Indiana Gazette, Volume 6, Number 21, Corydon, Harrison County, 9 May 1822 — Page 2

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To tfic Editor of t,e Indiana Gej. Wamuhoto CiTt, April 16. GENTLEMEN: Few Sessions or Congren, since the commencement 'if the goretnmr.t, have taken tip Hiore bUiir.cs of great national importance, than the prudent. The ra tio and apportionment of repressntation for the present census, occupied its early attention. The dt&culties incident to this subject, the diversity sf interests in various sections oftlie Union, tr.d the consequent diUVrencc cfepinien in relation to the numbtr proper fcr the House ct Representatives, together with the delay occaaioned by the want cf returns from lame district?, retarded the passage of the apportionment bill until a late period of the Session, and the legislatures of several States; will have special Sessions during the present year, lor the purpose uf forming Congressional districts. The members elected under the jMCfccot census, will take their seats in the next Congress the ratio is fixed at 40,000. The State cf Indianais en titKd to three members, and the legislature have done wisely, in anticipating the number and in districting the State, thereby bvoiding the necessity an extra Session for that purpose. On th formation cf the Government under the Constitution of the United States, the Ik-use of Representatives consisted of 5 members. For the first census, the number was increased to for the second to 141; for the tliird io 101, and for the present-, the fourth census, it will be crgarized vith 2lJf; making in a little more than 40 years, in Increase of more than double its original number, while the ratio of representation has risen from thirty to fartf thousand The popu!a 'on, according the census of 1790, W&s 3 921,323; 'that of 18CG, was 5,J i) 762; that cf 1810, 7,239,902; md that of 1820, is 9,637,599 Tims in the short ? pace ot 40 years, al.uost tripling our population, while the nations of the eld world, are in this rcspect cn the ebb and ft w, sometimes increasing, and somtunnes decreasing! Is plenty or famine, peace or war, happen to fever or frown upon human life. The bill for the organization of a Territorial Government for the Fiori das, although reported at an early pew rtod, did not until lately become a law. A proposition for the annexation of West Florida to Alabama, was made by the .Legislature cf that State, and Was much pressed in the Senate. The policy too of annexing East Florida to Gt rgia, was spoken of; but their limits are not changed, and the bill for their government, recognises the same bound&ries thry had in the hands of Spain. The bankrupt bill, a measure almost as important to the commercial interests of the cui, as our land bill of Us; Session to us in the west, was ctrcnglr t:rged upon h- House cf Representatives, and stems to bar? been lost by the mismanagement of itv friends. Tho merchants new, b the manufacturers heretofore, by at King tso much, have get nothing. They asked to be thtelded in prosperity, from thoss debts "which in edversity they had become unable to pay, and that the jurisdiction created by the bill, ''should be put Into the hands cf the courts cf the United Slates, increwtng, in a great degree, the mammoth power aiicady in the hands o the federal judiciary. Early in ttie Session, the Committee "on the Public Lands, reported a hill, amendatory to the land relief law of last Session. It authorizes those who did not avail themselves of the prcv?.3ions of that law, to transact their business iu the land oGces, on cr before the 30th of Septf-nber next, and places them in the same situation with those who came forward prerious to the 30th cf September last This bill lias pssed both House, and wants Only i he signature of the President to become a, law. , t Funds have been provided, for the payment in full of the pensioners within the Stato. This was unavoidably procrastinated, until the appropriation tiU, containing that item of expenditure, should pass ihe sums previously appropriated for that object, having been misapplied and imuftcisnt

for tbe ympose. The whole oSKber of persons on the revolutionary pension roll, amounted cn the fth Fcbruary last to 11,933. A bill has been reported, authorising the selection of schcol lands, for Clark's giant, and that part cf tfie . ViDcennes denatien tract, f jr which no fi celections, have yet been made. A bill has also heen rdportcd, end has passed the Senate, fur the location of a land office at Yort Wayne A bill is among the orders oftb day, making additional appropriations for ihe location cf the National Read from Wheeling to the Mississippi, h making the teals of Government, in the States cf Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, points on the read.. No permanent location has yet been made, further west than ancsvitle, hut should the appropriation be made, the work V ill progress the ensuing season Our three per cent fund, as appears by a letter from the