Indianapolis Journal, Indianapolis, Marion County, 3 February 1883 — Page 7

THE DAY’S RAILWAY SEWS. Vanderbilt's Aggressiveness Worrying the Pk’iinsjlvnuia People. Matters Moving Smoothly with Him 1., II & W. —Speculators, Not Earnings. llulliug or Bearing Stocks. Personal Points. Frederick Bell, of the Union Blue, who la wo’.l known in fust freight line circles, died at Chicago light before last. James McCrea. manager of the Pittsburg, Cincinnati Sc St. Louis lines, left yesterday morning tor Florida, to be gone ten days. W. B. Jerome lias been appointed Western passenger agent of the New York Central road, vice L. D. Heusner, resigned—his headquarters to le In Chicago. Master Mechanic Prescott, of the Vandalia, who lias been seriously ill Tor a couple of weeks. In better, and hopes to he able to attend to his usual duties by next week. P. G. Beam, lute passenger agent of the Haiti more St Onto road at Chicago, has been appointed general agent of the Chicago, Burlington A - Quincy road at **aii Francisco. 11. W, McCuue succeeds him on theft A O. Correspondence • egarding freight business on the Louisville. New Albany A' Chicago road now bears the signal urc of 10. P>. Siahlmnn, gem ral truthe manager, which tends to eonfiriu tin* report that the resignation of A. R. Southard, general freight agent, was bona tide. .C. K. Henderson, general manager, J. D. Campbell, general solicitor und A. Suily, secretary of the Indian i, Bloomington Sc Western Railroad Company, left last evening over the I. B. fc W. for the Bust. The two last named gentlemen go directly in to New York, and Mr. Henderson will return probably to-morrow. The most intimate friends of I). W. Caldwell, vice president and gt-.nerui manager of the Niekei-plnte. are sanguine that Mr. < aldwell will remain with tills road out a short nm. An officer high in aurhoritv onthe East Tennessee, Virginia Sc Georgia road recently stated that. tin* S3 miicate controlling that property w-re conflaeut that after July 1, 1883, Mr. Caldwell would be at the heud of the management of that property. Local Notes. Anew first-class freight engine was received this week for the Indianapolis division of the Y-, C. Sc Bt. L. lines, and iu a day or two u couple snore will arrive. The Lake Erie Si Western road is getting the cream of the cast -bound business out of Muncie, and the Bee Line people are considerably disturbed over tlie matter. There are indications that the former is not strictly adhering to rates. Court Holliday, agent of the Great Eastern at this point, is In high glee now that tie can take business for New York Great Eastern line is operating over thefl^■ I aware, Lnelca- •>., A- Western road betweea Buffalo and New York. Ine general manager of a western road this week applied to t in-Bald win locomotive works to build six locomotives, and was answered that they were full of work to about tin* Ist of August, and can only take orders for delivery efrer that date. The Vandalia comnanv is laying an independent track between Kuightsvllle and Brazil, to be used exclusively for their coal tradio, so heavy is the coal movement at times between these points that the passenger trains are frequently more or less delayed. Through its new traffic agreement with the Illinois Central the V.mdalia is doing a very handsome Southern business, fu rite month of January the latter brought Into Indianapolis 612 carloads of New Orleans freight, the shipments being made up of sugar, molasses, rice und frut i a. An official of the Louisville, New' Albany Sr Chicago road states that it will require thirty days r good weather to put the Chii go fc Indianapolis Air Line in shape to run trains over it at an ordinary speed. Much of the way. however, only additional gravel is needed, und u littli- surfacing up. A couple of Indianapolis parties are said to have got bitten by the bad break in the Nickelplate stock. It will be noticed that, the stock yesterday tumbled to 10 *9. These parties are said to have paid 37 for this Stock, thinking that AS Vanderbilt paid that price it would be a good Investment for them. The Indiana, Bloomington Sr Western managemant is considering the introduction of anew style of coach for Their night trains; the coach to have four sections, eight berth.*- in the center, ami eight reclining chairs, two at each end of the coach Parties who are to ride but part of the night can do so comfortably in the chairs. It is thought a combined coach of this character would be very popular with the traveling public. The Consol engines in service on the Indiana, Bloomington A Western have one lame point. The capacity >f the tender is not. large enough, more especially the water tank. The engines are hauling 50 per cent, more tonnage than the ordinary Height engine, and consume fuel and water in the same proportion that the ordinary engine does, consequently they are obliged to take coal and water more frequently, their tenders not being proportionately large with lire lucre;* “ed number of cars they haul There is more in the tulk that, the Cincinnati, Indtanupoii-, 8t Louis Sc Chicago road would shot ten their line ffr.tweeu IndntnupoliH ami (’hi cago than timr have been supposed. An official of the road yesterday, when ta king of the matter, remarked that by building an airline from .Lafayette to Atkinson they couln shorten the •line four miles. They now use the Lake Erie Si Western road the fourteen miles between these points, and really need an independent •line. Bor north of Iroquois the reduction in mileage could be the most advautugeously made. Avery feasible line has been surveyed, which, if built on, would shorten the distance sixteen miics to Chtrngo v leaving Kankakee to the west, a point which the road now makes an elbow to reach. Under the new arrangement engineers on the Indianapolis, Bloomington fc Western road are paid on the mileage basis. Freight engineers on the Peoria Sr 9t. Louts division receive l c ms per mile; passenger engineers 3 cents per mile. On the middle division Height engineers who run the ordinary freight •engines receive three and three-fourths cent s per mile, those who run the Consul-engine’* four cants per mile and pas aengerengineers lint two and three-fourths cents per mde. On the Ohio division freight engineers who run the ordinary freight engines receive three and one-half cents, those who run the Consol engines four cents per mile. On flits division passenger engineers receive but two and threefnurrhs cents per mile. Engineers who have the Choice of engines invariably take those that pay tlio smallest mileage, as