rights of citizenship have been accorded, and who will hereafter form a very important, and, possibly, predominating factor in the administration of the affairs of these States, as well as an important factor in national affairs, must remain for 4 long time in'ignorance, unless some other means of educating them be adopted than that which now obtains. But let no one deceive himself with the idea that this undue and lamentable ratio of illiteracy in these particular Status is due wholly to the presence of the colored population. Unfortunately illiteracy prevails to a very considerable and almost an alarming extent among their native white population also. Massing them, we find that of the 6,010,714 native whites, ten years of age and upward, within the territorial limit mentioned, there ara as many as 1,395,441—being 23.2 per cent., or nearly one iu every four of the whites—unable to write. It is evidont, therefore, that the surprising illiteracy of these States is not wholly attributable to the presonce therein of the colored race. It is somewhat humiliating to have to confess to the world, by our own official figures, that one out ot every four of the native whites over ten years of age in twelve States and cne Territory of our republic is unable to write his own name, especially when wo compare it with the additional fact, derived from tho same tabulation, that the illiteracy of the foreign-born of these same localities does not rise in any instance above 10. 9 per cent. That the local as well as sectional inequality in education can be overcome by no other means than by national aid will be further demonstrated. Nor is it just that we should expect or ask it to be otherwise. No matter now what may have caused this inequality, the fact that it exists is that which now momentously concerns ns. We know it cannot be removed by recurring to the cause, and it will become more and more evident as we examine the subject that only by speedy and effieieut congressional action can we now insure that future educational equilibrium, not only between the races and between the sections, but also between the people in each State, which will have so important a bearing upon the destinies of this Nation, and is so essential to tlie continued peace, prosperity and contentment of its people. Another fact of groat importance, as bearing upon the necessity for national aid %o education, is revealed by tlie census returns. It is a curious os well os an important revelation, be-

cause it shows that the ratio of children or persons under twenty one years of age to the adults, is considerably larger in some States than in others, and correspondingly increases the educational burden. The principle involved in this condition of affairs may be simply illustrated thus: Suppose the head of each family had to pay directly for the education of his own children. Then, even with an equality of means, the burden would, as a matter of course, fall heavier on the one with a numerous than the one with a small progeny. To make apparent the effect of this inequality in the proportion of minors to adults in different parts of our common country, let us suppose that the mean average cost of schooling is $4 per annum for each child. It appears that in Connecticut, out of every one hun dred persons, fifty-nine are adults, and fortyone are minors. At this supposed rate, then, the fifty-nine adults would each have to pay $2.78 per annum in order to make up the $164 per annum needed for the education of the fortyone children. It appears, also, that iu South Carolina, out of every one hundred persons, forty-three are adults and fifty-seven are minors. At the supposed rate, then, these fortythree adults would have each to pay $5.30 per annum in order to make up the $228 per annum needed for the education of the fifty-seven children. Now, this is a very important fact, indeed, and must lead all fair-minded advocates of education to modify somewhat the criticisms they may have made touching the expenditure iu the South for education as compared with that in the North and West, for here it becomes palpable tha£ $2.78 per adult in Connecticut is equivalent to $5.30 per adult in South Carolina for the schooling of the children respectively in those States; nearly twice as much in one State as in the other. But this result is from an assumed uniform mean average standard of the cost of educating each child in the Union. Let us test the matter by a comparison founded on actual cost. Take, for instance, the States of Maine and Mississippi. In Maine there are fifty-eight adults to fortytwo minors in every 100 persons. In