Indiana American, Volume 9, Number 7, Brookville, Franklin County, 18 February 1870 — Page 1
TER MSOFADVER Tl S I'NO.
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Tfc Legal Tender Quselion Synopsis of the Opinion. The opinion delivered by Chief Justice Chase, on the legal-tender question, is xtry long. After an able review of the case, it says: Xo one questions the general constitutionality, not very many, perhaps, questions the general expediency of the legis
lation by whien me currency notes nave len authorized in the recent years. The doubt is as to the power to declare a particular class of these notes to be a legaltender in the payment of pre-existing debts. The only ground upon which this Mirer is asserted is not that the issue of notes was an appropriate and plainly adopted means for carrying on the war, for that is admitted, but making: of them a lecal tendcrto the extent mentioned was such a means. Now we have seen that of all the notes issued they were not declared as lep1 tenders at all, but constituted a very lars proportion, and that they circulated freely without discount. It may bo said that their equality in circulation and credit was not due to the provision made by Congress for the redemption of this paper in legal tender notes, but this provision if at all useful in this respect, was of trifling importance compared with that ubich made them receivable for government dues. All modern history testifies that in time of war, especially when taxes are augmented, large loans negotiated and lieavy disbursements made notes issued by authority of the Government and made receivable for dues to the Government, a!, ways obtain a readv circulation, and een
linen ooi reueemacie uy kuih uu ucwauu,
Constitution. It ia not surprising that ! ed upon to decide it whose duty it is as amid the tumult of the late civil war and ! much as it is ours to pass upon it in the
who ordained it, is happily not a, matter of under the influence of apprehensions for ; light of the Constitution, are we to re-
trie naiprv or me nenno no almost uiiivcr men xiivu.
......, r- . . . i . , -
and what was intended by the establishment of justice in the minds of the people
disputation. It is not left to inference or conjecture, and especially in its relations to contracts. When the Constitution was undergoing discussion in the Convention of tie Congress of Confederation it was
engaged in the consideration of an ordi-
sal, different views, never before entertain
ed by an American statesman or jurist, were adopted, and were not favorable considerate reflection upon the constitutional
limits of legislation or executive authority
nance for the government of the Territory j If the power was assumed from patriotic
northwest of Ohio the only Territory 1 motives, the assumption touna a reaay subject at that time to its regulation and justification in patriotic hearts. Many
contract. By this ordinance certain tundsmental articles of compact were established between the original States and the
tion and declare it void, because the necessity for its enactment does not appear so strong to us as it did to Congress, or so clear as it was to other courts? Such is not my idea of the relative functions of legislative and judicial departments of the government. If the act is in any sense essential to the execution of an acknowledged power or decree of that necessity,
is for the legislature and not for the court
In the case in beaton
who doubted yielded their doubts. Many who did not doubt were silent. Some who
were averse to makins the Government ! to determine
people of the States of the Territory, for! notes a legal-tender felt themselves con- the court says that where a law is not prothe purpose (to use its own language) of strained to acquiesce in the views of the hibitory, and is really calculated to effect
extending the fundamental principles of advocates of the measure. Not a few who civil and religious liberty, whereon these ' then insisted upon its necessity, or acRepublics, or States, arc united under the ' quieseed in the view, have since the reconfederation. Among these fundamen-j turn of peace and under the influence of tal principles was the" preservation of , calmer times, reconsidered their conclurights to property. It is understood and i sions, and now concur in their views which declared that no'law ought ever be made j we have just announced. These concluor have force in said Territory, that shall j sions seem to us to be fully sanctioned by in any manner whatever interfere with, or ; the letter and spirit of the constitution, affect private contracts or engagements ; We are obliged, therefore to hold that the
bona fide and without fraud, previously ! defendant is in error; he was not bound to
Iu the Country. All along the cool, green carpet Nature spreads beneath her feet, Spring has scattered rarest jewels, Flowers odorous and sweet. Lilies of the valley springing, Pare and perfumed, from the ground. Shake their little bells, emitting Fairy music without sound. In the early, ruddy morning, Or at evenicg, cool and sweet, . Looking off into the distance, Earth and heaven seem to meet. All our beautiful surroundings Seem to call a blessing down 0,we know "God made the country," Though man built the bustling tuwn. Portland Transcript.
francs, and asked the poor woman's address. You can give the money to me," the gentleman replied, taking the money and putting it into his pocket. "I am her landlord. Here is the receipt for the rent. How joyful bhe will be when jou give it to her!
ment. undertaking to inquire into the de
cree of its necessity, would be to pass the What Shall Farmers Do In Winter?