they are the lighter trains atid delayed less on the road. General News. The New York Central Railroad Company nays a tax of $1,274,846.90 ou real estute, eapi ta! stock and earuiugs. Stock to the amount of $200,000 has been subscribed fur the construction of a railroad bridge over the Niagara river at the cataract. A trunk-line war is thought by many people to be the inevitable consequence of the invasion by Mr Vuuderbilt of tlic Pennsylvania ailroud territory. Tlie Grind Tru k lias just added 200 new Tiffany refrigerator cars to its equipment 10 accommodate tlie dressed-beef trade, which is continually increasing. The Canada Southern is experiencing a great deal of trouble 111 trims felling their trains at Detroit ami A mhe-st nurg from ice. The ferry - bouts move with difficulty. Tlie trunk-line roads are confident of winning lu their controversy with the Chicago Board of Trade. The Chicago Board of Trade is confident of tlie reverse proving true. The cotton shipments over the Houston A Texas Central road, the last four months of 1882. were the largest in the lilsrorv of the road, heini: 347,7Hu bales, against 220,261) iu 1881, und 280,500 in 1880. The roads leading to the anthracite coal mines are crowded with business.-Tne scare overt lie re riuoiug of theianir is said to be gradually wearing off’; iron mills are starting up, ami the severe •weather has greatlv Increased the demand iu the Middle mill New England .States. The. Atcblsdn, Topeka Sc Bantu Fe railroad has Appointed a commissioner to confer with tin* Legislature of Texas relative to the extension of its line into Texas. Toe unfavorable legislation of the Texas wise heads does not seem to serve the capitalists who are behind the A , T. Sr 8. F. R. F. Hawkins, of Springfield, Muss , lias contracted to hmlil two bridges across Lake Chnmplain at Rouse’s Point, recently authorized by Congress, for the Lamoille valley railroad extern •ion. The bridges are to ho about two miles in leugtit, of trestle work, with drawbridges, cribs, etc. In‘England ilftcen railroads are supplied with the Wostinghoiise air-i rike on 1,312 engines nud O.HHS cars; France, ten roods, 1,443 engines pnrt 8,360 cars; Belgium, oue road, 350 engine* and 2,006 cars; Germany, four roads, 05 engines

and 143 cars. Austrian, Russia, Holland. Italian, Swedish. Indian, New HoiltU Wales (Australian! and Victorian riwds have adopted Mie brake. In tlie United States 211 roads use it on 3,534 engines and 15,347 cars. The increase in the last, two years is 4,672 engine and 22,716 oar-brukes. COMES HOME WITH THE “ BLUES.” Aquilla Jones returned from the East yesterday, where be went to sell the Bedford, Hpringrille, Owensboro Sc Bloomfield road. He failed in doing this, although prospects arc favorable that it will be sold at an early day. Mr. Jones found that while there was a disposition to buy railroad stock and bonds there was a timidity in taking bold noticeable. Capitalists were holding thoir broach, he said, until the tariff question was settled. While absent, Mr. Jones visited Washington, and had a talk with the senators and representatives of Indiana as regards the tariff question, being greatly interested, us the property of the new steel rati mill depends upon a tuvoralde. settlement of the question at issue. WORRYING THK PENNSYLVANIA PEOPLE. Parties who are well posted in the affairs of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company state that President Roberts ami his associates are considerably disturbed over the hold Vanderbilt is getting in Pennsylvania, as ills investments are assuming vast proportions. Securing control of the Pniladelphia Sc Heading lias not satisfied him. Mr. Vanderbilt’s plans, already developed, are quite comprehensive. He is building a railroad which will give the Reading a northern and western outlet from Williamsport, and he has under way a branch from Jersey Shore to the Clearfield coal regions, where he has purchased a vast area of bituminous territory. This road may he extended to Johnstown, on the Pennsylvania railroad, to connect with the Baltimore A- Ohio extension at that place. I)ut the most lin port a m of all Mr. Vanderbilt's schemes is the South Pennsylvania, a road which will parallel the Pennsylvunia from Harrisburg to Pittsburg and Wheeling. This line will be somewhat shorter than the Pennsylvania, amt it will traverse a region rich in agriculture, ami mining. Negotiations are now going on iu tlie interest of Mr. Vanderbilt for tlie Pitrsburg & Lake Erie, which line will be very valuable to him when Ins railroad is completed, and there are other schemes, including an extension from Williamsport east to tlie Bradford county coal regions. CLEAR SAILING AHEAD. Alfred Sully, secretary, ami J. D. Campbell, gene.rul solicitor of the Indiana, Bloomington Sc Western road, both in conversation with a Journal re pouter, yesterday, stated that the syndicate which owned the property were well pleased with it us an investment, and that the stories they wanted to unload were mere “bosh.” If the Chicago, Burlington Sc Quincy or the Baltimore A Ohio people wautod the property, they, to get it, would have to pay what it was worth, and all talk sis regards official changes on the road were equally groundless. From the general manager down, every department was managed very satisfactorily, economically, and the business of the system was fully up to their expectation, and the earnings were such that they were a.de to pay their operating expenses, interest, etc., promptly. Never had i there been a time when there was not money j enough 111 the treasury to pay several months’ interest in advance. General Manager Henderson this week met President Garrett ami o:her high officials of the Baltimore Sc Ohio, hiu! was n-o-uied by tlie 111 that the ii. Sr O. would do everything reasonable to advance the interests of the L, B. Sc \\ ~ and went so far as to promise to haul a through conch for tlie L, B. Sc W. to New York when their line to that point was lully opened. SPECULATORS FIX THE VALUE OF STOCKS. A Bee Line official a day or two ago, when questioned l>y a Journal representative as to iue cause of the break m c. f C , C .Si I. stock when their business was so good and carried at paying rates, remarked that nowadays the prosperity of a road or its adversity had little to do with the value of its slock when in the hands of speculators; it was tint the business of tne roads which is immediately responsible for fluctuation iu prices, tint it is the business of the brokers, tlie largest operators, the speculative rings, gaud the