Secretary of the Treasury communicated to theHoure, amounted, cn the 3 1st of May, 1821, to 8 42,629 46. This statement, however, excludes from the calculation the tales of laM summer, r;hich in the Drookviilc district were very large, and the payments which, under the land relief law, have been made cn lands purchased since the first day of December, 1SIG The whold fond W3y now fairiv be estimated at 36(V CCA Since the close cf the last war, the commerce and the revenue cf the United State?, have experienced much Change. The nett revenue of 1815, Was little less than fifty millions of dollars. In 1 00, it was little more than fifteen millions. The first fears cf the peace were years of unexampled prcsperity The national debt which on the 30th September, 1 31 5, was estimated at one hundred and fifty-eight Trillions cf dollars, was, on the 30th of September, 1820, reduced to ninety-one millions, payments having been made in that interval, to the amount of sixty six millions. In the tingle Fsr of 1817, the disbursements on account of the principal and interest of the public debt, amounted to more than 2 millions. This was prosprlty perhaps unparallelled. But in the year 1820, the other side cf the picture presented itself. In that yczr a loan of three millions became necessary, to defray the ordinary expenses of the Government, and to pay the interest cf the debt, During the att . yctr, the same policy was pursuer; increasinp, instead of diminishing, the debt of 91 millions. The importations of 1 C 15 and 1C were excessive: they fnr c receded cur tx ports- put tz balance of trade largely against os, and drained the country of the precious metals. Nf indeed can ve reasonably expect a very great improvement cf the revenue arising from, the customs, while the foreign markets furnish so little demand fc? our exports, by which our imports must necessarily be regulated. This slate of affairs will impose tha necessity on Congress of diminishing the exp nditure of the Government, trnd of managing its Treasury on principles cf economy which the present times imperiously require. Our peace establishments were organised in the year I? 15, when the revenues of the country promised means equal to the wishes cf prodigality itself; and it is not wonderful, that at the close cf n War, in which the Army and tho Navy were identified with the aflcetion of the people, these establishments thou Id have been made as they were. Cut our expenditures must bo brought within our means; and the administration of Mr. Monroe will terminate with iacreased reputation, should he go forward, as it is believed he will, in such system of economy and retrenchment, as will afford the prospect of extinguishing the National Debt in a reasonable time, and promote the solid improvement and prosperity of the nation. The army has already heen reduced to 6.000 men; and a bill is reported to fix a naval peace establishment, leaving the Navy in the opinion of its friends as effective as it now is, and reducing considerably its charge iupon th Treasury. ' " " For the wsnt of Nsiional prosperity, however, we ought not to complain. The pecuniary affairs of the coontry, it is Hue, have undergone a very gfrcat change. The nation as we H as individuals, hare felt that change. Nei

ther tse oac car tee other ir yet prepared for the present state of things. 'T&s quantity of our circulating medium has been much reduced. Public opinion his driven from circulation worthless Uank paper, and the merchants h4ve oxchangei our specie for European goods; but men have returned to their natural pursuits. Speculation is more generally abandoned, Lnd the credit system done away; and when the embarrassments produced by fcrnwr times shall have disappeareJ, we shall no: want the quantity of circulating medium which heretofore has been necessary for us. . Within the last year manufactures have flourished more than at any period previous to the last war, end the population of the Western Country has advanced with a rapidity herttoforc unknown. During the period cf my services in the National Legislature, six States hive been admitted into ihe Unicn. Since the adms?im of Indiana Mississippi, Illino's, Alabama, Maine, ar j Mtssocri, hav, in succession, assumed the rant of independent States. The Unicn Ii3s been strengthened and extended from the Bay fl Fund, to the Mexican Gulph. Th Fieridas have been added to the jurisdiction and the bcvcreignty oi the United State.