line which circumscribes the judicial de- j Successful men generally so contrive
partment, and treat on legislative grounds, (their business as that they are constantly This Court disclaims all pretensions of employed. Oae thing is no sooner finishsuch power. This sound exposition of ed than another is readv at their hands.
the duties of this Court in this class of;Unthriftv men often work a few days.
cases, relieves me from any embarrassment or hesitation in the case before me. If 1
had doubts of the validity of the consti-
formed. The same principle is found in receive from the plaintiff the currency ten- j tutionality of the law, 1 must have held
a more condensed expression in that most dered to Mm in payment ot the note maae
before he passage of the act of February
25. 1SG2. It follows that the judgment of the Court of Appeals of Kentucky must be affirmed. DISSENTING OPINION. The dissenting opinion by Justice Miller, after arguing the case at much length,
laws, and we do not say that the law Bays me legal renaer clauses oi ...e o.a.e
made and in execution of anv other fx. ! unaer consiaerauon were P'ceu '"'t'""
press power
valuable provision of the Constitution of
the United States, ever recognized as an efficient safeguard against intrigue, that no State shall pass any law impairing obligation of contracts. It is true that this prohibition is not applied in terms to the government of the United States. Con
gress has express power to enact bankrupt !
which incidentally impairs I cally by those who enacted them upon their
arc as little and usually less subject to oe- , ODi:,:on cf ,ne contract, can be held
prociation than any other description ofjto hc unconstitutional for that reason,! notes for redemption, of which no l etter U:Ut we think it is clear that those who provision is made, and the history of leg- j formcj ana tn0f;e wlo adopted the conization under consideration is that U w:.s i p,itut;on ,l; tended that spirit. If the proupon this quality of legal tender that the ! jition should poivade entire by act of reliance of circulation was originally T1"-1 legislation, and that justice for which the ed,for the receivability clause appears i constitution was ordained to establish was
not thought by them to be incompatible with the legislation of an opposite tendency, in other words, wc can doubt that the law not made. in ptirsnance of an express power, which neces-arilv, and in its direct operation, impairs the obligations of con. tracts, is inconsistent with the spirit of the Constitution. Another provision found in the fifth amendment nmst be considered in this
have Iccn in the oriyitial draft of the bill, ... , - i . i . ' -.
laie the togai icuucr ciauic miuis iui lave been introduced at a later stage of j its progress. These facts certainly are j not without weight as evidence that all the ! useful purpose of the notes would have j been fully answered without making them j legal tender for pre-existing debts. j It is denied, indeed, by writers that the quality of legal tenders adds anything at all to the credit or usefulness of Govern- j nient notes, they insist, on the contrary,; that it impairs both. However this may
he it must be remembered that it is means i to an end to be obtained by the action if the llovcrnnut that implied the power of, u aking notes a legal tender in all payments as claimed under the Constitution. ; Now. how far is the Govei nmer.t helped!
by this means? Certainly it can not obtain new supplies or service at a cheaper Tte, for no one will take notes for more than they are worth. At the time of the new contract the price will rise in the ratio of depreciation, and this is all that could happen if the notes were not made a lecal tender. But it may be said that the depreciation will be less to hitn who takes them from the Government, if the Govern
ment will pledge to him its power to com
necessity to the further borrowing of mon
ey and maintaining the army and navy. It was done reluctantly and with hesitation, and only after the necessity had been demonstrated, and had become imperative. Our statesmen had been trained in schools which looked upon such legislation with something more than distrust. The de bates of the two Houses of Congress show that on this necessity alone could this clause of the bill have been carried, and they also prove, as I think very clearly, the existence of that necessity. The history of that gloomy time is not to be readily forgotten by the lover of his country, and will forever remain a full, clear and ample vindication of the exercise of this power by Congress and its results have demonstrated the sagacity of those who
connection. We reler to that winch or I originated and carried through the meas-
dains that rrivatc prorertv shall not e
taken for public use without compensation. This provision is kindred in spirit to that which forbids legislation impairing the obligations of contracts; but, unlike that, it is addressed directly and solely to the National Government. It docs not, in terms, prohibit legislation which ap-
Ipropriates the private property . of one ! class of citizens to the use of another class, I but if suc h propei ty cannot be taken for the benefit of all w ithout compensation, it ' is difficult to understand how it can be j taken for the benefit of part without violai ting the spiiit of prohibition. There is another provision in the same .amendment which, in our judgment, can
not have its full and intended effect unless
pel his creditors to receive them at par in ' construed as a direct prohibition of legis . . . i i , i i. . ; j
lation, whi'-h we have been considering. It is that which declares that no person
shall be deprived of life, liberty or proper
pajnient. I lus is, as wc have seen, ty no mean certain. If the quantity issued be exoeisMve, and the redemption nneeitain and remote, treat duplication will take place. If, on the other hand, the quantity is only adequate to the demands of business, and confidence in tin early redemption is strong, the notes will circulate freely whether macVe legal tenders or not: but if it be admitted that some in
crease of availability is derived from ma. silver money to accept in pajmetit a curkin the notes heal tenders under new j rency of inferior value dt lives such pcrcontracts.it will by ro means follow that ; sons ot property without due process of any appreciable advantage is gained by j law. It is quite clear that w b.itevcr may compelling creditors to receive them in ; be the operation of such an act, du piofatisl'action of pre-existing debts, and sess of law makes no part of it. lots it there is abundant evidence that whatever j deprive any person of property? A very
large proportion ot the property oi ciu-
- . .....