manipulators of the confidence of the public, which is responsible. At the present time it seems that railroads are bunt that the contractors, first, may make large sums of money; next that the speculators on stock exchanges may manipulate their stock and securities as lo best meet their wishes The primary object of railroads is the transportation of freight and passengers at such rates as will afford more or less profit on the money invested in them. Os course those who construct them make as much innney as they can on thc.ir contracts. In the same way that builders make as mochas they can in the const ruction of houses. But after a railroad is built its mission is to serve the public upon such terms as can be agreed upon. Its protits depend upon the amount of business it does and the net earnings it derives trom that business. But the market juice does not contribute in tlie Hiightest degree to its business success or failure. It might to b; and in many cases doubtless is a fair criterion of actual value. But. it is not always ho, from the fact that, while the actual hu*iue*sof a railroad must be demons!rated m its earnings, the market price is a matter of tiekle opinion, which can be played upon In one direction or another to suit the selfish interests ot speculators. The Stock-Yards Report. The annual live stock report of tho Belt Railroad und rrauster Company is out, and furnishes some figures that will be of luierest ami cause some reflection on the part of those interested in the welfare of the city, especially with regard to establishing it as a market for live stock. The receipts of hogs for the year were 653,597, against 1,129,894 in 1881. a decrease of 476,297; shipments for 1882, 324,786; for 1881, (537,520, a decrease of 813,734. Receipts of cattle for 1882.114,74(5; for 1881,144,144. Sheep, 1882, 288.(598; 1881. 225,622. Horses, 1832, 15,987: 1831, 0.565. The largest receipts of hogs in any one day was 8,809 (Dec. 9); largest shipments, 4,125 (Jan. 4>. Since tlie road began operations, Nov. 12, 1577, to Dec. 31, 1882, the stockyards have received 5,319,611 hogs, 640,363 cattle, 849,136 sheep, and 50,795 horses. There are two causes Tor the decrease in hog receipts for last year as compared with the year preceding, the most pofem being tlie discrimination of certain railroads against Indianapolis in favor of Chicago. The prospects for this year, however, are better than ever before, and a large increase in the amount of stock received is couthleutly expected. Real Estate Transfers. Instruments tiled for record in the Recorder’s office of Marion County, Indiana, fur 24 hours ending at 5 o’clock l*. >t„ Feb. 2, 1883. as furnished by Elliott Sc Butler, abstracters of titles, room No. 3, /Erna Building; William Doud Culbertson to Clariudu ('ulbortsou, Ihe east h *lf of lot 7, in the town of Wellington SIOO.OO Lwov A. Stone to Charles L Kregelo, part of the east half of lot 4, in Brown’s subdivision of square 13, in tho clry of Indianapolis 3,104.99 Francis M. Churchman ot al. to Michael F. Clarke, part of the southwest quarter of section 7, township 15, north of range 4 east 400.00 Conveyances, 3; consideration $3,964.98 The Calhoun Case Completed. Tlie testimony in the Culboun investigation was completed yesterday, and brief arguments made by the attorneys. Mrs. Gale aud her two daughters were recalled, but nothing new developed lu their testimony. Councilman Pritchard testified relutive to tho character of the family, und pronounced it irreproachable. J. F. Wright, of the Sentinel, related the circumstances connected with the statement made to him by Miss Edith Jones. The post-mortem report will he made today, in effect that death resulted from pneumonia alone, und ilia case wilt lie taken under advisement by tne oorouer until Mojuluy or Tuesday. Divorces Wanted. Elijah and Margaret Jay were married In 1830. and the former now wants a divorce ou the charge of abandonment. Margaret Hay bases a plea for divorce from Henry, Hied-yefttnrduj*. on tim charge of adultery aud failure to provide reasonable support. They were married in 1875.

THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL SATURDAY, FEBRUARY P>, 1883.

STATE WOOL GROWERS. An Address from Governor Porter— Election ofOfticerrs. Suggestions Regarding Hie Tariff on Wool An HinUrteal Paper b> Mon. Robert Mitchell. At the morning session of tlie Wool Growers’ Association yesterday, a paper was read by Uriaii i’riviir, of Greonsburg, upon the number of sheep that may lie profitably kept to the acre, giving it as tiis opinion that twenty-flv© to each 100 acres would produce the best result, ne estimated that in Indiana this would give 5,000,000 of the 50,000,000 pounds of wool now annually imported. In the general discussion which followed the reading of the paper, it was thought that thirty sheep could he kept on eighty acres with more profit and as good results. GOVERNOR porter’s ADDRESS. Governor Porter addressed tho association briefly on matters relating to the sheep-raising unit wool-growing interests, staling in the course of his remarks that “Indiana is not. one of the great wool-growing Stales, yet the production of sheep for their wool and their flesh is steadily in- ! creasing. In 1880 the number of sheej* in tlie ; State, according to the United States census, was [ 1,029,270; in 1932, according to the report, of ; our Bureau of Statistics, the number was 1,<92,701. The wool-clip in the State was, in 1379, 1 3,891,125 pounds; in 1880, 4,330,(518, and 111 j 1892. 5,085,159. This shows a gratifying growth 1 of tins industry. The leading sheep-growing | county is Steuben, iu which, in 1832, there were , 38,319 sheen. Lagrange had in that. vear33.919; j Adams, 32,436; Owen. 28,(532; Elkhart, 27,629. In taking any considerable number of years as a 1 standard, it is believed that 110 industry furnishes better returns than skillful sheep-growing. While 1 food and raiment shall b * wanted, there wid be a demand for mutton and wool. Highly improved as our breeds of sheeji have become, there is none that satisfies all rite conditions desired. We want a breed that will unite great weight and a flue quality of flesh with increased Weight and excellence of fleece. We want it also to possess the quality or hardiness, and, while not flourishing under great neglect, not to require quite that nicety of care demanded by some of the most select breeds. Wo want what is best in tlie Merino, the Cotswold and the Sout hdown combined in a single stock. Exertion will not stop until such a breed is produced.” “The great demand abroad for