Mississippi there are forty-three adults to fifty-seven minors in every 100 persons. In Mainet tho educational expenditure per capita of the school population is $4.67 per annum. This enforces an annual expenditure for this purpose of $3.38 by each adult. All equal school tax of $4.67 per annum for each scholar, imposed upon the adult population of Mississippi would call for $6.19 from every adult —or "nearly twice what the adult of Maine must pay. It must surely be already apparent that this inequality of the educational burden created bF the disparity existing between the populations of various portions of our country can alone be met and remedied by some aid from the .general government. Careful tabulations from the census returns show that a school enrollment of 22.4 per cent, of the total population of Missouri amounts to Put 88.6 per cent, of tho school population of that State, fixing the standard of school age as between six and sixteen years; while a school enrollment of 22 per cent, of the total population of New Jersey is equal toj 101.5 per cent, of her school population. Hence, although Missouri has a somewhat larger percentage in school of her entire population than has New Jersey, yet she lacks more than 11 per cent, of having all her children of school age enrolled as scholars; while a slightly smaller per cent, of her total population places more than all the school age children .of New Jersey in school. So also Vermont, where a school enrollment of 22 percent, of tlie total population gives 109.5 per cent, in school of all of school age. Even in States situated so near to each other as Pennsylvania and New York we observe this inequality. In the former, where the school enrollment is 22.8 per cent, of the total population, it is but 99.4 per cent, of the children of school age, while iu New York 23 per cent, of the total population enrolled iu the .schools is 112.4 per cent, of her children of school age. Thus far have been selected for comparison some of those states the ratios of whose school enrollment to the total population wore about the same. But while these contrasts bring out very clearly the inequality in the burden of educating the children of our country, yet there are more marked illustrations at hand. Take t Arkansas, West Virginia and New York, for instance. Iu Arkansas the scfiool eniollment is 13.5 per cent, of population, and but 51.3 per cent, of the children of school age. At the same ratio a school enrollment of 23 per ceut. of total population in Arkansas would be but 87.4 per cent, of the children of school age. West Virginia has a school enrollment of 23.3 per cent, of total population, which is only 87.9 per cent, of her children of school age. Yet New York, as we have already seen, by an enrollment of 23 per cent, of her total population secures schooling for 113.3 per cenh —moie.than all —of her children of the school age. Let us now apply these facts practically, and thus reach a clearer understanding of the effect of this great disparity. The actual mean average cost of the schooling of each public school scholar In the United States is about $-10. Asj suraing then that the adult population of each State bear the burden of educating its children, and that all the children of school age iu each State are enrolled in the schools —ks they should be—let us ascertain how much the tax per capita would he on the adults bearing this burden in each State and Territory. In other words, let us discover how much in each State and Territory must every adult (male or female) pay every year in order to supply the $lO per annum that it costs to educate each and every child in that State or Territory. It would cost each adult in Montana, $1.93; in Wyoming, $2.12; Nevada, $2.12; Colorado, $2.20; Arizona, $2 34: New Hampshire, $2.78; Idaho, $3; Massachusetts, $3.23; Dakota, $3.30; Rhode Island. $3.22; California, $3.33; Connecticut. $3.27: Maine, $3.43; Vermont, $3 46; New York, $3.56; District of Columbia, $3.77; Washington, $3.94; New Jersey, $4.02; Michigan, $4.15; Oregon, $4.29; Delaware, $4.31; Pennsylvania. $4.26; Ohio, $4.55; Maryland, $4 55: Nebraska, $4.77; Minnesota, $4.70: New Mexico, $4.65: Wisconsin, $4.86; Illinois, $4.88; Indiana, $5, lowa. $5.10; Missoori, $5.28; Kansas, $5.32; Louisiana, $5.54; North Carolina, $5.67: Virginia, $5 30; Texas, $5.86; Kentucky, $5.65; Florida, $5.78; Utah, $6.07; Alabama, $6.12; Arkansas, $6.12; Georgia, $5.98; South Carolina, $5.98; Tennessee. $6: West Virginia. $5.86, and Mississippi, $6.28, while, massing the entire Union, the cost to each adult in it would be $4.70. If inequality in