sure. Certainly it seems to the best judgment that I can bring to bear upon the subject, that this law was a necessity in lie most strinsrent sense in which that
! word can be used; but it is said that the I law is in conflict with the spirit if not the
I letter of several provisions or the ConstiI tution. Undoubtedly it is a law impairjing the obligations of contiacts made be- : fore its passage; but while the Constitution j forbids States to pass such laws, it does : not forbid Congress. On the contrary, Congress is expressly authorized to estabj lish a uniform system of bankruptcy, and
the sense of which is to discharge debtors fiom obligations to their contracts; and. in pursuance of this power, Congress has thrcctimes passed such a law, which, in every instance, operated on contracts made before it was passed. Such & law is now in force. So it is said that the provisions
the law valid uutil thest doubts became convictions; hut as I have very decided opinions that Congress icted within the scope of its authority, I must hold the law to be constitutional and dissent from the opinion of the Court. I am authorized to say that Mr. Justice Swain and Mr. Justice Davis concur in this opinion. Rules for Skating. We take pleasure in publishing the following extract and carefully prepared rules for skating: 1. .Never try to skate in two directions at once. This feat has been often attempted by new beginners, bat never successfully. It always ends it sorrow. 2. Eat a few apples for refreshment's sake while skating, ana be sure to throw the cores on the ice for fast skaters to break their shins over. Fast skaters are
your enemies ana snouia not De anoweu to enjoy themselves peaceably. 3. Sit dowu occasionally, no matter where riht in the wav of the party if
-c . you want to There is do law to prevent a new beginner from sittiag down whenever he has an inclination to do so. 4. When you meet a particularly handsome lady, try to skate on both sides of her at once. This is very pretty, and sure to create a sensation. If the lady's bioth-
weeks or months, and then lie idle the bal
ance of the year. During their idleness they eat up and spend all they earn during the busy season. Take the illustration of two men who depend upon laboring for others. One only works now and then a day, week or month, when he can command high wages. The others work steadily by the year at moderate wages. The first eats up in idleness all his earnings. The latter is always busy and saves a part of his earnings. Almost every one can call to mind plenty of examples of this kind. The like rule holds to some extent with the farmer. Jf he only works during the Summer, the Winter will make way with
nearly or quite all of the accumulatious of
ot Summer. Many tarmers do a good Summer's work, and gather fair harvests only to lie in idleness during the Wiuter and consume all their Summer's earnings. If a man works hard during the Summer, a Winters idleness, with its temptation to spend, is pretty sure to bring him out
"Spring poor. Such being the case, it is
desirable that he should find something for
Winter emplyment that will keep him busyso that he may earn his way. and thus guard against the temptation that idleness brings to spend money. 1 may enumerate some of the things that should be attended to in Winter. Haul and prepare for the fire at least a year's stock of wood. Keep enough ahead to always have a liberal supply of dry
wood. It is a great waste of the time and
A Democratic Paper Swallows the Fifteenth Amendment. From the Detroit Free Press. The Fifteenth Amendment to the Con
stitution of the United States bas been adopted by twenty-eight States. This is the requisite three-fourths, leaving it an open question whether the subsequent withdrawal of it ratification by the State of New York, is of any force or not, and also whether the ratification of Indiana was legal. It is probable that Congress will, by a formal act, declare, that the amendment has been- ratified by the requisite number of States, and proceed to pass such a law as it may deem expedient and proper to enforce the ameudiuent. The new provision of the Constitution is as follows: "Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State on account of race, color, or any previous condition of servitude. "Sec. 2. The Congress shall have power
to enforce this article by
legislation. Whether Congress passes such a law or not at the present session, there is no longer any doubt of the final adoption of this amendment, and the incorporating into the Constitution of the United States the law that henceforth, so far as the right to vote goes, there shall be no abridgement on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. The State of Texas and Nebaska will almost certainly adopt the amendment, thus making thirty out of thirty-six States. This amendment will have very little effect upon Michigan, cither at present or in the future; from the fact that the same rights and privileges will attach to the