American beef and pork should, I would think, incline us to raiso sheep more for their flesu than wo have ever done. We should produce a mutton that, for superiority of quality would create a large demand for it abroad. And it would seem to me that near our cities it would be profitable to raise our sheen with more particular reference to superiority of flesh than in tlie country districts. Wecoulu soon create a demand for Southdown man on that would place its price in our J city markets much higher than the 11 sh of tho ! common sheep. The trouble is now that so little of it ever reaches our Indiana markets that our 1 tastes are uneducated, ami a foundation for a | proper discrimination has not been laid. Mr. I Webster, it is well known, was fond of the pleas--1 tires of the table. At his dinners the best cuts of ! Southdown mutton always figured conspicuously. And I remember once having heard Henry ( Winter Davis say that, though lie had often , heard Mr. Webster speak, he had never heard himsjteak so eloquently as when once, at a dinner given by Mr. Webster to Mr. Clay ami other distinguished guests, Mr. Webster held upon his fork tlie choicest bit of a Southdown roast, and discoursing upon the history of the Buibdowu breed, and upon the choicest parrs for the table, he passed, with a lofty grace, to Mr. Clay the choicest bit of all. Let there be placed in our butcher shojw this superior quality of mutton, and it will not be long until tlie public palate will be cultivated to the point of paving the price lor it that will repay the farmer for tho cost ami pains of producing it.” Tlie remarks of the Governor upon tho inferior 1 quality of uiuttou presented on the market led { to a general discussion of the matter, ami sev- | oral me 111 tiers of the association stated only the | third-class sheep were purchased by the. butch- ; era for the homo market, while the best were 1 exported. Governor Forter participated in the | discussion, and questioned the members of the j association upon matters relating totheoheepraising interests. Morris Howland gave it us his opinion that a cross-bred sheep was tlie best for general purposes, hut Robert Mitchell was opposed t<* crossing and favored, instead, Southdown breeds. I)r. Jonathan Cotikle, of Castleton, rend a paper upon tlie question, “Is it Profitable to Pasture Wheat with Sheep?" giving it. us his opinion that, under favorable circuiustauces, it was desirable. The schedule of tlie tariff commission fixing the tariff 011 wool was opposed, after a prolonged discussion, ami u resolution was adopted requesting the legislature to amend the dog law, making il a penal offense for any person mu to report the number and sex of dogs owned by them. The election of officers for the next year resulted us follows: president, Feldtng Beeler, city; vice president, Mex M. Hanna, city; secretary, J. W. Kobe, Greeucustle; and treasurer, 8. W. Dutigan, Johnson county. The names of 8. .3. Ritchie, Cal Darnell aud J. L.Thompson were proposed as experts, with the request that the State Board of Agriculture would select one of the number to Judge tliu sheep aud wool exhibit of the forthcoming Btuio Fair. Messrs. I Q. Prigr, Morris Howland and C. Mathews were appointed a committee on programme for the next animal meeting, and at 3 o’clock tlie association a tjourued to meet uu tho lust Tuesday iu May, 1883, breeds of Sheep and Their Origin. Tlie following paper upon “Breeds of Sheep aud Tlieir Origin,” which is particularly valuable in its historical treatment of the subject, was read before the State Wool Growers’ Association by Hon. Robert Mitchell, of Princeton, lud., and in its relat ion to sheep husbandry, possesses extraordinary interest: Mr. President ami gentlotneu of the Indiana Wool-growers’ Association—On presenting this paper to you upon tlie breeds ot sheep aud their origin, I of course have t draw' from many authors on sliecphusbaudry. In tlie earliest records of the world, it is apparent that the value of tlie slu-ep was understood, and that the care of it was aiming the first of human labors. The offerings of gratitude made by the first human family to tho Author of tlieir being consisted of the first fruit of tlie ground und the firstlings of the flock, and we are specifically told that the former of these brothers was a tiller of the ground aud tholattor a keeper of sheep. Blacklook, a distinguished witter, appropriately observes that no animal vanes more than tho sheep and none adapts itself so speeedily to climate It. would almost appear that nature, convinced of its grea l utility, had bestowed upon it a constitution so pi in 111 as to enable it to accommodate itself to uuy point iu a wide scale or temperature. For though Its natural situation as a wool-hearing animal, like that of man, appears to be the wine countries, yet, with him. it bus spread to every part of the globe, being impressed at every change with some peculiarity, alterable only 1 by a change of situat ion aud varying, we might affirm, with tho weather. Changes occasioned bv climates are always limited to tho floeoe, horns and disposal of the fat, and never extend to those parts on the permuneuce of which the animal depends for its station in me scale of being, as the teeth, the feet aud the digestive organs. Under such circumstances, says Canfield, “it cannot be expected that we can trace the origin of the different breeds ot sheep, uiul as to the qualities and management ot any of the ancient breeds, we only know tv hat is furnished -by tlie Bible and by Greek ami Roman writers; und so meagre are tho accounts winch they furnish of the different breeds, that anything like a regular history of the sheep is entirely out of the question.” THE DOMESTICATION OF BIIEEP. As the sheep has been widely disseminated throughout Europe, Asia, Africa aud America, and as its young urc easily tamed, aud its milk, tiesh and pelts were extremely valuable to man in all ages, we may well suppose that it was one of the first quadrupeds which was domesticated. And as there is no animal which contributes more to the welfare auu comfort of man than sheep, so also there is no oue which requires more care and attention from him. The sheep in a state of complete domestication appears equally as stupid as it is harmless, and *et ms nearly to justify the observation of Riiff.ui. whi! describes it as “one of the most timid, imbecile and contemptible ot quadrupeds." When sheep. however, have an extensive range of pasture, and .ire left In a considerable degree to depend on themselves for food und protection, they ex mbit more respectability of ohuracter. This i.inalogous to what we may observe in the human species. By domestication ami tender cure, Mu sheep Is rendered imbecile. 80 our oliildrou can