the burdens imposed in order to educate our children be any argument in favor of national aid to education—'and who will venture to deny it —then we have in these statistics positive evidence of very great and possibly hiterto unsuspected inequalities; inequalities of which none could be aware without a close and critical analvsis of the figures, the developments of which, as preyiously hinted, may well cause us to modify somewhat tho reproaches we may have felt inclined to cast upon some of our States for what seemed to be a lack of proper effort on their part in the direction of education. Let us examine the ratio of children enrolled ip schools to the adult population. That ratio is, in Alabama, 34.6 per cent.; Arkansas. 31.4; California, 35.2; Colorado, 17.7; Connecticut, 36.1: Delaware, 34.6; District of Columbia, 32.1; Florida, 35.8; Georgia, 42; Illinois, 50; Indiana, 54.3; lowa, 56: Kansas, 53.8: Kentucky, 36.3; Louisiana, 19.8: Maine, 40; Maryland, 31.4; Massachusetts, 33.5; Michigan, 44; Minnesota, 47.8; Missis sippi, 48.6; Missouri, 47.7; Nebraska. 45.5; New Hampshire, 31.3; New Jersey, 40.7; New York, 40. J3; North Carolina, 40,7 Ohio, 47.8; Pennsylvania, 42.2; Rhode Island, 30.2; South Carolina, 32.3; Tennessee,* 49.1; Texas, 25.2; Utah, 44.4. Vermont, 38; Virginia, 35.4; West Virginia, 51.8; Wisconsin, 50.4, and in tho entire Union, 42 per cent. Now, the mean average number of children in the United States enrolled in the schools being forty-two to every 100 adults, what is our surprise to find, in the figures just given, that every New England State, as well as New York, New Jersey and the District of Columbia, falls below this average, while on the other hand every Northwestern State (including Ohio, Missouri and Kansas), ns well as Mississippi, Tennessee and West Virginia, stands above it.* That in proportion to the adult population of those States, there are more children st school in Mississippi, Tennessee and West Virginia, than in any of tiie New England States, is, indeed, an astounding revelation. Supposing, then, the co3t of educating to adults in those States to be the game, it follows that each 100 adults in Mississippi, Tennessee and West Virginia are paying more to educate their children than is paid by the same number of adults in any New England state! At first sight these statistical results almost stagger one, and give rise to doubts of their accuracy. But a careful examination of them will satisfy any reasonable mind that these developments are veritahle facts, if the census returns and the school enrollment reported to tho Commissioners of Education are to be accepted—being based upon and directly collated from them. Even supposing the existence

of some deficiencies in the returns or some minor errors in the calculation, the general facts they reveal must be accepted as true. ♦“Notes on Virginia, Fourth American Edition N. Y. 1801,” p. 241. tSee Report of Commissioner of Education, for 1881, p. 40. ;The surplus of percentage being due, doubtless, to the attendance at school of some children beyond the school age prescribed by law BEHEADED BY A TRAIN. A Farmer’s Rashness Resnlts in His Meeting Death in Frightful Form. The New York express on the road, due here about 4 o’clock, yesterday afternoon ran over and killed a man whose name could hot be learned, near Reelsville, Putnam eounty, the accident being most horrible in its nature. The man who was killed was driving in a sleigh with a companion, and although warned by the other not to make the attempt, endeavored to cross the road in front of the train, which was approaching at the rate of forty mijes an hour. His companion jumped from the sleigh before reaching the crossing, and escaped death. The sleigh was struck full broadside and smashed to atoms, one of the horses being killed as well. The man was instantly killed, his head being completely severed from his body, and carried nearly a hundred yards to a bridge, through which it fell into a creek, and was afterwards found quite a distance below the point where it fell. Tho body was thrown off on the side of tho track, and was horribly mutilated. The dead man was a farmer who lived eight miles from Reelsville and had a family of ten children. •r-- - - - - DAILY WEATHER BULLETIN. i dflgfcf ■ Indications. War Department, 5 Office of the Chitcf Signal Officer, > Washington, Jan. 26, 1885. > For Tennessee and -the Ohio Valiey— Fair weather, warmer in the western portion, falling, followed by rising temperature in eastern portion, westerly winds. For the Lower Lake Region—-Colder, partly cloudy weather, local snows, followed by clearing weather, southwesterly winds, rising barometer. For the Upper Lake Region—Fair weather in the western portion, partly cloudy weather and local snows, followed by fair weather in eastern portion, slowly rising temperature, westerly winds. For tho Upper Mississippi Valley—Fair, generally warmer weather, westerly, shifting to southerly winds. For the Missouri Valley—Warmer, fair weather, except iu the extreme northern portion, where there will be partly cloudy weather, local snows and southwesterly winds. Local Observations. Indianapolis, Jan. 25. Time. Bar. Thor Hum. Wind. Weather) Rain. 6a. M ... 