colored ropulatiou in every State in the i
1 here were in this Mate, accord
for six or seven hours, and then spread upon the malt Moor, where the next pro-
ev8 of the operating is termed touching. Lying in beds of of twelve or sixteen inches in depth, the grain soon become moist thorough chemical charges, and germination commences. When this ha gone sufficiently far, which is known bj the grain becoming white and craubly like meal, the process is changed and germination immediately arrested by the grain being spread on the floor of a malt kiln, and the tempeiature raised gradually fro in 90 to 140 degrees, during the operation of drying the malt being frequently stirred. Then comes the brewing proeeaa, which like the first stage, embraces several different operations. 1 he malt is first ground or crushed to a coarse powder, which is afterwards shaken into large mush toba, containing water at a temperature of 1(M degrees. More water is added and the tern perature carefully raised several degree higher, after which the infusion is draws off ami added to the first; still another wetting takes place, with the water at the boiling point. The next process is tlia boiling, which is done by placing the iia fusion in copper vessels furniabed with steam valves. During the boiling operation the bops are introduced. Then boilin; over, the liquor is drained, any allotted to cool, when it is placed in huge wood-
appropriate i en vats; and yeast added. After having
fermented long enough, the liquor la drawn off into huge receptacles, aud stored in high vaults, wheie it isallowed to raroain for several month. This in called logi ring.
is in siirht it is well to omit this.
5. Skate over all the small boys at4.patience of the female part of the farmer's
once. Knock em down, it makes great
i that private property shall nt be taken
tv without due process of law. it l not tor public use wunoui just wmpt .muwu,
doubted that all the proviMons and amend- and mat no person snan u u..ic v
fun, and they like it. 6. If you skate in a hole in the ice take it coolly. Think how you wo'd feel if the water was boiling hot. 7. If your skates are too slippery buy a new pair. Keep on buying new pairs till you find a pair that are not slippery. 8. In sitting down do it gradually. Don't be too sudden; you might break the ice. 9. When ycu fall headlong examine the
straps of your skates before you get up. This will make everybody think your skates were loose. Beginners always do you know. 10. Wear a heavy overcoat or cloak till you get thoroughly warmed up, and then throw it off aud let the wind cool you. This will insure a cold that will last you as long as you live.
11. After vou sret so vou can sicaie
family and miserable poor economy to burn
green wood. Haul rails, boards, posts, stone, and other fencing material where it will be handy for use. Repair all your tools. Lctevery reaper, seeder, plow, harrow, hoe, rake, wagon, harness be examined and mended and painted, if found necessary. There are manv little iosrs about the
house that the good wifa will suggest that you should not forget to attend to during the leisure of Winter. A door, a window, a shelf, a sink, a cupbord, and a score of other things, will need to be looked after. The care of stock on the farm needs no inconsiderable portion of a farmer's time and attention.
When all the foregoing, and hundreds of other little thing, have received the farmer's attention, he still has spare time on his hands'for other labors, if anything
lean ie touna mat ravs. nt mum o
"About, Face!" The New York World has issued a gen cral order to the Democracy of the country to assume the "New Departure" at one. Whatever else may be said of the World, there is no doubt but it carries the heft of the brains of the Democratic party in the country, and it is therefore instructive to note this last bugle call, simply as a sort of mile post to indicate the progress of thing
i iu the nineteenth century. In a long and
elaborate article, the World t-howa how
Union. 1 here were in mis state, accoru- , &hard the hol)e lhat ti,e reconstruction
iug to the ceous of 1800, U..99 colored , f Coil Mess wli ever be over
thrown. Ihe pie.-cnt administration bu
. .1 i . F l ft
persons, uur total tiopuiation was hh,
113. The vote of that year for President was 154,747, being a fraction of over one in five of the population. If the same ratio exists with the colored populatiou, there would have been then l,3t0 colored voters in the State. Of this population there was 1,570 in Wayne County, which would make the colored vote 32U. From all we know of this population we are inclined to thiak that it is very little, if any more now than in 18G0, and we doubt whether the entire voting power of the colored people of Michigan, which can be brought to the polls at any election, exceeds a thousand votes. There is now, under this amendment, giving the colored population the same rights and privileges
in all the Southern fctates that they will m - 111-.