be made effeminate and inefficient by keeping them from occasions to develop tlieir men fat anil phvsfen! powers, is it not much so with the sheep? When trained to take care of tuemaelves a ram has been seen to attack aud beat oft'a large and formidable dog. ami even a bull bus bt-en felled to the ground by a stroke received between his eyes as he was lowering his head to receive his adversary on bis norns and toss Idm into the air? And when individual efforts are unequal to the danger, sheep will unite their ex ertlons, placing the females ami their young in the middle of an irregular square. The rams will station themselves so as to present an armed front on every side to the enemy, and will support their rank* in the crisis of an attack, hnrrassing tlie toe by the most formidable and sometimes fatal blows. Such sheep, too, especially' display considerable sagacity iu the selection of tlieir food, and in the anprouoli of storms they perceive tlie indications with accurate precision, and retire for shelter always to tlie spot which is best aide to afford it. Iti tlie early* ages of tlie world flocks of sheep constituted a large proportion of the wealth of tlie people. In Palestine they were verv numerous. It !-• stated that Job had 12.090 sheep, besides oxen ami camels. When tne 12,000 Israelites made an excursion into Mldian, tlie.v brought a way (575,000 sheep. When tlie tribes of Reuben and Gad 111 ido war with the H tgarites, their spoils amounted to 250,000 of these animals. The King of Moah rendered a yearly tribute of 200,000 sheep to the Jew*, ami at r lie dedication or the temple Solomon offered 120,000. 'Travelers have seen immense flocks of sheep in the neighborhood of Aleppo, and Dr. Shaw says that several of tin* Arabian tribes, who can bring 110 more than 300 or 400 horses into the field, are possessed of more than as many thousand oxen and camels and treble that number **f sheep and gnats. Having thus given a short history of tlie origin of sheej*, I will now take up tho breeds, uud tho first will bo THE ASIATIC AROALIC SHEEP. “This sheep," says Pallas, “inhabitates the elevated steppes of Southern Siberia and tho moun-tain-chains of Central Asia.” According to a statement in tlie Farmers’ Library a few years since, two fine specimens of this animal, a male aud a female, wero placed in tlie British Museum, and may be regarded as among tlie most valuable and interesting of Its zoological treasures. “Till we saw them," says Mr. Youatt,” “we bad no idea of so gigantic a sheep. Huge, massive, heavy and powerful is the Argali of Siberia; an ox, us it were, in stature, but a sheej) in form and character. The male stands four feet in height at the back, and measured from tlieeml of the nose to the end of the short little tail over the head and neck, is seven sees nine inches. Tiie circumference of tlie horns at lhe base is nineteen inches, and each horn measured from its base along tlie curve to the tip, three feet eleven inches. The horns are furrowed with deep transverse wrinkles, and are boldly' spiral, diverging somewhat laterally. The limbs of the sheej! are compact and well turned; ttie tail is short and the ears are small. The female specimen is smaller in stature than the mule, and the horns are considerable less, both us to length and weight. The horns of the male nr** triangular and eotivex on the upper apex. Those of the female are more compressed. The jielt is de**i. close and full. Ifs tint is a grisly’ brown. The lambs below the knee are whitish; the lip* arc grayish and the thii grayish. Probably the color varies at different seasons of the .year, as is generally’the ease among wild sheej). The Argali lives in troops and is extremely active and vigorous hold and resolute. In spring and autumn the rivalry of the mules is excitdd, and they engage in desperate conflicts, striking each other on the head with such violence that, thev often break oft' each other’s horns, massive und solid fl they are fixed on the skml. It is said that even the foxes and other’s mull animals may take shelter in the hollow of these horns ou their being separated from the dead animal. Colonel 11. Smith speaks of tho Caucasian Argali ns Paving horns three feet long, and so heavy and 1111•i.anageable when lying on the ground that ho found it difficult to place them in such a position hr to give a correct idea or tlieir appearance when on the skull. Mr. Kotsbue says: “Tho K unseliurkan sheep, whieh is supposed to be a diminished variety of the Argali, is amazingly fleet and active, exhibiting itself on the loftiest pinnacles, and achieving, like chamois, prodigious springs among the rocks and precipices, umi in preparing for these leaps its eye measures the distance with surprising accuracy.” THE ROOKY MOtTNTATN SHEEP. The Rocky Mountain sheep inhabit the lofty olmiu from which they derive their name, from its northern termination in latitude (>3 3 to about latitude 48°, and perhaps farther south. They also frequent tlie elevated and cragged ridges with which the country between the great mountain range and the Pacific coast is intersected, but they do not seem to have advanced farther eastward than tlie declivity of the Rooky Mountains, nor are they found iu any of the hilly tracts near Hudson’s Bay. They collect 111 herds,of from thirty to forty young rams and females, herding together during the winter and spring. Mr. Drummond Informs us that tlie Bocky Mountain sheen exhibited the simplicity of character so remarkable in the domestic species, but that where they had been often it rod at, they were exceedingly wild, alarmed their companions on tiie approach of danger by a hissing noise, and sealed the rocks with a spued and agility that baffled pursuit. Some naturalists have supposed that tills variety of the sheej) family is substantially the same as the Asiatic Argali, but of diminished stature. Others dissent from t lits opinion, not only on account of its size but of a difference In tne curvature of the horns. Those who maintain it imagine that some of the Argali originally pussed Behring’s Strait on the ice to the A men cun continent. “The fat-rumped sneep,” save Dr. Anderson, “resemble one another bv Ua . ing—particularly the males—a solid mass of fat formed upon the rump, divided, ms it were, into two hemispheres, which take the form of tho hips, with u little knob of a tail 111 the middle. Borne