29.92 24~0 88 W Lt. snow .01 10 a. M 29.98,22.6 67, W Fair 2P. M.... 29.92 26.7 72 SW Clear 6P. M 29.90)28.9 89 SW Clear. 1 10 p. M-... 29.94)20.5 87 W Lt. now| .01 Maximum temperature, 22.2; Minimum temperature, 20.5. C>neral Observations. War Department, ? Washington, Jan. 25, 10.00 p. m. ) Observations taken at the same moment of time at all stations. W £ g is f* g* g | stations. £ g : g-3 . • s§:*£•: : : : : • ** • • a • • • • (Jj t i ; _j • **; i New Orleans, Vicksburg, Miss. 110.3.1 86 NW Clear. Fort Smith. Avk 80.28) 28 SW (Hear. Galveston. Tex 30.89) 42 N Clear. Little Rock. Ark 30.241 34 W Clear. Shreveport, La 30.35 34 NW .... Clear. Cincinnati. 0 29.95 25 W .... Fair. Indianapolis. Ind...‘ 29.95 21 W .01 Lt. Snow Louisville, Ky 80.00 30 SW Clear. Memphis, Tenn 80.20 30 W Clear. Nashville. Tenn 30.12 28 W Clear. Pittsburg. Pa 29.80 25 SW .02 Clear. Chicago. 111, 29.89 9 W Fair. Cairo. 11l 30.12 31 SW Clear. Davenport, la 130.08 9 W . Clear. Des Moines, la 30.18 3, NW Clear. Kookuk, la 30.13 6 1 NW ..... Clear. L, Crosse, Wia 29.99) —01 i NW Clear. Moorehead, Minn... 30.00) —15' NW Clear. St. Louis, Mo [30.141 29 W Clear. St. Paul. Mina 30.01)—08) W Clear. Springfield. 11l '80.11) 13) NW Fair. Leavenworth, Kan.. 30.20 13, NW Clear.. Omaha, Neb 30.88 2j W Clear. Yankton. Dak I Bismarck, Dak., 30.16—10 NW .Cloudy. Fort Buford, Dak.. 80.13 1) SE .OPFoggy. * Ft, Assiniboine, Alta 30.13 27, SW [Cloudy. Deadwood, Dak 30.17 26i SW .11 Cloudy. Fort Custer, Mont.. 30.18 31 SW Cloudy. Denver, Col 30.25 35 S Clear. Dodge City, Kan.... 30.26 18 W (Hear. Fort El hot. Tex.... 80.38 30 SW Clear. North Platte, Neb.. 30.23 8 S Clear. Las Animas, C 01.... 30.23 7 W Clear. Fort Sill. Ind. T I Stockton. Teat. 30.38 33 SW [dear. El Paso. Tex 30.40 34 W Clear. Key West, Fla Brownsville, Tex Eagle Pass, Tex Salt Lake City.U. T. 30.52; 19 SE Clear. EXPENSIVE GUESSES. The Beautiful Costumes Prepared for Mrs. Florence, Theo and Kliea. Washington Post. Do you know what actresses own the most expensive dres&os? No? 1 will tell you. They are Mrs. Florence, Mmo. Thoo .and Mile. Rhea. The new dresses worn last week in tho “Mighty Dollar’ by Mrs. Florence wore marvels of taste and beauty, but they were no more costly or elaborate than many others she possesses. Last year she valued her various dresses at $120,000, and I dare say they were worth it. I looked up the matter of actresses’ apparel once for • a New York newspaper. I took copious notes on the subject, struggled manfully with tho utterly unknown (to me) intricacies of dressmaking technicalities, and at last evolved the article. It never was published. I read it to the fashion editress of tho newspaper, and she, with withering scorn, told me that any man who didn’t know tho difference between a corsage and a corset ought never to attempt anything above polic-court reporting. I didn’t agree with her, but I cremated the article, and have gince left dressmaking and dress-wearing lore to tho writers who can’t write about anything else. From my notes taken at the time, I discover that Mrs. Florence’s most gorgeous dresses were one of mandarin-yellow satin, trimmed with jet embroidery; another of red brocade daroasque satin made in ‘‘princess’’ style (whatever that may be), with a design on the front of the skirt of a vine running from the top down (in strange contradiction to the laws of nature), composed of different colored stuff in green, pink, garnet, etc.; one of blue brocade and Magenta satin, adorned with an artistic arrangement of palms, bugles and blue amber, and another of fight-blue satin brocade, with a design in feathers, and embroidery of amber, garnet, and ruby beads. Mine. Theo went iuto raptures in displaying to me her costumes, and her two French maids said some very funny things about me, in blissful ignorance that 1 understood their every word. Theo declares that there are many better dress makers in France than M. Worth, aqd her finest snits are made by Felin and Virat, of Paris. I remember that she showed me a pink lace dress wii.h a pink satin underskirt, and marveled greatly that I wap ignorant that pink lace had never before been woru. I retyember, too, that I blushed when she showed me a —a corsage