have here, verv little prooaoiiuy mat me i
proportion of the colored population to
the whites in Michigan will ever increase
three years still to rule, and make effective the policy of the Republican party; the Supreme Bench is composed of men a majority of whom are of pronounced IlepuWcan views upon the power of Coogressover the rebellious States; the complexion of the Senate, under the most favorable circumstances, can not be changed in less than six years; while it is not probable, if indeed possible, to alter the political character oi the House for the Forty-fecond Cngrcfs. The advice of the World is, to accept the situation, aud labor to divide the nero vote, which, under the Fifteenth Amendment, will be an immense power iu the approaching elections. It think the Republican party will carry no South-
I em otuie aiier me au option viinc nucuu-
ment, aud it urges, its party in the North, as well as in the South, to appeal to the
w-rv i A i rmo aran ilia ifrnnrti nfMi
On tho coutrarv. it is more likely to di-i ' ' T .: j JM,.;t
.
ministi. We have long seen this, and have repeatedly stated that this amendment to the Constitution would be adopted. We have no longer to meet the question in its
j of the negroes, by tinselry and meretrici
ous ornament; acd wherever there is in tcliigence, to address and captivate it. There is nothing very remarkable about all this, viewed from a reasonable, or even
i .i. i :.x 1. 1 A l.i.t. nrAnnrtv nit tin nr. line course t.,u..i.in .An ctnta rAiircnit kiou immeai- - . . , . i
ments operate oirecuy in me iiuuhuuu i ir, mt.jv,. t.-t j - wiciaui; j ,..... ---- - i dof In olden time he couia tnresn, make' and restraint of the le gislative powers con- of law, are opposed to act under considera-, ateiy. y0H i be reasonable about itjskate I .v.helvcs, whip stalks, ox-hows
ferred bv Cot gress. The question is ' tion. The argument is too hoe tor my j three or four hours skate frantically and oke8f etc. Machinery has chanced 1, other an act whieh compels all those j perception, by which indirect effect of a Ukate till you can't stand up. Do-this Now. what is he to do? Well, if
former shape, but to grapple with it in its -ensio.e M...uru.n., uu. ;L ,n.i ...k. th hest of it. ! remembered that it may become the pol
r. . ... .' ... ... ! inv F iho I niii:inaroha Sentinel, the On -
Willi "J r-
cinuati Enquirer, and other of the Bour-
nbo hold contracts for payment of gold or
benefit is possible from that compulsion to
some individuals, weighed down by losses of piopertv, derangement ot business, fluctuations of the currency, and values and increase of prices to the people and
lZCd UlCU exists in lllC ICtim l i-tumuvin. 1 hesc contracts almost invariably stipulate for the payment of money, and we have already seen that contracts in the United
the government, and a long train of evils States prior to the act under consideration which flow from the use of an irredeema- for the payment of money, were contracts lie currency. It is true that these evils to pay the sum specified in gold and silver are not to be attributed altogether to ma- coin and it is beyond doubt that ti e ho!d-
kimr it a le-al tender, but this increases ; ers of these contracts were and are luiiy
new public measure, in depreciating the
value of lands, stocks, bonds and other contracts, rendering such law invalid, as the taking of private property for public use, or as depriving the owner of it without due course of law. A declaration of war with a maritime power would thus be unconstitutional, because the value of every ship abroad is lessened twenty-five or thirty per cent., and those at home almost as much. The abolition of the tariff on
Uron and sugar would in like manner de
stroy the furnaces, and sink capital employed in the manufacture of these arti-
cies; yet, no sraiesiiiau, uunoci n advocate of high tarifls has claimed that to abolish such duties would be unconstitntinnnl s takinsT private property. If
every day, and it will be sure to make you
sick at last; and then you may die, ana that will bo excellent; it will be such a good example to the rest of the young people.
Cattle on railways.
is to oe avoiaea
"Rolling Stock.
Maxim. A poor man -he lacks principal.
An unpleasant sort of arthmctic Division among families.