of them have horns, nut others do not Its covering is a mixture of hair and wool. Some of tiie breeds weigh us much as 2<>o pounds, and the mass of tut formed on the rump varies from a tenth to a fifth part of the entire weight. In tho neighborhood ot Caucasus, the hiud quarters are salted as hams and sent in huge quantities to the northern part of Turkey. It lias been supposed by some writers that this breed tuny lie tlie same as that which was bred by the Patriarchs, in the da vs of Abraham and Moses. Tho sacred jennran mentions mat Moses took the tar and tho riunj), ana all the fat which was upon 1u in wards, and burned them upon the altar fur a burnt offering. Tint SHEEP OF THIBET. The sheep of Thibet, winch are very numerous are chiefly a small variety of tlie fat-ruiupcd Persian and Abyssinian, with black heads and necks. Homo are hairy, with short wool underneath, while others bear a long, soft an.l ft no wool. It is from tho latter that many of the costly Indiuu shawls are made. Not a little of tills pecular wool finds its wuy to British India, and is there manufactured Thin breed is found iu its purest state in the deserts of Great Tar turv; no other variety being near to contaminate its blood. It Touches tar into tiie interior and northern p-irtsof Russia, and is much disseminated in China, Persia, Ilmdortan, Asia Minor ami eastern Africa as well as Thibi-t. in Palestine it is more numerous thit 11 any other breed; indt-ed me largest proportion of tha siu-ep of northern Asia being of this description. Professor Pallas conjectures that this <*harucL**r arises in tiie fat-rumped sheep from their feeding upon tiie hitter and saline jdants found upon the borders of the Caspian and Black seas Ad he asserts that when they are removed from tin* places where these plants grow the faMy excrescence becomes less But Cali tie Id says, us the fat-rumped and fat-tailed sheep are varieties which are widely dispersed, it seems more probable that they may have been produced by accident. and may also have been perpel mitod by accident, design or fancy. Tne fat-tailed sheen ts very extensively diffused; it is found throughout Asia and a great part of Africa, as \v-ll as through the northern parts of Europe. They differ, like other sheep, 111 the nature of their covering, lu Madagascar, and in some other hot climates, they are hair; at tho 4'ape ot Good Hope they are covered with coarse wool; in tlie L< vant their wool is extremely fine. The proportion which the weight of the tail in some of these sheep bears to the whole carcase is quite remarkable. The usual dressed weight of tho sheet* is from fifty to sixty pounds, of which the tall is said to leaks mots than one-fourth part. Russel describes two breeds of fat-tailed sheep about Aleppo; in one tho deposit of eatidul fat is mod* t - at.e, in ills other 6rt (he tail is much huger. Tho unctuous fat of tlie tails of t hose sheep is n counted ;i great delicacy alike by tlie Bo* rs and the Hottentots of southern Africa. The Hottentots, in tlieir primitive condition, possessed immense flocks and pursued tho pastoml arts with great, sucresa. THK CRETAN SHEEP. This Riieep is said to prevail xll Wullnehln, Hungary, Austria ami the western portions of Asia, hat along tho Danube it is, or rather was, the principal habitant. It is of the long-tailed varl oty, though without any great tendency to a

fatty enlargement of tho tail. On the face the hair ts short and of a rusty black; on the body tho wool is white aud loug, perfectly straight, that is. Has no spiral curve; thick set and wiry, and is much mixed with hair, its horns are verv large, adding greatly to itsstriklng and picturesque appearance. The itorns of tiie male rise almost perpendicularly from the skull, m iking a series of spiral curves in tlieir ascent, while in the female they diverge, taking a lateral direction and then ascending. This variety of sheep is said to be vicious and unruly and of great strength. Tt has considerable resemblance to the Persian sheep ami black-faced heath-breed of Scotland. Tlie pure Cretan breed of sheet* at present is not very common, even in the above countries, as it has neen-unxed, or has been superseded by tiie introduction into them of tho Merino. “Tne Iceland slioep,” says Zouatt, “that have come under my personal observation are of to:erab*y larger size and strongly built. Their fleece consists of coarse hair externally, with an under layer of close wool. Their horns are generally four in number, sometimes six. or even eight, ami this is the more remarkable as the Iceland eows and oxen are mostly piffled." Tlie notices of tin* wild and Oriental breeds of sheet) here introduced arc designed rather to gratify curiosity natural to persons 011 such a subject in rural life than to subserve Tin* inter ests of agriculture, und to learn bow tlie influence of climate and sou and food can produce so many varieties from a single stock, us seen in tho sheet) fan ny. THK MUTTON BREEDS. Randall classes the mutton breeds as follows: The Leicester*, Cotswolde, Now Oxfordskires, 8011th downs, Hampshire downs, Shropshire downs, and the Oxfordshire downs. Tiie Leicester*, nmier the most favorable circumstances for their development, perhaps excel others in earliness of maturity, and none make hotter returns for the amouut or food consumed by them. But they require* better shelter, keep uud care than any other variety. The owes are not so prolific, nor so good nurses as those of the other iniiitou families, and tlieir lambs, when tir-d dropped, demand a good ileal of attention. Tho mutton is only medium in quality, ami owing to its great amount of outside Tat, is not genera! v sought to sujipiy American tallies. The origin of this sheep owes 'nuoh of its excellence to the sagacity and skill of the celebrated breeder, Mr. Bakowell Tiie Lincolnshire, tho Dorsetshire, the Gloucestershire, and the New Oxfordshire ate large, coarse-wooled and course-boned sheej), which nave their partisans in particular uiatricts, and are much crossed and intermixed with others, but have not attained tlie env able distinction of being improved so as to form a distinct ami extensively pojmlar race. Tho Cots wolds are a larger, hardier and more pro uio sheej) than the preceding, and the e wes are better mothers. They furnish a valuable combing wool, and are a decidedly favorite sheep with the breeders of long wools in the United States. The Cotswolds, as a breed, ureof great antiquity. Tho South downs, the original-Sussex or South downs, have probably the purest blood, free from admixture during the long period which covers the rise, ami development, of the British wool manufacture and the increase of meat production ot any British sheep. Their lhiferovonient has been long continued, and is stilt oonttnuing, apparently without the necessity o'ffi'ecurreiiee to any foreign blood for amelioration of a singhs objectionable point. Tlie Hump.