-; tr.d our bi'wniary enlarged beyond the Rocky Mountain?, to tha shcres of the Pacific Ocean. No period of ocr history since the r.loae of ths revolution, is be tier calculated io gratify the mind of the philanthropist, cr to pnurtrry the deLlhiits of this gfa republic. Nor have the principles of our republican inatttutions bee;i confined o the l(miu cf our own government. During the last year, the progress and the triumpU of their r .ro!i:Monary armies have established the independence cr South America and Mexico, and the present Congress have rccjgniztd them as Governments, independent of Spain. Buenos-Avres, Chili, Peru, Venezuela, and NewGrencda, the two latter of which forwing the Republic cf Colombia, hate representative forms of Goverhmen'; snd, with the exception of the Brazils, where the name, but n:t the power of the king of Portugal still exists, there remains scarcely a vestige of monarchy in South America. In Mexico the tuthotity of the k'njj Spain is put down. The people have become hide pendent, but so far as they have cettlad at ail their political insiitutiens, they are yet monarchical. The principles of the revolution, however, are not likely there to rest. They will, in all probability, adapt the farms of government which surround tlierr, and add another to the republic of the new world. The attitude of the nations beyond the Atlantic, has not been as peaceful the last year as heretofore. IUtssia tnd the Turkish Proviaccs cf Europe, menace the government of the Grand Seignior. Trte borders of the Hellespont, aud the fields of ancient Greece, will probably bs again the theatre of war. The holy alIia:co cf Sovereigns seem unable to &ree rmor.g themselves. The struggle lor constitutional liberty in Naples has leng since been abandoned, but the political aspect of Spain promises a further advance upon the powers and the prerogatives of the crown The French revolution was the beginning of a new era; and although its principles and advocates slumber for the present, tne former superstitious veneration for legitimacy and the rights of kings, will' probably never be restored, and the ideaof representative government which it brought into view, and which is no existing in Spain, mcy ytt change entirely the cotrplexicn cf Europe. The Session will close the Cih of nertt month Vilh much respect, Your obedient Serv't, Vvm. H1LNDRICK.S. SPANISH MAIN. Nsw Yocs, April 6, By the chooner Taller, in 17 day a from Curacoa, editor of the National Advocate has received files of the Curacoa Courant to the !7th March. The intelligence of the independence of Quito is confirmed. It took place on the 15th cf September, after a battlo with the Spaniards, in which they sustained a Complete defeat. Every thing was tranquil in Venezuela and commerce, though nm brisk continued steady.

Tbe govafffhent of Columbia bs.d directed the erection 'oi,bulldings, fof the. humane purpose of accomTv dst-i-?g those citizens who had been in valipV.ed during Hie war, and who wera in need of assistance The appointment cf the royalist Rcncral La Torre, to the captain generalship of Porto Rico, aul that of General Morales, ae his successor inthe chief military; command m Venezuela, are mlrcialiy" confirmed by an arrival at Porto Cahello from Sprin. It was rumoured, that Morales hid proceeded to Coro, where he had collected 3:Wr.ien, U was meditating an attack on Maracyto. The editor says, "remarks would he thrown away upon this, t requires confirmation." LATEST FROM 3P AH. I3y the arrival fhelow) cf the brig Mataretj Capt. Furlong, from OibI alter, we have been favored by u friend with pipers to the 9th March containing the speech of the Kin of Snain, at tho opening of the session of thenrw Cortes, theanswer ofRiego the President- It will be observert th it his Majesty abstsins from taking any uoiice of his South American Provinces. H.-lft GetFrcm die IJatitaiGre patriot May, 19 FROM SMYRNA. Cap'.atn D-ckcrson, of the brig Mic as, arrived yesterday koza Smyrna, informs that there were lying at tho port the following squadrons of obccrvatior.: of French 9 f all EngliSli S sail-.Austriar. 5 till A Dutch1 frigate sailed a fw djys before for' Marion, to return- the-presence of tho above squadrons tended to keep tho Turks in awe, and ai7crd.?d great protection to the Franks and resident European merchants. The Turkish; fitet of about 60 sail including trant . ports had come out from Constantinople, and were seen cfT More?, beginning of Februaty. The Grecian fLet wcro lying in different ports of tho Archipelago rtfittins No satisfactory news cf war between Rusaia and the Porte, had beeu. receircd, but wac ddily cpccteA , there. Extract of a letter received zl Newdated Gt. Johns, Pjrto Rico, April U "A Dannish schooner from Laguira, has been rent in here and condemned, although a demand was mado for her by the Danish Government. The Privateer is cn her second, cruise, with orders to capture any veesel trading with ports in posst-ssioa of the Patriots, without regard; &o Amcricana out 1 -There is not much denser of Pira-' cies here; as the cost is well lined with French and Ornish Cruisers." ANNUAL ."ELBOTflOX. GOVERNOR. WiWiava Hendricks, tICUT. GOVCRNOa. Haff "Boon, Uramus YovfcW, David H. MaxweW, CONGRESS VACANCT. Davis TAod, CONGRESS 1st DISTRlot CVvatVes Bewe'j, 'Wittiam Prince, 3oin Emtig, ; 2J KS7RIC?. Jonathan 3ennngs, 2i DISTRICT. zraTems, 3binTeat, t Samud C.Tance. AS3EMBLY. ' ;V DaVid Q. SlitchcW, D ennta Pennington, Thomas feostj , "Benjamin Adamo, DaVidft.modea. Gen. John Tipton, ' fci COUNTY COMMISSIONER. ' JoViti-W. Notice,