Wl
iy is
balloon like silence? Be-
the the
and plainly adopted means for
tion and power to declare and carry on r. If it adds nothing to the utility of the notes, it can not be upheld as a means to and in furtherance of which the notes re issued, nor can it in our judgment be
.1.. t : 1 . ;,l.l tl, nrntetion ot the COnStltU- tllC principal oe sounu, tiny
lurse evils 11 certainly niuina imii va- ; tuuMvi v ... i . . , i . 1 , , . , l . tent and protracts their continuance. W eitional provision as much as the holders of j issue of tjovernment bonds during of Propertv. But it; war was void, because hy increasing
. . . .i .i . .v. i.n... .a ..A . JAt it iniiK hiisn lrpxil V in Tn-
expedient of this sort is an appropriate may oe saia mat me uuiue o. v- j j.ui.... --y ' .
the excen- j scription ct property are proieciea oy i ; vaie nanus iv ,..-. -T
from legislation which incidentally only impairs its value; and it may be urged, in i. lustration, that holders of stock in a turnpike, bridge or manufacturing corporation, or an insurance company, or a bank,
urlitld. If. while facilitating in some dc- I cannot by authorising similar works, or
tree the circulation of the notes, it debases coi r orations, reduce its price in the maraud '"njures currency in its proper use to ket. But all this does not appear to meet a much 'reater degree, and these consid- the real difficulty. In the cases mcntion-
erations seem to us equally applicable to : ea inquiry is puiviy comment .
'fie power to regulate commerce and to joeniai
eerrow nionev iotn poweis ni-iiut : ? ...... - .i,:k involve i L I r money by the people mentioned the holder of stock was requir-; justice, by declaring o,d laws which
iv .. i k.. ;i,r .Jeil tn rnnvrv it to anv one who shoutd inot sauare
. t r caVde wiT it a, an Tr V- j think fit to ffer hall value for it, the anal-! ideas of policy for judicial construction; 1 'C-ar,rUS 'A'!1 V. JLJ ov Wold be obv ious. No one probably an indefinite code of ethics for the Con-
c unci Piaimv aaooieu weans iv
tne power of in a Vine circulating ndes a
these lecal ten
gumcnt docs injustice which it it ever oe cvisted will be repealed by those now holding it void, and if its opposition to the spiiit of the constitution is too abstract and cntangible for application to the courts of iustice. and is above all dangerous
grounds on which to declare the legislation of Congress void. By a decision of
the Court, it would authorize this court to j enforce theoretical views of the genius of j
notione ot the
mse it gives ascent.
Why is a proud womau book? She is full of airs. '
like a music-
Why is a bottle of brandy like a haunted house? It contains spirits.
a new Faris bonnet It makes one smart.
like a
Why is whipping?
- What is the first thing a lady does when she falls into the water? She gets wet. - Viestion in Arthmetic If Sir Walter Sottas Anv vb worth ten cuincas, what
- - was his kennel-tcortftf
possible lor mem to carry a luajomv tho next Congress, and if they do it will be the last one. Now that reconstruction is over, we trust that our friends in Con-
7"""- j ""Urcss will press home upon the Ua.i.cais A friend has often made I .. ', .t,. v, r
me rtioiiua uti'ci"i j iu i ..... w . dens which are pressing so heavily upon the people. Taxation must come down or we arc ruined. To reduce taxation without adopting a more rigid system of economy in the public expenditures, is absolutely impossible. We hope the Dcmooratit mem hers of Congress will let all the
"How close vou are, husband, you'll not
I. In the cast we arc considering it ; our Government, or vague notione ot me ; bbe bout a f.nhing." "Well, I alcct and inevitable. If in the case spirit of our Constitution and of abtract j ? ,nouglu tbe iefS orl Eqabbles about,
did
substitutes
the better.'