-liire downs—tills family is the result of a crus* between the Southdown and a slmrt-woolod English variety of greater size and better constitution. Some writers conjecture that they have also n slight infusion of Cotswold blood. They me coarser lu appearance than the Smith downs, ami their mutton sells half a cent less per pound in the market, but they possess nearly ail tlie good qualities of tiie former and are Hardier. They at i-favorites in many parts of England, hue have not been introduced extensively into tho United States. The Shropshire downs, like tho preoeditqr, have been produced by a South down cros*-; is a very hardy short wooled stock, ami most of the flocks have also a dip of the Leicester and the Cotswold blood. I hov arc nearly as large us the last-named families, aud they promise to unite, to tin uncommon degree to*-good qualities of the short and long wools, being larger than the former amt hardier, and tlu* ewes are highly prolific and are excellent mothers. Superior specimens of them are to bo . found In tlie United States and Canada. The j Oxfordshire flown is comparatively a modern family; is of across between the * Hamnstiiro 1 down or the South downs and Cotswold, and the | statements above made in respect to the siiropshires will apply equally well to them, though the tw* families vat v 111 appearance ami in several of tlieir minor qualities. The Cheviot and Black-faced sheej) ot Scotland have peculiarities which entitle them to a brier notice. Both kinds arc of moderate size and good snap**, weighing, j when dsessed, fioui twelve to twenty pounds to a quarter. Tlieir wool, especially that of the Black-faced, is of very inferior qualify. They are thrifty and tlieir mutnui is of the best quality, commanding a high price, from its resemblance iu tHsto to veui“on, and is much sought after by epicureans. They are hotli well adapted to the cold and mountainous regions of the country They inhabit. Ou the upper part of the lull in Nor'huiuherland, which Is properly termed the Cheviot, is tlie central locality of tlie sheen called by that name. They have been there from time immemorial. This* brand, however, has gr. fitly extended itself throughout Scotland, ami also into Wales. They are without horns and with race und legs white. MERINO SHEEP. Tlie original importation of Merino slioep into the United States, from Spain, included all the most prominent Cabanas of that country. But, as a general thing, the different families, even when preserved pure from foreign admixtures, 4 were crossed promiscuously with each other. The Saxon, French uud Silesian Merinos were ot later importation. Os the original Spanish stock bat two are now icproKcuted by distinct families, namely, the Infinitude and tho Puulur. These sheep, originally Imported by Colonel David Humphreys, of Connecticut*, have been preserved pure to the present day. They are a fourth, ii not a third heavier than tlieir Hpuuish ancestors, and are the largest family of Anierionn Merinos. It may not be out of place here to give 11 short history of how the first Spanish .sheep was brought into Lie United States. Tlie following Is from tlu- pen of Mr. William Jarvis: “In 1801, General Humphrey, being then minister jdenipoiontiary at the court of Spain, pur chased 200 of these sheep in that country, and stopped them for tlieir place of destination. They arrived in the spring <r 1802. ft seems to have been a custom at tlie Spanish court, when a foreign minister was recalled, on taking leave, a present was made to mm of five or teu liars of gold, each bar weighing a jiouml, or thereabouts. But, as the law ot his own country forbids any minister taking presents from a tor eign government, lie declined this overture, and suggested to tne Spanish minister that royal license be granted to take out of the kingdom *2OO Merino sheep, which would hi* a great gratification to him. This the Spanish minister stated could not he done, but intimated to tin* General that if lie wished to take them out no obstruction shoiiul be thrown In his way. The sheep were accordingly procured and forwarded." In conclusion, the acuteness of the sheep’s car, savs the Ettrick Shepherd, surpasses all tilings in nature that 1 know of. A ewe will distinguish her own lamb’s bleat among a thousand, all braying at tlie same time. The distingiiishmcnt of voice is perfectly reciprocal between the cwo and Lie lumb, who, aiuid the deafening sound, run to meet one another. There urc few things that have ever amused mo mot e than a sheepshearing, when the sport continues the whole day. We put the flock into a fold, set out all the lambs to the hill, and then set out tin* ewes to them as they arc shorn. The moment that a iamb hears the voice of its dam ir rushes from the crowd to meet her. but instead of finding’ the rough, well-dad, comfortable mamma w hich it left an hour or a few hours ago it meets a poor, naked, shivering—a most dejflorahle looking creature. It wheels about, ami uttering a loud, tremulous bleut of despair, flees from tlie frightful vision. Tiie mother's voice arrests its flight; it returns—flics—ami returns again, generally for ten or a *loz *n times beiorc the reconcilement is fairly made up. See display advertisement of Nlcoll, the tailor, 33 and 35 South Illinois street. GRA.TEFU L—COM PORTING. K IJPS’S1 J PS’S COCOA. BREAKFAST. By a thorough knowledge of the nu'ural laws which govern the operations of digestion und nutniion. and by a careful application of t he fine properties of well-selected Coem, Mr. Epps lias provided our breakfast fables with a delicately flavored beverage whieii may save us many heavy doctors* bills. It is bv the judicious use of such art tides of diet that a constitution may be gradually built up until strong enough to resist every tendency to disease. 11 tiudreds of subtle m il idi s are tl mting around us ready t • attack wherever there is a weak point. We may escape mativ a fatal shaft bv keeping ourselves well fortified with pure blood and a properly’ nourished frame.—[Ulvtl Set vice Gazette. Made siiujffy with boiling water or milk Sold in tins ouly (Vq lb. and lb. by grocers, labelled thus: JAMES EPPS Sr CO., HoiiiicopathU) f’licimsts, London, Bugluiid. CROWN JEWEL FLOOR.