I think it was; at any rate, it had lace strings 'at the byck—which she wears in the scene in “La Jolie Parfumeuse’’ wherein she retires to bed. Work a tit! Wages. Sharon, Pa., Jan. 25.—Notices havo been posted at the valley mills and furnaces to tho effect that after Jan. 31 the works will be closed down, owing to scarcity of orders and dullness of the iron trade. Kimberley & Co.'s nine-inch hoop mill will start up to-morrow. Beaver Falls, Pa., Jan. 25.—The Western File Works, which have been closed for several weeks, will resume to-morrow at a slight reduction in wages to all employes. Horsford's Acid Phosphats. HUNDREDS OF BOTTLES PRESCRIBED. Dr. C. R. Dake, Belleville, 111., says: “I ban prescribed hundreds of bottles of it It is ol great value in all forms of nervous disease which are accompanied by loss of power.” NO POISON IN THE PASTRY IF T7S££D. Vanllla,Lim>n,Ornnec, etc., flavor Oakes, Creams,Pa<l<llnKS,(l’c.,as delicately and naturally as the fruit from which they are made* FOR STRENGTH AND TRUE FRUIT FLAVOR THEY STAND ALONE. PREPARED BY TH* Price Baking Powder Co* Chicago, 111. St* Louis, ftSOMAKERS OF Dr. ftict’s Cream Caking Powder —AND— Dr. Price’s Lnpnlin Yeast Genu* Beat Iry Hop Tenut. WE MAKE BUT ONE QUAtfITV jjSTERBRDIJK’S Leading Nos: 048, 14. 130, 135, 333, 16U For Sale by all Stationers. THE ESTF.RDROOit GTEEL PEN CO., T TTrirt-a OnT-iAnri , .7 OR iohn Bt.. N>W York TM INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL FOR 1888. The Most Popular, Most Widely Circulated, and Mod •Comprehensive newspaper in Indiana. * . THE JOURNAL collects the news from all parts of-th© world, regardless of expense, and prints it in an attractive and intelligent manner. TIIE JOURNAL adheres politically to the Republican party because it believes that tha principles of that party are right, and that twen-ty-four years of successful and honorable administration entitle it to the respect and confidence of the people. THE JOURNAL has a special correspondent at Washington, who will send the fullest reports of news from the National Capital. This feature will be particularly looked after, now that the national administration is to pass into the contrbl of the Democratic party. This department of the Journal is of particular interest to Indianians. THE JOURNAL will give each day the fullest reports of tho proceedings of the State Legislature. THE JOURNAL of Mondays will contain the reports of the sermon preached by Rev. Dt Talmage, in the Brooklyn Tabernacle, the Sunday before. THE JOURNAL always contains the completest and freshest railway nows. THE JOURNAL prints complete and accurate Financial and Market reports—not only of Itidiauapolis, but of all the principal markets of the country. THE JOURNAL is the only paper In Indiana that, prints the full reports of the Western Associated Press, supplemented by special reports from all the principal towns and cities of tho State, and the coun try generally. These reports eipbrace the whole world, and cover every important event. THE JOURNAL is a newspaper, and as such commends itself to the people of all classes, parties and conditions. THE SATURDAY JOURNAL. THE JOURNAL* has made for a series of original stories for publication in tho SATURDAY EDITION, from such writers as Hjalmar H. Boyesen, W. D. Howells, Thoma* Bailey Aldrich, Sarah Orne Jowett, and others. This special feature will continue through the year 1885 in the SATURDAY JOURNAL. Subscriptions are received for this edition exclusively at Two Dollars a Year. The SATURDAY JOURNAL is a twelve-page paper, and is filled with the choicest reading. TIIE SUNDAY JOURNAL Is a pronounced success. Its columns are full of the best literature of the day, and the leading writers of Indiana and of the country contribute to its columns. It is sold for THREE CENTS, and is the best paper published in Indiana. THE WEEKLY INDIANA STATE JOURNAL Is the best Weekly in Indiana for the farmers and country readers. All the best features of tlje Daily and Sunday Journal are transferred to its columns, and it bas, specially prepared by a competent editor, a review of the news of the week, and a complete Farm and Household department The price of the Weekly is Onk Dollar a Yeah. Special terms to agents. For terms of subscription and advertising, for any of the issues of tho Journal, address JNO. C. NEW & SON, * Publishers The Journal, Corner Market and Pennsylvania streets, Indianapolis, Ind.