ioonld be found to contend that an act en- stitution, and a court of justice lor a na-
...v rower oi making uii-uikuuk VI,v . 1 legal tender in payment of pre existing forcing the acceptance of 0 or .o acres of , tional. ftf debts. But there is another view, which land in satisfaction for 100, would not Upon the enactment of ns to us to be decisive as to whether come wnbin the prohibition against arbi- der laws they were receive
the express power or implied power in the question may be referred to in the rules fated by Chief Justice Marshall, are ords that ate appropriate and plainly
darted and reallv well calculated or are
.-.... ...A-o.-nn ot property. c con
fess ourselves unable to perceive any solid distinction between suCu an act and an act ; . li oiiiior.i! to eet-rtt. in satis
111 j'V 1 1 1 1' ,.... -
faction of all contracts lor money,
one
qualified bv limitation, that mean what i half or three fourths, or any other pre por
"just not be prohibited, but must be con- j distent with the letter and spirit of the' 9ntitution, as nothing so prohibited or inconsistent can be regarded as appropriate or plainly adapted or really calculated y ny means to any end. Let us inquire, then: Frst. Whether making bills of credit legal-tender to the tent indicated, is consistent with the spirit of the Constitution. Among the Te&t cardinal purposes of that instrument "o one is more conspicuous, or more venerable than the establishment of justice;
received with almost
universal acquisition; as valued payments were made in legal tender notes for the debts in existence when the law was passed to the amount of thousands of dollars, though gold was the only legal tender when these debts were contracted. An adequate
i.. . .,.!! -I.ia . If not larsrer. amount is now uue unaer
cordinsr to their terms it is difficult to con- j tho contracts made since the passage of
ceive what debt could take private prop- J the bill. L uder the belief mat these lecrty without the process of law. If such j gal tender notes would be valid payment. 1 . m ti oAnrlnd The two Houses of Congress, the 1 rest-
that an act making mere pTromises to pay j dent who signed the bill and fifteen State - i.i i.r.,i.- tho r.nvment .if ' oonrts of last resorts, being all but one
debts previously contracted is pot a moans 1 that have passed upon the question, nave - . . i n 1 , i -.l . Vinliof in trirt f nnstitntionalltV
appropriate, piainiy aaopiecj, it-.ij ivu- i-i'ivcti.u - .,...... rf
A doctor's wife one attempted to move her husband by tears. "Ann," said be, tears are useless. I have analyzed them. They contain a little phosphate of lime, some chlorate of sodium, that's ali."
A major in the United States army was crossing from England in one of the Cu nard steamers, when one afternoon a band on deck played "Yankee Doodle." A gruff Englishman who stood by inquired whether that was the tune the old cow died of. "Not at all," retorted the major, "that is the tune the old Bull died of."
he is not more profitably engaged, he may
employ his time to good advantage in one of the following pursuits: Where a man or his help can be spared away from home, team-work often can be found. If ho has a wood lot, he often can make it profitable in preparing and marketing wood. A home employment can be found in the manufacture of brooms, and they are
always saleable
his Winter's work pay full as well as the Summer at this employment.
A farming acquaintance of the writer turned his W inters to good account in the
manufacture of willow baskets. Another bottomed chairs. In manufacturing districts, work can often be obtained that can be taken home to be performed. If a farmer has brains you can hardly place him in a location but what something may be found to do, even in dull Winters. Fertile Yankee brains will suggest ways and means to make the Winter profitable. No thirty man will think of idling his Winters away. Let all turn over the circumstances of their surroundings, and see
j if they cannot devise some means of maj king the Winter bear its proportion of the
year. A little extra time can be pofitably taken at this seaon for reading and mental culture. Post up your books, lleview the year's business. See what is profitable, or the reverse. Lay out your plans for
the coming year. Compare notes with your neighbors, and with your brother farmers at large, by reading and writing for the papers. "Keep your eyes and ears open." A little thought or observation .... I
often saves a deal ot muscie. me iu who benumbs and paralizes his brain by too much manual labor, is saving at the spigot. To make farming profitable, it must be pursued intelligently. Almost any man may worry a living out of mother earth, but it takes intelligence to make the calling of the farmer profitable and honorable. 1. L. F. Holling Prairie, Wis.
For a brief time this class may vote
.i ii 1. i. . .i.:. :ii .. I.. I......
ine ixauicais, uui mi win oi , . r t i.i i i . . :n -t .Tt ' bon organs, it assumes tho proportion ot In the cud the colored votes will almost. r. ii u r i .i ;u,r ii,. i one ol the seven curiosities, lsouroeignall be found ou the side ot the i.smocrat-, T ,. , a V j bor, representing the Indiana Democracy, lc party. . j i i prepared to accept, this order from its Mississippi will probably be admitted t . . , ... .. , . 11 - 1 i i .r. ,1,. I commander-in chief, and "about lace.' during the coming week, and belore the ! ' close of the month the State of Texas. ! LJ "'
From the divisions already existing in the j Udical ranks in Congress, we look for j the downfall of that party. It is hardly j
The Distinguished Dead of 1869. The folic wing are among the promioent
Americms who died during the year 18G9: Edward Bates, aged 76; John Bell, 72; John M Botts, G7; James T. Brady. 54; (Jen. J C.Briscoe, 36"; (overland stage express). Johu Buttertield, 8: (author) F. S. Cozzens, 52; Sir Edward Cunard, 53; Chas. Snowden Fairfax, 40; Won. Pitt Fesscnden, 63; Benjamiu Fi'zpatrick, 67; Col. Charles K. Gardner, 81; James Guthrie, 76; James Harper, 74; Henry Keep, 51;. Amos Kondall, 80; Col. Wui. J. Naj,je, , Dr. Edson B. Olds, 64; Geo Pea-
body, 74, hrancis W . 1'ickeus, 02, tranx-
past measures ot the Kadical party alone, io j.iercei Gl; Robert B. Randolph, 78;
let them be judged fairly by me rcsuu. ; J))bn A . RaVkIDS, Henry J .Raymond, We have had uo part in enacting these Riebardson, 36, Joseph Kitner, laws, and feel no responsibility in regard ()u ,jei jj0Ve! p Bosseau, 50, Dc James thereto. He rrjoice lhat the contest is over, ; , s:j sl Smith. iS Edwin II. Stan-
anJ from tiis tunc we shall do all ice enn to h'ice (he Democratic parti take a netc departure. Let the dead past bury its dead. Let us see who have left our ranks, aud, now that the causes which made them leave us have ceased, let us endeavor to bring them back to heip us tight the Radicals on the issues of the finances, high tariff, taxation aud monopolies.