REMEMBER THIS, IP YOU ARE SICK. Ts you are sick. HOP BITTERS will surely nidi nature m making you well again when all olsi fails. If you arc comparatively well, but fool the need ot a grand tonic and stimulant, never rest easy tili you are made anew by ths uee of HOP BITTERS. If you are costive or dyspeptic, or are stifforering from anv other ot tin- numerous di-case-i of the stomach or bowels, It is your own ;ault ts you remain 111. for HOP BITTERS arc a sovereign remedy in all such complaints. It you arc wasting away with any form of Kidney disease, stop temjititig death this uiomout, aud tutu for a cure to HOP BITTERS. Ts you are sick with that terrible sickness. Nervousness, you wili dud a “Balm ;n Gilead” in 1 he use of HOP BITTERS. Ts yon are a frequenter, or :x resident of a miasmatic district, barricade your system against tin* scourge of all countries—malarial, epidemic, bilious, uud intermittent fevers bv the uso oi HOP BITTERS. Ts you have rough, pimply, or sallow skin, bad breath, nains and aches, and feci miserable gon- | * rally, HOP BITTERS will give you fair skin, I rich blond, the sweetest breath, health and comfort. In short, they cure ALL diseases of Li i Btomach. Bowels. Blood. Liver. Nerves, Ktd , ueys. etc., and SSOO will be paid for a case tlie.v Mill not cure or help, or for anything impure or injurious found in them That poor, bedridden, mva. and wife, sister, mother nr daughter, can bn made the on 1 urc or Health uy a tow bottles of HOP BI IT ERS, costing but a trifle. Will you let. tncin suffer? Cleanse, purity and enrich the blood with Hop BITTERS, ami you will have no sickness or Buttering or doctor’s bills to pay. PURE DRINKING WATER. THE GATE CITY STONE FILTER A Tills is the best f'/r world Will re!/v. us move all impuri* tics and render 0 hydrant, well or fertly pure ami . 'a.-J whoiesotne. Tho fTT ‘ material tiirough BWBwgW’i' ' -3 which the water al stone. and 1 never io-es its tll- . 'JB 1 DTing power. In 9H99KflyWK3t£. iH l tins climate no T3B ] one should drink ttßMWßnjy I untittered water WMgßf V- j tr tlie.v would Yj avoid typhoid fe r'mSlr'" j and many n ? other maladies. .iPi j ~ ~ < ** > *T|] ’ hrl ’ er at No. Ross Bi’k, whole* it is ou sale. Agents wanted. GEO. 18. WRIGHT & CO.

c. ; i A Sl, SieverTaTu^

I* unfailing and fnfalllb.e in curing EpileptlO i Kits, Spasm-. Convulsions. St Vitus Dance. Alcoholism. Opium Eating, Spermatorrhoea, Seminal Weakness, Impotenev.Syphilis. Bcr<f--ula and ul! KervoiiH and Blood I Mseases. To Cler*gymen Lawyers, Literary Men. M•• rchnntM, Bankers, Ladies and uil whoso sedentary employment causes Nervous Prostration, Irregularities of the blood, stomneh. Imwels or Kidneys, or who require a nerve tonic, appetizer or stimulant. SAMARITAN MJ aIN ts te* invaluable Thousands proclaim it tho most wonderful Inviurorant that ever su>tain|ed tljr* sinking system. For sale by all - Drug

THE DIE 8. A. RICHMOND MEDICAL CO., Mot- i...,~rt*t•*>•. *<t. no,e P h. ytn.

“ HAS BEEN PROVED i The SUREST CURE for I KIDNEY DISEASES.! Docs alamo back or disordered urine indi- ® e oato tlxat you aro a victim V THEN DO NOT £ HESITATE; uso Kidney-Wort at ouee, (drugC gisto recommend it)and it wnllspeodily over- w w come tho disease and restore healthy action. a> ® I orliAC Far complaints peculiar > x:j LcJUlt-b# to your sex, such as pain J *■* aid weaknesses, Kidney-Wort is unsurpassed, ► £ aa it will act promptly and safely. 51 “I Either Sex. Incontinence, retention ofurine, © 2'brick dust or ropy deposits, and dull dragging c olnains, all speedily yield to its curative power. 2 <Us. SOLD BY ALB DRUGGISTS. Price sl. * waMipmami

|| SILK

Cures SCROFULA. Cures SORES. Cures ULCERS. Cures BOILS. Cures ERUPTIONS. Cures CATARRH. Cures ECZEMA. Cures RHEUMATISM. Cures SKIN DISEASES. Cures BLOOD DISEASES. Swifts Specific Removes all Taint, HEUKMTA.KY OU OTHDP.WISi:, Swift’s Specific Is the Grout BLOJD REMEDY of the age. Write f*r full part* ularft, ami little pnok “Me* sage to tlie Unfortunate Suffering." fyjpl.OOO REWARD will be paid to m chemist who will discover on analysis ot hu bottles 8. 8. 8. one narttelc of Mercury. lodide o Potassium, or other mineral substance. SW Hi 9 PEC IFIC CO., Proprietors, Atlanta, G:;. Price of Bma.l Size . sl.oi Prtoe of Large Size 1.75 BOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS. Ai’cacts Mills. Nftw Process'

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