How Lager Beer is Made.
ton, 55, Admiral harles Stewart, JM, Fred. A.Tallmadge, 77, Isaac Toucey, 73, Robert J. Walker, 68, Chas A. Wickllffc, bl, Henry A. Wire, 5!, Geo. John E. Wool, SO. Among the most distinguished foreign crs are tte following: Gen. J.N. Almonte (Mexican), afced 57. Claude A. Delangle ( French), 73, Karl
Stanley Derby (English), 70, Lady Duff
I- uad l asna I i urs i
The following explanation of the mem- j
od of manufacturing the leutonic bever-, j-isbx yy Baron Henri Jomini (Sm)
age will doubtless be of interest to our j )(jj Lamartine (French),
readers:
. . . . i . i 1. . . .
OD, Oir dames Aicxanuer uuruun, iiawi;
i'rince
i Menchikoff (Russian), Sit, Marquis Moua-
iated to carry into effect any express pow
er vested in Congress. That such an act is inconsistent with the spirit of tho Constitution, and that is prohibited by the
of these laws, with all the great weight of authority of this strong concurrence of opinion among those who have passed up on the question before we have been cU-
The Israelite, of Cincinnati, maintains
that the divinity of Jesus of Nazareth was an idea originating in the Second and third centuries. The man Jesus was a Pharisean rabbi of excellent intentions and enthusiastic aspirations, in the realixation of which he failed entirely. That he lost his life because of the error of the disciples in proclimiog him the Messiah,
A very respcctable-lojkiog gentleman called on Henri Rochefort one day. ,Ex cuse mv troubling you," he siid; "but
there is in your neighborhood a poor wo
man in the last extremity or misery, n Ka nut the necessary sum to pay her
D t UHW MV 4 rent to day she will be turned into the street. "How much is needed?" asked Rochefort. "Seventy five franc." Rochefort took from his pocket the seventy five
... . i' i. -i ....!.. v;l
Lager beer is a fermented liquor, made : 'renc.-o. ,u.s ... from malted grain-barley, principally . H'0.f ', ". K 1 11 and other bitter flavoring battels aie ; p. John A Koeh hug (hB..;h) On
added to improve their taste and in. pert j V -J- """Jf their peculiar properties, tonic and othci- '-'ley t, English ),Jm, Ma.qu.s vf wise, to any liquor. Lager beer properly J estu.in.stcr (c.i.j. . I. made, if analyzed, will give about the f.il- ! " lowing result. Water, ill.80; malt, 4.65, j A Good Thcught for the Ncy alcohol, 3 44; carbonic acid, Oil. j Rev. Albert Barnes Mtjs:. vv'Jt'be wct,4 The la"er beer brewing seasous begins j is becoming better every every
about the c'ose of October and ends about mouth, every day. In its tyies awcietjK,
ih first nf Aoril. In the manufacture of
beer, the barley, wheat or other grain is selected with much care. It is first subjected to the process called malting, which is effected in large cisterns with a depth ol
some six or seven luches above the stutace of the grain. When the grain has become fully soaked usually absorbing about 40 or 45 pounds to the hundred weight ol Parley it is taken oot? allowed to drain
takes hoia ol nil mat u aix or ma constitutes real i o prove me U,'n aud will uo let it die. lhat which is worthless superceded by tlul which is uetul, that ai.icIi is injuriou. .;d roo-j is dropped) tiy the way, that wlUh gta permaueally into the good order of the world alone ia, luaiiitained, and Cnristianity never had ii ; iu a hold on the iiitoiki, faith ol k.ud s it lua uft,